Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
STANDARD TES-155
Page 1 of 3
Anchor Bolt Design Criteria DATE: Rev:
01/27/2016 2
Contents
1.0 Introduction .....................................1 3.0 Definitions ....................................... 2
1.1 Purpose ........................................ 1
4.0 Amendments to PIP STE05121 ........ 2
1.2 Scope ........................................... 1
5.0 Attachments .................................... 3
2.0 References .......................................1
2.1 Tesoro Engineering Standards ....... 1
2.2 Process Industry Practices (PIP)..... 1
2.3 Industry Codes and Standards ....... 2
2.4 Government Regulations ............... 2
List of Tables
Table 1 Definitions ........................................................................................................................ 2
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose
TES-155 serves as a Cover Sheet for Process Industry Practice (PIP) STE05121 - Anchor
Bolt Design Guide with applicable additions, deletions, modifications, and clarifications
listed with associated paragraphs.
1.2 Scope
1.2.1 TES-155, along with PIP STE05121, provides the engineer and designer
guidelines for anchor design for use by the process industry companies and
engineering/construction firms.
1.2.2 TES-155 is presented in the form of examples and design considerations that
should be utilized by contractors in addition to the requirements identified by
PIP STE05121.
2.0 REFERENCES
Applicable requirements in the latest edition (or the edition indicated) of STE05121 Anchor Bolt
Design Guide shall be considered an integral part of this Practice. Additional references are listed
below. Short titles will be used herein when appropriate.
2.1 Tesoro Engineering Standards
TES-407 – Recommended Practices for Machinery Installation and Installation Design
2.2 Process Industry Practices (PIP)
STE05121 - Anchor Bolt Design Guide, October 2006
3.0 DEFINITIONS
Definitions as provided in PIP STE05121 Anchor Bolt Design Guide are applicable to this standard.
The following definitions are also applicable to this standard and may take precedence over the
definitions provided in PIP STS03601.
Table 1 Definitions
Term Description
Owner Tesoro Refining & Marketing Company
Denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the intent of
Shall the standard.
Denotes a recommendation which is advised but not required in order
Should to conform to the standard.
TES Tesoro Engineering Standard
coated. The embedment depth and loads transferred to the concrete shall be
evaluated based on ACI provisions.
(Added) Materials for carbon steel anchor bolts shall be ASTM A 36 unless
otherwise specified. Material of nuts for carbon steel anchor bolts shall be per
ASTM A 307, Grade B, hexagon, heavy series, or ASTM A 325, Type 3.
(Added) Material for alloy steel anchor bolts shall be per ASTM A 193, Grade B7
or in accordance with the AISC Manual of Steel Construction. Materials of nuts
for alloy steel anchor bolts shall be per ASTM A 194, Grade 2H.
(Added) Acceptable anchor bolt details are given in the Appendix. Alternate
designs shall be submitted to the Owner’s Engineer for approval. As-built plan,
elevation and detail drawings of anchor bolt placement and design shall be
submitted to the Owner’s Engineer.
4.2 Sleeves
(Added) If difficulty is expected in maintaining anchor bolt alignment, sleeves
shall be specified. Unless otherwise approved by the Owner’s Engineer, sleeves
shall not be used with bolts larger than 1-1/2 inches in diameter or when
multiple anchor bolts are required in a small area. Templates shall be used for
such bolts. Generally, sleeves are not used for anchor bolts for column
base plates.
4.3 Washers
(Added) Alloy bolting material with a washer and two nuts shall be used when
anchoring reciprocating compressors and other equipment subject to severe
vibration.
5.0 ATTACHMENTS
The following document is included as an attachment.
PIP STE05121 - Anchor Bolt Design Guide, October 2006
TECHNICAL CORRECTION
October 2006
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
PURPOSE AND USE OF PROCESS INDUSTRY PRACTICES
In an effort to minimize the cost of process industry facilities, this Practice has
been prepared from the technical requirements in the existing standards of major
industrial users, contractors, or standards organizations. By harmonizing these
technical requirements into a single set of Practices, administrative, application, and
engineering costs to both the purchaser and the manufacturer should be reduced. While
this Practice is expected to incorporate the majority of requirements of most users,
individual applications may involve requirements that will be appended to and take
precedence over this Practice. Determinations concerning fitness for purpose and
particular matters or application of the Practice to particular project or engineering
situations should not be made solely on information contained in these materials. The
use of trade names from time to time should not be viewed as an expression of
preference but rather recognized as normal usage in the trade. Other brands having the
same specifications are equally correct and may be substituted for those named. All
Practices or guidelines are intended to be consistent with applicable laws and
regulations including OSHA requirements. To the extent these Practices or guidelines
should conflict with OSHA or other applicable laws or regulations, such laws or
regulations must be followed. Consult an appropriate professional before applying or
acting on any material contained in or suggested by the Practice.
PRINTING HISTORY
January 2003 Issued
October 2003 Technical Correction
October 2006 Technical Correction
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
Table of Contents
5.6 Minimum Dimensions..................... 13
1. Introduction................................. 3
1.1 Purpose............................................ 3 6. Ductile Design .......................... 14
1.2 Scope ............................................... 3 6.1 Ductile Design Philosophy ............. 14
1.3 Use of “Shall” and “Should”.............. 3 6.2 Critical Areas Requiring Ductile
1.4 Dimensions ...................................... 3 Design ............................................ 14
6.3 Requirements for Ductile Design ... 15
2. References .................................. 3 6.4 Means to Achieve Ductile Design .. 15
2.1 Process Industry Practices............... 3
2.2 Industry Codes and Standards......... 3 7. Reinforcing Design .................. 16
2.3 Government Regulations ................. 4 7.1 General .......................................... 16
2.4 Other References............................. 5 7.2 Failure Surface............................... 16
7.3 Reinforcing Design to Transfer
3. Notation ....................................... 5 Tensile Forces ............................... 17
7.4 Reinforcing to Transfer Shear Forces18
4. Materials...................................... 8
4.1 Anchors ............................................ 8 8. Frictional Resistance ............... 18
4.2 Sleeves ............................................ 9 8.1 General .......................................... 18
4.3. Washers........................................... 9 8.2 Calculating Resisting Friction Force19
4.4 Corrosion........................................ 10
9. Shear Lug Design..................... 19
5. Strength Design........................ 11 9.1 Calculating Shear Load Applied to
5.1 Loading .......................................... 11 Shear Lug....................................... 20
5.2 Anchor Bolt Design Spreadsheet 9.2 Design Procedure for Shear Lug
(Available to PIP Members Only) ... 11 Plate ............................................... 20
5.3 Anchor Design Considerations....... 12 9.3 Design Procedure for Shear Lug Pipe
5.4 Shear Strength of Anchors in a Section ........................................... 21
Rectangular Pattern ....................... 12
5.5 Shear Strength of Anchors in a
Circular Pattern .............................. 12
Tables
1. Minimum Anchor Dimensions....... A-1
2. Reinforcement Tensile Capacity and
Tensile Development Length ........ A-2
3. Hairpin Reinforcement Design and
Details........................................... A-3
4. Pretension Load and Torque
Recommendations........................ A-4
Figures
A. Anchor Details .............................. A-5
B-1. Concrete Breakout Strength of
Anchors in Shear –
Octagon “Weak” Anchors ............. A-6
B-2. Concrete Breakout Strength of
Anchors in Shear –
Octagon “Strong” Anchors............ A-7
C-1. Tensile Reinforcement –
Vertical Dowels ............................. A-8
C-2 Tensile Reinforcement –
Vertical Hairpin ............................. A-9
D-1. Shear Reinforcement –
Horizontal Hairpin ....................... A-10
D-2. Shear Reinforcement –
Closed Ties................................. A-11
D-3. Shear Reinforcement –
Anchored Reinforcement............ A-12
D-4. Shear Reinforcement –
Shear Angles .............................. A-13
D-5. Shear Reinforcement –
Strut-and-Tie Model.................... A-14
E. Minimum Lateral Reinforcement –
Pedestal...................................... A-15
F. Coefficients of Friction ................ A-16
G. Pretensioned Anchors for Turbines
and Reciprocating Compressors.A-17
H. Anchor-Tightening Sequence ..... A-18
1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose
This Practice provides the engineer and designer with guidelines for anchor
design for use by the process industry companies and engineering/construction
firms.
1.2 Scope
This design guide defines the minimum requirements for the design of anchors in
process industry facilities at onshore U.S. sites. Included are material selection,
strength design, ductile design, reinforcing, shear lugs, and pretensioning.
1.4 Dimensions
At the time of issue of this Practice, a metric version of the basic reference for
Anchor Bolt Design, ACI 318, had not been developed; therefore this Practice
was developed in English units only.
2. References
When adopted in this Practice, the latest edition of the following applicable codes,
standards, specifications, and references in effect on the date of contract award shall be
used, except as otherwise specified. Short titles will be used herein when appropriate.
3. Notation
Note: Force and stress units shown herein under “Notation” are lb and psi respectively.
At times, it is more convenient to show these units in the text, tables, and
examples as kips and ksi, respectively. Where this is done, the units will always
be shown.
Ad = Nominal bolt area, inches2
ANc = Projected concrete failure area of a single anchor or group of anchors, for
calculation of strength in tension, inches2
Ase = Effective cross-sectional area of anchor, inches2
Ar = Reinforcing bar area, inches2
Arb = Required total area of reinforcing bars, inches2
Areq = Required bearing area of shear lug, inches2
AVc = Projected concrete failure area of a single anchor or group of anchors, for
calculation of strength in shear, inches2
AVco = Projected concrete failure area of a single anchor, for calculation of strength in
shear, if not limited by corner influences, spacing, or member thickness,
inches2
AC = Anchor circle diameter (Figures B-1 and B-2), inches2
C = Clear distance from top of reinforcing bar to finished surface (concrete cover),
inches
ca = Distance from center of an anchor shaft to the edge of concrete, inches
ca,max = Maximum distance from center of an anchor shaft to the edge of concrete,
inches
Ca,min = Minimum distance from center of an anchor shaft to the edge of concrete,
inches
ca1 = Distance from the center of an anchor shaft to the edge of concrete in one
direction, inches. If shear is applied to anchor, ca1 is taken in the direction of the
applied shear. If the tension is applied to the anchor, ca1 is the minimum edge
distance.
ca2 = Distance from center of an anchor shaft to the edge of concrete in the direction
perpendicular to ca1, inches
cb = Smaller of (a) the distance from center of a bar or wire to nearest concrete
surface, and (b) one-half the center-to-center spacing of bars or wires being
developed, inches
D = Octagonal pedestal “diameter” (flat to flat), inches
Nsa = Nominal strength of a single anchor in tension as governed by the steel strength,
lb
Nsb = Side-face blowout strength of a single anchor, lb
Nsbg = Side-face blowout strength of a group of anchors, lb
P = Normal compression force beneficial to resisting friction force, lb
P = Anchor projection from top of concrete (Figure A), inches
P1 = Anchor projection below bottom nut for Type 2 anchors (Figure A), inches
s = Anchor spacing, center to center, inches
S = Section modulus of shear lug pipe, inches
t = Thickness of the shear lug plate or pipe wall, inches
T = Tensile rebar capacity, lb
Tlc = Bolt threads per unit length
Vapp = Applied shear load on shear lug, kip
Vcb = Nominal concrete breakout strength in shear of a single anchor or shear lug, lb
Vcbg = Nominal concrete breakout strength in shear of a group of anchors, lb
Vcp = Nominal concrete pryout strength of a single anchor, lb
Vf = Resisting friction force at base plate, lb
Vn = Nominal shear strength, lb
Vsa = Nominal strength in shear of a single anchor or group of anchors as governed by
the steel strength, lb
Vua = Factored shear force applied to a single anchor or groups of anchors, lb
W = Width of shear lug plate perpendicular to shear force, inches
Wh = Width of anchor head or nut, inches
X = Clear distance between anchor nut and reinforcing bar, inches
Z = Plastic modulus of shear lug pipe, inches3
λ = Modification factor related to unit weight of concrete
φ = Strength reduction factor
φb = Steel resistance factor for flexure
φv = Steel resistance factor for shear
ψt = Factor used to modify development length based on reinforcement location
ψe = Factor used to modify development length based on reinforcement coating
ψs = Factor used to modify development length based on reinforcement size
ψc,V = Factor used to modify shear strength of anchors based on presence or absence
of cracks in concrete and presence or absence of supplementary reinforcement
for anchors in shear (see ACI 318-05 D.6.2.7)
μ = Coefficient of friction
4. Materials
4.1 Anchors
Refer to the ASCE Anchor Bolt Report, chapter 2, for a description of and
specifications for common materials for anchors. Unless a special corrosive
environment exists, the following should be specified:
a. For low- to moderate-strength requirements: ASTM A307 headed bolts,
ASTM A36 rods, or ASTM F1554 grade 36 rods
b. For higher strength requirements: ASTM A193 grade B7, ASTM F1554
grade 55 or grade 105, or ASTM A354 grade BC or grade BD
The following table provides properties for the recommended anchor materials.
Suitable nuts by grade may be obtained from ASTM A563. If ASTM F1554
grade 55 rods are specified, add the weldability supplement.
Properties for Recommended Anchor Materials
fya futa
Anchor Material Type ksi ksi Ductile?
A307 Not clearly 60 Yes
defined
A36 or F1554 grade 36 36 58 Yes
F1554 grade 55 55 75 Yes
F1554 grade 105 105 125 Yes
A193 grade B7 do ≤ 2.5" 105 125 Yes
Based on bolt 2.5" < do 95 115 Yes
diameter (db)
≤ 4"
(used for high-
temperature 4" < do 75 100 Yes
service) ≤ 7"
A354 grade BC 109 125 Yes
A354 grade BD 130 150 Yes
A449 1/4" < do 92 120 Yes
Based on bolt ≤ 1"
diameter (db) 1" < do 81 105 Yes
≤ 1.5"
1.5" < do 58 90 Yes
≤ 3"
Bolts made from ASTM F1554 grade 105, ASTM A193 grade B7, and
ASTM A354 materials should not be welded as part of the bolt fabrication
process. Therefore, tack welding of anchor nut as shown in Figure A, Type 2,
should be avoided for these bolt materials. Alternatively, two anchor nuts
jammed together or a plate jammed between two nuts could be provided in place
of the tack-welded nut.
4.2 Sleeves
Anchors should be installed with sleeves when small movement of the bolt is
desired after the bolt is set in concrete. The two most common examples follow:
a. When precise alignment of anchors is required during installation of
structural columns or equipment. In this situation, the sleeve should be
filled with grout after installation is complete. Use of sleeves for alignment
of large diameter bolts should be discussed in contructability reviews to
determine if they provide construction advantages (large bolts do not bend
easily). Use of templates may be a better approach to address tolerance
issues for some equipment.
b. When anchors will be pretensioned to maintain the bolt under continuous
tensile stresses during load reversal. Pretensioning requires the bolt surface
to be free; therefore, the top of these sleeves should be sealed or the sleeve
should be filled with elastomeric material to prevent grout or water from
filling the sleeve.
Two types of sleeves are commonly used with anchors. A partial sleeve is
primarily used for alignment requirements, whereas the full sleeve is used for
alignment as well as for pretensioning. Sleeves do not affect the design of a
headed anchor for tensile loading because the tension in the anchor is transferred
to the concrete through the head, not the anchor–concrete bond. Sleeved anchors
can resist shear forces only when the sleeve is filled with grout.
Refer to PIP REIE686 for use of sleeves with anchor bolts in machinery
foundations.
For concrete cover requirements, refer to section 5.6.4 of this Practice.
4.3. Washers
Washers are required for all anchor bolts. Hardened washers conforming to
ASTM F436 are required if the anchors are to be pretensioned (refer to
section 10) and are preferred for snug-tight anchors. In special cases if the design
calls for washers to be welded to the base plate, plain washers or steel plates may
be necessary to produce a good weld. In such cases, the hole in the washer
should be equal to the bolt diameter plus 1/16 inch. The following table shows
the PIP-recommended base plate hole diameters.
4.4 Corrosion
Corrosion of an anchor can seriously affect the strength and design life of the
anchor. When deciding which anchor material to use or what precaution to take
against corrosion, consider the following:
a. Is the anchor encased in concrete or exposed to the elements?
b. What elements will the anchor contact?
• Chemical compounds
• Saltwater
• Ground water
• Caustic gases
c. What limitations are present, affecting anchor size, length, and material,
fabrication options, availability, and cost?
Galvanizing is a common option for ASTM A307 bolts and for ASTM A36 and
ASTM F1554 grade 36 threaded rods. ASTM F1554 grades 55 and 105,
ASTM A193 grade B7, ASTM A354 grades BC and BD, and ASTM A449 bolts
may also be galvanized if appropriate safeguards are in place. Where loss of
ductility is an issue, ASTM A143 provides guidance concerning safeguarding hot-
dip galvanized steel against embrittlement. Stainless steel anchors are a costly
option but may be required in some environments. Painting or coating the anchor
will protect the anchor, but more maintenance may be required.
To reduce the amount of contact with corrosive substances, pier design and
anchor arrangement should consider water collection and anchor environment.
If the engineer determines that prolonged contact with a corrosive substance is
unavoidable, a metallurgist should be consulted to determine alternate anchor
materials or protective options.
5. Strength Design
Strength design, which utilizes factored loads, shall be in accordance with Appendix D
of ACI 318-05. In this Practice, strength design will apply to headed bolts and headed
stud anchors, solidly cast in concrete. In accordance with ASCE 7-2002,
section A.9.9.1.7, the exclusion for bolts more than 2 inches in diameter or embedded
more than 25 inches (shown in ACI 318-05, D.2.2) may be ignored; however only
equation D-7 (not equation D-8) shall be used for checking the breakout strength in
cracked concrete.
ACI 318-05, D.6.2.7, states that for anchors located in a region of a concrete member
where analysis indicates no cracking at service loads, the modification factor, ψc,V, shall
be equal to 1.4. The tops of pedestals are normally outside cracked regions; therefore
ψc,V should be 1.4 for most pedestals. For anchors at beams and slabs, follow the
guidelines of ACI 318-05, section D.6.2.7.
5.1 Loading
Anchors shall be designed for the factored load combinations in accordance with
ACI 318-05, section 9.2 or Appendix C. Care shall be taken to assure that the
proper strength reduction factor for reinforcing, φ, is used. That is, if the load
combinations in section 9.2 are used, then use the φ’s from section 9.3; if the
load combinations from Appendix C are used, then use the φ’s from Appendix C.
Strength reduction factor, φ, for anchors is shown in ACI 318-05 Appendix D.
6. Ductile Design
areas of intermediate or high seismicity and anchors used for blast load
resistance.
7. Reinforcing Design
7.1 General
When anchor embedment or edge distances are not sufficient to prevent concrete
failure that is due to factored loads, or for a “ductile type” connection, if φNcb or
φNcbg < φ Nsa or φVcb or φVcbg < φVsa, then reinforcing steel may be used to
prevent concrete failure.
The reinforcing needed to develop the required anchor strength shall be designed
in accordance with ACI 318 and the following.
being a square with each side equal to three times the embedded
depth (3hef). (Refer to Figure RD.5.2.1(a) of ACI 318-05.)
b. For a group of bolts where the bolts are closer together than 3hef,
the failure surface is that of a truncated pyramid. This pyramid is
formed by a line radiating at a 1.5-to-1 slope from the bearing edge
of the anchor group, edge of nuts, toward the surface from which
the anchors protrude. (Refer to Figure RD.5.2.1(b) of ACI 318-05.)
7.2.2 The failure surface resulting from the applied shear load is defined as a
half pyramid radiating at a 1.5-to-1 slope in all directions, originating at
the top of the concrete where the anchor protrudes and ending at the free
surface in the direction of the shear. (Refer to Figure RD.6.2.1(a) of
ACI 318-05.) For multiple anchors closer together than three times the
edge distance, ca1, the failure surface is from the outermost anchors.
(Refer to Figure RD.6.2.1(b) of ACI 318-05.)
8. Frictional Resistance
8.1 General
Where allowed by code, anchors need not be designed for shear if it can be
shown that the factored shear loads are transmitted through friction developed
between the bottom of the base plate and the top of the concrete foundation. If
there is moment on a base plate, the moment may produce a downward load that
will develop friction even when the column or vertical vessel is in uplift. This
downward load can be considered in calculating frictional resistance. Care shall
be taken to assure that the downward load that produces frictional resistance
occurs simultaneously with the shear load. In resisting horizontal loads, the
friction resistance attributable to downward force from overturning moment may
be used.
The frictional resistance can also be used in combination with shear lugs to resist
the factored shear load. The frictional resistance should not be used in
combination with the shear resistance of anchors unless a mechanism exists to
keep the base plate from slipping before the anchors can resist the load (such as
welding the washer to the base plate).
Note: If the design requires welding the washer to the base plate, plain
washers or steel plate (rather than hardened washers) must be
specified to ensure that a good weld can be produced.
A shear lug (a plate or pipe stub section, welded perpendicularly to the bottom of the
base plate) allows for complete transfer of the force through the shear lug, thus taking the
shear load off of the anchors. The bearing on the shear lug is applied only on the portion
of the lug adjacent to the concrete. Therefore, the engineer should disregard the portion
of the lug immersed in the top layer of grout and uniformly distribute the bearing load
through the remaining height.
The shear lug should be designed for the applied shear portion not resisted by friction
between the base plate and concrete foundation. Grout must completely surround the lug
plate or pipe section and must entirely fill the slot created in the concrete. When using a
pipe section, a hole approximately 2 inches in diameter should be drilled through the
base plate into the pipe section to allow grout placement and inspection to assure that
grout is filling the entire pipe section.
10. Pretensioning
Pretensioning induces preset tensile stresses to anchor bolts before actual loads are
applied. When properly performed, pretensioning can reduce deflection, avoid stress
reversal, and minimize vibration amplitude of dynamic machinery. Pretensioning may be
considered for the following:
aware that pretensioning anchor bolts is not recommended due to relaxation and stress
corrosion after pretensioning.” AISC Steel Design Guide Series 1, anchor bolt section
states, “Because of long-term relaxation of concrete, prestressing of anchor bolts is
unreliable and hardly ever justified.”
In practical applications, the engineer should decide whether to pretension the anchor
bolt by considering the following advantages and disadvantages:
10.1 Advantages
The advantages of pretensioning are as follows:
a. Can prevent stress reversals on anchors susceptible to fatigue weakening
b. May increase dampening for pulsating or vibrating equipment
c. Will decrease, to some extent, the drift for process towers under wind or
seismic load
d. Will increase the frictional shear resistance for process towers and other
equipment
10.2 Disadvantages
The disadvantages of pretensioning are as follows:
a. Can be a costly process to install accurately
b. No recognized code authority that gives guidance on the design and
installation of pretensioned anchors. There is little research in this area.
c. Questionable nature about the long-term load on the anchor from creep of
concrete under the pretension load
d. Possible stress corrosion of the anchors after pretensioning
e. Typically, no bearing resistance to shear on the anchor. This is because
during pretensioning, the sleeve around the anchor typically is not filled
with grout.
f. Little assurance that the anchor is properly installed and pretensioned in
the field
g. Possible direct damage from pretensioning. The pretensioning itself can
damage the concrete if not properly designed or if the pretension load is
not properly regulated.
l = bolt stretch length (the distance between the top and bottom
nuts on the bolt)
Ase = effective cross-sectional area of anchor
ft = desired tensile stress
Tlc = bolt threads per unit length
E = elastic modulus of bolt
Ad = nominal bolt area
If the bolt is to be retightened to compensate for any loss of pre-load,
this method requires that nuts be loosened, brought to a “snug tight”
condition, and then turned the number of degrees originally specified.
10.6.4 Load indicator washers: This method is good if the amount of pretension
desired is as much as the required load in slip-critical structural steel
connections. These loads are typically very high and not normally
required for anchors.
10.7 Relaxation
According to ACI 355.1 R, section 3.2.2, “If headed anchors are pretensioned,
the initial force induced in the anchor is reduced with time due to creep of the
highly stressed concrete under the anchor head. The final value of the tension
force in the anchor depends primarily on the value of bearing stresses under the
head, the concrete deformation, and the anchorage depth. In typical cases the
value of that final force will approach 40 to 80 percent of the initial preload
(40 percent for short anchors, 80 percent for long anchors).” Retensioning the
anchors about 1 week after the initial tensioning can reduce the loss of preload.
According to ACI 355.1R, the reduction of the initial preload can be reduced by
about 30 percent by retensioning.
(in.) (in.) (in.) (in.) (in.) (in.) (in.) (in.) (in.) (in.)
1/2 1.00 1.00 6.0 4.5 4.5 2.0 2 5 6
5/8 1.25 1.13 7.5 4.5 4.5 2.5 2 7 6
3/4 1.44 1.25 9.0 4.5 4.5 3.0 2 7 6
7/8 1.69 1.38 10.5 4.5 5.3 3.5 2 7 6
1 1.88 1.50 12.0 4.5 6.0 4.0 3 10 6
1-1/8 2.06 1.63 13.5 4.5 6.8 4.5 3 10 7
1-1/4 2.31 1.75 15.0 5.0 7.5 5.0 3 10 8
1-3/8 2.50 1.88 16.5 5.5 8.3 5.5 4 15 8
1-1/2 2.75 2.00 18.0 6.0 9.0 6.0 4 15 9
1-3/4 3.19 2.25 21.0 7.0 10.5 7.0 4 15 11
2 3.63 2.50 24.0 8.0 12.0 8.0 4 18 12
2-1/4 4.06 2.75 27.0 9.0 13.5 9.0 4 18 14
2-1/2 4.50 3.00 30.0 10.0 15.0 10.0 6 24 15
2-3/4 4.94 3.25 33.0 11.0 16.5 11.0 6 24 17
3 5.31 3.50 36.0 12.0 18.0 12.0 6 24 18
1
IF SLEEVES ARE USED,
EMBEDMENT SHALL BE THE LARGER OF 12do or (hs + he')
INCREASE EDGE DISTANCE BY 0.5(ds - do)
INCREASE SPACING BY (ds - do)
2
FOR MACHINERY FOUNDATIONS PIP REIE686 REQUIRES A MINIMUM EDGE DISTANCE OF 6 INCHES.
BAR BAR BAR SPACING ≥ 3.0 in. cb = 1.5 in. SPACING ≥ 6.0 in. cb = 3.0 in.
SIZE AREA CAPACITY
TENSION DEVELOPMENT TENSION DEVELOPMENT
Ar φ*Ar*(fy) REQUIRED REQUIRED
LENGTH, ld LENGTH, ld
COVER COVER
TOP OTHER TOP OTHER
DIMENSIONS HAIRPINS
REINFORCEMENT
CAPACITY
DEVELOPMENT
LENGTH
BAR
BAR SIZE
(ACI/
CAPACITY
ldh =
CAPACITY
Fig. R12.5.1 BARS BARS
(0.02ψeλfy/(fc')0.5)d ld (a) ld (a)
b ldh la lb INSIDE (ACI (ACI
(ACI 12.5.2 )
f*Ar*(fy) 0.7*ldh HOOK 12.2.3) 12.2.3)
(in.) (kips) (in.) (in.) (in.) (in.) (in.) (kips) (in.) (kips)
#3 8.2 5.94 6.0 2.0 4.0 2.3 12 6.91 13 6.84
#4 11.0 10.80 7.7 3.2 4.5 3.0 13 13.40 17 12.80
#5 13.7 16.74 9.6 4.6 5.0 3.8 17 21.22 22 20.19
#6 16.4 23.76 11.5 5.5 6.0 4.5 25 29.06 32 27.84
#7 19.2 32.40 13.4 6.4 7.0 5.3 42 37.36 55 36.22
#8 21.9 42.66 15.3 7.3 8.0 6.0 55 48.37 71 47.06
#9 24.7 54.00 17.3 7.1 10.2 9.5 70 59.54 91 58.26
#10 27.8 68.58 19.5 8.0 11.4 10.8 89 74.83 115 73.39
#11 30.9 84.24 21.6 8.9 12.7 12.0 109 91.15 142 89.56
Note 1: All torque values are based on anchor bolts with threads well lubricated with oil.
Note 2: In all cases, the elongation of the bolt will indicate the load on the bolt.
Note 3: Based upon 30-ksi internal bolt stress
* From PIP REIE686, Recommended Practices for Machinery Installation and Installation Design,
Appendix A.
P PROJECTION
ca
C
EDGE
T.O. CONC. DIST.
hs
hhab
hef
ds
do
he'
TYPE 1
PROJECTION
cCa
EDGE
T.O. CONC. DIST.
P
hs
ab
hh
hef
ds
do
he'
P1
TACK
WELD
NUT
TYPE 2
NOTE: DISTANCE BETWEEN BOTTOM OF SLEEVE AND ANCHOR BEARING
SURFACE, he' , SHALL NOT BE LESS THAN 6d o NOR 6-IN.
ca1
1.5ca
ca2
ca1
Approximate solution
ca1= Do /2 - AC/2 For input into PIP STE05121 Anchor Bolt
Calculate D o so that equivalent circle has same area as Design Spreadsheet, available to PIP
octagon. Members only.
2
Note: Area of octagon = 0.828D ca1 =1.03D/2 - AC/2
2
π Do /4 = 0.828D 2
ca2, ca4 = [(1.03D/2)2-(AC/2)2]1/2
π Do2 = 0.828D2(4) AVc = 1.5ca1D
0.828D2(4) AVc (max) = n 4.5ca12
Do = π = 1.03D n = Total number of bolts = 12
Pythagorean theorem: Failure planes overlap each other to go clear across pedestal.
ca22 + (AC/2)2 = (Do/2)2 AVc = 1.5ca1D (Max. AVc = nAVco = n4.5ca12)
ca2 =[(1.03D/2)2 - (AC/2)2] 1/2
ca2 ca2
ca1
ca1
ca1
1.5ca1
ca1 will vary with the number of anchors considred. Only anchors with
an edge distance, ca1, greater than or equal to the c a1 for the chosen bolt
shall be used for resisting shear.
For the case shown above, if the dimension marked ca1 is chosen, n = 6 bolts.
If the dimension marked ca1 (ALT) is chosen, n = 4 bolts.
x.)
Ma
X
ef /3
(h
ca1 c2
1 or a2
VERTICAL DOWELS
EDGE
DIST.
(Centerline of Anchor Bolt to Centerline of Dowel = (W /2 + X + (d /2))
h rb
PLAN
T.O. CONC. db
C
hhab
(min.)
ld
hef
ds
do 1.5
1
(min.)
Wh
ld
X DOWEL
(hef /3 max.) TO MAT
NOTE: Refer to Section 7.3
SECTION
Required Anchor Embedment, hef = l + C + (X + d /2) /1.5
d b
HAIRPIN
REINFORCEMENT
X
(hef /3 max.)
PLAN
T.O. CONC.
1.5
1
hef
(min.)
l dh
do
Wh
(min.)
ld
X
(hef /3 max.)
HAIRPIN
REINFORCEMENT
SECTION
HOOK DIMENSION
180 DEG. STD.
EDGE DISTANCE ld
5 do (min.)
FACE OF ANCHOR
CONCRETE
HAIRPIN
REINFORCEMENT
PLAN
SHEAR DIRECTION
ld
MINIMUM
EDGE DISTANCE
COVER
5 do (min.) ANCHOR
HAIRPIN
REINFORCEMENT
SECTION
DIMENSION
STD. HOOK
180 DEG.
EDGE DISTANCE
5 do (min.)
FACE OF WEAK
CONCRETE STRONG
ANCHOR ANCHOR
HAIRPIN
REINFORCEMENT
PLAN
DIMENSION
STD. HOOK
EDGE DISTANCE 180 DEG.
5 do (min.)
FACE OF WEAK
CONCRETE STRONG
ANCHOR ANCHOR
CLOSED TIE
REINFORCEMENT
PLAN
SHEAR DIRECTION
MINIMUM
EDGE DISTANCE
5 do (min.) ANCHOR ANCHOR
CLOSED TIE
REINFORCEMENT
SECTION
ANCHOR ANCHOR
ld ld
ANCHOR
ANCHOR ANGLE
l
PLATE d
Z
1.5 1.5
ANCHORED ANCHORED
1 1 REINFORCEMENT
REINFORCEMENT
ANCHORED
REINFORCEMENT
FAILURE HALF-PYRAMID
1.5 LINE AT SURFACE OF
1 HALF-PYRAMID INTERSECTING HAIRPIN
PLAN
Note:
1. See Table 2 for rebar capacities.
2. Anchor plate or anchor angle must be designed for load from anchor.
3. Taking ld from centerline of bolt is conservative.
EDGE DISTANCE
5d (min.) ANCHOR
o
FACE OF
CONCRETE
FAILURE
HALF-TRUNCATED
1 PYRAMID
1
PLAN
SHEAR DIRECTION
EDGE DISTANCE
5d (min.) ANCHOR
o
TACK WELD
FAILURE
HALF-TRUNCATED
PYRAMID
SECTION
NOTE: DEDUCT AREA OF THE BEARING SURFACE OF
SHEAR ANGLE IN CALCULATING A p (THE PROJECTION
OF THE FAILURE HALF-TRUNCATED PYRAMID).
VERTICAL TIE
REBAR
T2
C1 ANCHOR
T1 BOLT
25°
M I N.
25°
T1 C1 M I N.
T3
NOTES:
PROVIDE THISADDITIONAL
PROVIDE THIS ADDITIONALTIE
IN MODERATE
TIE OR HIGH-
IN HIGH-SEISMIC AREAS
SEISMIC AREAS OR IF SHEAR
OR IF SHEAR LUG IS USED
LUGS OR NO. 3 TIES ARE USED.
CONCRETE
SURFACE
GROUT
= 0.90
CONCRETE
SURFACE
GROUT
= 0.70
GROUT
CONCRETE
SURFACE
= 0.55
Notes:
T0P OF DUCT TAPE 1. Materials:
BOTTOM OF GROUT
GROUT TOP NUT Anchor plate: ASTM A36
1/2
WASHER
Anchor rod: ASTM A36 or F1554 GR 36.
Nuts: ASTM A563 Grade A heavy hex
1
DUCT TAPE
ANCHOR ROD
BOTTOM OF DUCT TAPE Washer: ASTM F436
FILL WITH ELASTOMERIC
PIPE SLEEVE MOLDABLE NON-HARDENING
Pipe sleeve: ASTM A53 SCH 40
MATERIAL
do 2. Weld shall be inaccordance with AWS D1.1 .
FDN.
3. Fabrication Sequence:
ANCHOR
NUT 1 A. Position anchor rod to obtain the specified
PLATE
4d o + T
NUT 3
B. Holding nut 1, tighten nut 2 to a snug tight
condition.
C. Hold nut 2, tighten nut 3 to a snug tight condition.
D. Position and weld the pipe sleeve.
DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES
1
12 5
8 9
4 3 EQUIPMENT
7
10
11
TIGHTENING 6
2
SEQUENCE
EQUIPMENT
By trial and error using the Anchor Bolt Design Spreadsheet , available to PIP Member
Companies only, the following is determined. (This takes only a few minutes.)
Nom. Anchor Diameter = 1 3/4" Anchor Embedment = 21" (12 anchor diameters)
Pedestal Size = 6' 4" x 5' 4" (c a1 = 30", ca2 = 28", ca3 = 46", ca4 = 28", s2 = 8", s1 = 0")
(Because only two bolts resist tension, s 1 must be input as 0".)
The Anchor Bolt Design Spreadsheet input and output sheets are attached for this condition.
Company PIP
Project Project # PIP STE05121
Subject Example 1- Column Plate Connection using Anchor Bolt Design Spreadsheet
Name Date 10/4/2006 Sheet Number 1
Checked by Check Date Total Sheets 1
Factored tensile load (kips) = Nua = 116 Specified concrete strength (psi) = f c' = 3000
Factored shear load (kips) = Vua = perpendicular to edge 0 Cracking
Is there a built-up grout pad? Yes modification 1.4 - Located in region where there isn't cracking at service loads (ft < fr)
factor,Ψ c,V
ANCHOR DATA, EMBEDMENT, AND THICKNESS OF MEMBER
Anchor material type = A36, Fu = 58 Adequate supplementary reinf. provided to resist tension loads in anchors? No
Nominal anchor diameter (in.) = 1 3/4 15 Adequate reinforcement provided to resist shear loads in anchors? No
Note: Calculations limit hef to <=Ca(max) /1.5 or if 3 sides or more 21.00 = hef ECCENTRICITY
are less than 1.5hef then maximum of Ca(max) /1.5 and 1/3(S1
or S2) =20 in., see ACI D5.2.3
Thickness of member in which anchor is anchored, (in.) = ha 60.00 = ha Eccentricity of tensile force on group of tensile anchors (in.)
Number of anchors in tension = n(tension) = 2 e'N = 0 (0=single anchor)
Number of anchors in shear = n(shear) = 4 Eccentricity of shear force on group of anchors (in.)
CONCRETE FAILURE AREAS (Note ev' must be less than s perpendicular to shear) e'V = 0
Do you want to manually input the value of ANC? No
no EDGE DISTANCES AND SPACING
ANC = 1444 TENSION SHEAR
Note: Units for ANC and AVC are sq. in.
ANC= 3840 Edge Distance, in. Spacing, in. Edge Distance, in. Spacing, in.
Do you want to manually input the value of AVC? No
no ca1 = 30.00 ca3 = 46.00 s1 = 0.00 ca1 = 30.00 s2 = 8.00
ca1 AVC = 655.5 ca2 = 28.00 ca4 = 28.00 s2 = 8.00 ca2 = 28.00
NU AVC= 2880 ca4 = 28.00
1.5hef ca1 = edge distance in direction of V n (perp.)
1.5hef 35o
1.5ca1
h or 1.5ca1
VU
hef
ca4
ca2 s2 ca4
ca2 s2 ca4
ca2 s2 ca4
1.5ca1
o VU (parallel)
35 VU ca1
s2
ca2
ca4 ca2
Breakout cone for tension Breakout cone for shear
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
DUCTILITY INTERACTION OF TENSILE AND SHEAR FORCES RESULTS
Tensile ductility not required by user input. φNn = 118.1 kips >= Nua = 116.0 kips
φVn = 78.1 kips >= Vua = 0.0 kips
Shear ductility not required by user input Nua/(φNn) + Vua/(φVn) = 0.98 + 0.00 = 0.98 <=1.0 OK
118.12
BOLT PARAMETERS
Grade A36, Fu = 58 fya 36 ksi hef 21.00 in.
Size 1 3/4 in. futa 58 ksi n(tension) 2
do 1.750 in. Ase 1.900 sq. in. n(shear) 4
Abrg 4.144 sq. in.
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Ducitlity NOT req'd for tension Concrete Strength, fc' 3000 psi
Ducitlity NOT req'd for shear Cracking Modification Factor, Ψc,V 1.4
Low seismic risk Grout Pad
Eccentricities e'N = 0.00 in. e'V = 0.00 in.
Note: Figures in parenthesis and in red refer to equations or paragraphs in ACI 318-05 , Appendix D.
Steel Strength in Tension: Nsa = nAsefuta (futa < 1.9fya and futa < 125 ksi) = 220.4 kips (D-3)
Nsa(1) = 1 x Asefuta (futa < 1.9fya and futa < 125 ksi) = 110.2 kips/bolt
Summary of Results:
Tension: φ for steel = 0.75 φ for concrete = 0.70 (D.4.4)
Steel capacity = φNn[*0.75 if inter. or high seismic risk] = 165.3 kips (D.3.3.3)
Concrete capacity = φNn[*0.75 if inter. or high seismic risk] = 118.1 kips (D.3.3.3) Ductility Req'd?
Governing mode of concrete failure: Concrete breakout strength of anchor in tension Tension: No
Tensile ductility not required by user input.
Same data as Example 1. Use supplementary tensile reinforcing to reduce pedestal size.
T
1 3/4" DIA. ANCHOR
C = 2" CLEAR
(TYP.)
ANCHOR
(TYP.)
hef = 21"
6"
2'-0"
3" 3"
HAIRPIN
(TYP.) (TYP.)
6"
1.5
1
l or ldh*
#8 HAIRPIN 1'-4"
(TYP.)
d
2'-6"
PLAN
ELEVATION
PLAN
Vu = 40 K (ULTIMATE)
SECTION
Bearing area = Areq = Vapp / (0.85 φ fc') = 27.6 kips / (0.85*0.65*3 ksi) = 16.67 in. 2
On the basis of base plate size, assume the plate width, W, will be 12 in.
Height of plate = H = A req / W + G = 16.67 in. 2 /12 in. + 1 in. = 2.39 in. Use 3 in.
Thickness = t = [(4 * Mu)/(φ* fya)]½ = ((4*4.61 kip-in.)/(0.9*36 ksi))½ = 0.754 in. Use 0.75 in.
This 12-in. x 3-in. x 0.75-in. plate will be sufficient to carry the applied shear load and resulting
moment. Design of the weld between the plate section and the base plate is left to the
engineer.
Distance from shear lug to edge of concrete = (24 - 0.75) / 2 = 11.63 in.
Vcb = AVc*4*φ*[fc']0.5 = 303 * 4 * 0.85 * [3000] 0.5 = 56400 lb = 56.4 kips > 27.3 kips OK
PLAN
SECTION
2
Bearing area = Areq = Vapp / (0.85 φ fc') = 27.6 kips / (0.85*0.65*3 ksi) = 16.7 in.
Based on base plate size, assume the pipe diameter will be 8-in. nominal std. weight pipe.
D = 8.625 in., t = 0.322 in., S = 16.81 in.3, Z = 22.2 in.3
2
Height of pipe = H = Areq / D + G = 16.67 in. / 8.625 in. + 1 in. = 2.93 in. Use 3.5 in.
Check moment:
Mn = S [600/(D/t) + fya] = 16.81 in.3 *(600/(8.625 in./0.322 in.) + 36 ksi) = 982 k-in.
or Mn = Z * fya = 22.2 in.3 * 36 ksi = 799 k-in Use Mn = 799 k-in
φb = 0.9
φbMn = (0.9)*(799 k-in.) = 719 k-in. > 62.17 k-in. OK
Check
Vn = 0.6 Fy π(D2 – (D-2t)2)/4 = 0.6* 36 ksi * π* ( 8.6252 – (8.625 – 2*0.322)2 ) in.2 / 4
= 181.4 kips
φv = 0.9
φvVn = (0.9)*(181.4 kips) = 163.2 kips > 27.6 kips OK
This 3.5-in.-long x 8-in.-diameter nominal std. weight pipe will be sufficient to carry the applied shear
load and resulting moment.