Welding of Pipelines and Related Fac! 1 Scope This standard covers the gas and are welding of butt, filet, and socket welds in carbon and low-olloy steel piping used in the compression, pumping, and transmission of crude petroleum, petroleum praducts, fuel gases, carbon dioxide, hitrogen, and where applicable, cavers. welding on distibution systems, it applies to both new construction aid in- service welding. The welding may be done by a shielded motal arc wekling, submerged arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding, gas metal arc welling, flux-cored arc welding, plasma arc welling, exyacetylene welding, or fash bat. wolding process ar by a cambination of these pracesses using a manual, semiautomatic, mechanized, or automatic welding technique or @ combination of these techniques. The welds may be produced by positian oF roll welding oF by ‘a combinatton of position and roll welding. This standard also covers the procedures for radiographic, magnetic particle, liquid penetrant, and ultrasonic testing, a8 well a8 the acceptance standards to be applied to production welds tasted to destruction or inspected by radiographic, magnetic particle, liquid penetrant, ultrasonic, and visual testing methads, ‘The values stated In aithr U.S. customary units (USG) units or metric units (S1) are to be regarded separately as ‘standard. Each system is to be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way, ‘The figures depicted in this standard are not drawn to scale, It fs intended that all work performed in accordance with this standard meels or exceeds the requirements of this standard. ‘While this standard is comprehensive, it may not across all issues that may arise. The absence of guidance ar requirements is nat to be considered prohibitive to a particular activity or approach that is based upan sound ‘engineering judgment: For example, other industry standards, reliable engineering teats and analyses, oF established industry practices may pravide useful reference to establish sound engineering judgment. 2 Normative References The following referenced dacuments are indispensable for the applicalian of this document, For dated references, ‘only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies ‘API Specification 5L, Specification for Line Pipe ‘API Recommended Practice 2201, Safe Hal Tapping Practices in the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries ASNT ACCP 1, ASNT Central Certification Program ASNT SNT-TC-1A,, Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing ASTM A370?, Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Stee! Products ASTM E23, Standard Tast Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials ASTM E168, Standard Practice for Contact Uttrasonic Testing of Weldments ASTM E165, Standard Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination 1 American Sociaty for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Avingate Lane, P.O, Box 28518, Columbus, Ohla 43228, www.asnt.org. 2 ASTM Intemational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428, wirw.asim.org, 1Contents 33. Two-in, Nick Break Test Specimen tee (AA Top View (Width in Circumferential Direction) of the Tensile A.2 Champy Specimen and V-notch Location for the HAZ Impact Te A.3 Orientation of GTOD Test Specimen... . Ad Machining Objective for CTOD Test Specimon with Reapect to Pipe Wall... A.5 Location of Natch for Weld Metal Specimen . 7 te A6 Loeation of Notch for Heat-atfeeted Zone Specimen . ‘A.? Option 1 lmporfection Limits for CTOD = 0,010 In, (0.28 mm) « A.8 Option 1 Imperfection Limits for 0.004 in, (0.10 mm) < CTOD <0.010 in, (0.28 mm) AD Adewabie mparfection Sine Curves Before and After Helght Adjustment A410 Schematic Gverview of the Option 2 Procedure......... . A.A Criteria for Evaluation of Imperfection Interaction ..... B.1 Examples of Typical Temper Bend Deposition Sequences . . B.2 Suggested Procodure and Welder Qualification Tost Assembly. B.3. Suggested Location of Test Specimens for Sleeve and Branch Wek B.4 Suggested Location of Tost Spocimens for Wold Deposition Repai B.S Macro Test Specimen—tn-service Welds Face Bend Test Specimen . fi Reinforcing Pac Reinforcing Saddle ...... land Saddle... 1 Filler Metal Groups .....-.. 2 Type and Number of Test Specimens for Procedure Qualification Test. 3 Type and Number of Butt Wold Test Specimens per Welder for Welder Qualification Test and Destructive Testing of Production Welds : Sen 4 Maximum Dimensions of Undercutting .. 5 Type and Number of Butt Weld Test Specimens por Ropair Type for Repat Procedure Qualification. . © Repair Wold Maximum Hardness Values, HV10..... 7 Type and Number of Butt Weld Test Specimens per 8 — Weld Thickness vs Diameter of ASTM E747 Wire Type IQ 9 Weld Thickness vs Diameter ef ISO Wire Type Ia . 40 Type and Number of Test Specimens for Procedure Qualification Test (Fiash Weld Only}... A.J Allowed Range of Variation from the Targeted Mean Values for a Lot Defined by Controllod Chomical Composition ....+..6..s0+5 AZ. Initia! Allowable Imperfection Size for F, ‘Ad Example Acceptance Table ‘Ad Acceptance Limits for Buried Volumetric Imperfections AS Acceptable Limits for Unrepaired Arc Burns 8.1 Type and Number of Specimens—in-service Welding Procedure Qualification Tost... 108 8.2 Type-and Number of Test Specimens for Longitudinal Seam Welds—Welder Qualification Test... 111 “( Contents: 1.9 Acceptance Standards for NDT . 13.10 Repair and Removal of Defects ....csssscssssesesstses 13.11 Radiographic Proceduro......... ‘ Annex.A (normative) Alternative Acceptance Standards for Girth Welds Annex B (normative) In-service WoldINg. vs. sesscreevee see 102 ‘Annex G (normative) Requests for interpretation and Request for Revision to the Document... aT Figures 1 Sample Welding Procedure Spectfication Form... . boeettersrerenerer sere 10 2 — Sample Coupon Test Report 4 etait 3 Location of Test Butt Wold Specimens eeceereeees tees AT 4 Tension Test Specimen, 19 6 Nick Break Test Specimen . . +20 & Dimensioning of Imperfections in Exposed Weld Surtaces, 2 T Root and Face Bend Test Specimen: Wall Thicknessos Los mim)... 24 8 Jig for Guldod-bond T0Sts ess vvissrersrsesssseenees 9 Side Bend Test Specimen: Wall Thicknesses Groater than 0.500 in. (12.7 mm) 10 Location of Nick Break Test Specimens: Fillet Weld Procedure and Welder Qualification Tost Weld: re aie bess 11 Location of Nick Broak Tast Specimens: Fillet Weld Procedure and Welder Qualification ‘Test Welds, Including Size-to-size Branch Gonnection Welder Qualification Test .. a 12 Location of Test Butt Weld Specimens for Welder Qualification Test... . 13 Inadequate Penetration Without High-low . 14 Inadequate Penetration Due to High-low . 15 Inadequate Cross Penetration... 48 Incomplete Fusion at Roat of Bead or Top of Joint 17 Ineomplote Fusion Due to Cold Lap . 18 Internal Goncavity 19 Maximum Distribution of Gas Pockets: Wall Thicknass (#) Loss Than or Equal to (0,500 in, (12.7 mm) « 20 Maximum Distribution of Gas Pockets: Wall Thickness (1) Greater Than 0.500 in. (12.7 mm)... 21 Hardness Locations for Full Thickness Repair Procedure Qualification 22 Hardness Locations for Partial Thickness Repair Procedure Qualification at Weld Centerline ....... 51 23 Hardness Locations for Cover Pass Repair Procedure at Weld Centerline 24 Hardness Losation for Baok Weld Repair or Internal Parti! Thickness Repair Procedure at Weld Centerline. 25 Hardness Locations for Cover Pass Repair Procedure at Fusion Line « 26 Hardnoss Locations for Partial Thickness Repair at Fusion Line. 27 Reference Block for Manual Ultrasonic Testing 28 Establishing Distance, Refracted Angle, and Velocity... 29 30 Transfer Procedure ss... .cseeeeveree Lacation of Test Butt Weld Specimens for Flash Weld Procedure Qualification ‘Test: Outside Diameter Greater Than 19 In. (457 mm) but Less Than or Equal to 24 in. (610 mm)... 72 31 Location of Test Butt Weld Specimens for Flash Weld Procedure Qualification ‘Test: Outside Diamotor Greater Than 24 In. (610 mm) but Less Than or Equal to 30 in. (762 mm)... 73 32 Location of Test Butt Weld Specimens for Flash Weld Procedure Qualification ‘Test: Outside Diamotor Greator Than 30 in. (762 mm) . w