VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BELGAUM – 590018

A PROJECT REPORT
ON

“EFFECT OF BETEL NUT POWDER AND MOLYBDENUM

DISULPHIDE [MOS2] IN FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER MATRIX
ON THE MECHANICAL STRENGTH AND TRIBOLOGICAL
CHARACTERISTICS”
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree of
Bachelor of Engineering in
Mechanical Engineering
Submitted by
DEEPAK B Y LAKSHMEESH V K
(1ST14ME713) (1ST14ME720)
MAHESH TEJAS K K
(1ST14ME722) (1ST12ME755)
Under the guidance of
Dr. P SampathKumaran
Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering

External guide: Dr. Sailaja Bhattacharya

Fellow, TERI, Bangalore.

SAMBHRAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

BANGALORE-560097
 SAMBHRAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

BANGALORE-560097

(Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum)

Department of Mechanical Engineering

CERTIFICATE
Certified that the project work entitled “Effect Of Betel Nut Powder And Molybdenum
Disulphide [Mos2] In Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix On The Mechanical Strength
And Tribological Characteristics”is a bona-fide work carried out by DEEPAK B
YbearingUSN-1ST14ME713, LAKSHMEESH V Kbearing USN- 1ST14ME720,
MAHESH bearing USN-1ST14ME713, TEJAS K Kbearing USN-1ST12ME755, in partial
fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering of the Visvesvaraya Technological
University, Belgaum, during the year 2018-19 . It is certified that all corrections/suggestions
indicated for internal assessment have been incorporated in the report. The project report has
been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements with respect to the project work
prescribed for the said degree.

Dr. P. SampathKumaran Dr. A. SathyanarayanaSwamy Dr. H G. Chandrakanth

Professor, DME, SaIT HOD, DME, SaIT Principal, SaIT

Examiners:

1)

2)
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The sense of contention and elation that accompanies the success of this project and report
could be incomplete without mentioning the names of people who helped us in
accomplishing them, people whose constant guidance, support and encouragement resulted in
its realization.

We express our sincere gratitude Dr. HG. Chandrakanth, our principal, SambhramInstitue of
Technology for his moral support.

We wish to place on record our sincere thanks to Dr. A. SathyanarayanaSwamy, Head of the
Department, Mechanical Engineering, Sambhram Institute of Technology, for encouraging us
to carryout the project work at TERI.

We hereby like to thank our mentor and guide Dr. P. SampathKumaran, Professor,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sambhram Institute of Technology. He made us
realize the worth of our thinking and efforts being put in to action reality and action, and
inspiring us to carry out the research work in the research of the area of polymer composites,
being a part of advanced material schemes.

We would like to show our appreciation to Mr. G J Naveen, Asst. Professor, Dept.of ME,
Sambhram Institute of Technology, for guiding us in the project work.

We also thank Dr. SailajaBattacharya and Mrs. Deepthi for providing us a platform and given
opportunity to carry out this innovative project at TERI, and also providing a necessary
equipment and proper guidance to successfully complete the project work.

We would like to thank Chemical and Metallurgical Laboratories for testing our composite
samples to the level of excellence and providing the necessary report for us to complete the
task.

We would like to thank Dr. Mohan, Professor, Dept.of IEM, Dr. AIT and Mrs. Truptiwani for
providing a necessary equipment and proper guidance to test the Composite samples.

We also thank Mr. Abdul Adeelfrom AIMIL Pvt. Ltd. for having provided test facility for
carrying out particle size analysis and providing the data.
 ABSTRACT
The polymer composites are attracting the attention of engineers and scientists as they posses
low density, high load bearing capacity and superior mechanical properties. In this context,
extensive work have been investigated and reported. The adoption of different fillers,
reinforcing agents and matrixes contributing to superior mechanical and other properties have
given impetus to take up further investigations in this area.

In one of the article, [peanut husk filled low density poly ethylene (LDPE)] composites were
investigated for the effect of filler content and compatibilizer on the mechanical properties,
especially youngs modulus, flexural strength & modulus, impact strength and hardness. They
have greatly improved compared to pure LDPE. In another work, betel nut fibre separated
from the nut with glass fibre as reinforcement in LDPE matrix were studied for mechanical
properties such as tensile strength, flexure strength and hardness taking in to account the fibre
ratio and volume fraction. It is betel nut powder having average size of 180 micron is used at
four levels with Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) addition in ABS and Polycarbonate matrix.
The composites observed that higher hardness was achieved for the betel nut with glass fibre
reinforced composite compared to pure LDPE. The flexure strength and its modulus have
improved, whereas the tensile properties have decreased.

Keeping the above literature points, are made by compression moulding technique with the
use of compatiblizer. They are studied for mechanical strength & modulus, % elongation and
hardness properties. It is observed from the data that with increase in betal nut concentration,
the mechanical characteristics improved for 10% betal nut powder addition. The further
addition of betal nut powder to the matrix (i.e 18% and 25% by wt.%) has yielded lower
mechanical properties (tensile, compression, flexural strength as well as in their modulus)
compared to 10 % betal nut powder added sample. The reason for this type of trend attributed
to the poor bonding characteristics of the matrix, reinforcement (Kevlar) and filler material
(betal nut material). The mechanical data have been supported by the scanning electron
microscopic (SEM) features.
 CONTENTS

Chapter 1. Introduction

1.1. Composites 1
1.2. Polycarbonate (PC) 1
1.3.Acrylonitrile Butadienestyrene[ABS] 3
1.4. Kevlar 4
1.5. Molybdenum Disulphide 5
1.6.Betal nut powder 6
1.7.TribologicalCharecteristics 7
1.7.1. Friction 7
1.7.2. Lubrication 8
1.7.3. Wear 8
1.8. Mechanical Characteristics 10

Chapter 2. Literature Survey 12

Chapter 3. Experimental Details 15

3.1. Material Selection 15

3.2. Preparation of the Composites 15

3.2.1. Brabender 16

3.2.2. Compression Moulding 17

3.3. Test Methodologies 21

3.3.1. Extensometer 22

3.3.2. Pin on Disc Tester 23

3.3.3. Shore D Hardness Tester 27

Chapter 4. Results and Observations 29

Chapter 5. Summary of Conclusion 37

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY
 CHAPTER 3

EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS
 CHAPTER 4

RESULTS & OBSERVATIONS