College of Engineering and Architecture

Electronics Engineering Department

Subject Code
First Semester, SY 2018-2019

VHF/UHF ANTENNA DESIGN

Title

Presented by

Presented to

October 23, 2018

 Title

Quagi Antenna

Introduction

A Quagi antenna is a variation on the venerable Uda-Yagi,

which dates back 1926. A Quagi antenna uses the same strategy as

a Uda-Yagi, using a refltector, a driven element, and then a

number of director elements. However, a Quagi constructs the

reflector and the driven elements as "quads" rather than as

linear elements. In a Quagi the first two elements of the

antenna are quads, the directors are all simple straight wire

elements, as in the traditional Uda-Yagi design.

The Quagi antenna is the combinations of Yagi-Uda and quad

antenna. The Quagi was originally designed on the K6YNB/N6NB

backyard antenna range in 1972, with the assistance of Will

Anderson. The need for low cost, high gain antenna for Moon

bounce Communication inspired the development of Quagi antenna.

The name Quagi is a simple contraction of Quad-Yagi. There is a

"Quad" class of antennas. They come in single elements, and as

arrays. A Quad antenna is typically a single wire formed into a

square. The dimensions of the square are adjusted so that the

antennas resonate at the intended frequency of operation. Both

the Quad and the Yagi-Uda antennas are resonant antennas. If one

tries to use them outside of their design frequency limits,

results will be poor at best. The benefits of Quagi antenna are

cheap materials, easy to build, doesn’t need advanced tools,

easy to tune, it has the same Gain as Yagi-Uda’s. Quad loop

makes excellent driving element and reflectors and best suited

for moon bounce communication.

In this antenna we made, we use 5 directors, 2 quad

reflectors and 1 driven element. The original quagi antenna boom

used is wood but in this project we used aluminum that’s why the

elements mounted on insulators above or below the boom (not

passed through a metal boom). Folded dipole used in this because

folded dipole antenna is the special type of balanced antenna.

It requires a balanced feedline or a balun to match impedance. A

dipole is 1/2 wave element fed directly with coaxial cable and

is unbalanced.

Elements

 Reflector - device that reflects electromagnetic waves.

Antenna reflectors can exist as a standalone device for

redirecting radio frequency (RF) energy, or can be

integrated as part of an antenna assembly. Any gain-

degrading factors which raise side lobes have a two-fold

effect, in that they contribute to system noise

temperature in addition to reducing gain. Aperture blockage

and deviation of reflector surface (from the designed

"ideal") are two important cases. Aperture blockage is

normally due to shadowing by feed, sub reflector and/or

support members. Deviations in reflector surfaces cause

non-uniform aperture distributions, resulting in reduced

gains.

 Driven element — an antenna element excited by means of a

transmission line. In a transmitting antenna it

 is driven or excited by the RF current from the

transmitter, and is the source of the radio waves. In a

receiving antenna it collects the incoming radio waves for

reception, and converts them to tiny oscillating electric

currents, which are applied to the receiver. Multielement

antennas like the Yagi typically consist of a driven

element, connected to the receiver or transmitter through

a feed line, and a number of other elements which are not

driven, called parasitic elements. The driven element is

often a dipole. The parasitic elements act

as resonators and couple electromagnetically with the

driven element, and serve to modify the radiation

pattern of the antenna, directing the radio waves in one

direction, increasing the gain of the antenna.

 Director — an antenna element in a parasitic array that

causes radiated energy from the driven element to be

focused along the line from the driven element to the

director. It re-radiates and again adds to or subtracts

from the radiations at the dipole, increasing or decreasing

the signal going to the receiver, depending on the

direction in which the antenna is pointing relative to the

transmitter.
 Computations

fl = 295MHz fo = (295MHz)(950MHz) = 529.3864Mhz

fu = 950 MHz ‫ג‬ = (3x108)/(529.39MHz) = 0.57m

‫ג‬/2 = 0.285m

Director 1 = (0.285 x .95) = 0.2708m

Director 2 = (0.2708 x.95) = 0.2573m

Director 3 = (0.2573 x.95) = 0.2444m

Director 4 = (0.2444 x.95) = 0.2322m

Director 5 = (0.2322 x.95) = 0.2206m

Reflector 1 = (0.285 x 1.05) = 0.2993m

Reflector 2 = (0.2993 x 1.05) = 0.3145m

Boom Length = 4ft

Spacing = (0.2 x ‫)ג‬ = (0.2 x 0.57m) = 0.114m

Radiation Pattern