PERCEPTION OF PLASTIC BAN IN DELHI

Business Research Methods I

LAKSHYA SAJNANI (41)

SUYASH DHANDE (19)
ANJALI KALLIKADA (10)
DIVYA YADAV (20)
 One-Way ANOVA
Objective: Identify the perception of plastic bags ban in Delhi wrt age.

Justification: The views about plastic bags since the ban is on interval scale and ages are on
nominal scale with more than 2 options, so we can use One-Way ANOVA to solve the above
objective.

Data Analysis:

Assumptions

H0: There is no significance difference in the perception of plastic bags ban in Delhi wrt age, i.e. µ<18
Years = µ18-30 Years = µ31-50 Years

H1: There is no significance difference in the perception of plastic bags ban in Delhi wrt age, i.e. µ<18
Years ≠ µ18-30 Years ≠ µ31-50 Years

ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

What are your views about Between Groups 7.041 2 3.520 1.947 .156
plastic bags since the ban Within Groups 74.118 41 1.808
[Plastic Bag is must when Total
81.159 43
buying groceries/vegetables ]
[Plastic Bag is harmful for Between Groups 5.426 2 2.713 4.088 .024
environment] Within Groups 27.211 41 .664
Total 32.636 43
[I do not wish to quit using Between Groups .526 2 .263 .191 .827
Plastic Bags] Within Groups 56.474 41 1.377
Total 57.000 43
[I try to avoid Plastic Bags as Between Groups 6.675 2 3.337 2.789 .073
much as I can] Within Groups 49.053 41 1.196
Total 55.727 43
[Plastic Bag Ban is not Between Groups 3.291 2 1.645 1.992 .149
enforced properly] Within Groups 33.868 41 .826
Total 37.159 43
[Paper Bag is not a useful Between Groups 9.334 2 4.667 2.875 .068
substitute for plastic bag ] Within Groups 66.553 41 1.623
Total 75.886 43
Interpretation:

From the above table it is observed that at 5% level of significance, the p-value is greater than α (0.05) for
all values except for Plastic Bag is harmful for environment so we do not reject H0. So we can say that there
is no difference in the average perception of plastic bags ban in Delhi wrt age for Plastic Bag is must
when buying groceries/vegetables, I do not wish to quit using Plastic Bags, I try to avoid Plastic
Bags as much as I can, Plastic Bag Ban is not enforced properly, Paper Bag is not a useful substitute
for plastic bag.

From the above table it is observed that at 5% level of significance, the p-value (0.024) is less than α (0.05)
so we reject H0. So we can say that there is a difference in the perception of plastic bags ban in Delhi
wrt age for Plastic Bag is harmful for environment.

Further, to identify in which age groups the difference exist, we will apply 2 independent sample test
between below 18 Years & 18 to 30 Years; below 18 Years & 31 to 50 Years; and 18 to 30 Years & 31 to
50 Years

Education Level Hypothesis p-value Decision

Below 18 Years & 18 to Hoa: µ<18 YEARS = µ18-30 .533 p>α

30 Years (1 & 2) YEARS
Do not reject H0a
H1a: µ<18 YEARS ≠ µ18-30
YEARS

Below 18 Years & 31 to Hob: µ<18 YEARS = µ31-50 0.312 p>α

50 Years. YEARS
(1 & 3) Do not reject H0b
H1b: µ<18 YEARS ≠ µ31-50
YEARS

18 to 30 Years & 31 to Hoc: µ18-30 YEARS = µ31-50 0.265 p>α

50 Years (2 & 3) YEARS
Do not reject H0b
H1c: µ18-30 YEARS ≠ µ31-50
YEARS

From the above table it is observed that there is no difference in the perception of plastic bags ban
in Delhi wrt age for Plastic Bag is harmful for environment.

Therefore we can conclude that there is no difference in the perception of plastic bags ban in Delhi
wrt age.
 Two-Way ANOVA
Objective: Identify the perception of plastic bags ban in Delhi wrt age and gender.

Justification: The views about plastic bags since the ban is on interval scale and age and gender
are on nominal scale, so we can use Two-Way ANOVA to solve the above objective.

Data Analysis:

Assumptions

I. Age

H0: There is no significance difference in the perception of plastic bags ban in Delhi wrt age, i.e. µ<18
Years = µ18-30 Years = µ31-50 Years

H1: There is no significance difference in the perception of plastic bags ban in Delhi wrt age, i.e. µ<18
Years ≠ µ18-30 Years ≠ µ31-50 Years

II. Gender

H0: There is no significance difference in the perception of plastic bags ban in Delhi wrt gender, i.e.
µM = µ F
H1: There is no significance difference in the perception of plastic bags ban in Delhi wrt gender, i.e.
µM ≠ µ F

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Type III Sum Mean

Source Dependent Variable of Squares df Square F Sig.
Corrected What are your views about plastic bags since the
Model ban [Plastic Bag is must when buying 9.646a 4 2.412 1.315 .281
groceries/vegetables ]

[Plastic Bag is harmful for environment] 5.604b 4 1.401 2.021 .110

[I do not wish to quit using Plastic Bags] 9.404c 4 2.351 1.926 .125

[I try to avoid Plastic Bags as much as I can] 6.823d 4 1.706 1.360 .265

[Plastic Bag Ban is not enforced properly] 3.454e 4 .863 .999 .420

[Paper Bag is not a useful substitute for plastic bag ] 12.508f 4 3.127 1.924 .126
Intercept What are your views about plastic bags since the
ban [Plastic Bag is must when buying 107.016 1 107.016 58.362 .000
groceries/vegetables ]
[Plastic Bag is harmful for environment] 24.476 1 24.476 35.312 .000
[I do not wish to quit using Plastic Bags] 132.250 1 132.250 108.365 .000
[I try to avoid Plastic Bags as much as I can] 50.547 1 50.547 40.311 .000
[Plastic Bag Ban is not enforced properly] 28.986 1 28.986 33.539 .000
[Paper Bag is not a useful substitute for plastic bag ] 62.568 1 62.568 38.501 .000
age What are your views about plastic bags since the
ban [Plastic Bag is must when buying 8.257 2 4.128 2.251 .119
groceries/vegetables ]
[Plastic Bag is harmful for environment] 3.876 2 1.938 2.796 .073
[I do not wish to quit using Plastic Bags] 3.259 2 1.629 1.335 .275
[I try to avoid Plastic Bags as much as I can] 6.363 2 3.181 2.537 .092
[Plastic Bag Ban is not enforced properly] 2.474 2 1.237 1.431 .251
[Paper Bag is not a useful substitute for plastic bag ] 7.226 2 3.613 2.223 .122
Gender What are your views about plastic bags since the
ban [Plastic Bag is must when buying 1.070 1 1.070 .583 .450
groceries/vegetables ]
[Plastic Bag is harmful for environment] .010 1 .010 .015 .904
[I do not wish to quit using Plastic Bags] 8.824 1 8.824 7.230 .010
[I try to avoid Plastic Bags as much as I can] .009 1 .009 .007 .935
[Plastic Bag Ban is not enforced properly] .009 1 .009 .011 .918
[Paper Bag is not a useful substitute for plastic bag ] .182 1 .182 .112 .740
age * What are your views about plastic bags since the
Gender ban [Plastic Bag is must when buying .115 1 .115 .063 .804
groceries/vegetables ]
[Plastic Bag is harmful for environment] .010 1 .010 .015 .904
[I do not wish to quit using Plastic Bags] 6.359 1 6.359 5.210 .028
[I try to avoid Plastic Bags as much as I can] .009 1 .009 .007 .935
[Plastic Bag Ban is not enforced properly] .009 1 .009 .011 .918
[Paper Bag is not a useful substitute for plastic bag ] .182 1 .182 .112 .740
Error What are your views about plastic bags since the
ban [Plastic Bag is must when buying 71.513 39 1.834
groceries/vegetables ]
[Plastic Bag is harmful for environment] 27.032 39 .693
[I do not wish to quit using Plastic Bags] 47.596 39 1.220
[I try to avoid Plastic Bags as much as I can] 48.904 39 1.254
 [Plastic Bag Ban is not enforced properly] 33.705 39 .864
[Paper Bag is not a useful substitute for plastic bag ] 63.378 39 1.625
Total What are your views about plastic bags since the
ban [Plastic Bag is must when buying 425.000 44
groceries/vegetables ]
[Plastic Bag is harmful for environment] 120.000 44
[I do not wish to quit using Plastic Bags] 596.000 44
[I try to avoid Plastic Bags as much as I can] 394.000 44
[Plastic Bag Ban is not enforced properly] 179.000 44
[Paper Bag is not a useful substitute for plastic bag ] 515.000 44
Corrected What are your views about plastic bags since the
Total ban [Plastic Bag is must when buying 81.159 43
groceries/vegetables ]

[Plastic Bag is harmful for environment] 32.636 43

[I do not wish to quit using Plastic Bags] 57.000 43

[I try to avoid Plastic Bags as much as I can] 55.727 43

[Plastic Bag Ban is not enforced properly] 37.159 43

[Paper Bag is not a useful substitute for plastic bag ] 75.886 43

a. R Squared = .119 (Adjusted R Squared = .028)

b. R Squared = .172 (Adjusted R Squared = .087)
c. R Squared = .165 (Adjusted R Squared = .079)
d. R Squared = .122 (Adjusted R Squared = .032)
e. R Squared = .093 (Adjusted R Squared = .000)
f. R Squared = .165 (Adjusted R Squared = .079)

Interpretation:

From the above table it is observed that at 5% level of significance, the p-value is greater than α (0.05) for
all values except for I do not wish to quit using Plastic Bags for gender and age*gender so we do not reject
H0.

From the above table it is observed that at 5% level of significance, the p-values are less than α (0.05) so
we reject H0. So we can say that there is a difference in the perception of plastic bags ban in Delhi wrt
gender and age*gender for I do not wish to quit using Plastic Bags

Post hoc analysis:

Further, we will apply 2 independent sample test between genders and I do not wish to quit using Plastic
Bags as one is on the nominal and the other is on the interval scale.
 Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test
for Equality of
Variances t-test for Equality of Means

95% Confidence

Sig. Interval of the

(2- Mean Std. Error Difference

F Sig. t df tailed) Difference Difference Lower Upper

[I do not Equal
-
wish to variances .192 .663 42 .200 -.49132 .37740 -1.25293 .27030
1.302
quit using assumed
Plastic Equal
Bags] variances -
24.628 .189 -.49132 .36326 -1.24005 .25742
not 1.352
assumed

From the above table it is observed that there is no difference in the perception of plastic bags ban
in Delhi wrt genders for I do not wish to quit using Plastic Bags.

Therefore we can conclude that there is no difference in the perception of plastic bags ban in Delhi
wrt age and gender however there is a difference when the factors are combined.