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Abstract: In 1958 the Surgical Instrument Manufacturing
Surgical instrument manufacturing industry Association of Pakistan was incorporated which
originated in the early 1940s in and around the safe guarded the interests of the industry. The
city of Sialkot. The sector manufactures a wide Surgical Association since then is regularly
range of medical, surgical and veterinary playing a central role in addressing issues at the
instruments exporting 80-90 % of its production. Government level, nominating trade delegations
This is the fact that surgical industry has the and participants for trade fairs and exhibitions,
potential to earn sizeable foreign exchange but it handling inter-industry issues and representing
needs to be fully explored. The purpose of this the industry at various local and international
report is to take an insight into the industry forums. The value of exports of surgical
structure, identifying the major issues and instruments for the financial year 2013-2014 is
problems affecting the industry, uncover the USD 335 Million1.
constraints of the industry and put forward some Overview of Surgical Equipment
suggestions to overcome the existing problems. Manufacturing Industry Sialkot Pakistan:
Sialkot is the hub of manufacturing dental and
Introduction: surgical equipment or instruments in addition to
Chronologically manufacturing of surgical sports goods and cutlery. The Sialkot based
instruments started in the regions that were industry is not catering for the supply of surgical
traditionally involved in forging of metals, equipment to local market but it is also
particularly for knives and swords etc. at the end generating a handsome foreign exchange
of the 19th century surgical instruments through exports.
manufacturing started in this region, when the Major facts and figures of the sector:
British Mission hospital in Sialkot for the first Over 99% of the Pakistan's surgical instruments
time got its scalpels and other instruments production is centered at Sialkot. The sector
repaired from the local artisan community of comprises over 2500 companies with the labor
blacksmiths. These craftsmen successfully force ranging from (15-450) per unit, of which
replicated these imported instruments, which around 30 can be considered large and the
were being used by the hospital. remainder can be split as 150 units of medium
To institutionalize the local expertise of sized and remaining as small. The industry
manufacturing surgical instruments and provide produces on average over 150 million pieces a
common facilities to the manufacturers, the year with an estimated value of around Rs.
British Government established the Metal 22 billion. Out of the total production,
Industries Development Centre (MIDC) in 1941. approximately over 95% is exported, which
This helped the industry to shift from includes 60% of disposable and 40% of reusable
manufacturing of basic metal products to surgical instruments, i.e. 100 million instruments
precision surgical instruments. After annually.
Independence in 1947, Pakistan inherited 17 The industry belongs to the light engineering
registered surgical instruments manufacturers in industry category, and is one that has specialized
Sialkot.
1
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing Association of
Pakistan (SIMAP)
in skill and stable export market share. Sialkot’s RANGE OF INSTRUMENTS BEING
surgical goods industry is responsible for 75 MANUFACTURED
percent of Pakistan’s engineering exports. It The surgical industry has a flexible
produces over 2000 different manufacturing processes resulting in production
instruments, mostly made from imported of wide range of products. Production can be
stainless steel. Surgical instruments made in made in accordance with British, German,
Sialkot are used by surgeons, dentists, and American or any international standards/
veterinarians throughout the world and are specification. The advanced countries of Europe
considered second in quality only to Germany, and America are the leading buyers of Pakistan’s
the global leader in this field. surgical instruments.
SCCI's2 active members are 8500 and list of Surgical instruments can be generally divided
members registered as surgical instruments into six classes by function. These classes are:
manufacturers includes 2,400 (commercial and
associated) firms that employ roughly 80,000 Cutting instruments
workers Grasping or holding instruments
Following Countries are the Top Ten buyers of Haemostatic forceps (instruments used
our instruments: to stop blood flow)
United States 24%
Germany 15% Retractor
United Kingdom 10% Clamps and distractors
France 4.82% Accessories and implants
Italy 4.45%
UAE 3.60% A broad range of surgical instruments are being
Japan 2.35% manufactured:
Brazil 2.24% − Diagnostic − Anesthesia
Mexico 2.22% − Instruments − Suture
Russian Federation 1.90% − Plaster − Bone Surgery
Industry Structure: − Neurology − Tracheotomy
The production of the industry can be broadly − Cardiovascular − Lung Surgery
classified into two categories, i.e. disposable − Dermatology − Ophthalmology
instruments and the reusable instruments (OR − Otology − Beauty Instruments
instruments). The largest market for Pakistani − Oral Instruments − Tonsil
disposable instruments is USA. Majority of the − Sterilization − Urology
reusable instruments, manufactured in Sialkot, − Gynecology − Obstetrics
are exported to the European countries. − Intestinal & Stomach Rectum
Industry at a Glance:
Total number of units Approx. 2400 Manufacturing Standards:
Installed Capacity 200 Million Surgical industry is the sector where quality is
Pieces/annum major issue of concern. Recently its importance
Total Capital Rs. 12.0 billion has increased manifolds given the increasing
Investment global competition and new regulations being
No. of worker 100,000-150,000 enforced by the developed countries. These
No. of people involved 350,000-450,000 regulations require the exporters for all countries
(Direct/indirect) to introduce systems focusing on the
Production 100 million Nos. improvement of management, labor, technology,
Source of Machinery Germany, UK, USA, and all the other fields which in any way affect
China, Local the firm.
2
Sialkot Chamber of Commerce & Industry
The surgical instrument standards must include
CE Marking, CGMP, ISO 9001, ISO 13485, and
NID3.
TDAP assisted in Material Testing Laboratory
(SIMTEL) has been set up in Sialkot in the year
2000 comprising of three sections:
♦ Spectroscopy
♦ Metallography
♦ Chemical Testing
3
National Institute of Design
Manufacturing Process:
Raw Material
Die Making Forging
Shearing
Initial
Heat
Trimming Machining Assembly
Treatment
Filing
Finishing &
Testing & Labelling &
Electropolishing Final
Cleaning Packahing
Assembling