Bilal Azhar 2015 – CIV – 91 Section B

EXPERIMENT #1:
TO DETERMINE MANNING’S ROUGHNESS CO-EFFICIENT “n” AND
CHEZY’S CO-EFFICIENT “C” IN OPEN CHANNEL.
1. OBJECTIVE:
The main purpose of this experiment is to find out Manning’s Roughness co-efficient “n” and
Chezy’s co-efficient “c” in open channel.

2. APPARATUS:
 Tilting Flume.
 Manometer.
 Point Gauge.
3. RELATED THEORY:
3.1. TILTING FLUME:
A flume is a human made channel for water in the form of an open declined gravity chute whose
walls are raised above the surrounding terrain, in contrast to a trench or ditch. The tilting flume is
designed to conduct various experiments at various bed slopes from in upstream and downstream.
The flume has as a Perspex window to visualize the flow over models fixed in flume. The flume
is provided with gates on upstream and downstream side to control flow. Students can thus
conduct the experiments and visualize the flow.
3.2. MANOMETER:
Manometer is an instrument which is used for measuring the pressure acting on column of fluid,
consisting of U-shaped tube of liquid in which difference in the pressure acting in the two arms of
the tube causes the liquid to reach different heights in two arms.
3.3. POINT GAUGE:
Point gauge is an instrument which is used to measure water levels. It consist of an adjustable,
pointed metallic rod that is lowered unit it just pierces the water surface.
3.3. MANNING’S EQUATION:
The Manning’s Equation is written as follows:
𝐀 𝟏
Q= × R2/3 × S1/2 (⸪ velocity = v = 𝒏 × R2/3 × S1/2 )
𝐧
Where,
Q = flow rate.
A = Cross-sectional Area of flow.
R = Hydraulics radius (cross-section area divided by wetted perimeter).
S = Slope of the channel at the point of measurement.
n = Surface roughness (based upon channel material and condition).
3.4. CHEZY’S EQUATION:
The Chezy’s Equation is shown as follows:
Q = CA × √𝑹𝑺 (⸪ velocity = v = C√𝑹𝑺)
Where,
Q = flow rate.
A = Cross-sectional Area of flow.
R = Hydraulics radius (cross-section area divided by wetted perimeter).
S = Slope of the channel at the point of measurement.
C = Chezy’s co-efficient.
Bilal Azhar 2015 – CIV – 91 Section B

4. PROCEDURE:
 Turn on the apparatus.
 Allow the water in the flume to stabilize so that the flow becomes uniform that is the depth
and velocity of flow becomes constant.
 Set the slope of the flow in the glow tilted flume.
 Note the reading from the manometer. The manometric difference will give you the total
velocity of flow v.
 Measure the depth at 3 different locations for each discharge value.
 Measure the hydraulic radius of the area.
 Determine the roughness co-efficient of Manning’s and Chezy’s using their respective
equations.