MOTIONS

of the Earth
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 Major Motions of the Earth
Rotation – Revolution –
the Earth spins on an movement around the
imaginary line called Sun in an elliptical orbit.
‘axis ‘ from east to west Complete r = 365 ¼ days.
direction.
Speed = 29.8 km/s
“The Earth spins on its axis
once every 24 hours or 1
day.”

© Jamaica C. Olazo Basic Understandings

 The Earth is farthest from the Sun at
aphelion on July 3 or 4 at approx.
152.1 million kilometers.
94,500,000 miles

93,000,000 miles
The Earth is nearest from the Sun at
perihelion on January 3 or 4 at
approx. 147.2 million kilometers.

© Jamaica C. Olazo Basic Understandings

 EARTH'S
motion
around the
Sun, not as
simple as you
thought.

Click here to watch the video!

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 The four important positions of the Earth
with respect to its revolution around the Sun.

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 Seasonal Changes
-are caused by
the tilting of the
Earth and its
revolution
around the Sun.

These bring
about the
variations in
the lengths of
day and night.

© Jamaica C. Olazo
 The Earth’s Tilted Axis
and Seasonal Changes
As the Earth rotates and
revolves around the Sun, its
axis tilts at an average of 23.5 °
from the vertical line.

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 Seasonal Changes
Summer
-when the North Pole
Is directly tilted
toward the Sun.
When the longest
days and shortest
nights occur in
Northern Hemisphere.

Warm weather
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 Seasonal Changes
Winter
-when the North
Pole is tilted away
from the Sun.
Earth will experience
the shortest day and
longest night of the
year.

Cool weather
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 Seasonal Changes
Equinoxes
Days and nights are
equal all over the
Earth.

Equinox
- means equal
day and night.

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 Seasonal Changes
Solstice
It tells the time
when the Sun stops
its journey to the
north as it rises
everyday.

Solstice
- means “Sun stops”.

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 Land of the

Midnight Sun
The midnight sun is a natural phenomenon that occurs in the summer months
in places north of the Arctic Circle or south of the Antarctic Circle, when the sun
remains visible at the local midnight.

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 The earth covers 360° in its

Time
24-hour rotation. Thus, for
and every hour of rotation it
covers 15 ° of longitude. This
is the basis for determining
Standard Time Zones time all over the globe.

Local Time -
If we would base time on the Earth’s
rotation, covering 360° in a day, or
15° in an hour, or one degree every
four minutes, each meridian would
have its own time.

© Jamaica C. Olazo
STANDARD TIME ZONES OF THE WORLD

The Earth was divided into 24 time zones, each zone one
hours apart, covering approximately 15° of longitude.
STANDARD TIME ZONES OF THE WORLD

Therefore, the different places of the world have different

times based on the meridian passing through them.
 Not all countries,
however, follow the
standard time system.

© Jamaica C. Olazo
 Standard Time System
- was adapted based on
the Greenwich Prime
Meridian (0°) as agreed
upon in an international
conference held in
Washington, D.C. in
1884.

Bigger countries Australia

cover more than
one time zone.
© Jamaica C. Olazo
 When one travels around the
world, crossing boundaries and
going from one hemisphere to
another, it is important to take
note of time differences as well as
the change in dates upon
crossing the
International Date Line.
 Motions of the Earth
Rotation Revolution
Revolves around
Rotates on its axis.
the sun.

Rotates for a period Takes about a year or

of 24 hours. 365 ¼ days.

Causes night and Causes changes in

day. seasons.

Rotates in an Follows an elliptical

eastward direction. orbit.
© Jamaica C. Olazo
 Seasons and the Positions of the Earth around the Sun
with reference to the Northern Hemisphere

Summer solstice
North Pole is directly tilted
toward the Sun.
It occurs every June 21 or 22.
Longest day and shortest night
are experienced.
Vertical rays of the Sun strike
the Tropic of Cancer.

© Jamaica C. Olazo
 Seasons and the Positions of the Earth around the Sun
with reference to the Northern Hemisphere

Autumnal equinox
No pole is tilted toward the
Sun.
It occurs every September 22
or 23.
Equal length of day and night
is experienced.
Vertical rays of the Sun strike
along the Equator.

© Jamaica C. Olazo
 Seasons and the Positions of the Earth around the Sun
with reference to the Northern Hemisphere

Winter solstice
South pole is directly tilted
toward the Sun.
It occurs every December 21
or 22.
Shortest day and longest night
are experienced.
Vertical rays of the Sun strike
the Tropic of Capricorn.

© Jamaica C. Olazo
 Seasons and the Positions of the Earth around the Sun
with reference to the Northern Hemisphere

Spring equinox
No pole is tilted toward the
Sun.
It occurs every March 21 or
22.
Equal length of day and night
is experienced.
Vertical rays of the Sun strike
along the equator.

© Jamaica C. Olazo
 Click here to watch the video!
Mechanism of the Seasons

© Jamaica C. Olazo