Supplemental Notes:

The Next Holocaust

and The Refuge in Edom

What is the purpose of the Great Tribulation?

What is the prophetic role of Ammon, Moab,

and Edom (now known as Jordan)?

Where does Jesus return? On the Mount of

Olives or in Bozrah?

In this briefing package, Chuck Missler re-

views the “Time of Jacob’s Trouble” and the
campaign of Armageddon.

© 1996 Koinonia House Inc.

Page 1
 The Next Holocaust
Tape 1: Roots of Conflict
• Where do “those who are in Judea” flee?
(Matthew 24:16) Which mountains?
• Where does Jesus return? The Mount of
Olives or Edom? (Zech 14:4 vs. Isa 63)
The next holocaust: “...such as never to that
time...” (Mt 24:21)
This will be an exploration of some of the less
familiar prophecies of the End-Times, the
Tribulation, and the Second Coming of Jesus
Christ.
Modern Jordan
It seems that there is now a peace agree-
ment between Jordan and the State of
Israel. Even though it took an incentive of
over $950 million to accomplish,1 this agree-
ment may have much more Biblical signifi-
cance than the travesty with the PLO that
has occupied the news media in the past
many months.
The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is not an
ancient kingdom, but rather a European cre-
ation of 1946.
Page 2
Prior to World War I, the areas known as
Ammon, Moab and Edom had previously
been populated by unaffiliated Arabic
Bedouin tribes. It was during the war, when
the British and the Allies were fighting the
Germans and the Ottoman Turks, that Ma-
jor T.E. Lawrence organized his widely pub-
licized “Arab Revolt.”
General Allenby was ultimately victorious in
the Middle East and so the League of Nations
awarded the British a “Mandate” on April 25,
1920 (which was to endure until May 14,
1948).
In 1921 an aggressive young man named
Abdallah, the son of Sharif Hussein of Mecca
in Arabia, moved into the land east of
Jordan river with his troops. The British
Colonial Secretary (an upcoming fellow
named Winston Churchill) recognized
Abdallah as the “Emir (chieftain) of Trans-
Jordan.” Abdallah then consolidated his
control with his British-trained “Arab Le-
gion.” After the war, in 1946, Abdallah was
crowned King of Trans-Jordan. His grand-
son, Hussein, is the current king.
In 1948 Jordan joined in on the attack against
Israel in its War of Independence and suc-
cessfully fought the Haganah and held the
Page 3
 “West Bank.” However, in 1967, again join-
ing Egypt in the “Six-Day War,” they lost it.

Prophetic Relevance

While there are a number of passages that

deal with this area,2 the most provocative
aspect is that it appears this is one of the few
areas that escape the rule of the coming
world leader (commonly known as the “Anti-
christ”):

...many [countries] shall be overthrown: but

these shall escape out of his hand, [even]
Edom, and Moab, and the chief of the children
of Ammon. Dan 11:41

Thus, it seems this area will be a refuge for

the remnant that flees to Jerusalem when
under attack during the Great Tribulation.3
Perhaps the current arrangements between
Israel and Jordan are a prelude to this refuge.
Historical Background
[Refer to Map on page 5.]
Ammon & Moab (Gen 19:30-38)
Ammon was the name of the descendants of
Benammi, Lot’s younger son by his daughter,
born in a cave near Zoar (Gen 19:38). They
Page 4
were regarded as relatives of the Israelites,
who were commanded to treat them kindly
(Deut 2:19).
At the time of the Exodus, Israel did not
conquer Ammon (Deut 2:19, 37; Judg 11:15).
However, the Ammonites were condemned
for joining the Moabites in hiring Balaam,
and were forbidden to enter the congregation
of Israel to the 10th generation (Deut 23:3-6).
Rabbah Ammon is now Amman, the capital
of Jordan.
Page 5
Moab was the son of Lot by incestuous union
with his eldest daughter (Gen 19:37). The
four kings from the East invaded Moab and
overthrew the people of Shaveh-kiriathaim
(Gen 14:5).
Moab, like the others, was a highly organized
kingdom with good agricultural and pastoral
pursuits, splendid buildings, distinctive pot-
tery, and strong fortifications in the shape of
small fortresses strategically placed around
her boundaries.
The Moabites overflowed their main plateau
and occupied areas north of the Arnon, de-
stroying the former inhabitants (Deut 2:10-
11, 19-21; cf. Gen 14:5). These lands were
shared with the closely related Ammonites.
Just prior to the Exodus, these lands north of
the Arnon were wrested from Moab by Sihon,
king of the Amorites. When Israel sought
permission to travel along “the King’s High-
way,” which crossed the plateau, Moab
refused (Judg 11:17), but they may have had
commercial contact (Deut 2:28-29).
Moses was forbidden to attack Moab despite
their unfriendliness (Deut 2:9), although
Moabites were henceforth to be excluded
from Israel (Deut 23:3-6; Neh 13:1).
Page 6
Balak, king of Moab, distressed by the Isra-
elite successes, called for the prophet Balaam
to curse Israel, now settled across the Arnon
(Num 22-24; Josh 24:9).
As Israel prepared to cross the Jordan, they
camped in the “plains of Moab” (Num 22:1;
Josh 3:1) and were seduced by Moabite and
Midianite women to participate in idolatrous
practices (Num 25; Hos 9:10).
In the days of the Judges, Eglon, king of
Moab, invaded Israelite lands as far as Jeri-
cho and oppressed Israel for 18 years. Ehud
the Benjaminite assassinated him (Judg
3:12-30).
The Book of Ruth
Elimelech of Bethlehem migrated to Moab
and his sons married Moabite women, Orpah
and Ruth. Ruth later married Boaz and be-
came the ancestress of David (Ruth 4:18-22;
Mt 1:5-16). [Cf. our briefing package,
Romance of Redemption, for a prophetic study
of the Book of Ruth.]
Saul warred with the Moabites (1 Sam 14:47)
and David lodged his parents there while he
was a fugitive (1 Sam 22:3-4).
Page 7
Later, David subdued Moab and set apart
many Moabites for death (2 Sam 8:2, 12; 1
Chr 18:2, 11). After Solomon’s death, Moab
broke free, but was subdued by Omri of
Israel. [Cf. Moabite Stone.]
Toward the close of Ahab’s life, Moab began
to break free again. Jehoram of Israel sought
the help of Jehoshaphat, king of Judah, and
the king of Edom to regain Moab, but the
campaign was abortive (2 Kgs 1:1; 3:4-27).
Later, Jehoshaphat’s own land was invaded
by a confederacy of Moabites, Ammonites
and Edomites, but confusion broke out and
the allies attacked one another so that Judah
was delivered (2 Chr 20:1-30).
In the year of Elisha’s death, bands of
Moabites raided Israel (2 Kgs 13:20).
During the latter part of the 8th century B.C.
Moab was subdued by Assyria and com-
pelled to pay tribute (Isa 15-16), but after
Assyria fell, Moab was free again.
Moabites entered Judah in the days of
Jehoiakim (2 Kgs 24:2).
At the fall of Jerusalem in 587 B.C. some Jews
found refuge in Moab, but returned when
Gedaliah became governor (Jer 40:11ff). Moab
Page 8
was finally subdued by Nebuchad-nezzar4
and fell successively under the control of the
Persians and various Arab groups.
The Moabites ceased to have independent
existence as a nation, though in post-exilic
times they were known as a race (Ezra 9:1;
Neh 13:1, 23). Alexander Jannaeus subdued
them in the 2nd century B.C.5
In the prophets they are often mentioned and
divine judgment pronounced on them (see Isa
15-16; 25:10; Jer 9:26; 25:21; 27:3; Ezek
25:8-11; Amos 2:1-3; Zeph 2:8-11).
The archaeological story of Moab is slowly
being unravelled. Excavation in Jordan has
not proceeded as rapidly as it has in areas to
the west of the Jordan, although in recent
decades the program has been increased.
Important sites which have yielded signifi-
cant results are Dibon, Aroer, Bab edh-Dhra
and several sites in the area of the Lisan.
Edom
The term Edom denotes either:
1) The name of Esau, given in memory of the
red pottage for which he exchanged his
birthright (Gen 25:30; 36:1, 8, 19), or
Page 9
2) The Edomites collectively (Num 20:18, 20-
21; Amos 1:6, 11; 9:12; Mal 1:4), or
3) The land occupied by Esau’s descendants,
formerly the land of Seir (Gen 32:3; 36:20-
21, 30; Num 24:18).
It stretched from the Wadi Zered to the Gulf
of Aqabah for about 160 km, and extended to
both sides of the Arabah (or wilderness of
Edom, 2 Kgs 3:8,20), the great depression
connecting the Dead Sea to the Red Sea (Gen
14:6; Deut 2:1, 12; Josh 15:1; Judg 11:17-18;
1 Kgs 9:26, etc.). It is a rugged, mountainous
area, with peaks rising to 1,067 m. While not
a fertile land, there are good cultivable areas
(Num 20:17,19).
In Bible times the King’s Highway passed
along the eastern plateau (Num 20:14-18).
Its major towns included Sela, Petra, Bozrah
and Teman.
[The word Esau has been generally consid-
ered to imply “made,” “formed,” or “perfected”;
or “perfect,” “robust,” etc. But it appears to be
a dialectical variation of the Arabic atha, to
be covered with hair; whence athai, hairy, as
no doubt the word Esau imports, in allusion
to the circumstance of his being covered with
red hair or down at his birth.]
Page 10
Early History
Modern archaeology has shown that the land
was occupied before Esau’s time. We con-
clude that Esau’s descendants migrated to
that land and in time became the dominant
group incorporating the original Horites (Gen
14:6) and others into their number.
After about 1850 B.C. there was a break in the
culture of Edom till just before 1300 B.C. and
the land was occupied by nomads.
Esau had already occupied Edom when Ja-
cob returned from Harran (Gen 32:3; 36:6-8;
Deut 2:4, 5; Josh 24:4). Tribal chiefs (AV
“dukes”) emerged here quite early (Gen 36:15-
19,40-43; 1 Chr 1:51-54), and the Edomites
had kings “before any king reigned over the
Israelites” (Gen 36:31-39; 1 Chr 1:43-51).
Refusal To Cross Land
At the time of the Exodus, Israel sought
permission to travel by the King’s Highway,
but the request was refused (Num 20:14-21;
21:4; Judg 11:17-18). Notwithstanding this
discourtesy, Israel was forbidden to abhor
his Edomite brother (Deut 23:7-8). In those
days Balaam predicted the conquest of Edom
(Num 24:18).
Page 11
Joshua allotted the territory of Judah up to
the borders of Edom (Josh 15:1, 21), but did
not encroach on their lands.
Two centuries later King Saul was fighting
the Edomites (1 Sam 14:47), although some
of them were in his service (1 Sam 21:7; 22:9,
18).
David conquered Edom and put garrisons
throughout the land.6 There was consider-
able slaughter of the Edomites at this time (2
Sam 8:13), and 1 Kgs 11:15-16 speaks of
Joab, David’s commander, remaining in Edom
for six months “...until he had cut off every
male in Edom.”
Some must have escaped, for Hadad, a royal
prince, fled to Egypt and later became a
trouble to Solomon (1 Kgs 11:14-22).
This conquest of Edom enabled Solomon to
build a port at Ezion-geber, and to exploit the
copper mines in the region, as excavation
clearly shows (1 Kgs 9:26-28).
In Jehoshaphat’s time the Edomites joined
the Ammonites and Moabites in a raid on
Judah (2 Chr 20:1), but the allies fell to
fighting one another (vv. 22-23). Jehosha-
phat endeavored to use the port at Ezion-
geber, but his ships were wrecked (1 Kgs
22:48). At this time Edom was ruled by a
Page 12
deputy, who acted as king (1 Kgs 22:47).
This “king” acknowledged the supremacy of
Judah and joined the Judah-Israel coalition
in an attack on Mesha, king of Moab (2 Kgs
3:4-27).
Under Joram (Jehoram), Edom rebelled, but
although Joram defeated them in battle, he
could not reduce them to subjection (2 Kgs
8:20-22; 2 Chr 21:8-10), and Edom had a
respite of some 40 years.
Amaziah later invaded Edom, slew 10,000
Edomites in the Valley of Salt, captured Sela
their capital and sent 10,000 more to their
deaths by casting them from the top of Sela (2
Kgs 14:7; 2 Chr 25:11-12). Uzziah, his succes-
sor, restored the port at Elath (2 Kgs 14:22),
but under Ahaz, when Judah was being at-
tacked by Pekah and Rezin, the Edomites
invaded Judah and carried off captives (2
Chr 28:17). The port of Elath was lost once
again. (Read “Edom” for “Aram” in 2 Kgs
16:6, as in the RSV.)
Judah never again recovered Edom. Assyr-
ian inscriptions show that Edom became a
vassal-state of Assyria after 736 B.C.
After the fall of Judah, Edom rejoiced (Ps
137:7). The prophets foretold judgment on
Edom for her bitter hatred (Jer 49:7-22; Lam
Page 13
 4:21-22; Ezek 25:12-14; 35:15; Joel 3:19;
Amos 9:12; Obad 10ff.).
Some Edomites pressed into southern Judah
and settled to the south of Hebron. Edom
proper fell into Arab hands during the 5th
century B.C., and in the 3rd century B.C. was
overrun by the Nabataeans. Through these
centuries yet other Edomites fled to Judah.
Judas Maccabaeus later subdued them (1
Macc 5:65), and John Hyrcanus compelled
them to be circumcised and incorporated into
the Jewish people. When the Romans con-
quered Judea, they appointed Herod, an
Edomite (“Idumean”) as their vassal.
Amalekites
Amalek was the son of Eliphaz and the grand-
son of Esau (Gen 36:12, 16). The name is used
as a collective noun for his descendants,
Amalekites (Ex 17:8; Num 24:20; Deut 25:17;
Judg 3:13, etc.).
[Some writers distinguish the nomadic
Amalekites normally found in the Negev and
Sinai area from the descendants of Esau,
because Gen 14:7, which pre-dates Esau,
refers to “the country of the Amalekites.” The
distinction is unnecessary if we regard the
phrase as a later editorial description.]
Page 14
Israel first met the Amalekites at Rephidim
in the wilderness of Sinai (Ex 17:8-13; Deut
25:17-18). Because of this attack, the
Amalekites came under a permanent ban
and were to be destroyed (Deut 25:19; 1 Sam
15:2-3). On that occasion Aaron and Hur held
up Moses’ hands and Israel prevailed.
A year later, after the report of the spies,
Israel ignored Moses’ command and sought
to enter southern Palestine. The Amalekites
defeated them at Hormah (Num 14:43, 45).
From the days of the Judges, two encounters
are recorded. The Amalekites assisted Eglon,
king of Moab, in attacking Israelite territory
(Judg 3:13), and later combined forces with
the Midianites and the children of the East to
raid Israelite crops and flocks. Gideon drove
them out (Judg 6:3-5, 3; 7:12; 10:12).
From the Exodus onward, Amalekites were
to be found in the Negev, but for a time they
gained a foothold in Ephraim (Judg 12:15).
Balaam, the foreign prophet, looked away to
their lands from his vantage-point in Moab,
and described them as “the first of the na-
tions” (Num 24:20), which may be in regard
to origin or to status.
Samuel commanded Saul to destroy the
Amalekites in the area south of Telaim. Booty
Page 15
was forbidden. Saul pursued them from Judgments Predicted
Havilah to Shur but captured their king
alive. Later, Samuel slew Agag and rebuked • Obadiah (3: Petra), 10, 17-21.
Saul for his disobedience (1 Sam 15). (See • Isa 34:5, 8-17.
Haman, below.) • Mal 1:2-5.
• Ezek 25:12-14; 35:1-5, 7, 9, 12-15.
David fought the Amalekites in the area of
Ziklag which Achish, king of Gath, had given Desolate since the Babylonian captivity (Ezek
him (1 Sam 27:6; 30:1-20). The Amalekites 35:14-15).
declined later, and in Hezekiah’s day the
sons of Simeon attacked “the remnant of the
Amalekites that had escaped,” taking their
stronghold in Mt Seir (1 Chr 4:43).
Haman
Tape 2: The Prophetic Destiny
Haman is the villain of the book of Esther,
who plots to massacre the Jews when his
vanity is hurt by Mordecai’s refusal to bow to
him. He is eventually hanged on the gallows
Purpose, Tragedy, & Triumph of All
that he had prepared for Mordecai. History

He is called an Agagite in Esther 3:1, 10; 8:3, Matthew 23:37-39. [Cf. James’ quote of Amos
5; 9:24. Josephus7 makes him an Amalekite, in Acts 15.]
presumably descended from Agag, whom Saul
spared (1 Sam 15). Palestinian Covenant:

[Mordecai, who brought about Haman’s fall, • Conditions of obedience.

was, like Saul, descended from Kish (Esther • First Deportation: 2 Chr 36:22.
2:5; 1 Sam 9:1)]. • Second Deportation: 70 A.D.
• Regathering: Ezekiel 37.

Page 16 Page 17
The 70th Week
Daniel 9:27:
And he shall confirm the covenant with
many for one week: and in the midst of the
week he shall cause the sacrifice and the
oblation to cease, and for the overspread-
ing of abominations he shall make it
desolate, even until the consummation,
and that determined shall be poured upon
the desolate.
• Church vs. Israel;
• 3.5 vs. 7 years;
• Begins with the enforcement of the cov-
enant with the Coming World Leader; (not
the rapture...)
General Descriptions
Little Apocalypse, Isa 24:1- 27:13. The Day of
Jehovah passages: Isa 2:12-22; 13:6-16; Ezek
30:1-9; Joel 1:15-20; Obad 10-20; Zeph 1:14-
18; 2 Pet 3:10-12; Rev 6-19.

“Confirm”: The Antichrist “enforces, confirms, OT Terms Used

the covenant,” not “signs a treaty.” The Time of Jacob’s Trouble Jeremiah 30:7
The 70th Week of Daniel Dan 9:27
“Covenant”: Note Septuagint rendering. Jehovah’s Strange Work Isaiah 28:21
Jehovah’s Strange Act Isaiah 28:21
Same word used of the token of a covenant in The Day of Israel’s Calamity Deut 32:35; Obad 12-14
Genesis and Revelation: tox, no , bow (token of a The Tribulation Deut 4:30
covenant?); Gen 9:13, 14-16; Rev 6:2. The Indignation Isa 26:20; Dan 11:36
The Overflowing Scourge Isa 28:15, 18
The Day of Vengeance Isa 34:8;35:4; 61:2
The Covenant with Death The Year of Recompense Isa 34:8
The Time of Trouble Dan 12:1; Zeph 1:15
Isa 28:14-22: Note “scoffers,” mockers, rather The Day of Wrath Zeph 1:15
The Day of Distress Zeph 1:15
than serious leaders; seeking a measure of The Day of Wasteness Zeph 1:15
security rather than the “overflowing The Day of Desolation Zeph 1:15
scourge”; “making lies their refuge....” The Day of Darkness Zeph 1:15; Amos 5:28, 20;
Joel 2:2
The Day of Gloominess Zeph 1:15; Joel 2:2
The Tribulation The Day of Clouds Zeph 1:15; Joel 2:2
The Day of Thick Darkness Zeph 1:15; Joel 2:2
False presumptions: The Day of the Trumpet Zeph 1:16
The Day of Alarm Zeph 1:16
Page 18 Page 19
NT Terms Used
The Day of the Lord
The Wrath of God
The Hour of Trial
The Great Day of the Wrath
of the Lamb of God
The Wrath to Come
The Wrath
The Great Tribulation
The Tribulation
The Hour of Judgment
Purposes
1. To make an end of wickedness and wicked
ones (Isa 13:9; 24:19-20).
General description of Israel in the Tribula-
tion: Isa 3:1-4:1.
1 Thess 5:2
Rev 15:1, 7; 14:10, 19; 16:1
Also, Day of Jehovah passages: Ezek 13:1-7;
Rev 3:10
Zech 13:2-6; Joel 2:1-11; 3:14-17 (note “time
Rev 6:16-17 of refuge”); Amos 5:18-20; Zeph 1:7-13 (note
1 Thess 1:10 focus on Jerusalem).
1 Thess 5:9; Rev 11:18
Mt 24:21; Rev 2:22; 7:14
Mt 24:29 Worldwide anti-Semitism: Mt 24:9-28 (v.13,
Rev 14:7 those who endure to the end will be saved);
verse 15 triggers the second half of Tribula-
tion, with the Abomination of Desolation.
Revelation 12:1-17 summarizes the Satanic
role toward Israel. (Compare Michael’s role:
Rev 12:7-12 with Dan 12:1.)

2. To bring about a world-wide revival (Rev
7:1-17, through the 144,000; Mt 24:14).
3. To break the power of the Holy People—
Israel (Dan 11,12; Dan 12:5-7; Ezek 20:34-
38).
The Time of Jacob’s Trouble
(Jer 30:4-7)
Israel is “God’s first born” (Ex 4:22); there-
fore, she receives a double portion (Deut
21:17): Isa 40:1-2; Jer 16:16-18.
Zech 13:8-9 gives the result. (Hitler killed
1/3 of the world Jewish population. The
Antichrist will kill 2/3.)
The Remnant
Confidential Briefing (Mt 24:15): flee into
(which?) mountains. These are the “non-
many” of Dan 9:27, the “escaped” ones of Isa
10:20-23; 28:22; also Isa 4:2, 37:31-32; Joel
2:32; and Obad 17.
God protects them (Isa 41:8-16) and provides
for them (Isa 41:17-20).

Page 20 Page 21
 Referred to in Rev 12:6 & 14. Isa 3:13-16
reaffirms the provisions of Isa 41 and 68:8-
16, and indicates that it will be in the moun-
tains, amid “the munitions of rocks” and easy
to defend. Micah 2:12 pinpoints Bozrah, which
was located in the region of Mount Seir,
located on the western side of Edom in south-
ern Jordan.
Bozrah
Bozrah means “sheepfold.” An ancient
sheepfold had a narrow entrance so that the
shepherd could count his sheep, and, once
inside, he could guard a single entrance to
contain them. (Cf. “I am the door,” John 10).
It appears that Sela, now Petra, fits the
description, shaped like an ancient sheep-
fold, with a narrow passageway (the “Siq”)
opening up to a spacious city surrounded by
cliffs.
Daniel 11:41 indicates an interesting excep-
tion to the rule of the Antichrist:
He shall enter also into the glorious land,
and many [countries] shall be overthrown:
but these shall escape out of his hand,
[even] Edom, and Moab, and the chief of
the children of Ammon.
Page 22
It would appear that this is then the likely
place for the remnant to flee. It is also
interesting that this area, Jordan, is the
subject of a recent treaty with Israel.
Background: The Rejection of the
Messiah
The rejection of His Messiahship occurred in
Matthew 12:22-37.
Note: in Jewish exorcism, one first had to
establish communication with the demon (as
in Luke 8:30, et al.) In the case of a dumb
demon, Jewish exorcism was thus impos-
sible. This appears to be validated by Christ
in Mk 9:17, 25, 29.
Jewish theology held that only the Messiah
could cast such out.8 In Mt 12:22, Jesus
exorcised the demon, and the people began
asking, “Can Jesus really be the Messiah?”
The leadership had to explain the basis of
this unusual feat, attributing it to Beelzebub,
the prince of demons. (In vv.25-29, Jesus
rebuts this, implying a division in Satan’s
kingdom, etc.)
In vv. 30-37, and 41-45, Jesus pronounced
judgment upon that Jewish generation. The
Page 23
 “unpardonable sin” was a national sin. This
was confirmed at the Triumphal Entry, in
Luke 19:41-44. 38 years later, in 70 A.D., this
judgment began. (Cf. 38 years from the
failure at Kadesh-Barnea, Deut 2:14, et al.)
Christ announces His new policy regarding
miracles (Mt 12:38-40) confining them to the
“sign of the prophet Jonah.” [Some see
Lazarus as the first fulfillment (John 11:1-
57); His resurrection as the second; and the
resurrection of the Two Witnesses as the
third.] Matthew 23 highlights the judgment.
[Abel to Zechariah: Abel is in Genesis;
Zechariah in 2 Chronicles, the final book in
their order of the Scriptures.]
Historical Escape
The Book of Hebrews was written to a group
of Jewish Christians considering a return to
Judaism. Josephus and Eusebius, quoting
Hegisippius, a Jewish Christian historian,
recorded how Hebrew Christians, in obedi-
ence to the Book of Hebrews, separated them-
selves from Judaism.
So during the revolt against Rome, begun in
66 A.D., the entire Jewish Christian commu-
nity left the country and waited out the war
in the town of Pella on the east bank of the
Page 24
Jordan.9 Although 1.2 million Jews died in
the Jewish revolt against Rome, not one
Hebrew Christian was killed. They were
spared the judgment upon that generation.
The Prerequisite to the Second
Coming of Jesus Christ
Key Passages
• Lev 26:40-42. Because of disobedience, they
would be scattered over the world. Their
blessings and promises conditioned upon
confessing their iniquity. “Iniquity” (v.40)
is singular and specific.
• Jer 3:11-18.
• Zech 12:10. Israel must look unto (not upon
as in KJV).
• Hos 5:15. Israel’s offense was the rejection
of His Messiahship. (His execution was the
result of the condemnation and sentencing
of a Gentile judge, and done by Gentile
hands.)
• Mt 23:37-39. Jesus will not come back to the
earth until the Jews and Jewish leaders
request Him to come back.
Page 25
 The “Campaign” of Armageddon10
[“Day of Vengeance”? Cf. Isa 61:2b]
1) The Assembling of the Armies of the Anti-
christ (Rev 16:12-16): There isn’t really a
“battle”; this, the Valley of Jezreel, is the
staging area for the armies coming against
Jerusalem, and thus against God the Fa-
ther and His Messiah. God’s viewpoint is
one of mockery (Joel 3:9-11; Ps 2:1-6).
2) The Destruction of Babylon: The key power
center is in Babylon (Zech 5:5-11). Its
destruction is detailed in Isaiah 13 & 14 and
Jeremiah 50 & 51. (These prophecies are
not an allegory of Rome, etc. They are
Chaldean, on the banks of the Euphrates,
etc. The Babylon of history never ended this
way; it atrophied over the centuries and its
rebuilding has begun in recent years. It
is to be destroyed like Sodom and Gomorrah,
never to be inhabited, etc. (For reconcilia-
tion with Rev 17 & 18, see our briefing
package, The Mystery of Babylon.)
3) The Fall of Jerusalem (Zech 12:1-9; 14:1-2;
Micah 4:11-5:1): Over half the city is taken
into slavery by the Gentile forces from the
Valley of Jezreel.
Page 26
4) The Armies at Bozrah (Jer 49:13-14; Micah
2:12): The world army pursues the rem-
nant, which has fled to the mountains of
Edom in Jordan.
5) The National Regeneration of Israel: The
required confession (Lev 26:40-42; Jer 3:11-
18; Hos 5:15) and the pleading for the Mes-
siah (Zech 12:10) inaugurates the final three
days of the campaign with the pleading in
Hos 6:1-3 (and, perhaps, the national con-
fession as in Isa 53:1-9), fulfilling Romans
11:25-27. (See also Zech 12:10-13:9; Joel
2:28-32; Isa 64:1-12; Ezek 20:33f; Ps 79:1-
13; 80:1-19.)
6) The Second Coming of Christ: Isa 34:1-7;
note the city of Bozrah; Isa 63:1-6; the per-
son is none other than the Messiah, Christ.
(Note: His armies are not involved in the
fighting!)
Hab 3:3; Teman and Mount Paran are also
in the same mountain range in the vicinity of
Bozrah in Edom.
Micah 2:12-13; the breaker, the king, and
Jehovah the King are all the same person in
this verse. (Also, perhaps, Judg 5:4-5 may
refer to this event.)
Page 27
 Shekinah glory: the clouds of heaven (Mt
24:30). Acts 1:9-11: “same manner...” (Not
same place).
Rev 19:1-18 “Armies” (plural); Angels: Mt
16:27; Saints: Jude 14,15. [He fights at
Bozrah alone: Isa 63:1-6.]
Also: Num 24:16-19; Isa 16:1, 14 (3 years?);
Ezek 35; Jer 48; Hab 3:1-19 (Heb: prophetic
perfect = future); Ps 18:8-16; Zech 12:7
(Bozrah, “tents of Judah” first, then Jerusa-
lem).
7) From Bozrah to the Valley of Jehoshaphat:
Isa 63:1-4; Rev 19:13; Isa 34:5-6, 8. The
Antichrist is powerless before Christ (Hab
3:13; 2 Thess 2:8; Isa 14:3-11, 16-21). Armies
destroyed (Zech 14:12-15; Joel 3:12-13). At
Bozrah (Jer 49:20-22); then Megiddo. Bozrah
to Megiddo = 176 miles; 1600 furlongs (Rev
14:20).
8) The Victory Ascent upon the Mount of
Olives: Zech 14:3-4; Rev 16:17-21; Mt 24:29;
Joel 3:14-17.
Page 28
Appendix:
Role & Placement of Ezekiel 38
Ezekiel 38 is not part of Armageddon scenario:
1) Invasion comes from the north; Armageddon
from the whole earth;
2) Definite armies from the north (Magog); not
all nations of the world;
3) Egypt not involved (cf. King of the South in
Dan 11:40);
4) Russian invasion for spoil; Armageddon to
destroy the Jews;
5) Seven-month cleanup inconsistent with
Israel’s flight;
6) Cleansing may be preparation for rebuild-
ing the Temple;
7) Seven years’ energy requirement would carry
into the Millennium(?).
[See The Magog Invasion, book or briefing
package for further study.]
Page 29
 Bibliography
Fruchtenbaum, Arnold G., Footsteps of the
Messiah, Ariel Press, Tustin CA, 1982.
Fruchtenbaum, Arnold G., Israelology: The
Missing Link in Systematic Theology, Ariel
Press, Tustin CA, 1989.
Harding, G. Lankester, The Antiquities of
Jordan, Lutterworth Press, London, 1959.
Hutchings, N. W., Petra in History and
Prophecy, Hearthstone Publishing Ltd.,
Oklahoma City OK, 1991.
Lindsey, Hal, Road to Holocaust, Bantam
Books, NY, 1989.
Roddis, I., Petra, Arabesque Int, Amman
Jordan, 1992.
2. Mt. Seir (Esau’s descendants in southern
Jordan and northern Saudi Arabia): Ezek
35:3-5, 10, 12; 36:2, 3, 5.
3. Isa 16:1; 63:1ff; Mic 2:12; Mt 24:15-22.
4. Josephus, Antiquities, 10. 181.
5. Josephus, Antiquities, 13. 374.
6. 2 Sam 8:13-14. Emend Aram in v.13 to
Edom because of a scribal confusion of resh
“r” and daleth “d.” Cf. 1 Ch. 18:13.
7. Josephus, Antiquities, 11. 209.
8. Fruchtenbaum, Footsteps of the Messiah, p.
205.
9. Ibid, p. 212.
10. After Fruchtenbaum.

Notes:

1. Washington offered King Hussein the waiv-

ing of $950 million of debt owed by Jordan,
and assistance in modernization of his armed
forces as an incentive for the meeting with
Yitzhak Rabin.

Page 30 Page 31
 Commentaries on Tape

Chuck Missler’s Expositional Commen-

taries are now available from Koinonia House.
Each volume consists of eight cassette tapes
and includes notes, diagrams, and a compre-
hensive bibliography. Write for a complete
list.

Monthly Newsletter

Personal UPDATE, a monthly newsletter high-

lighting the Biblical relevance of current
events, is also available by writing:

Koinonia House
P.O. Box D
Coeur d'Alene, ID
83816-0347
www.khouse.org
Page 32