Advertising

Vocabulary /Phrase Meaning

advertising budget
“below-the-line” advertising
direct mail
billboards
in-store promotions
telemarketing
sponsoring events

advertising entices children to drink and smoke

marketing campaigns
to shape preferences
to promote junk food on television
to impose restrictions on the marketing of
tobacco and alcohol
to ban adverts
to hook children
food promotion
conventional commercials
children’s exposure to junk-food marketing
children’s vulnerability
a splendid audience
the influence of marketing on minors
legislation to curb marketing to children ,

children might be manipulated by a commercial

such marketing contributes to childhood obesity

children are gullible
to shield children from marketing
product placement ( )
glossy magazine ads
consumers can be targeted by internet
advertisers
a surge in online advertising
getting value for money

consumers are becoming far more sophisticated

“viral” marketing
consumer resistance to the growing
intrusiveness of advertising
people often reject traditional ads
unscrupulous marketing techniques
unethical marketing
the companies violate ethical marketing codes
drug companies make inaccurate claims about
the safety

doctors are offered incentives to prescribe drugs

misleading information
 Art
Vocabulary/Phrase Meaning
free entry
to merit an entry fee
to marvel at modern masterworks
ticketing practices
a sign at the ticketing line
$25 adult admission fee $25
in the UK, all national museums are free
museums focused on generating revenue

museums should be free community resources

still-life paintings

some museums do not charge general admission

others tend to charge high entry fees

strong government grant programmes
private donations
a revived culture of philanthropy

many scientists are very appreciative of the arts

aesthetic experience
to bring creativity and out-of-the-box
thinking into other disciplines
science and art have different ways of
explaining the world

great composers are still recognizable to most people

a decline in concert attendance and funding

plenty of symphonic orchestras
professional choirs
art connoisseur [kn's]
choral and orchestral pieces are used in
popular movies
film composers
to expand musical horizons
to live in harmony with the global patterns
of life
music can provide a model for the renewal
of human consciousness
the importance of artistic freedom
an inhibitor to artistic freedom
freedom of expression
art mirrors the culture
art can be troubling
a matter of taste
intelligent, rational viewers of art

to remove certain artworks from public display

to censor exhibitions
voluntary curtailment of expression
free communication is essential to the
preservation of a free society
suppression of artistic expression leads to
conformity and the stifling of freedom
public investment in the arts can yield both cultural
and economic dividends
Britain is now bursting with quality museums and
theatres
the arts are essential to a healthy society
state funding creates dependency

state funding of the arts can cause them to stagnate

Britain’s mixed funding model for the arts

 Education
Vocabulary/Phrase Meaning
top-tier institutions
MOOCs, massive open online courses
MOOCs have multiplied in number
traditional institutions
high drop-out rates
graduate diplomas
professional degree
job prospects
ultimate payoff
financial burden
enormous endowments ()
less affluent students
recent graduates with bachelor’s degrees
are
among the most indebted
enrollment more than doubled 2
to keep pace with the growing student body

state-subsidized higher education ,

to become mired in a financial morass
sharp increases in tuition

regardless of their financial circumstances

talented alumni
grants and scholarships
optimistic rhetoric of campus tours
salesmanlike admissions officers

ever-escalating price of a college degree

marking criteria
exams can encourage surface learning
a possibility of plagiarism
to perform significantly better
students are tempted to cheat

to attain proficiency in another language

the optimal age for language learning
there are cognitive benefits to early
childhood bilingualism
to demonstrate academic gains in other
areas
to have advantages in relation to their
monolingual peers
academic achievement
the global economy increasingly values
specialists over generalists
tremendous educational value
the value of college connections
to broaden horizons

to strengthen analytic and reasoning skills