PROBLEM 9.

41

Determine the moments of inertia I x and I y of the area shown with respect
to centroidal axes respectively parallel and perpendicular to side AB.

SOLUTION

First calculate the centroid C of the area

From symmetry Y = 0.6 in. + 0.9 in. = 1.5 in.

To compute X use the equation XA = ΣAx

( 3 × 5.4 ) in 2  × ( 2.7 in.) − 1 2

   2 (1.8 × 3.6 ) in  × ( 2.3 in.)
or X =
1
( 3 × 5.4 ) in 2 − (1.8 × 3.6 ) in 2
2
= 2.8 in.
The moment of inertia of the composite area is obtained by subtracting the moment of inertia of the triangle
from the moment of inertia of the rectangle
I x = ( I x )1 − ( I x )2

1
where ( I x )1 = ( 5.4 in.)( 3 in.)3 = 12.15 in 4
12
1 3
and ( I x )2 = 2  ( 3.6 in.)( 0.9 in.)  = 0.4374 in 4
12 

Then I x = (12.15 − 0.4374 ) in 4 = 11.7126 in 4

or I x = 11.71 in 4 W

Similarly, ( )1 − ( I y )2
Iy = Iy

where ( I y )1 = 121 ( 3 in.)( 5.4 in.)3 + (3 × 5.4) in 2  ( 2.8 in. − 2.7 in.)2
= 39.582 in 4
 PROBLEM 9.41 CONTINUED

and ( I y )2 = 361 (1.8 in.)( 3.6 in.)3 +  12 (1.8)( 3.6) in 2  ( 2.8 in. − 2.3 in.)2
= 3.1428 in 4

Then I y = ( 39.582 − 3.1428 ) in 4 = 36.4392 in 4

or I y = 36.4 in 4 W
 PROBLEM 9.42

Determine the moments of inertia I x and I y of the area shown with respect
to centroidal axes respectively parallel and perpendicular to side AB.

SOLUTION
By symmetry X = 0.9 in.
Have AY = ΣyA

1
Where A = (1.8 in.)(1.4 in.) + (1.8 in.)( 2.1 in.)
2

= ( 2.52 + 1.89 ) in 2 = 4.41 in 2

Then ( 4.41 in ) Y 2
( ) (
= ( 0.7 in.) 2.52 in 2 + ( 2.1 in.) 1.89 in 2 )
= 5.733 in 3
or Y = 1.3 in.
Now I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2

1
where ( I x )1 = (1.8 in.)(1.4 in.)3
12

( )
+ 2.52 in 2 (1.3 in. − 0.7 in.) = 1.3188 in 4
2

1
And ( I x )2 = (1.8 in.)( 2.1 in.)3
36

( )
+ 1.89 in 2 ( 2.1 in. − 1.3 in.) = 1.67265 in 4
2

Then I x = (1.3188 + 1.67265 ) in 4 = 2.99145 in 4

or I x = 2.99 in 4 W

Also Iy = Iy( )1 + ( I y )2
where ( I y )1 = 121 (1.4 in.)(1.8 in.)3 = 0.6804 in 4
PROBLEM 9.42 CONTINUED

and ( I y )2 = 2  361 ( 2.1 in.)( 0.9 in.)3

1  2
+  × 1.89 in 2  ( 0.3 in.)  = 0.25515 in 4
2  

Then I y = ( 0.6804 + 0.25515 ) in 4

or I y = 0.936 in 4 W
 PROBLEM 9.43

Determine the moments of inertia I x and I y of the area shown with respect
to centroidal axes respectively parallel and perpendicular to side AB.

SOLUTION

A = A1 − A2
= (100 mm )(160 mm ) − ( 40 mm )(100 mm )

= (16 000 − 4000 ) mm 2

= 12 000 mm 2
First locate the centroid:
Have AX = ΣAx

or (12 000 mm ) X = (16 000)(50) − ( 4000 )( 38) mm

2 3
= 648 000 mm3

648 000 mm3

or X = = 54 mm
12 000 mm 2

And AY = ΣAy

or (12 000 mm ) Y 2
= (16 000 )( 86 ) − ( 4000 )( 86 )  mm3 = 936 000 mm3

936 000 mm3

or Y = = 78 mm
12 000 mm 2
 PROBLEM 9.43 CONTINUED

Now I x = ( I x )1 − ( I x )2

where ( I x )1 =
1
12
( )
( 40 mm )(100 mm )3 + 16 000 mm2 (80 mm − 78 mm )2

= 34.197 × 106 mm 4

( I x )2 =
1
12
( )
( 40 mm )(100 mm )3 + 4000 mm2 ( 80 mm − 78 mm )2

= 3.5893 × 106 mm 4

Then I x = ( 34.197 − 3.5893) × 106 mm 4

or I x = 30.6 × 106 mm 4 W

Also ( )1 − ( I y )2
Iy = Iy

where ( I y )1 = 121 (160 mm )(100 mm )3 + (16 000 mm2 ) ( 54 mm − 50 mm )2 = 13.589 × 106 mm4
( I y )2 = 121 (100 mm )( 40 mm )3 + ( 4000 mm2 ) ( 54 mm − 38 mm )2 = 1.5573 × 106 mm4
Then I y = (13.589 − 1.5573) × 106 mm 4

or I y = 12.03 × 106 mm 4 W
 PROBLEM 9.44

Determine the moments of inertia I x and I y of the area shown with respect to
centroidal axes respectively parallel and perpendicular to side AB.

SOLUTION

First locate centroid x1 = 160 mm y1 = 60 mm

A1 = 320 mm × 120 mm = 38 400 mm 2

x2 = −30 mm y2 = 40 mm

A2 = 60 mm × 80 mm = 4800 mm 2

x3 = 280 mm y3 = −105 mm

A3 = 80 mm × 210 mm = 16 800 mm 2

ΣxA
Then X =
ΣA
160 ( 38 400 ) − 30 ( 4800 ) + 280 (16 800 )  mm3
= 
( 38 400 + 4800 + 16 800 ) mm 2
= 178.4 mm

ΣyA
And Y =
ΣA
60 ( 38 400 ) + 40 ( 4800 ) − 105 (16 800 )  mm3
= 
( 38 400 + 4800 + 16 800 ) mm 2
= 12.20 mm
 PROBLEM 9.44 CONTINUED

Then I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2 + ( I x )3

1
( ) 2
=  ( 320 mm )(120 mm ) + 38 400 mm 2 ( 60 mm − 12.2 mm ) 
12
3

1
( ) 2
+  ( 60 mm )( 80 mm ) + 4800 mm 2 ( 40 mm − 12.2 mm ) 
 12
3

1
( ) 2
+  ( 80 mm )( 210 mm ) + 16 800 mm 2 (105 mm + 12.2 mm ) 
 12
3

= ( 46.080 + 87.7379 ) + ( 2.5600 + 3.7096 ) + ( 61.7400 + 230.7621)  × 106 mm 4

= 432.5896 × 106 mm 4

or I x = 433 × 106 mm 4 W

And Iy = Iy( )1 + ( I y )2 + ( I y )3
1
( ) 2
=  (120 mm )( 320 mm ) + 38 400 mm 2 (178.4 mm − 160 mm ) 
 12
3

1
( ) 2
+  ( 80 mm )( 60 mm ) + 4800 mm 2 ( 30 mm + 178.4 mm ) 
 12
3

1
12
3
( )
+  ( 210 mm )( 80 mm ) + 16 800 mm 2 ( 280 mm − 178.4 mm ) 
2


= ( 327.6800 + 13.0007 ) + (1.4400 + 208.4667 ) + ( 8.9600 + 173.4190 )  × 106 mm 4

= 732.9664 × 106 mm 4

or I y = 733 × 106 mm 4 W
 PROBLEM 9.45

Determine the polar moment of inertia of the area shown with respect to
(a) point O, (b) the centroid of the area.

SOLUTION

First locate centroid C of the area

A, in 2 y , in. yA, in 3

π
1 ( 2.7 )(1.8) = 7.6341 0.76394 5.8319
2
π
2 − ( 0.9 )2 = −1.2723 0.38197 0.4860
2
Σ 6.3618 5.3460

5.3460 in 2
Then Y ΣA = ΣyA: Y = = 0.84033 in.
6.3618 in 2

π π
(a) J O = ( J O )1 − ( J O )2 = ( 2.7 in.)(1.8 in.) ( 2.7 )2 + (1.8)2  in 2 − ( 0.9 in.)4
8 4

= 19.5814 in 4

or J O = 19.58 in 4 W

JO = JC + A ( y )
2
(b)

or ( )
J C = 19.5814 in 4 − 6.3618 in 2 ( 0.84033 in.) = 15.0890 in 4
2

J C = 15.09 in 4 W
 PROBLEM 9.46

Determine the polar moment of inertia of the area shown with respect to
(a) point O, (b) the centroid of the area.

SOLUTION

First locate centroid

Symmetry implies Y =0
x1 = 0 A1 = π ( 20 in.)(12 in.)

= ( 240π ) in 2

4 ( 9 in.)
x2 = = (12π ) in.
3π
π
A2 = − ( 9 in.)2 = − ( 40.5π ) in 2
2
4 ( 6 in.) 8
x3 = − = − in.
3π π
π
A3 = − ( 6 in.)2 = − (18π ) in 2
2

( 0 ) ( 240π in 2 ) + (12π ( ) ( −18π in )

8 in.
in.) −40.5π in 2 − 2
ΣxA π
Then X = =
ΣA 240π in 2 − 40.5π in 2 − 18π in 2

−486 in 3 + 144 in 3 −342 in 3

= = = −0.59979 in.
181.5π in 2 181.5π in 2
 PROBLEM 9.46 CONTINUED

(a) Have J O = ( J O )1 − ( J O )2 − ( J O )3

π π π
= ( 20 in.)(12 in.) ( 20 in.)2 + (12 in.)2  −  ( 9 in.)4  −  ( 6 in.)4 
4 4  4 

= π ( 32640 − 1640.25 − 324.00 ) in 4 = 96,371 in 4

or J O = 96.4 × 103 in 4 W

(b) Have J O = J C + Ax 2

Then ( )
J C = 96,371 in 4 − 181.5π in 2 ( −0.59979 in.)
2

= 96,371 in 4 − 204.5629 in 4 = 96,166.4379 in 4

or J C = 96.2 × 103 in 4 W
 PROBLEM 9.47

Determine the polar moment of inertia of the area shown with respect to
(a) point O, (b) the centroid of the area.

SOLUTION

A, mm 2 y , mm yA, mm3

π
1 (120 )2 = 22 619.5 50.9296 1.1520 × 106
2
1
2 − ( 240 )( 90 ) = −10 800 30 −0.324 × 106
2

Σ 11 819.5 0.828 × 106

ΣAY 0.828 × 106 mm3

Now Y = = = 70.054 mm
ΣA 11819.5 mm 2

(a) J O = ( J O )1 − ( J O )2

π
where ( J O )1 =
4
(120 mm ) = 162.86 × 10
4 6
mm 4

( J O )2 = ( I x′ ) 2 + ( I y ′ ) 2 ( 240 mm )( 90 mm )3 + 2  ( 90 mm )(120 mm )3 
1 1
and =
12  12 

= 40.5 × 106 mm 4

Then J O = (162.86 − 40.5 ) × 106 mm 4 = 122.36 × 106 mm 4

or J O = 122.4 × 106 mm 4 W
 PROBLEM 9.47 CONTINUED

(b) J O = J C + Ay 2

or ( )
J C = 122.36 × 106 mm 4 − 11 819.5 mm 2 ( 70.054 mm )
2

= (122.36 − 58.005 )106 mm 4

or J C = 64.4 × 106 mm 4 W
 PROBLEM 9.48

Determine the polar moment of inertia of the area shown with respect to
(a) point O, (b) the centroid of the area.

SOLUTION

First locate centroid

x1 = 100 mm y1 = −28.75 mm

A1 = ( 400 mm )( 57.5 mm ) = 23 000 mm 2

x2 = 100 mm y2 = 80 mm

1
A2 = ( 300 mm )( 240 mm ) = 36 000 mm2
2
x3 = 50 mm y3 = 40 mm

1
A3 = − (150 mm )(120 mm ) = −9000 mm2
2

Then X =
( ) ( )
ΣxA (100 mm ) 23 000 mm + (100 mm ) 36 000 mm + ( 50 mm ) −9000 mm
=
2 2 2
( )
ΣA 23 000 mm 2 + 36 000 mm 2 − 9000 mm 2

=
( 2.3 + 3.6 − 0.45) × 106 mm3 = 109.0 mm
50 × 103 mm 2

And Y =
( ) ( )
ΣyA ( −28.75 mm ) 23 000 mm + ( 80 mm ) 36 000 mm + ( 40 mm ) −9000 mm
=
2 2 2
( )
ΣA 50 × 103 mm 2

=
( −661.25 + 2880 − 360 ) × 103 mm3 = 37.175 mm
50 × 103 mm 2
 PROBLEM 9.48 CONTINUED

(a) Now JO = I x + I y

where I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2 − ( I x )3

1
( I x )1 = ( 400 mm )( 57.5 mm )3 = 25.3479 × 106 mm 4
3
1
( I x )2 = ( 300 mm )( 240 mm )3 = 345.6000 × 106 mm 4
12
1
( I x )3 = (150 mm )(120 mm )3 = 21.6000 × 106 mm4
12

Then I x = ( 25.3479 + 345.6000 − 21.6000 ) × 106 mm 4

= 349.348 × 106 mm 4

Also Iy = Iy( )1 + ( I y )2 − ( I y )3
where ( I y )1 = 121 ( 57.5 mm )( 400 mm )3 + ( 23 000 mm2 ) (100 mm )2
= ( 306.6667 + 230.0000 ) × 106 mm 4 = 536.6667 × 106 mm 4

( I y )2 = 121 ( 240 mm )( 300 mm )3 = 540.0000 × 106 mm4

( I y )3 = 121 (150 mm )(120 mm )3 = 33.7500 × 106 mm4
Then I y = ( 536.6667 + 540 − 33.75 ) × 106 mm 4 = 1042.917 × 106 mm 4

Finally, J O = ( 349.348 + 1042.917 ) × 106 mm 4 = 1392.265 × 106 mm 4

or J O = 1392 × 106 mm 4 W
2 2
(b) Have J O = J C + Ad 2 where d2 = X + Y

Then (  )
J C = 1392.265 × 106 mm 4 − 50 × 103 mm 2 (109.0 mm ) + ( 37.175 mm ) 
2 2


= (1392.265 − 594.050 − 69.099 ) × 106 mm 4

= 729.1660 × 106 mm 4

or J C = 729 × 106 mm 4 W
 PROBLEM 9.49

Two 1-in. steel plates are welded to a rolled S section as shown. Determine
the moments of inertia and the radii of gyration of the section with respect
to the centroidal x and y axes.

SOLUTION
S-section

A = 14.7 in 2

I x = 305 in 4

I y = 15.7 in 4

A = AS + 2 Aplate

= 14.7 in 2 + 2 ( 8 in.)(1 in.) = 30.7 in 2

Ix = Ix( )S + 2 ( I x )plate
 ( 8 in.)(1 in.)3 
+ ( 8 in.)(1 in.)( 6.5 in.) 
2
= 305 in 4 + 2 
 12 

= ( 305 + 677.33) in 4 = 982.33 in 4

or I x = 9.82 in 4 W

Ix 982.33 in 4
and k x2 = = 4
= 31.998 in 2
A 30.7 in

or k x = 5.66 in. W

 (1 in.)( 8 in.)3 
Also ( )S
Iy = Iy ( )plate
+ 2 Iy = 15.7 in 4 + 2 
 12



= (15.7 + 85.333) in 4 = 101.03 in 4

or I y = 101.0 in 4 W

Iy 101.03 in 4
and k y2 = = = 3.29098 in 2
A 30.7 in 2

or k y = 1.814 in. W
 PROBLEM 9.50

To form a reinforced box section, two rolled W sections and two plates are
welded together. Determine the moments of inertia and the radii of gyration
of the combined section with respect to the centroidal axes shown.

SOLUTION
W-section

A = 7.08 in 2

I x = 18.3 in 4

I y = 82.8 in 4

A = 2 AW + 2 Aplate

= 2 7.08 in 2 + ( 7.93 in.)( 0.3 in.) 

= 18.918 in 2
Now

( )W
Ix = 2 Ix ( )plate
+ 2 Ix

  6.495 in.  
2
(
= 2 18.3 in 4 + 7.08 in 2 
 2
)  
 


 ( 7.93 in.)( 0.3 in.)3 

2
+ 2 + ( 7.93 in.)( 0.3 in.)  ( 6.495 in. + 0.15 in.) 
 12 

= 2 92.967 in 4  + 2 105.07 in 4  = 396.07 in 4

or I x = 396 in 4 W

Ix 396.07 in 4
and k x2 = = 2
= 20.936 in 2
A 18.918 in

or k x = 4.58 in. W
PROBLEM 9.50 CONTINUED

Also

( )W + 2 ( I y )plate
Iy = 2 Iy

 ( 0.3 in.)( 7.93 in.)3 

(
= 2 82.8 in 4
) + 2
 12
 = (165.60 + 24.9339 ) in 4


= 190.53 in 4

or I y = 190.5 in 4 W

Iy 190.53 in 4
and k y2 = = = 10.072
A 18.918 in 2

or k x = 3.17 in. W