NAVIGATION (1)

GENERAL NAVIGATION

1 Which is the highest latitude listed below at which the sun will rise above the horizon and set
every day?
A 68°
B 66°
C 62°
D 72°

2 An aircraft flies a great circle track from 56° N 070° W to 62° N 110° E.
The total distance travelled is?
A 3720 NM
B 5420 NM
C 1788 NM
D 2040 NM

3 On the 27th of February, at 52°S and 040°E, the sunrise is at 0243 UTC.
On the same day, at 52°S and 035°W, the sunrise is at:
A 0743 UTC
B 0243 UTC
C 2143 UTC
D 0523 UTC

4 An aircraft at position 60°N 005°W tracks 090°(T) for 315 km.

On completion of the flight the longitude will be:
A 002°10'W
B 000°15'E
C 000°40'E
D 005°15'E

5 Isogonals are lines of equal:

A compass deviation.
B magnetic variation.
C wind velocity.
D pressure.

6 The scale on a Lambert conformal conic chart:

A is constant along a meridian of longitude
B is constant along a parallel of latitude
C varies slightly as a function of latitude and longitude
D is constant across the whole map

7 On a Direct Mercator chart, a rhumb line appears as a:

A small circle concave to the nearer pole
B straight line
C curve convex to the nearer pole
D spiral curve

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GENERAL NAVIGATION

8 Given:
Magnetic heading 311°
Drift angle 10° left
Relative bearing of NDB 270°
What is the magnetic bearing of the NDB measured from the aircraft?
A 221°
B 208°
C 211°
D 180°

9 A Lambert conformal conic chart has a constant of the cone of 0.80.

A straight line course drawn on this chart from A (53°N 004°W) to B is 080° at A; course at B
is 092°(T).
What is the longitude of B?
A 019°E
B 008°E
C 009°36'E
D 011°E

10 Given:
True course 300°
drift 8°R
variation 10°W
deviation -4°
Calculate the compass heading.

A 322°
B 306°
C 278°
D 294°

11 Given:
True track 180°
Drift 8°R
Compass heading 195°
Deviation -2°
Calculate the variation.

A 21°W
B 25°W
C 5°W
D 9°W

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GENERAL NAVIGATION

12 Given the following:

Magnetic heading: 060°
Magnetic variation: 8°W
Drift angle: 4° right
What is the true track?
A 064°
B 056°
C 072°
D 048°

13 Given:
Course 040°(T),
TAS is 120 kt,
Wind speed 30 kt.
Maximum drift angle will be obtained for a wind direction of:
A 130°
B 145°
C 115°
D 120°

14 Given:
IAS 120 kt,
FL 80,
OAT +20°C.
What is the TAS?
A 141 kt
B 102 kt
C 120 kt
D 132 kt

15 Given:
Airport elevation is 1000 ft.
QNH is 988 hPa.
What is the approximate airport pressure altitude?
(Assume 1 hPa = 27 FT)
A 320 FT
B 1680 FT
C - 320 FT
D 680 FT

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16 An aircraft was over 'Q' at 1320 hours flying direct to 'R'.

Given:
Distance 'Q' to 'R' 3016 NM
True airspeed 480 kt
Mean wind component 'out' -90 kt
Mean wind component 'back' +75 kt
Safe endurance 10:00 HR
The distance from 'Q' to the Point of Safe Return (PSR) 'Q' is:

A 2370 NM
B 2290 NM
C 1510 NM
D 1310 NM

17 An island is observed to be 15° to the left.

The aircraft heading is 120°(M), variation 17°(W).
The bearing °(T) from the aircraft to the island is:
A 268
B 302
C 088
D 122

18 What is the effect on the Mach number and TAS in an aircraft that is climbing with constant
CAS?
A Mach number decreases; TAS decreases
B Mach number increases; TAS remains constant
C Mach number increases; TAS increases
D Mach number remains constant; TAS increases

19 An aircraft at FL370 is required to commence descent at 120 NM from a VOR and to cross
the facility at FL130. If the mean GS for the descent is 288 kt, the minimum rate of descent
required is:
A 920 FT/MIN
B 890 FT/MIN
C 860 FT/MIN
D 960 FT/MIN

20 The distance between two waypoints is 200 NM,

To calculate compass heading, the pilot used 2°E magnetic variation instead of 2°W.
Assuming that the forecast W/V applied, what will the off track distance be at the second
waypoint?
A 14 NM
B 7 NM
C 0 NM
D 21 NM

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GENERAL NAVIGATION

21 Given:
Half way between two reporting points the navigation log gives the following information:
TAS 360 kt,
W/V 330°/80kt,
Compass heading 237°,
Deviation on this heading -5°,
Variation 19°W.
What is the average ground speed for this leg?

A 403 kt
B 354 kt
C 373 kt
D 360 kt

22 (For this question use annex A)

Complete line 5 of the 'FLIGHT NAVIGATION LOG', positions 'J' to 'K'.
What is the HDG°(M) and ETA?
A HDG 337° - ETA 1422 UTC
B HDG 320° - ETA 1412 UTC
C HDG 337° - ETA 1322 UTC
D HDG 320° - ETA 1432 UTC

23 Which of the following lists the first three pages of the FMC/CDU normally used to enter data
on initial start-up of the B737-400 Electronic Flight Instrument System?
A POS INIT - RTE - IDENT
B IDENT - POS INIT - RTE
C POS INIT - RTE - DEPARTURE
D IDENT - RTE - DEPARTURE

24 The data that needs to be inserted into an Inertial Reference System in order to enable the
system to make a successful alignment for navigation is:
A airport ICAO identifier
B the position of an in-range DME
C aircraft heading
D aircraft position in latitude and longitude

25 The purpose of the TAS input, from the air data computer, to the Inertial Navigation System is
for:
A position update in Attitude mode
B the calculation of wind velocity
C the calculation of drift
D position update in Navigation mode

26 A pilot accidently turning OFF the INS in flight, and then turns it back ON a few moments later.
Following this incident:
A everything returns to normal and is usable
B the INS is usable in NAV MODE after a position update
C it can only be used for attitude reference
D no useful information can be obtained from the INS
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GENERAL NAVIGATION

27 ATT Mode of the Inertial Reference System (IRS) is a back-up mode providing:
A altitude, heading and position information
B navigation information
C only attitude information
D only attitude and heading information

28 Which of the following statements concerning the position indicated on the Inertial Reference
System (IRS) display is correct?
A The positions from the two IRSs are compared to obtain a 'best position' which is
displayed on the IRS
B It is updated when 'go-around' is selected on take-off
C It is constantly updated from information obtained by the FMC
D It is not updated once the IRS mode is set to NAV

29 What is the source of magnetic variation information in a Flight Management System (FMS)?
A The main directional gyro which is coupled to the magnetic sensor (flux valve) positioned
in the wingtip
B Magnetic variation information is stored in each IRS memory; it is applied to the true
heading calculated by the respective IRS
C Magnetic variation is calculated by each IRS based on the respective IRS position and
the aircraft magnetic heading
D The FMS calculates MH and MT from the FMC position

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GENERAL NAVIGATION

Annex A

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1. Above 64½ºN or S there will be days when the sun does not set so to see a
rising and setting sun every day the observer must be at 64ºN or S or less.
Answer C

2. Change in longitude = 110ºW + 070ºE = 180º. Shortest route is over the pole
- change of latitude: 90º 90º
-56ºN -62ºN
34º + 28º = 62º x 60 = 3,720' (nm)
Answer A

3. Change of longitude = 40ºE + 35ºW = 75º. 75º x 4 = 300 min = 5 hrs.

0243 UTC + 5 hrs = 0743 UTC. Answer A

4. 315 km = 170 nm = departure = ch.long x cos lat

Ch.long = departure = 170 = 340' = 5º40'
Cos lat cos60º
Aircraft flies from 005ºW to the East for 5º40' = 000º40'E. Answer C

5. Answer B

6. Scale on a Lamberts varies slightly with latitude but not with longitude; i.e. it is
constant along a parallel of latitude. Answer B

7. Crosses all meridians at the same angle. Answer B

8. Heading 311ºM
Bearing +270º Relative
Bearing 581ºM
- 360º
Bearing 221ºM to the NDB from the aircraft. Answer A

9. Change in track = convergency = 12º

Convergency = Ch.long. x constant of the cone (n)
Ch.long. = Convergency = 12º = 15º from 004ºW to East = 011ºE
n 0.8
Answer D

10. C D M V T
Course (track) 314º -4º(W) 310º 10ºW 300º
Drift 8ºR (Stbd)
Heading 306º -4º(W) 302º 10ºW 292º Answer B

11. C D M V T
Course (track) 203º -2º(W) 201º 21ºW 180º
Drift 8ºR (Stbd)
Heading 195º -2º(W) 193º 21ºW 172º Answer B

12. Heading 060ºM OR Heading 060ºM

Variation 8ºW Drift 4ºR
Heading 052ºT Track 064ºM
Drift 4ºR Variation 8ºW
Track 056ºT Track 056ºT Answer B

13. 040º + 90º = 130º. Answer A

ANSWERS
 NAVIGATION(1)
GENERAL NAVIGATION

14. CRP 5. Answer A

15.

pressure
elevation altitude
1,000 ft 1,675 ft
998

25 hPa x 27
= 675 ft
1013

Answer B

16. Groundspeed out (O) = 480 - 90 = 390 kts

Groundspeed home (H) = 480 + 75 = 555 kts
O+H = 945

Tine to PSR = E x H = 10 x 555 = 5.873 hrs @ 390 kts = 2,290 nm

(O +H) 945
Answer B

17. Heading = 120ºM

Variation = 17ºW
Heading = 103ºT
Bearing = 15ºL
Bearing = 088ºT from the aircraft to the island. Answer C

18. In the climb at constant CAS, TAS will increase as density decreases.
As TAS increases, Mach Number will also increase. Answer C

19. 120 nm @ 288 kts = 25 minutes. 24,000 ft = 960 ft/min

25 min Answer D

20. On CRP5: Total error (4º) on outer scale next to 60 on inner scale.
Go to distance along track (200 nm) 0n inner scale and
Read distance off track (13.3 nm) on outer scale.
Answer A

21. C D M V T
237º -5º(W) 232º 19ºW 213º
On CRP5 Centre dot over TAS (360 kts) and put on wind.
Rotate to put heading under the heading index.
Read groundspeed under wind mark. Answer A

22. On CRP5 Calculate TAS (173 kts) from CAS, FL and temperature.
Centre dot on TAS (173 kts) and put on wind, 240/30.
Put track (330ºT) under heading index and adjust for
drift (10ºS) to get heading:320ºT,variation17ºW = 337ºM.
Groundspeed is 171kt, distance 275nm, the time calculated is
1 hr 36 minutes, 12:45 UTC + 1:36 = 14:21. Answer A

ANSWERS
 NAVIGATION(1)
GENERAL NAVIGATION

23. IDENT does not require data entry, but then neither does DEPARTURE. This
question has been acknowledged as misleading, what the examiners
apparently meant was ‘What are the first three FMS pages viewed?’ On that
basis, Answer B.

24. Answer D

25. Answer B

26. Alignment would be lost by switching OFF and the system cannot be re-
aligned in flight. Answer D

27. Answer D

28. The FMC position is regularly updated but each IRS continues to calculate its
own position independently. Answer D

29. In some systems the magnetic variation is stored in the FMS but answer B is
much better than A, C or D. Answer B

ANSWERS