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There are several types of businesses that can be formed. A sole proprietorship is owned by one individual, while a partnership is owned by multiple individuals who contribute capital and share profits and losses. Limited companies are the most common type of business, where investors are only liable for the amount of capital they invest. If a limited company goes bankrupt, creditors may not get their money back if the company's assets do not cover debts. To form a company, founders must file documents like a Memorandum of Association that states the company name, purpose, registered office, and authorized share capital. Annual financial statements are also filed with the registrar of companies.
There are several types of businesses that can be formed. A sole proprietorship is owned by one individual, while a partnership is owned by multiple individuals who contribute capital and share profits and losses. Limited companies are the most common type of business, where investors are only liable for the amount of capital they invest. If a limited company goes bankrupt, creditors may not get their money back if the company's assets do not cover debts. To form a company, founders must file documents like a Memorandum of Association that states the company name, purpose, registered office, and authorized share capital. Annual financial statements are also filed with the registrar of companies.
There are several types of businesses that can be formed. A sole proprietorship is owned by one individual, while a partnership is owned by multiple individuals who contribute capital and share profits and losses. Limited companies are the most common type of business, where investors are only liable for the amount of capital they invest. If a limited company goes bankrupt, creditors may not get their money back if the company's assets do not cover debts. To form a company, founders must file documents like a Memorandum of Association that states the company name, purpose, registered office, and authorized share capital. Annual financial statements are also filed with the registrar of companies.
partnership registered shares soletrader financial bankruptcy – bankructwo premises capital prospectus files to go bankrupt – zbankrutować creditor – wierzyciel TYPES OF BUSINESS debtor – dłuż nik to issue shares – emitować akcje The simplest form of business is the individual proprietorship or (1) liability – odpowiedzialnoś ć .......sole trader................: for example, a shop (US = store) or a taxi (finansowa) owned by a single person. If several individuals wish to go into to be liable for company's debts – business together they can form a (2) ................partnership.........; odpowiadać za długi spó łki partners generally contribute equal capital, have equal authority in partnership – spó łka osobowa management, and share profits or (3) ......losses............. . In many individual proprietorship – countries, lawyers, doctors and accountants are not allowed to form jednoosobowa działalnoś ć companies, but only partnership with unlimited (4) ...........liability.... gospodarcza for debts – which should make them act responsibly. sole trader – przedsię biorca indywidualny, osoba prowadząca But a partnership is not a legal entity separate from its owners; like jednoosobową działalnoś ć sole traders, partners have unlimited liability: in the case of (5) gospodarczą ...............bankruptcy.........., a partner with a personal fortune can lose it financial statements – all. Consequently, the majority of business are limited companies (US sprawozdania finansowe = (6) ....................corporations.......... ), in which investors are only liable premises of a company – siedziba for the amount of capital they have invested. If a limited company spó łki, teren, lokal etc. należ ący do goes bankrupt, its assets are sold (liquidated) to pay debts; if the spó łki share capital – kapitał assets do not cover the debts, they remain unpaid (i.e. (7) zakładowy ....................creditors............ do not get their money back.) authorised share capital – kapitał docelowy In Britain, most smaller enterprises are private limited companies prospectus – prospekt emisyjny which cannot offer (8) .............shares.......... to the public; their owners to file documents/applications – can only raise capital from friends or from banks and other venture złoż yć dokumenty/podania capital institutions. A successful, growing British business can apply to contribute capital – wnosić to the Stock Exchange to become a public limited company; if kapitał accepted, it can publish a (9) ...............prospectus............ and offer its equal authority – ró wne shares for sale on the open stock market. In America, there is no legal uprawnienia distinction between private and public limited corporations, but the to share profits and losses – dzielić equivalent of a public limited company is one (10) zyski i straty ..........registered........................... by the Securities and Exchange legal entity – podmiot prawny Commission. an amount of capital – wielkoś ć kapitału assets – aktywa, majątek FOUNDING A COMPANY to cover the debt – pokrywać długi stock market, stock exchange – Founders of companies have to write a Memorandum of Association giełda papieró w wartoś ciowych (in the US, a Certificate of Incorporation), which states the company's company's name – firma spó łki name, purpose, registered office or premises and authorised share company's registered office – (11) ..................capital..................... . siedziba spó łki (12 ......................premises............... (always with an 's' at the end) - is the registrar/registry of companies – technical term for the place in which a company does its business: an rejestr spó łek office, a shop, a workshop, a factory, a warehouse, etc. Authorised Memorandum of share capital means the maximum amount of a particular type of Association/Certificate of shares the company can (13) ...................issue................... . Association – akt zawiązania Founders also write Articles of Association (US = Bylaws), which set spó łki out the rights and duties of directors and different classes of Articles of Association/Bylaws – shareholders. Companies' memoranda and articles of association, and umowa spó łki annual (14) ............financial........................... statements are sent to the founders – założ yciele registrar of companies, where they may be inspected by the public.) A to raise capital – zdobywać company that (15) .................files.................. its financial statements late fundusze, kapitał is almost certainly in trouble.) In Britain, founders can buy a ready- venture capital – kapitał made “off-the-shelf” company from an agent, that is, a company wysokiego ryzyka formed and held specifically for later resale; the buyer then changes i.e. – to jest, to znaczy the name, memorandum, and so on. KRS (Krajowy Rejestr Sądowy) – National Court Register KNF (Komisja Nadzoru Finansowego) – Financial Supervision Authority spó łka z o.o. - limited liability company spó łka akcyjna – joint-stock company statut spó łki akcyjnej – statute, articles of association umowa spó łki osobowej – partnership agreement