PETE 2032

Second Hour Exam

3/14/2006

All work must be shown.

All writing must be legible, if I can’t read it, it is wrong.
All work must be contained on the pages of the exam and the attached calculation sheets.
No open books, no additional notes (except the 3”x5” card); keep your eyes on your own papers.

Do not write your name on the exam, use the last four digits of
your student number.

“An investment in knowledge always pays the best interest.”

Benjamin Franklin

1
PETE 2032
Second Hour Exam
3/14/2006

1. (15%) The Aqua Vitae No. 1 well in the Rara Avis Field has the production history shown in the graph
below. The separator gas is metered and has an operating pressure of 95 psig and an operating temperature of
80oF. The specific gravity of the separator gas is 0.7 and the stock-tank oil gravity is 35o API. Estimate the
bubble point pressure and the solution GOR at the bubble point.

Pb = 1500 psi

GOR = 260 + 42 = 302 SCF/STB

42 SCF/STB From Fig 9-3

2
PETE 2032
Second Hour Exam
3/14/2006

2. (10%) Using Figure 6-4, calculate the coefficient of isothermal compressibility of a gas with a specific
gravity of 0.83 at 3500 psia and 185oF.

3500
p pr   5.43
644
185  460
T pr   1.573
410
c pr T pr  0.201
0.201
c pr   0.1278
1.573
c pr 0.1278
cg    0.0001984  198.4 x10 6 psi 1
p pc 644

3. (16%) A black oil reservoir was initially tested with a reservoir pressure of 4520 psia and a
reservoir temperature of 180oF. Laboratory tests indicated that the bubble point of the reservoir fluid
was 2850 psia at 180oF.
a. As the reservoir is produced, the reservoir pressure declines to 2900 psia. How are the following
fluid properties affected by the change in pressure? (circle the correct answer)

Oil formation volume factor, Bo (decreases, increases, remains constant)

Solution gas-oil ratio, Rs (decreases, increases, remains constant)
Producing gas-oil ratio, GOR (decreases, increases, remains constant)
Oil Viscosity,  (decreases, increases, remains constant)

b. As production continues, the reservoir pressure declines to 1700 psia. How are the following
fluid properties affected by the change in pressure? (circle the correct answer)

Total formation volume factor, Bt (decreases, increases, remains constant)

Coefficient of isothermal compressibility, co (decreases, increases, remains constant)
Oil viscosity, o (decreases, increases, remains constant)
Solution gas-oil ratio, Rs (decreases, increases, remains constant)

4. (9%) Circle the correct answer

3
PETE 2032
Second Hour Exam
3/14/2006

a. At pressures above the bubble point pressure, Bt is (greater than, less than, the same as) Bo. At
pressures below the bubble point pressure, Bt is (greater than, less than, the same as) Bo.
b. Which of the following factors has the greatest effect on Bo? (circle the correct answer)
i. Pressure
ii. Temperature
iii. Dissolved Gas

5. (10%) When the reservoir pressure initially drops below the bubble point pressure, the producing
gas-oil ratio may decline slightly. Explain why.

Gas that comes out of solution initially remains in the reservoir as free but isolated gas. The solution
GOR in the oil is lower as a result; therefore the produced GOR is lower. When the gas in the
reservoir reaches critical gas saturation, free gas along with solution gas is produced. At this point,
produced GOR (which is made up of solution gas and free gas) increases.

6. (15%) A Miocene reservoir in South Louisiana contains 7,500,000 barrels of gas at 4000 psig and
194oF. The gas has a specific gravity of 0.65. How many scf (standard cubic feet) of gas is this?

zT RVB
B g  0.00502
p SCF Equation 6-3

T = 194 + 460 = 654oR; p = 4000 psig + 14.7 psia = 4014.7 psia; g = 0.65

Ppc = 671 psia; Tpc = 367oR

4014.7
p pr   5.983
671
654
T pr   1.782
367
z  0.935

Bg 
 0.00502  0.935 654   0.000765 RVB
4014.7 SCF
7,500,000 RVB
G  9,803,921,569 SCF  9,803,922 MCF  9,804 MMCF  9.8BCF
0.000765 RVB
SCF

7. (5%) Name the five laboratory procedures normally performed for a black oil reservoir fluid study.

4
PETE 2032
Second Hour Exam
3/14/2006

1. Composition Measurement
2. Flash Vaporization
3. Differential Vaporization
4. Separator Tests
5. Oil Viscosity Measurement

8. (20%) Refer to the attached Table 10-1 (page 7) for Separator Tests.

a. What is the optimum operating separator pressure __100 psig___________________

b. What is the bubble-point pressure of the reservoir __2620 psig__________________
c. What is the Reservoir Temperature (oF) _________220oF_____________________
d. Calculate the specific gravity of the oil at optimum operating separator pressure.

API  47.7 o
141.5
o 
131.5  API
141.5
o   0.8217
131.5  40.7

5
PETE 2032
Second Hour Exam
3/14/2006

6
PETE 2032
Second Hour Exam
3/14/2006

7
PETE 2032
Second Hour Exam
3/14/2006

8
PETE 2032
Second Hour Exam
3/14/2006

9
PETE 2032
Second Hour Exam
3/14/2006

Useful Conversion Factors

1 barrel = 5.615 ft3

1 barrel = 42 gallons
1 ft3 = 7.48 gallons
1 cc = 0.0000063 barrels
1 acre-foot = 7,758 barrels
1 acre = 43,560 ft2
o
R = oF + 460
psia = psig + 14.7 (14.65 to 15.025)

10
PETE 2032
Second Hour Exam
3/14/2006

11
PETE 2032
Second Hour Exam
3/14/2006

12
PETE 2032
Second Hour Exam
3/14/2006

13