NOHARA, JAYSON D.

MT3-1 –PARASITOLOGY REVIEWER— Part 2

Stongyloides Enterobius Capillaria Trichinella

stercoralis vermicularis philippinensis spiralis
Seatworm or
Common Name Threadworm Pudoc Worm Trichina worm
Pinworm Filarial worms (General Morphology)
Strongyloidiasis, Intestinal
Enterobiasis or Trichinosis,
Disease Cochin-Chin Capillariasis,
Oxyuriasis Trichiniasis
Diarrhea Pudoc’s Disease
Facultative
Parasite (Free- Microfilarial Periodicity
2.13-3.17mm Filariform
Living and Minute, whitish
(M) with long, 2-50 cm (M) w/ 2 copulatory spicules
Parasitic Small, whitish or in color with Periodicity refers to the rhythmical
smooth specular Twice the size of the Male (F)
Existence) brownish in anterior end of appearance of microfilaria in the
sheath
color the body peripheral blood circulation.
2.5-4.3mm (F) Simple mouth and is usually without
2-7mm (F) consisting of
anterior portion definite lips and buccal cavity is
Finely striated 2-5mm (M) esophagus filled Nocturnal – 10PM-2AM
contains inconspicuous.
cuticle, short Single Spicule w/ stichosomes Diurnal – 10AM-2PM
esophagus and Esophagus is cylindrical, has no cardiac
buccal cavity, and Strongly *Peak hours: 8PM-4AM
stichosomes bulbus and is usually of the spiruriod
long slender, Curved 1.5 by 0.04 mm
type.
Morphology cylindrical 8-13mm (F) with single testis Subperiodic – Modified Periodicity
Two Types of
esophagus Long Pointed (M) Subperiodic diurnal – during day and
Female: Microfilaria is a highly motile, snake-
Tail 3.5 by 0.06 mm night but increase in numbers during
A. Typical like organisms consisting of dark
Parthenogenetic with single ovary daytime
Oviparous 8-10 staining nuclei
Diagnostic: (F) Oviparous or Subperiodic nocturnal - during day and
eggs (Single row)
Shorter, stouter, Cephalic Alae Larviparous night but increase in numbers during
B. Atypical It may be:
double bulbed and Esophageal capable of night time
Larviparous 40- (a) Sheathed provided with embryonic
muscular bulb producing 1,500
45 eggs (2-3 sheath
esophageal larvae
rows) (b) Unsheathed without the
pharynx,
embryonic sheath
fusiform pointed
tail (Free-living)
50-60 by 20-30 Typical Egg Larvae:
microns Yellow in color, 80-120 by 5.6
Larvae:
moderately thick microns to 900-
Rhabditiform
Lopsided D- with striated egg 1300 by 35-40
Pyriform
Shape shell with microns (enters
posterior bulb
Ova flattened bipolar a striated
After 6 hrs plugs (Peanut muscle)
Filariform
(Infective) and Shape)
Forked or
remain viable Atypical Egg Spear-like
notched tail
for 13 days. without bipolar burrowing
plugs and anterior tip
NOHARA, JAYSON D. MT3-1 –PARASITOLOGY REVIEWER— Part 2
Two layers: multisegmented
Eggs: Thick Hyaline or embryonated,
Thin-shelled, Albuminous thin shilled
transparent, Lipoidal Layer
partially
embryonated
egss

Squarish /
Chinese Lantern

Direct Cyle
Adult in SI – Eggs
in SI – Microfilaria (blood/tissues) – sucked/
Rhabditiform ingested by blood sucking insects –
larvae in SI – development of microfilaria in blood
Rhabditiform sucking insects (L1, L2, L3 – Infective
passes out to Stage) in the thoracic muscles –
the feces (Soil) – infected insect bite a susceptible host
Filariform – Male and – Development into Adult at its
Penetrate the Atypical Female Encysted larvae selective site (Habitat) - Microfilaria
skin – Heart in SI – 2 or more in muscles of pig (blood/tissues)
Lung Migration – weeks and – Ingestion of
M&F Adult in
SI develop into improperly
Caecum – Gravid
Indirect Cycle Male and Typical cooked infected
Female migrates
Adult in SI – Eggs Female – Eggs pork – Infected
to perianal
in SI – laid by Typical flesh is digested
region (deposit
Rhabditiform Female – Egg by gastric juice –
eggs) – ova
larvae in SI – passed out in Adults in the
infective to man
Life Cycle Rhabditiform water Duodenum –
after 6 hrs. –
passes out to embryonate in Larviparous
Ova is ingested
the feces (Soil) – 3-5 Days – female burrows
or inhaled –
Free living adult Embryonated into mucosa and
larvae hatch in
– Eggs – eggs ingested by deposit larvae –
the duodenum –
Rhabditiform Fresh Water Fish Larvae enter the
Migrate to LI –
Larvae – – Man ingests circulation –
Adult in Caecum
Filariform – raw fish Encysted in
Penetrate the harboring the striated muscle
skin – Heart infective larvae – DEAD END
Lung Migration – – Adults in SI
SI
Autoinfection
Adult in SI – Eggs
in SI –
Rhabditiform
larvae in SI –
transform into
Filariform larvae
NOHARA, JAYSON D. MT3-1 –PARASITOLOGY REVIEWER— Part 2
– Penetrate the
intestinal
mucosa – Heart
Lung Migration –
SI
Development D- 2-3 wks. to 2
and Life Span months
Rhabditiform Egg in perianal
Diagnostic Stage
Larvae region
Embryonated
Infective Stage Filariform Larvae
Egg
Duodenum and
Habitat Caecum Small Intestine
Jejunum
Incubation &
Intestinal
Invasion
(Diarrhea or
Cutaneous
Constipation and
infection (Larva
Abdominal
Currens/Racing
Cramps)
larva)
Symptoms:
Abdominal Pain, Larval Migration
Pulmonary Pruritus Ani
Gurgling of & Muscle
Pathology Infection, Vulvovaginitis
Stomach Invasion (Fever,
Intestinal and Salphingitis
(Borborygmus) Facial Edema,
Infection,
Pain and
(Honeycombed/
Swelling)
patches),
Steatorrhea and
Encystment and
Malabsorption
Encapsulation
(Convalescent
Weakness and
Pain disappear)
Muscle Biopsy
Serological Test
Graham scotch (CFT, ELISA BFT
DFS
Harada Mori tape anal swab “Bentonite
Diagnosis Conc. Tech
ELISA/IHA technique, DFS Flocculation
(AECT and FECT)
(5%) Test”)
Beck’s
Xenodiagnosis
Thiabendazole
Albendazole,
Mebendazole
Albendazole and Mebendazole, Mebendazole
Treatment Salicytes
Thiabendazole Pyrantel and Albendazole
(Headache and
Pamoate
Muscular Pain)
Epidemiology More male Meat should be
NOHARA, JAYSON D. MT3-1 –PARASITOLOGY REVIEWER— Part 2
infection than cooked 77C
female infection (177F). Freezing/
2:1 Storage -15C for
20 Days or -30C
for 6 days