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CONTENTS OF CHAPTER 1
1.1 Simple Structures
1.2 Single-Degree-of-Freedom System
1.3 Force-Displacement Relation
1.4 Damping Force
1.5 Equation of Motion: External Force
1.6 Mass-Spring-Damper System
1.7 Equation of Motion: Earthquake Excitation
1.8 Problem Statement and Element Forces
1.9 Combining Static and Dynamic Responses
1.10 Methods of Solution of the Differential Equation
1.11 Study of SDF Systems: Organization
Appendix 1: Stiffness Coefficients for a Flexural Element
Appendix 2: Some Basic Information and Glossary
1.1 Simple Structures
“c” is the viscous damping coefficient : its units (Force x time / length)
Damping properties may be determined from free vibration tests or forced vibration tests
2- Coulomb or Frictional Damping
statics : F1 F2 k
Combination of two springs – case 1
k k
d1 d2 1 1
The stiffness for this k1 k 2
k2 system is trivial:
m
k1
k k1 k2 1 1 1
k k1 k 2
u =1
2
3
k
1
24EI
By neglecting the k
axial deformations, 3 L3
d.o.f. disappear.
1
rigid beam 12EI 6EI
1 m L
3
L
2
The stiffness, k, of a body is a measure of the resistance offered by an elastic body to deformation.
For an elastic body with a single Degree of Freedom, the stiffness is defined as
where
P is the force applied on the body
δ is the displacement produced by the force along the same degree of freedom
u
DAMPING
un
un + p
Different damping models can be t
used, a viscous proportional damping tn t n+p
Generally damping would be ignored for non-transient events (such as dead load or crowd loading),
but would be important for transient events (for example, an impulse load such as a bomb blast or
seismic load).
HW#1