Technological Institute of the Philippines

Electronics Engineering Department

Terminations, Simple Cases

Experiment No. 1

Ö
OBJECTIVES:
1. To demonstrate that there is a particular impedance, the characteristic impedance
which absorbs the signal coming along the line.
2. To demonstrate that reflection occurs if the line is not correctly terminated.
3. To prepare the students for the theory of reflection at discontinuities.
Course Code/Section: ECE 503/ECE51FC1
Group No.: 4
Members: Signature Interpretation of Data Conclusion Overall
and Results
Lab Grade

Jornadal, Sherwin F.

Lo, Gerardo L.

Pascua, Yves Exequiel M.

Pineda, Marc Bjorn B.

Romero, John Anthony A.

Santos, Kyle Joshua Dubbiel C.

Secretario, Joelo A.

Data and Results Group Grade:

Question and Answer Group Grade:

Engr. Dennis Jefferson Amora

Instructor

Date Performed: June 27, 2018

Date of Submitted: July 04, 2018
Data and Results

(a) (b)

Figure 1. This figure shows the signal in the transmission line with a matched characteristic and
load impedance: (a) generated signal, and (b) transmitted signal.

(a) (b)

(c)
Figure 2. This figure shows the signal in the transmission line with open-circuit load case: (a)
generated signal, (b) transmitted signal, and (c) reflected signal.

(a) (b)

(c)
Figure 3. This figure shows the signal in the transmission line with short-circuit load case: (a)
generated signal, (b) transmitted signal, and (c) reflected signal.
Figure 4. This figure shows the superimposed signal produced by two opposing incident signals
with case of matching impedances.

(b)
(a)

(c)

Figure 5. This figure shows the signal in the transmission line with 200- Ω load case: (a)
generated signal, (b) transmitted signal, and (c) reflected signal.

(a) (b)

(c)
Figure 6. This figure shows the signal in the transmission line with 1.8- kΩ load case: (a)
generated signal, (b) transmitted signal, and (c) reflected signal.

Table 1. This table shows the expected reflection coefficient (τ) of each respective case above.
 Case Characteristic Load Impedance Expected
Impedance Zo (Ω) ZL (Ω) Reflection
Coefficient
Matched 600 600 0
Open 600 max 1
Short 600 0 -1
ZL=200Ω 600 200 -0.5
ZL=1.8kΩ 600 1.8k 0.5

Expected Reflection Coefficient:

𝒁𝑳 − 𝒁𝒐
𝝉=
𝒁𝑳 + 𝒁𝒐
*Matched *Short * ZL=1.8kΩ
600−600 0 0−600 −600 1800−600 1200
𝜏 = 600+600 = 1200 = 𝟎 𝜏 = 0+600 = 600 = −𝟏 𝜏 = 1800+600 = 2400 = 𝟎. 𝟓

*Open * ZL=200Ω
𝑚𝑎𝑥−600 𝑚𝑎𝑥 200−600 −400
𝜏 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥+600 ≈ 𝑚𝑎𝑥 ≈ 𝟏 𝜏 = 200+600 = 800 = −𝟎. 𝟓

Table 2. This table shows the actual reflection coefficient (τ) of each respective case above.
Case Incident Reflected Transmitted Actual
Voltage Vi Voltage Vr Voltage Vt Reflection
(V) (V) (V) Coefficient
Matched 2 0 2 0
Open 2 2 4 1
Short 2 -2 0 -1
ZL=200Ω 2 -1 1 -0.5
ZL=1.8kΩ 2 1 3 0.5

Actual Reflection Coefficient:

𝑽𝒓
𝝉=
𝑽𝒊
*Matched * ZL=200Ω
0 1
𝜏=2=𝟎 𝜏 = − 2 = −𝟎. 𝟓

*Open * ZL=1.8kΩ
2 1
𝜏=2=𝟏 𝜏 = 2 = 𝟎. 𝟓

*Short
2
𝜏 = − 2 = −𝟏
Interpretation of Data and Results (Individual)

Jornadal:

Lo:

Pascua:
When the case is match there would be no reflection produce. When the case is open-circuit the
ZL is infinite so the reflection is 100% and it’s an in phase so the reflection is positive. When the
case is short-circuit the ZL is 0 so the reflection is also 100% but it’s an out phase so the reflection
is negative. When the case is matched superposed the produce voltage will intersect and have a
100% reflection. When the ZL=200 the reflection is negative one half. Lastly when the ZL=1.8K
the reflection is positive one half.

Pineda:

Romero:

Santos:

Secretario:
CONCLUSION (Individual)

Jornadal:

Lo:

Pascua:
Having the experiment completed, I was able to assert the following: When the ZL is less than ZO
it is IN Phase so the reflection is positive. When the ZL is greater than ZO it is OUT Phase so the
reflection is negative. And lastly when ZO=ZL it is Match and has no reflection.

Pineda:

Romero:

Santos:

Secretario:
QUESTIONS and ANSWERS (GROUP)

1. Why do we need to terminate a line at its characteristic impedance? What are the effects of not
doing so?

2. What are the effects of terminating a line with an open-circuit? A short circuit?

3. Which is more efficient to use, an open-circuit/short-circuit stub to match a line?