Adi Shankara Institute of Engineering and Technology

06EC6351: SPREAD SPECTRUM AND CDMA

1. Course Overview

2. Course Objectives
 To introduce the basic concepts of spread spectrum and CDMA
 To understand and compare the performance analysis of various types of CDMA
systems.
 To introduce the concepts of multicarrier modulation and OFDM.

2.1. Prerequisites
A basic course in Digital Communication

3. Instructor
Name : Dr. Rajesh Cherian Roy
Department : Department of Electronics and Communication
Office : Faculty Room (Communication Engineering), 1st Floor, PG Block
Office hours : 12:50 pm –1:30 pm(Monday –Friday)
E-mail : rajeshcherian@yahoo.co.in, rajeshcherian.ec@adishankara.ac.in
Phone : 9847061917

4. Classes

Day Lecture Hall:

Monday S1 CE Class room
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday S1 CE Class room
Friday

5. Course
5.1. Course Summary
Spread Spectrum signals and systems- Basic definition, classical reception problems;
Multiuser environment: Synchronous and Asynchronous CDMA, asynchronous CDMA in
cellular networks. Demands on Autocorrelation function: Data transmission via spread
spectrum, DS spread spectrum signal acquisition and tracking, Multicarrier modulation and
OFDM- multicarrier DS CDMA, conventional MC transmission and OFDM, Time diversity
and space-time coding in CDMA systems.

5.2. Course Structure

Course Delivery Manual: Spread Spectrum and CDMA [2018] Page 1
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Module 1:

1. Spread spectrum signals and systems- Basic definition. (1.1)

2. Gaussian channel, general reception problem and optimal decision rules. (2.1)
3. Binary data transmission (deterministic signals), (2.2)
4. M-ary data transmission: deterministic signals. (2.3)
5. Signal parameter estimation: problem statement and estimation rule. (2.8.1)
6. Amplitude estimation (2.9)
7. Phase estimation (2.10)
8. Jamming immunity (3.1)
9. Low probability of detection (3.2)
10. Signal structure secrecy (3.3)
11. Electromagnetic compatibility (3.4)
12. Propagation effects in wireless systems (3.5)
13. Diversity (3.6)
14. Multipath diversity and RAKE receiver (3.7)

Module 2:
1. Multiuser systems and the multiple access problem (4.1)
2. FDMA (4.2)
3. TDMA (4.3)
4. Synchronous CDMA (4.4)
5. Asynchronous CDMA (4.5)
6. Asynchronous CDMA in cellular networks (4.6)
7. Spread spectrum modulation (5.1)
8. General model and categorization of discrete signals (5.2)
9. Correlation functions of APSK signals (5.3)
10. Calculating correlation functions of code sequences (5.4)
11. Correlation functions of FSK signals (5.5)
12. Processing gain of discrete signals (5.6)

Module 3:
1. Demands on ACF (6.1)
2. Signals with continuous frequency modulation (6.2)
3. Criterion of good aperiodic ACF of APSK signals (6.3)
4. Optimization of aperiodic PSK signals (6.4)
5. Perfect periodic ACF: minimax binary sequences (6.5)
6. Initial knowledge on finite fields and linear sequences (6.6)
7. Periodic ACF of m-sequences (6.7)
8. Data transmission via spread spectrum (7.1)

Module 4:
1. DS spread spectrum signal acquisition and tracking procedures (8.1)
2. Serial search (8.2)
3. Acquisition acceleration techniques (8.3)
4. Code tracking (8.4)
5. Multiuser reception and suppressing MAI (10.1)

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6. Optimal multiuser rule for synchronous CDMA (10.1.1)

7. Decorrelating algorithm (10.1.2)
8. Blind MMSE detector (10.1.4)
9. Multicarrier modulation and OFDM (10.2)
10. Multicarrier DS CDMA (10.2.1)
11. Conventional MC transmission and OFDM (10.2.2)
12. Time diversity and space-time coding in CDMA systems (10.3)
13. Transmit diversity and the space-time coding problem (10.3.1)
14. Efficiency of transmit diversity (10.3.2)
15. Time switched space-time code (10.3.3)
16. Examples of operational systems- Overview of air interface of UMTS (11.4)

5.3. Teaching Strategies, Learning Outcomes and Learning activities

5.2.a Teaching Strategies
 Lecturing
 Discussions

5.2.b. Student learning Outcomes/Course Learning Outcomes

Student Learning Outcome
After completing the course, the student will be able to

 appreciate the merits of spread spectrum technologies.

 conduct a performance analysis of various CDMA systems.
 appreciate and analyze multicarrier systems and OFDM.

5.2.c. Learning Activities

 Reading
 Tutorial
 Class tests

5.2.d Plan for assessing expected learning outcomes(ELO)

Methods to Time of assessment Methods for

assess/measure ELO improvement
Series Test 1, 2 Remedial lectures
Analytical Problems After Test 1,2 Discussion

6. Scheduling the Course

6.1. Tentative Course Schedule

6.1.a Topics and Sub topics with learning outcomes, enabling learning activities,
references and assessment (Inputs from 1,2,3,5 and 6.1 crystallised into the following
table.

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Sl Hour
Date & Day Topics to be Covered
No.

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1 3 1. Spread spectrum signals

and systems- Basic
definition. (1.1)
02 Aug 2018 2. Gaussian channel, general
reception problem and
optimal decision rules.
(2.1)
2 1 1. Binary data transmission
(deterministic signals),
(2.2)
03 Aug 2018
2. M-ary data transmission:
deterministic signals.
(2.3)
3 2 1. Signal parameter
estimation: problem
statement and estimation
06 Aug 2018
rule. (2.8.1)
2. Amplitude estimation
(2.9)
4 3
1. Phase estimation (2.10)
09 Aug 2018
2. Jamming immunity (3.1)

5 1 1. Low probability of
detection (3.2)
10 Aug 2018
2. Signal structure secrecy
(3.3)
6 2 1. Electromagnetic
compatibility (3.4)
13 Aug 2018
2. Propagation effects in
wireless systems (3.5)
7 3 1. Diversity (3.6)
2. Multipath diversity and
17 Aug 2018
RAKE receiver (3.7)

End of Module 1
8 1 1. Multiuser systems and
the multiple access
20 Aug 2018 problem (4.1)
2. FDMA (4.2)

9 2 1. TDMA (4.3)
30 Aug 2018 2. Synchronous CDMA (4.4)

10 04 Sep 2018 3 1. Asynchronous CDMA (4.5)

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2. Asynchronous CDMA in
cellular networks (4.6)

11 1 1. Spread spectrum
modulation (5.1)
2. General model and
05 Sep 2018
categorization of discrete
signals (5.2)

12 2 1. Correlation functions of
APSK signals (5.3)
2. Calculating correlation
06 Sep 2018
functions of code
sequences (5.4)

13 3 1. Correlation functions of
11 Sep 2018 FSK signals (5.5)

14 1 1. Processing gain of
12 Sep 2018 discrete signals (5.6)

End of Module 2
15 13 Sep 2018 2 Discussion
16 25 Sep 2018 3 1. Demands on ACF (6.1)

17 1 1. Signals with continuous

26 Sep 2018 frequency modulation
(6.2)
18 2
1. Criterion of good
27 Sep 2018 aperiodic ACF of APSK
signals (6.3)
19 3 1. Optimization of aperiodic
3 Oct 2018 PSK signals (6.4)

20 1 1. Perfect periodic ACF:

4 Oct 2018 minimax binary
sequences (6.5)
21 2 1. Initial knowledge on finite
5 Oct 2018 fields and linear
sequences (6.6)
22 3 1. Periodic ACF of m-
10 Oct 2018
sequences (6.7)
23 1 1. Data transmission via
11 Oct 2018
spread spectrum (7.1)

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End of Module 3
24 2 1. DS spread spectrum signal
12 Oct 2018 acquisition and tracking
procedures (8.1)

25 3 1. Serial search (8.2)

17 Oct 2018
26 1 1. Acquisition acceleration
22 Oct 2018 techniques (8.3)

27 23 Oct 2018 2 1. Code tracking (8.4)

28 3 1. Multiuser reception and

suppressing MAI (10.1)
26 Oct 2018 2. Optimal multiuser rule for
synchronous CDMA
(10.1.1)
29 1 1. Decorrelating algorithm
29 Oct 2018
(10.1.2)
30 2 1. Blind MMSE detector
30 Oct 2018
(10.1.4)
31 3 1. Multicarrier modulation
and OFDM (10.2)
8 Nov 2018
2. Multicarrier DS CDMA
(10.2.1)
32 1 1. Conventional MC
9 Nov 2018 transmission and OFDM
(10.2.2)
33 2 1. Time diversity and space-
12 Nov 2018 time coding in CDMA
systems (10.3)
34 3 1. Transmit diversity and the
15 Nov 2018 space-time coding
problem (10.3.1)
35 1 1. Efficiency of transmit
16 Nov 2018
diversity (10.3.2)
36 2 1. Time switched space-time
19 Nov 2018
code (10.3.3)
37 3 1. Examples of operational
23 Nov 2018 systems- Overview of air
interface of UMTS (11.4)
End of Module 4
38 26 Nov 2018 1 Discussion
39 27 Nov 2018 2 Discussion

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7. Reference Books and Materials

Text Books:
1. Valery Ipatov- Spread Spectrum and CDMA: Principles and Applications- Wiley 2005.
References :
2. David Tse and Pramod Viswanath, Fundamentals of wireless communication, Cambridge
University Press, 2005.
3. Andrea Goldsmith, Wireless communication, Cambridge University Press, 2005.
4. K. Fazel and S Kaiser, Multicarrier and spread spectrum system, 2nd Edition, Wiley
Publishers, 2004.
5. Ezio Biglieri, MIMO wireless communication, Cambridge Univerity Press, 2010.
6. Andreas Molisch Wireless communication, Wiley IEEE Press, 2010.

8. Class Attendance and Participation

 Regular participation in the class is strongly advised and is necessary for students to
grasp many of the course concepts
 Please be on time to class
 Students in attendance are requested to be active participants in the course.

9. Grading Policy
The total 100 marks (maximum) to be awarded for the course is split into two. (100 = 60 +
40)

 60 marks - University Examination

 40 marks – Internal Evaluation

Internal Evaluation Grading

A maximum of 40 marks can be awarded by the course instructor. The marks will be distributed
over various attributes as specified in the following table.

Item Marks
Assignments 10
Series I 15
Tests 30
Series II 15
Total 40

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Prepared By: Dr. Rajesh Cherian Roy

Reviewed By:

Approved By:

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