Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Annotated Bibliography
Luis Tovar
RWS 1301
Dr. Vierra
10/28/2018
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 2
Research Questions
How does Marriage Equality affect inclusion for LGBTQ+ individuals in society?
If marriage is a union between two people (a man and a woman), why does it exclude same-sex
couples?
How do views on same-sex couples and marriage differ throughout the years?
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 3
Annotated Bibliography
and Emerging Alternatives (pp. 395-396-425). New York, N. Y.: Harper & Row,
traditional monogamous marriage, are farm from what society labels them as
dysfunctional (pg. xi). Other forms of marriage in his book is referred to as emerging
alternatives; chapter 16 deals specifically with homosexuality. The way gender roles are
depicted in society reflects how homosexual partners take on roles in their own
relationship; the idea of having two partners, one who accentuates masculine traits and
feminine traits. These roles are taken in the queer community, but there is also a situation
where society prevents homosexuals from displacing these traits and forces them to hide
their “gayness”. Society has stuck up a stigma that dictates how LGBTQ+ individuals
should act around heterosexual individuals. People who identify as gay explain that this
forced label is why same-sex unions fail. The legal status that is upheld for
structure.
search.ebscohost.com.lib.utep.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=94145322&site
inexcusable. Using the Supreme Court, he identified the following, marriage is something
valued, as seen in the nineteenth century cases regarding marriage, and that gay people
are included under the constitution (2013, p. 137). Concerning the Kennedy Triumvirate,
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 4
immoral. This shows how Butler says society depicts same-sex relations or eroticism, as
meaningless between a same-sex couple. That they do not have emotional value between
the two and are just confused about their sexuality. Kennedy understood that being gay
laws that protected gay individuals from discrimination, in Lawrence v. Texas, the
Supreme Court understood the insights of the LGBTQ community. Kennedy understood
the issue that is attached to what we define as marriage as the union of one man and one
woman through the federal Defense of Marriage Act (1996). This directly affects
relationship (pg. 413). Herek further states that this sexualizing stigma can be based on
how heterosexuals have a negative attitude towards the sexual minority while also saying
how this stigma can be derived from religious views, laws, and social interaction
(pg. 415). Throughout the years, views on same-sex couples have shifted to a more
positive outlook. Heterosexual individuals who have had contact with an LGBTQ+
individual have shown that they themselves have talked to that queer individual about
their own experience with their sexual orientation and or identify and have gotten a better
individual. When LGBTQ+ individuals have the safe space of being able to talk about
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 5
their identity, it is more likely for cis gender heterosexual people to be in support of
and Lesbian Families (pp. 11-12-25). Farmington Hills, MI: Thomson Gale. Kurtz claims
that by legalizing gay marriage, it would have an erasure to what the word monogamy
means (pg. 11). A point he provides is that homosexuals would claim monogamy and
turn it into a polyamory. Polyamory contradicts the idea of monogamy, the idea that a
union is between only two people. The claim that this is due to homosexuals is the reason
why there is a stigma between same-sex marriage. Butler explains that there is
a thought and belief that queer individuals want to have sex for the fun of it, without
taking into consideration the monogamy aspect of marriage. Implying that only
misconception that society has. Kurtz touches upon the idea that homosexuality is not the
problem, but how same-sex marriage would break the connection to a monogamy, which
would further lead to polygamy, and bring unbalance to marriage itself. This in itself,
that same-sex marriage would be the root of monogamy losing its value, is a stigma put
Olson, L. R., Cadge, W., & Harrison, J. T. (2006). Religion and Public Opinion about Same-
search.ebscohost.com.lib.utep.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.429561
religion and same-sex marriage, religion is a huge contributor to how same-sex unions
are viewed as untraditional when it comes to moral values in religion (pg. 340.) The
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research conducted showed that individuals who are more involved in their respected
religious affiliations tend to form more conservative thoughts, thus having strong
opinions against a same-sex union. It shows that involvement apart from service, and
individual is more likely to hear more opinions against same sex marriage (pg. 346). This
shows that individuals who are devoted to their religion and fully commit to that
religion’s moral values, the harder it will be for that individual to be in support of pro-gay
rights. They immerse themselves with friends who are also a part of their congregation
where their strong moral values are developed. The traditional view on marriage is that
between a man and a woman. The thought of having same-sex unions shows that religion
credoreference-
com.lib.utep.edu/content/entry/wileyfamily/marriage_equality_in_the_united_states/0.
Marriage Equality, according to Walsh (2016), is the idea that any couple, regardless of
sex, should have access to the same benefits that civil marriage provides for married
couples. (par. 2). Benefits that couples get through marriage include filing for joint taxes,
health care, social security benefits, and child care to name a few. Denying these rights to
LGBTQ+ individuals derives from a negative stigma that surrounds the idea that same-
sex couples cannot function or provide to a family the same way that the traditional
family, a male and female figure, can. Therefore, erasing that stigma will allow for
LGBTQ+ individuals to feel more accepted in society as well as grant them marriage
American Civil Liberties Union. (1996). Prohibitions Against Same-Sex Marriage Are
Unconstitutional. In Bender D. & Leone, B. (Ed.), Gay Marriage (pp. 12-13-17). San
Diego, California: Greenhaven Press, Inc. The ACLU argues that the Defense of
relying that marriage is dependent on one’s gender (1998, p.16). Concurring with news
and uninterchangeable. This erases a whole group of individuals who fall under the trans
community. By not letting them have the freedom to change their legal status, trans
individuals will be set back in the community. Studies conducted in 2011 by Esther D,
showed that same-sex couples who were legally recognized by the U.S. showed increased
psychological and tangible benefits as well as acceptance within friends and families and
religious organizations (2017, p. 116). Having trans individual identities erased, their
wellbeing will only plummet if the world does not recognize them.
Deschamps, D., & Singer, B. L. (2017). LGBTQ stats: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender,
and Queer People by the Numbers New York: The New Press, 2017. Looking into recent
statistics taken in 2016 by the Williams Institute, forty nine percent of same-sex couples
in the U.S. were married (p. 115). Since the legalization of same-sex marriage, it was
viewed that in counties in Alabama, Texas, and Kentucky are still having debates on
whether to let same-sex couples obtain their marriage license. Allowing for same-sex
marriage and rights has had a huge impact on today’s society. Compared to a poll
conducted in 2016 about what Americans thought about same-sex couples having
marriage rights, sixty one percent of Americans thought that same-sex couples should
have the same rights; this is twenty seven percent higher than a poll done in 1996 (p.
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 8
149). This increase support is also seen amongst religious groups between 2001 and
2015. Fifty eight percent in Catholics, sixty-four of white mainline Protestants, thirty nine
percent in black Protestants, and twenty seven percent among white evangelical
Protestants (p. 149-150). Millennials are the generation that has been upfront and
supportive on LGBTQ+ rights, with seventy one percent being supportive of same-sex
marriage in 2016 (p. 149). More and more support for same-sex marriage is being carried
Chauncey, G. (2004). Why marriage? The History Shaping Today's Debate Over Gay
Equality Cambridge, MA: Basic Books, c2004. Chauncy claims that there are four
fundamental changes that have occurred since the nineteenth century regarding same-sex
marriage. First is the right to choose a partner, regardless of family, ethnic community,
and religion, has become a fundamental right; second, traditional “husband” and “wife”
roles, gender roles, have decline; third is that the exclusion of same-sex couples imposes
economic and legal consequences; and that lastly, religious organizations have slowly
stopped forcing their marriage ideals through the years (2004, p. 59-60). Chauncy
explains how back then, when woman would get married, they would change their last
name, and everything they owned would find new ownership with their husband. The
idea of how the man of the house dictated and owned everything; a woman lost much
more to a man when married compared to the male. With the rights that have been
granted to woman, they gained more responsibilities and rights, as it should have been
from the start. Because of this, the roles of husband and wives has diluted and has open
Raygoza, J. (2015, July 21, 2015). Quits: Equality for better or for worse. The
Prospector doi:https://digitalcommons.utep.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1215&conte
xt=prospector. After same-sex marriage was legal, El Paso granted its first same-sex
divorce to Jenifer Gasca and Stephanie Mitchelle. Granting divorce to same-sex couples
is just as important as granting them marriage. Before, same-sex couples would have to
file for a divorce to whichever state had same-sex marriage laws. Carlos Villa said that is
any judge in the area must follow whatever is put in place. With the passing for marriage
equality, student Jason Martinez stated that low number of divorce rates was due to the
fact that marriage equality was newly obtained at the time. Looking into LGBTQ STATS,
a recent book in gathering up LGBTQ statistics, notes that a research done by Williams
Institute says that on 2014, the average divorce rate for same-sex couples was 1.1 percent
annually compared to the two percent for heterosexual couples (2017, p. 119). Opening
up marriage for same-sex couples enables for other laws to be changed accordingly.
Issues regarding same-sex couples wanting to adopt and custody between same-sex