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Fluid Mechanics
p2 - p1=-ρg(y2-y1)
p=po+ ρgh
F1 F2
p= =
A1 A2
A2
F2 = F1
A1
Archimedes’ Principle:
When a body is completely or partially immersed in a fluid, the fluid exerts an
upward force on the body equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body.
Liquid alone
tends to minimize its surface area
Laminar flow:
adjacent layers of fluid slide
smoothly & flow steadily
Turbulent flow:
irregular & chaotic flow
no steady-state pattern
Denser streamlines, higher speed
Continuity Equation
Incompressible fluid:
dm1=dm2 (ρA1v1dt= ρA2v2dt)
A1v1= A2v2
1 1
p1 + ρgy1 + ρv12 = p2 + ρgy 2 + ρv2 2
2 2
p1=p2
1
ρgy1 + ρv12 = ρgy 2
2
Torricelli’s theorem: v1 = 2 g ( y 2 − y1 )
2 2
Where the speed is high, the pressure is low.