Maslow's hierarchy is useful in setting patient priorities.

Basic physiological and safety needs are

usually the first priority. These include physiological needs such as air, water, and food.
Cyanosis and fast heart rate are indicators of physiological stress and must be dealt with first, or
the patient may not survive. The second level includes psychological security. A psychiatric
consult would come after physiological stabilization. The third level includes love and belonging
needs that would also need to be addressed, and the family may be helpful in dealing with this,
once the patient is stabilized. The fourth level involves self-esteem, which would also need to be
addressed.
Orem's theory explains the factors within a patient's living situation that support or interfere with
the patient's self-care ability.

The goal of Leininger's :

 theory is to provide the patient with culturally specific nursing care that integrates the
patient's cultural traditions, values, and beliefs into the plan of care.
The goal of Roy's model:
 is to help the person adapt to changes in physiological needs, self-concept, role function,
and relations.
Watson's theory :
 believes that the purpose of nursing action is to understand the interrelationship between
health, illness, and human behavior.
The goal of Orem's theory:
 is to help the patient perform self-care.
Henderson :
 defines nursing as "assisting the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those
activities that will contribute to health, recovery, or a peaceful death, and that the
individual would perform unaided if he or she had the necessary strength, will, or
knowledge."
Roy's model:
 is to help the person adapt to changes in physiological needs, self-concept, role function,
and relations.
Watson's theory
 believes that the purpose of nursing action is to understand the interrelationship between
health, illness, and human behavior.
The goal of Orem's
 theory is to help the patient perform self-care.

Peplau's theory :
 focuses on the individual, the nurse, and the interactive process or nurse-patient
relationship. Goals are to educate the patient and family and to help the patient define the
problem and solutions.
Nightingale:
 viewed nursing not as limited to the administration of medications and treatments, but
rather as oriented toward providing fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet, and
adequate nutrition.

Patricia Benner and Judith Wrubel.; The primacy of caring is a model proposed by Caring is
central.

The Neuman systems model is a nursing theory based on the individual's relationship to stress,
the reaction to it, and reconstitution factors that are dynamic in nature. The theory was developed
by Betty Neuman, a community health nurse, professor and counselor