MECHANICS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS

FORMULA SHEET FOR CHAPTER 2

1 ν 12 , 1 1
S 11 = , S 12 = − S 22 = , S 66 =
.
E1 E1 E2 G12
E1 , ν 12 E 2 , E2 , Q66 = G12 .
Q11 = Q12 = Q 22 =
1 - ν 21 ν 12 1 − ν 21 ν 12 1 − ν 21 ν 12

 c2 s
2
− 2sc   c2 s2 2sc 
   
[T ] −1 =  s 2 c
2
2sc , [T] =  s 2 c 2 - 2sc  ,
   
 sc − sc c 2 − s 2  - sc sc c 2 - s 2 

Q11 = Q11 c + Q 22 s + 2 ( Q12 + 2 Q66 ) s c ,

4 4 2 2

2 2
Q12 = ( Q11 + Q 22 − 4 Q66 ) s c + Q12 ( c + s ),
4 4

Q 22 = Q11 s + Q 22 c + 2 ( Q12 + 2 Q66 ) s c ,

4 4 2 2

Q16 = ( Q11 − Q12 − 2 Q66 ) c s − ( Q 22 − Q12 − 2 Q66 ) s c,

3 3

Q 26 = ( Q11 − Q12 − 2 Q66 ) cs − ( Q 22 − Q12 − 2 Q66 ) c s,

3 3

Q66 = ( Q11 + Q 22 − 2 Q12 − 2 Q66 ) s c + Q66 ( s + c ).

2 2 4 4

S 11 = S 11 c + (2 S 12 + S 66 ) s c + S 22 s ,
4 2 2 4

S 12 = S 12 ( s + c ) + ( S 11 + S 22 − S 66 ) s c ,
4 4 2 2

2 2
S 22 = S 11 s + (2 S 12 + S 66 ) s c + S 22 c ,
4 4

S 16 = (2 S 11 − 2 S 12 − S 66 ) sc − (2 S 22 − 2 S 12 − S 66 ) s c,
3 3

S 26 = (2 S 11 − 2 S 12 − S 66 ) s c − (2 S 22 − 2 S 12 − S 66 ) sc ,
3 3

S 66 = 2 (2 S 11 + 2 S 22 − 4 S 12 − S 66 ) s c + S 66 ( s + c ).
2 2 4 4

Page 1 of 2
Q11 = U 1 + U 2 Cos 2θ + U 3 Cos 4θ , Q12 = U 4 − U 3 Cos 4θ , Q 22 = U 1 − U 2 Cos 2θ + U 3 Cos 4θ ,
U2 U 1
Q16 = Sin 2θ + U 3 Sin 4θ , Q 26 = 2 Sin 2θ − U 3 Sin 4θ , Q66 = ( U 1 − U 4 ) − U 3 Cos 4θ .
2 2 2
1 1 1
U 1 = (3 Q11 + 3 Q 22 + 2 Q12 + 4 Q66 ) , U 2 = (Q 11 − Q 22 ), U 3 = ( Q11 + Q22 − 2 Q12 − 4 Q66 ),
8 2 8
1
U 4 = ( Q11 + Q 22 + 6 Q12 − 4 Q66 ).
8

S 11 = V 1 + V 2 Cos 2θ + V 3 Cos 4θ , S 12 = V 4 − V 3 Cos 4θ , S 22 = V 1 − V 2 Cos 2θ + V 3 Cos 4θ ,

S 16 = V 2 Sin 2θ + 2 V 3 Sin 4θ , S 26 = V 2 Sin 2θ − 2 V 3 Sin 4θ , S 66 = 2( V 1 − V 4 ) − 4 V 3 Cos 4θ ,

1 1 1
V 1 = (3 S 11 + 3 S 22 + 2 S 12 + S 66 ), V 2 = (S 11 − S 22 ), V 3 = ( S 11 + S 22 − 2 S 12 − S 66 ),
8 2 8
1
V 4 = ( S 11 + S 22 + 6 S 12 − S 66 ).
8

2 2 2
 σ 1   σ 1 σ 2   σ 2   τ 12 
 T  -  T 2 + T  +  < 1.
 ( σ 1 )ult   ( σ ) 
 1 ult   ( σ 2 )ult   ( τ 12 )ult 

H1σ1+H2σ2+H6τ12+H11 σ 12 +H22 σ 22 +H66 τ 12

2
+2H12σ1σ2< 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
H 1= − , H 11 = , H 2 = T − C , H 22 = T .
( σ )ult
T
1 ( σ )ultC
1 ( σ ) ( σ 1 )ult
T
1 ult
C
( σ 2 )ult ( σ 2 )ult ( σ 2 )ult ( σ C2 )ult
1
H 6 = 0, H 66 = 2
.
( τ 12 )ult
1
H 12 = − 2
as per Tsai-Hill failure theory,
2( σ T1 )ult
1
H 12 = − as per Hoffman criterion,
2( σ 1 )ult ( σ 1C )ult
T

1 1
H 12 = − as per Mises-Hencky criterion.
2 ( σ 1 )ult ( σ 1 )ult ( σ T2 )ult ( σ C2 )ult
T C

Page 2 of 2
 MECHANICS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
AUTAR KAW
FORMULA SHEET FOR CHAPTER 3

E 2 = 1 + ξη V f ,η = ( E f / E m ) - 1 , ξ = 2
Em 1 - ηV f ( E f / Em ) + ξ
G12 1 + ξη V f ( G f / Gm ) - 1
= ,η = ,ξ = 1
Gm 1 - ηV f ( G f / Gm ) + ξ
E 1 ( ε 2 )ult
T
( σ 1c )ult = Matrix splitting
ν 12
( ε T2 )ult = ( ε Tm )ult (1 - V 1/3
f )

d  Em  
( ε T2 )ult = ( ε Tm )ult   
 E - 1 + 1
 s  f  
   V f E m E f Gm 
( σ 1C )ult = m in 2 V f + (1 - V f ) E m  , 
  E f  3(1 - V f ) 1 - V f 
( σ 1C )ult = 2 [( τ f )ult V f + ( τ m )ult V m ]
( σ T2 )ult = E 2 ( ε T2 )ult
( σ C2 )ult = E 2 ( ε C2 )ult
d  d 
( τ 12 )ult = G12  G m +  1 -  ( γ m )ult
 s G f  s 
1
α1 = ( α f E f V f +α m Em V m )
E1
α 2 = (1 +ν f ) α f V f + (1 +ν m ) α m V m - α 1ν 12
V f E f ∆ C f β f +V m Em ∆ C m β m
β 1= ρc
E1 ( V m ρ m ∆ C m + V f ρ f ∆ C f )
V f (1 +ν f ) ∆ C f β f + V m (1 +ν m ) ∆ C m β m
β2= ρ c - β 1ν 12
(V m ρ m ∆ C m +V f ρ f ∆ C f )
Chapter 4 & 5: Macromechanics of a Laminate

[ ]
Aij = Σ (Qij ) k (hk − hk −1 ) i = 1,2,3; j = 1,2,3,
n

k =1

Bij =
1 n
Σ
2 k =1
[ ]( )
(Qij ) k hk2 − hk2−1 , i = 1,2,3; j = 1,2,3,

Dij =
1 n
3Σ
[ ]( )
(Qij ) k hk3 − hk3−1 , i = 1,2,3; j = 1,2,3,
k =1

U 1 U 4 0 
[ A] quasi −isotropic 
= U 4 U 1 0  h.

0 0 (U 1 − U 4 ) / 2

cos(a+b) = cos(a) cos(b) – sin(a) sin(b)

sin(a+b) = sin(a) cos(b) + cos(a) sin(b)

 1  x  1
sin N +  x cos  − cos N +  x
N
 2 1 N
2  2
∑ cos kx ≡
 x
- , ∑ sin kx ≡
2 k=1  x
,
k=1
2sin  2 sin 
2 2
 N x   A 11 A 12 A 16 B11 B12 B16   ε 0x 
N    
 y  A 12 A 22 A 26 B12 B 22 B 26   ε 0y 
 N xy  A 16 A 26 A 66 B16 B 26 B 66   γ 0xy 
 =  
 M x   B11 B12 B16 D11 D12 D16   κ x 
 M y   B12 B 22 B 26 D12 D 22 D 26   κ y 
    
M xy   B16 B 26 B 66 D16 D 26 D 66   κ xy 

 N Tx   Q11 Q12 Q16   α x 

[N ]
n
 T    
T
=  N y  = ∆T ∑  Q12 Q 22 Q 26   α y  (h k − h k −1 )
 T  k =1
 Q16 Q 66  α xy 
 N xy   Q 26
k k

 M Tx   Q11 Q12 Q16   α x 

[M ]  T 1
( )
n
   
T
=  M y  = ∆T ∑  Q12 Q 22 Q 26   α y  h 2k − h 2k −1
2
M Txy  k =1
 Q16 Q 26 Q 66  α xy 
   k k

 N xC  Q11 Q16   β x 
Q12
[N ]
n
C  C 
=  N y  = ∆C ∑ Q12
  
Q26   β y  hk − hk −1
Q22 ( )
 N xyC  k =1
Q16Q26 Q66   β xy 
   k k

Mx 
C
 Q11 Q12 Q16   β x 
[M ]  C 1
( )
n
   
C
=  M y  = ∆C∑  Q12 Q 22 Q 26   β y  h 2k − h 2k −1
2
M Cxy  k =1
 Q16 Q 26 Q 66  β xy 
   k  k

3
 t  2
Tc = (2πr t )(0.272 )(Ε x Ε )
1
2 3
m y
4
 
 rm 
π Ex I
fn =
2 mL4
σ x = pr /(2t ) ; σ y = pr / t for cylindrical pressure vessel
σ x = pr /(2t ) ; σ y = pr /(2t ) for spherical pressure vessel