[Event "Chapter 1.

5 - Modern Ideas in chess"]

[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Morphy, Paul (without Ra1)"]
[Black "Amateur"]
[Result "1-0"]
[FEN "rnbqkbnr/pppppppp/8/8/8/8/PPPPPPPP/1NBQKBNR w Kkq - 0 1"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. b4 Bxb4 5. c3 Bc5 6. d4 exd4 7. O-O Bb6 8.

cxd4 d6 { A familiar position in this opening. We see how Morphy is concerned
with the possibility of developing moves. Black who plays according to old
principles, makes attacking moves} 9. Nc3 Na5 10. Bd3 Bg4 ( { A better
development was clearly } 10... Ne7 { but the text move attacks} ) 11. Be3 Qf6
{ An attacking move; although it is an error in development to bring out the
Queen so early in the game.} 12. Nd5 Qd8 13. h3 Bxf3 14. Qxf3 Nf6 { The
development comes now too late. Morphy wins with a delightful combination.}
15. Bg5 Bxd4 16. e5 Bxe5 17. Rfe1 O-O 18. Rxe5 dxe5 19. Nxf6+ gxf6 20. Bxf6 {
wins the Queen and the game.} 1-0

[Event "Chapter 1.5 - Modern Ideas in Chess"]

[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Schulten"]
[Black "Morphy, Paul "]
[Result "0-1"]

1. e4 e5 2. f4 d5 3. exd5 e4 4. Nc3 Nf6 5. d3 Bb4 6. Bd2 e3 { Opening the King's

file} 7. Bxe3 O-O 8. Bd2 Bxc3 9. bxc3 Re8+ 10. Be2 Bg4 11. c4 c6 $1 {
Foreshadowing the opening of the Queen's file.} 12. dxc6 Nxc6 13. Kf1 { Up to
this point Morphy ad played on positional lines according to his general
principles. But now comes combination play with accurately thought out moves of
a compelling force.} 13... Rxe2 14. Nxe2 Nd4 15. Qb1 Bxe2+ 16. Kf2 Ng4+ 17.
Kg1 { Black forces mate in seven moves.} 17... Nf3+ 18. gxf3 Qd4+ 19. Kg2 Qf2+
20. Kh3 Qxf3+ 21. Kh4 Nh6 22. h3 Nf5+ 23. Kg5 Qh5# 0-1

[Event "Chapter 1.5 - Modern Ideas in chess"]

[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Morphy, Paul "]
[Black "Amateur"]
[Result "1-0"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. b4 Bxb4 5. c3 Bc5 6. d4 exd4 7. cxd4 Bb6 8.

O-O Na5 9. Bd3 d5 { A mistaken advance of the Pawn which opens the King's file
for White's Rook and the diagonal a3-f8 for White's Queen's Bishop;} ( { a
better move was } 9... d6 ) 10. exd5 Qxd5 11. Ba3 Be6 12. Nc3 Qd7 13. d5 $1 {
This characteristic pawn sacrifice opens the Queen's file.} 13... Bxd5 14.
Nxd5 Qxd5 15. Bb5+ Qxb5 16. Re1+ { and wins.} 1-0

[Event "Chapter 1.5 - Modern Ideas in chess"]

[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Morphy, Paul "]
[Black "Amateur"]
[Result "1-0"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. b4 Bxb4 5. c3 Ba5 6. d4 exd4 7. O-O dxc3 8.

Ba3 { The intention is, after Black's d6, to effect a break through by e5 and
to drive home his start in development by a complete opening up of the game.}
( { The move reccomended by theory is } 8. Qb3 { but the text move corresponds
with Morphy's mode of play.} ) 8... d6 9. Qb3 Nh6 10. Nxc3 Bxc3 11. Qxc3 O-O
12. Rad1 Ng4 { already e5 was threatened.} 13. h3 Nge5 14. Nxe5 Nxe5 15. Be2 {
and now f4 to be followed by e5.} ( { Of little use would } 15. Bb3 { have
been by reason of the reply} 15... Be6 ) 15... f5 { The opening of the game
with a defective development is the principal error by which Black loses. One
observes that by reason of the move that was made, namely f5, both the King's
file as well as the diagonals a1-h8 and a2-g8 were opened and to White's
advantage, as the latter, thanks to his better development, is able to occupy
them first.} ( 15... f6 { was right.} ) 16. f4 Nc6 17. Bc4+ Kh8 18. Bb2 Qe7
19. Rde1 Rf6 20. exf5 Qf8 { White turns the positional advantage, which he has
been at pains to acquire, into a win, by means of a wonderfully beautiful
combination.} 21. Re8 Qxe8 22. Qxf6 Qe7 23. Qxg7+ Qxg7 24. f6 { and White
wins. If} 24... Qf8 { then} 25. f7+ Ne5 26. fxe5 h5 27. e6+ Kh7 28. Bd3+ Kh6
29. Rf6+ Kg5 30. Rg6+ Kf4 31. Kf2 { and mate next move.} 1-0

[Event "Diagram III - Modern Ideas in Chess"]

[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "?"]
[Black "?"]
[Result "1-0"]
[EventDate "Early 1900"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 exd4 4. Bc4 Bc5 5. Ng5 { Morphy would certainly never
have made this move, an attacking one instead of a developing one.} 5... Ne5 {
This move looks attractive. It protects the pawn at f7 and at the same time
attacks the Bishop at c4.} 6. Bxf7+ { The combination was as follows:} 6...
Nxf7 7. Nxf7 Kxf7 8. Qh5+ g6 9. Qxc5 { White wins a pawn and has a distinct
advantage.} 1-0

[Event "Diagram II - Modern Ideas in Chess"]

[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "?"]
[Black "?"]
[Result "1-0"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. b4 Bxb4 5. c3 Ba5 6. d4 exd4 7. O-O d6 8.

cxd4 Bb6 { Before Morphy's time, as the principle of development was not yet
known, if a player had no opportunity for a combination he made either an
attacking or a defensive move. Therefore, in the position in the Diagram II,
either 9. d5 or 9. Qb3, or even the purely defensive move 9. h3 would have
been the usual continuation. It was first through Morphy's example that what
appears to us the most natural developing move, namely} 9. Nc3 { has become
usual.} ( 9. d5 ) ( 9. Qb3 ) ( 9. h3 ) 1-0

[Event "?"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Anderssen"]
[Black "Dufresne"]
[FEN "1r2k1r1/pbppnp1p/1bn2P2/7q/Q7/B1PB1N2/5PPP/R3R1K1 w - - 0 1"]
[Result "1-0"]

{ Anderssen, quite undisturbed by the threat of his opponent against his King's
position, plays a deeply considered preparatory move } 1. Rad1 { Dufresne
accepted the "gift from the Greeks" without foreboding.} 1... Qxf3 2. Rxe7+
Nxe7 ( { Still prettier would the ending have been had Black played } 2... Kd8
{ We should have had} 3. Rxd7+ Kc8 4. Rd8+ $1 { A surprising turn in events.
The rook can be taken in three different ways} 4... Nxd8 ( { If } 4... Rxd8 {
then} 5. gxf3 ) ( { If } 4... Kxd8 { then} 5. Be2+ { wins Black's Queen.} )
5. Qd7+ Kxd7 6. Bf5+ { and mate next move} ) 3. Qxd7+ Kxd7 4. Bf5+ Ke8 ( { If
} 4... Kc6 { mate follows by} 5. Bd7# ) 5. Bd7+ { and mate follows with 6.
Bxe7} 1-0

[Event "Diagram IV - Modern Ideas in Chess"]

[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "?"]
[Black "?"]
[FEN "r1bqk1nr/pppp1ppp/2n5/2b3N1/2BpP3/8/PPP2PPP/RNBQK2R b KQkq - 3 5"]
[Result "0-1"]
[EventDate "Early 1900"]

5... Nh6 { and as White as a sequel to 5. Ne5 went on with the combination
originally designed, the game proceeded as follows:} 6. Bxf7+ Nxf7 7. Nxf7
Kxf7 8. Qh5+ g6 9. Qxc5 d6 { and the difference showed itself distinctly. The
pawn at d4 is protected, as Morphy ( in consequence of his
developing move Nh6 ) exchanged the otherwise undeveloped piece
and not the already developed N at c6. White has a bad game and the premature
attack by Ne5 is refuted.}

[Event "Diagram V-VI-VII - Modern Ideas in Chess"]

[Site "Paris"]
[Date "1858.??.??"]
[Round "4"]
[White "Anderssen, Adolf"]
[Black "Morphy, Paul "]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "C77"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. d3 Bc5 6. c3 b5 7. Bc2 { White had

from now onwards a fantastic idea of attack. He wanted to effect a mate in h7.
To conceive suach a plan at that moment is not justified by any weakness in
Black's position, and seems, according to our modern views, to be almost
ludicrous. But we shall see what dangers Anderssen, in the furtherance of his
idea, is able to conjure up against his opponent, and appreciate how he could
have succeded brilliantly against a weaker opponent.} 7... d5 8. exd5 { This
move only furthers the opponent's development and affords Black more terrain in
the centre.} ( 8. Qe2 ) 8... Nxd5 9. h3 { A loss of time. But Anderssen must,
as continuation of his plan of attack, soon play d4 and fears that Black may
hinder him with Bg4.} 9... O-O { Morphy, in contrast to Anderssen, goes
quietly on with his development.} 10. O-O h6 { This move ( contrary
to White's h3 ) forms part of the development. Morphy wants to
play Bd6 without being disturbed by White's Ng5.} 11. d4 exd4 12. cxd4 Bb6
13. Nc3 { Does Anderssen intend to make a developing move here? Certainly not.
That it happens to be one is merely chance. It is essentially an attacking move
which threatens 14. Nxd5, 15. Qd3, whilst 14. Qd3 can at once be parried by
Black with Nf6.} 13... Ndb4 14. Bb1 Be6 { Morphy could have taken the P at d4
but he rightly prefers a simple developing move, otherwise he would have fallen
into one of the many complicated traps which Anderssen sets for him. Let us
consider some of the variations:} ( 14... Bxd4 15. Ne2 Bb6 16. a3 ) ( 14...
Nxd4 $1 15. Nxd4 Qxd4 16. Qf3 Be6 17. a3 Nd5 18. Rd1 ) ( 14... Nxd4 15. Nxd4
Bxd4 $1 16. Qf3 Be6 17. Be4 Rb8 18. a3 ) 15. a3 Nd5 16. Be3 { This also happens
to be a developing move only, because with the protection of his pawn at d4 the
threat involves the gain of a pawn by means of 17. Nxb5 axb5 18. Qc2.} 16...
Nf6 17. Qd2 Re8 18. Rd1 { To place the Rook not on the open file but on the
file blocked by his own pawn seems, according to our present notions, to be
very remarkable. But White now threatens d5 and thereby forces Black to place a
piece on d5 and as a consequence to move the N from f6 which protects h2.}
18... Bd5 19. Ne5 Qd6 ( 19... Nxe5 20. dxe5 Rxe5 21. Bxb6 cxb6 22. Ba2 Qe8 23.
Nxd5 Nxd5 24. f4 ) 20. Qc2 Nxd4 21. Bxd4 Bxd4 22. Nxd5 Qxe5 { With this Morphy
avoids the last trap.} ( 22... Qxd5 23. Nc6 Re4 24. Rxd4 Rxd4 25. Ne7+ ) 23.
Nxf6+ Qxf6 24. Qh7+ { Anderssen has thus ultimately carried out his attack
along the diagonal b1-h2. But there is no mate, only a check and Morphy has now
a won game.} 24... Kf8 25. Be4 Rad8 26. Kh1 Bxb2 27. Rab1 Rxd1+ 28. Rxd1 Qxf2
29. Qh8+ Ke7 30. Qh7 Be5 31. Bf3 Qg3 32. Kg1 Qg6 { and Balck Wins by the
preponderance of his pawns.} 0-1

[Event "Chapter 10 - Modern Ideas in Chess"]

[Site "London"]
[Date "1876.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Steinitz, William"]
[Black "Blackburne, Joseph Henry"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C77"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. d3 d6 6. c3 { Here again the typical

Steinitz scheme of play.} 6... Be7 7. h3 { With this an attack on King's side
is already initiated.} 7... O-O 8. Qe2 Ne8 9. g4 b5 10. Bc2 Bb7 11. Nbd2 Qd7
12. Nf1 Nd8 13. Ne3 Ne6 14. Nf5 g6 15. Nxe7+ Qxe7 { When Black played g6 there
should have been a Bishop on g7 to protect the squares f6 and h6. Seeing that
that Bishop has been exchanged, the squares f6 and h6, on which White has now
the possibility of establishing pieces, become the so-called weak points in
Black's position. How Steinitz in a few moves avails himself of those
weaknesses for his final victory is remarkable.} 16. Be3 N8g7 17. O-O-O c5 18.
d4 exd4 19. cxd4 c4 20. d5 Nc7 21. Qd2 a5 22. Bd4 f6 23. Qh6 b4 24. g5 f5 25.
Bf6 Qf7 26. exf5 gxf5 27. g6 Qxg6 28. Bxg7 Qxh6+ ( 28... Qxg7 29. Rdg1 ) 29.
Bxh6 Rf6 30. Rhg1+ Rg6 31. Bxf5 { and wins.} 1-0
[Event "Chapter 9 - Modern Ideas in chess"]
[Site "Dublin"]
[Date "1865.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Steinitz, William"]
[Black "MacDonnell, George Alcock"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C41"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 d6 3. Bc4 ( 3. d4 { is usual here.} ) 3... Be7 4. c3 Nf6 5. d3

O-O 6. O-O Bg4 7. h3 Bxf3 8. Qxf3 c6 9. Bb3 Nbd7 10. Qe2 Nc5 11. Bc2 Ne6 12. g3
Qc7 13. f4 Rfe8 14. Nd2 Rad8 15. Nf3 Kh8 16. f5 Nf8 { Now Black has a cramped
position, because he has too little space in which to arrange his pieces in
accordance with *any* plan; so he moves here and there with an absence of
scheme.} 17. g4 h6 18. g5 hxg5 19. Nxg5 Kg8 20. Kh1 N6h7 21. Nf3 { A most
important principle to remember is: when you control the larger amount of
territory do not free the opponent's position by exchanging.} 21... Rd7 22.
Rg1 Bd8 23. Bh6 f6 24. Rg2 { The advantage of the greater freedom of space is
clearly seen here. White has the possibility, or to put it better, the space
for doubling his rooks on to the g file; Black cannot do likewise.} 24... d5 {
A mistake which hastens Black's defeat. It is however a difficult matter for a
player in a cramped position of this kind, in which nothing reasonable can be
embarked upon, to avoid making mistakes.} 25. Rag1 Ree7 26. exd5 cxd5 27. Ba4
Rd6 28. Rxg7+ Rxg7 29. Rxg7+ Qxg7 30. Bxg7 Kxg7 31. Qg2+ { and White wins by
preponderance of material.} 1-0

[Event "Chapter 2.6 - Modern Ideas in Chess"]

[Site "Havana"]
[Date "1892.??.??"]
[Round "4"]
[White "Steinitz, William"]
[Black "Chigorin, Mikhail"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C65"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nf6 4. d3 { One sees here at once the difference
between Morphy and Steinitz. The former was always anxious to press on at the
earliest possible moment with d4. Steinitz on the other hand does not want to
break through the centre, but is more concerned with building up for himself a
strong position, to enable him subsequently to prepare an attack on the King's
side.} 4... d6 5. c3 { The position of the pawns on c3 and e4, which makes the
forcing of the centre by the Black pieces impossible, runs with regularity
through the Steinitz games wherever they are opened with e4.} 5... g6 6. Nbd2
{ with the intention of moving the N ( by way of d2 and f1
) to e3 or g3 to carry out the attack. This manoeuvre, so much in favour
today, originates from Steinitz. As a fact we find very often in Steinitz's
games these extended Knight manoeuvres. With Morphy, who always brought about
an open game, that kind of manoeuvre was impossible; as he dared not permit
himself in open positions to lose so much time. Noteworthy and typical of
Steinitz is the delay in castling: so that the possibility of castling on the
Queen's side remained open to him.} 6... Bg7 7. Nf1 O-O 8. Ba4 { in order to
have this Bishop ready for the attack. These are all far-reaching and
preparatory manoeuvres for which in open positions after d4 there would be no
time.} 8... Nd7 { with the idea of making the game an open one if possible by
means of Nc5 and d5.} 9. Ne3 Nc5 10. Bc2 Ne6 11. h4 { Now at this early stage
the attack on the King's wing commences and indeed, clearly contrary to
Morphy's principles, from an undeveloped position. But the essential point is
that Black's counterplay against White's centre does not lend itself to a
successful result on account of the latter's assured position. Equally
remarkable is it that the move h4 is not to be found in analogous games of
Morphy; the reason being that Morphy unlike Steinitz always castled early in
the game.} 11... Ne7 { after which Black can effectively play d5.} 12. h5 d5
13. hxg6 fxg6 { After the weakening of the diagonal a2-g8 through fxg6,
Steinitz opens that diagonal completely by the exchange in d5.} ( { Perhaps }
13... hxg6 { was better. Steinitz would have continued with} 14. Qd2 { in
order to avoid exchange of Queens, as one will find happens in similar
positions with other players; at the same time the strong pawn structure formed
by the pawns at e4 and c3 would have been gained little by the opening of the
Queen's file, as no points of attack are to be found thereon.} ) 14. exd5 Nxd5
15. Nxd5 Qxd5 16. Bb3 Qc6 17. Qe2 Bd7 18. Be3 Kh8 19. O-O-O Rae8 20. Qf1 {
Apparently a defensive move to provide against Nd4. In reality preparation for
the decision of the contest.} 20... a5 21. d4 { This ultimately brings the
other Bishop on the right diagonal a1-h8 for the decisive mating attack.}
21... exd4 22. Nxd4 Bxd4 ( { after } 22... Nxd4 23. Rxd4 { equally follows.} )
23. Rxd4 Nxd4 24. Rxh7+ { After the deep and quiet preparation the end is
brought about magnificently, inasmuch as the whole of the pent-up energy
becomes active.} 24... Kxh7 25. Qh1+ Kg7 26. Bh6+ Kf6 27. Qh4+ Ke5 28. Qxd4+ {
and mate next move.} 1-0

[Event ""]
[Site ""]
[Date "1897.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Blackburne, Joseph"]
[Black "Charousek, Rudolf"]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
[ECO "D02h"]

1.d4 d5 2.Nf3 e6 3.Bf4 Bd6 {If white chooses not to play like Rubinstein e3 he is
bound here, either through the exchange or the withdrawal of the Bishop, to lose
time. Black thereby succeds in first moving the King's pawn.} 4.Bxd6 Qxd6 5.Nbd2
Nf6 6.c3 Nbd7 7.Qc2 e5 8.e3 O-O 9.dxe5 {White exchanges so as not to be forced to
have to think about an eventual e4.} 9...Nxe5 10.Be2 {Now White's difficulties
increase: it would have been better for him to have renounced the possibilities of
freeing his game by c4 or e4 and to have simplified his game by Nxe5, Qxe5; 11.
Nf3.} 10...Bg4 11.h3 Bh5 12.Nxe5 {White is cramped and the threat of Bg6 is before
him.} 12...Bxe2 13.Nef3 Qa6 14.Nb3 Bd3 15.Qd1 b6 16.Nc1 Bc4!! {Very fine! If
instead}
( 16...Bg6 {then} 17.Qe2 {follows.} )
17.Ne5 {After}
( 17.b3 {would come} 17...Qa5 18.Qd2 Ba6 )
17...Rad8 18.Qc2 Qb7 19.Ne2 Rfe8 20.Nxc4 dxc4 21.O-O Qe4 {After the exchange of
Queens, Black's superiority becomes clear.} 22.Qxe4 Nxe4 23.Rfd1 g5 {Charousek
wants to restrict the White Knight. With that object however}
( 23...c5 {would have been better - thus} 24.Nf4 Nd2 {and Black is absolutely
crippled.} )
24.Nd4 Rd5 25.Nf3 Rd3 {Charousek must have over-looked with 23. ... g5 that he
would now attain nothing by Red1 on account of 26. ... Rd4.} 26.Ne1 Rdd8 27.Nf3 c5
28.Kf1 b5 29.a3 a5 30.Ke2 b4 31.axb4 axb4 32.Rxd8 Rxd8 33.cxb4 c3 {Better than }
( 33...cxb4 34.Nd4! {But in spite of the remarkably fine play, Black after the
mistake of his twenty-third move, can no longer win the beautifullt planned
game.} )
34.bxc3 Nxc3+ 35.Ke1 cxb4 36.Nd4 Rb8 37.Nb3 Kg7 38.Ra6 h5 {Charousek sets himself
out to make White's King's wing the object of an attack.} 39.g3 Rc8 40.Nd4 Rc5
41.Ra7 Kg6 42.Rb7 Ra5 43.Rxb4 Ra1+ 44.Kd2 Ne4+ 45.Ke2 Ra2+ 46.Kf3 Nxf2 {It looks as
if Charousek has gained another advantage, but here Blackburne also exhibits his
skills in the clearest light.} 47.Rb6+ f6 48.g4 {White dare not now play
}
( 48.h4 {on account of } 48...g4+ 49.Kf4 Nh1 )
48...h4 49.Rb7 Nxh3 50.Ne6 {The point.}
( 50.Nf5 {would have been wrong on account of} 50...Ng1+ 51.Ke4 Ra4+ {with the
text move 51. Nf8+ and Rh7# are threatened.} )
50...Ng1+ 51.Ke4 Ra4+ 52.Kd3 Ra8 {After }
( 52...Rxg4 {a mate of the problem type with } 53.Nf8+ {would follow in two
moves.} )
53.Rg7+ Kh6 54.Rf7 Rg8 55.Rxf6+ Rg6 56.Rf1 {drawn.} 1/2-1/2

[Event "Chapter 14 - Modern Ideas in Chess"]

[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "?"]
[Black "?"]
[Result "1-0"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nf6 4. O-O d6 5. d4 Bd7 6. Nc3 Be7 7. Re1 exd4 8.
Nxd4 O-O 9. Bxc6 bxc6 10. Bg5 Re8 11. h3 h6 12. Bh4 Nh7 13. Bxe7 Qxe7 14. Qf3 {
This position arises out of the Ruy Lopez opening, viz.: in a game Lasker -
Janowski and in a game Schlechter - Lasker.

It is clear that the Knight at h7

is not sufficiently effective. Janowski did what most would have done, namely,
he brought the Knight for an attack on the Queen by way of Ng5 to Ne6 without
any loss of time. But on e6 the Knight is not favourably placed, because it
blocks both the King's file and the outlet for the Bishop at d7. Lasker
therefore renounces the apparent gain of time by 14. ... Ng5 for the sake of
correct development, and played against Schlechter} 14... Nf8 { ( so as to
get the Knight to g6 ) and obtained a good game after} 15. Rad1 Ng6 16.
Qg3 Qg5 1-0

[Event "Chapter 15 - Modern Ideas in Chess"]

[Site "USA"]
[Date "1907.??.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Marshall, Frank James"]
[Black "Lasker, Emanuel"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "C65"]

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nf6 4.d4 exd4 5.O-O Be7 6.e5 Ne4 7.Nxd4 O-O 8.Nf5 d5 9.Bxc6
bxc6 10.Nxe7+ Qxe7 11.Re1 Qh4 12.Be3 f6 {Black develops the Rook ( f8 ) whit this
move: at the same time it serves as an introduction to an exceedingly deep
combination, with a sacrifice which follows. One discerns very often in Lasker's
games how he seized the idea of a combination in striving to continue his
development untroubled by the threats of his opponent, his superior development
frustrating his opponent's threat.} 13.f3 fxe5 14.fxe4 d4 15.g3
 ( {The Bishop dare not move, e.g.,} 15.Bd2 Bg4 16.Qc1 Rf2 17.Bg5 Rxg2+ 18.Kxg2
Bh3+ 19.Kh1 Qf2 )
( {or} 15.Bc1 Qf2+ 16.Kh1 Bg4 )
( {Had Marshall only rightly seen that he was forced after g3 to give back the
Bishop it would have been better for him to have done so with} 15.Qe2 )
15...Qf6 16.Bxd4
( {The depth of Lasker's combination is appreciated if we probe here the
consequences of} 16.Bd2 {Then would follow} 16...Qf2+ 17.Kh1 Bh3 18.Rg1 h5!
{(threatening Bg4 and Bf3+)} 19.Qxh5
( {or} 19.Be1 )
19...Qxg1+ 20.Kxg1 Rf1# )
16...exd4 17.Rf1 Qxf1+ 18.Qxf1 Rxf1+ 19.Kxf1 {Marshall might have thought that he
stood well in the end game on account of Black's doubled pawns, but Black's better
development decides the issue in his favour.} 19...Rb8 {This discarding of apparent
development with a gain of time through Ba6+ exhibits Lasker's deep insight into
the essence of good development. The Bishop, as a preliminary, is posted best on c8
because from there it operates in two directions. We shall see from what follows
( cf. note to White's 21th move ) how both of these directions come to be of
value.} 20.b3 Rb5 {The Rook is developed on the open rank.} 21.c4
( {The next best move} 21.Nd2 {would not have been good because} 21...Rc5
22.Rc1 Ba6+ {and Bd3. Here the one possibility of developing the Bishop can be
turned to account although as a fact it is subsequently developed on the other side
(see move 27).} )
21...Rh5 22.Kg1
( {If} 22.h4 g5 23.hxg5 Rh1+ {and White is crippled.} )
22...c5 {Now Black has gained the advantage of a protected passed pawn.} 23.Nd2
Kf7! {develops the King before he gets cut off by Rf1} 24.Rf1+ Ke7 25.a3 Rh6! {As
the fourth Rank is no loger quite free the Rook is brought on the third Rank.}
26.h4 Ra6 27.Ra1 Bg4 28.Kf2 Ke6 29.a4 Ke5 30.Kg2 Rf6 31.Re1 d3 {The passed Pawn
protected by the King wins.} 32.Rf1 Kd4 33.Rxf6 gxf6 34.Kf2 c6 {Black makes moves
to gain time because the White pieces have only forced moves.} 35.a5 a6 36.Nb1 Kxe4
37.Ke1 Be2 38.Nd2+ Ke3 39.Nb1 f5 40.Nd2 h5 41.Nb1 Kf3 {and Black wins.} 0-1

[Event ""]
[Site ""]
[Date "1895.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Pillsbury, Harry"]
[Black "Tarrasch, Siegbert"]
[Result "1-0"]
[FEN "4rn1k/4r1pp/p1q2p2/3b1P2/1ppPpR1Q/4P3/PP2NNPP/5RK1 b - - 1 28"]

{Tarrasch played}
28...Qa4 {which appears to be decisive: for after} 29.Ng4! {threatening the
sacrifice of the Knight at f6.}
( 29.Nc1 Qc2 {Black would take possession of White's Queen wing. But Pillsbury
kept his opponent thoroughly occupied by the move in main line. Black therefore
replies with} )
29...Nd7 {It went on} 30.R4f2! {To thwart the threat in the next variation Black
played and gained time with
} 30...Kg8 {Still Black dare not take the pawn at a2
}
( 30...Qxa2 {because after that Pillsbury would win by } 31.Nf4 Bf7 32.Ng6+
Bxg6 33.fxg6 Nf8
( 33...h6? 34.Nxh6 gxh6 35.Qxh6+ Kg8 36.Rf4 )
34.Nxf6 gxf6 35.Rxf6 Kg8 36.Rf7 {wins.} )
31.Nc1 {to ward off the worst: for now Black's Qd2 is prevented. But of what use is
it in the long run? Black plays} 31...c3 {so as after} 32.b3 Qc6 {to continue with
a5, a4 and axb3; axb3, Ra8, Ra3; in order to deprive White of material on the
Queen's wing, whereafter Black's pawns would win easily. Ought White to take up a
defensive attitude? Had he done so, he later on would have found himself at a
disadvantage.} 33.h3 {Pillsbury had reckoned out exactly the time always at his
command and prepares his counter-blow with all calmness.} 33...a5 34.Nh2 {This
appear to the audience to be tormentingly slow.} 34...a4 35.g4 axb3 36.axb3 Ra8
37.g5 Ra3 38.Ng4 Bxb3 {One would think that White is lost. But at the last moment
comes the catastrophe that is to annihilate Black.} 39.Rg2 {which threatens not
only gxf6 but also Nxf6 disclosure check after.} 39...Kh8 40.gxf6 gxf6 {if}
( 40...Nxf6 41.Ne5 {settles matters.} )
41.Nxb3 Rxb3 42.Nh6 Rg7 {The only move.} 43.Rxg7 Kxg7 44.Qg3+ Kxh6 45.Kh1!! {The
'deus ex machina. Black can only with the heaviest sacrifices avert the early
impending mate by 46. Rg1.} 45...Qd5 46.Rg1 Qxf5 47.Qh4+ Qh5 48.Qf4+ Qg5 49.Rxg5
fxg5 50.Qd6+ Kh5 51.Qxd7 {and wins.} 1-0

[Event "?"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "?"]
[Black "?"]
[Result "*"]

1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 f5 4.Nf3 c6 {The weakness of the stonewall defence lies in
the shutting off of the Queen's Bishop. In the game now before us the Black game
ultimately fails by reason of that weakness.} 5.Bf4 Bd6 6.e3!! Nf6 7.Bd3 Qc7 8.g3!
{White's handling of the opening, with the idea after 8. ... Bxf4; 9. exf4 of
exerting pressure on the King's file, originated with Pillsbury.} 8...O-O 9.O-O Ne4
10.Qb3 Kh8 11.Rac1 Bxf4 {Black loses patience and opens for White his King's file:
for otherwise he sees staring him in the face, 12. cxd5, exd5; 13. Nb5.} 12.exf4
Qf7 13.Ne5 Qe7 14.Bxe4! {Now Schlechter apparently blocks the King's file. As a
fact he opens it again with his following move in a favourable way.} 14...fxe4
15.f3 exf3 16.Rce1! Qc7 {White threatened cxd5 and Nxf3.} 17.Qa3 Kg8
( {If Black plays} 17...Nd7 {White cripples him with} 18.Qe7 )
18.Rxf3 Na6 19.b3! Qd8 20.c5 Nc7 21.Qb2 Bd7 22.Qc2 Qe7 23.Ref1 Rae8 24.g4 Bc8
25.Rh3! {By which forces weak points in Black's position.} 25...g6 26.b4 {It is
surprising that White suddenly begins an attack on the Queen's side. But that is
the epic of Schlechter's game mentioned at the commencement of this chapter. He
carries out operations apparently not concerted on different parts of the board, so
that one has the impression that a game with no clear preconceived objective is in
progress. And it is only at the end that one perceives for the first time the
connection of things seemingly disconnected, with the result that the game is
rounded off into one great homogeneous whole.} 26...Qf6 27.Rhf3 Re7 28.a4 a6
29.Nd1!! {By move 25 White forced the weakening of f6 and h6 in Black's position.
Now the Knight migrates towards one of those points, namely h6.} 29...Rg7 30.Ne3
Qe7 31.g5 Bd7 32.N3g4 Be8 33.Nh6+ Kh8 34.Qe2 {Black has three weak points on the
King's side. On two of them (e5 and h6) White is firmly established. In order to
take advantage of the third (f6) White wants to place his Queen on e5 in lieu of
the Knight and to bring that liberated Knight to f6.} 34...Qd8 35.Neg4 Bd7 36.Qe5
Ne8 37.Rh3 Qc7
( {If} 37...Qe7 {then} 38.Qb8 {wins.} )
38.Nf6! Qxe5
( {If} 38...Qd8 {then} 39.Nxh7! )
( {if} 38...Bc8 39.Nxe8 Qxe5 40.fxe5 Rxe8 41.Rhf3 )
39.fxe5 Re7 40.Rhf3 Nxf6 41.Rxf6 Rxf6 42.exf6 Re8 43.Nf7+ Kg8 44.Ne5 Rd8 45.Kg2 Kf8
46.h4 Be8 {Now we see that White by his attack has arrived at a solution, after
which Black, in consequence of his original and permanently disadvantageous
position involving the blocking in of his Bishop by his own chain of pawns, must
lose.} 47.Kf3 Bf7 48.Kf4 Ke8 49.Rb1 {The attack on the Queen's side for some time
interrupted is now resumed and brings about a speedy termination.} 49...Kf8 50.b5
{and Black resigns. If} 50...axb5 51.axb5 Be8 52.bxc6 Bxc6 53.Nxc6 bxc6 54.Ke5
{etc.} *

[Event "Chapter 16 - Modern Ideas in Chess"]

[Site "Germany"]
[Date "1908.??.??"]
[Round "4"]
[White "Tarrasch, Siegbert"]
[Black "Lasker, Emanuel"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "C66"]

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nf6 4.O-O d6 5.d4 Bd7 6.Nc3 Be7 7.Re1 exd4 8.Nxd4 {A
position is arrived at in which White can develop his striking forces on the first
four to five ranks whilst Black has only three at his disposal ( compare the
treatment of this position in Chapter XXII ) . Black finds himself on that account
cramped and seeks by means of exchanges to free his game.} 8...Nxd4 9.Qxd4 Bxb5
10.Nxb5 {We now get in accordance with well-known principles the following
developing moves on each side.} 10...O-O 11.Bg5 Re8 12.Rad1 h6 13.Bh4 Nd7 {The
Knight is badly posted at f6 because Black cannot challenge th control of e4 and
d5. Besides it stands in the way of the Bishop at e7, whilst the Bishop itself
blocks the only open file for the Rook. For that reason and to bring to a further
exchange 13. ... Nd7 occurs.} 14.Bxe7 Rxe7 15.Qc4 {White has developed all his
pieces even to the Knight at b5 which he wants to convey to f5 by way of d4.}
15...Re5!! {After this move White clearly dare not take the pawn at c7. In this
position Black by numerous exchanges has somewhat overcome the disadvantage of his
cramped position. That is to say a disadvantage merely as contrasted with White's
position. Whilst White has the King and Queen's files at his disposal for the
development of both his Rooks, Black has only the King's file open. Black is
therefore confronted with the difficulty arising from his inability to turn both
Rooks to account. How does Lasker meet does difficulties? He has recourse to an
idea which may not strike the layman as being anything extraordinary, but which to
the expert seems as original as it is bold. He wants to get his Rook into the open,
via e5, well knowing that not only would any attacks by White against him be of no
avail but that he can harass effectually White's Queen's side.} 16.Nd4 Rc5! 17.Qb3
Nb6 {The Knight is necessary for the support of the Rook as will be seen from the
course of the game.} 18.f4 {Tarrasch's execution in this game is not on the same
level as that of his opponent. He does not carry out any counter action but does
the most obvious thing. He cuts off the Rook, which he considers badly positioned,
from the squares available in the event of its having to retire, and above all from
e5. But Lasker had no intention of bringing back the Rook to the King's file so
soon, he having just moved it to c5.} 18...Qf6 19.Qf3 Re8 20.c3 a5 {In order to
attack the Queen's wing with a4 , a3.} 21.b3 {and so to shut the Rook in completely
after a5 with b5 without Black being able to take the Pawn 'en passant'.} 21...a4
22.b4 Rc4 {Now there is no move for the Rook.} 23.g3 {Protecting pawn at f4 and to
make the Queen mobile.} 23...Rd8 {This move discloses at once the weakness of
White's Queen's side and at the
same time the strength of the Rook's position at c4. Black now threatens, with
c5, to burst open White's Queen wing and to liberate his own Rook and further
to reap an advantage from the weakness of White's Pawns. It would have been a
mistake to play at once c4 because of the counter-attacking move 24. Nb5.
} 24.Re3 {White is now positionally outplayed. He has, against the threat 24. ...
c5 no
defence from a positional point of view. Therefore he attempts to create one
by means of a combination, which, as is usual with all combinations resorted
to in a state of mere desperation, does not get home. We shall very soon see
that 24. Re3 is the necessary preparation with which to meet the designed
combination of 24. ... c5. (cfr. note to White's 27th move).} 24...c5 25.Nb5 cxb4
26.Rxd6 {Here comes the combination.} 26...Rxd6 27.e5 {If the Rook at e3 now stood
in e1 Black would obtain the advantage by 27. ... Qe7; 28. Nxd6 Rxc3.} 27...Rxf4 {A
surprising move which upsets White's combination. Whatever White Plays Black
retains a pawn preponderance.} 28.gxf4 Qg6+ {and Black won through his pawn
preponderance on the Queen's side.} 0-1

[Event "2nd diagram"]

[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Tarrasch, Siegbert"]
[Black "Schlechter, Carl"]
[Result "*"]
[FEN "r2qk2r/pppbbppp/3p1n2/1B6/3pP3/2N5/PPP2PPP/R1BQR1K1 w kq - 0 9"]

9. Bxd7+ Qxd7 ( { Black could have be freed his position much better by } 9...
Nxd7 { The Bishop would thereby have f6 free and leave the King's file
available for the Rook ( at f8 ) and the Knight could have been
further developed at e5 or c5. Schlechter, however, took the Bishop with the
Queen because with the Queen in d7 he follows up the impossible plan of
carrying out d5. To have shown that such plan is incapable of execution is due
to Tarrasch.} ) 10. Qxd4 O-O 11. b3 $1 { The best way of developing the
Bishop} ( 11. Bg5 { would only lead to an exchange and every exchange is to
the advantage of the side with the cramped position.} ) 11... Rfe8 12. Bb2 Bf8
{ 13. Nd5 is threatened} 13. Rad1 Qc6 14. Rd3 Re6 15. Rde3 Rae8 16. h3 { This
is to prevent Ng4. We observe how the moves that pursue the object of keeping
Black's game cramped, at the same time prepare the decisive attack on the
castled King.} 16... Qb6 17. Qd3 { of course White will not exchange} 17...
c6 { The liberating move d5 is here threatened.} 18. Na4 $1 Qc7 19. c4 $1 Nd7
20. Kh1 { After Nd7, White has to take into consideration the subsequent
possibility of f4 ( which must be checked at the proper time by g4
) , Tarrasch therefore prefers first to remove the King from the
Knight's file ( cf. note to White's sixteenth move ) .}
20... f6 21. Qc2 Ne5 22. Nc3 $1 { White's intention is to take the badly posted
Knight ( via Nd2 and Nd4 ) to the favourable square f5 (
cf. note to move 8 )} 22... Nf7 { This move and the following moves
of Black are all made with the object of hindering the Knight manoeuvre planned
by White. In the event of 23. Ne2 Black has an opportunity of making the
freeing move d5.} 23. g4 *

[Event "Chapter 12 - Modern Ideas in Chess"]

[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Tarrasch, Siegbert"]
[Black "Schlechter, Carl"]
[Result "1-0"]
[FEN "4rbk1/ppq2npp/2pprp2/8/2P1P3/1PN1R2P/PBQ2PP1/4R2K w - - 4 23"]

23. g4 Qa5 ( 23... d5 24. exd5 Rxe3 25. Rxe3 Rxe3 { n.d.r the book continues with
Nxe3 but that is impossible!} ) 24. Rd1 Qb6 25. h4 Ne5 26. Rg3 Nf7 27. f3 {
Now Black can no longer prevent Ne2, and assembles in force all his fighting
resources on his King's side as a final attempt to parry White's attack.}
27... Nh8 28. Ne2 Qc7 29. Rgg1 ( { Not } 29. Nd4 { at once on account of d4.}
) 29... Qf7 30. Nd4 R8e7 31. g5 fxg5 32. Rxg5 g6 33. Nf5 Re5 { In desperation,
because after any other Rook move 32. Qf2 finishes the struggle still more
quickly.} 34. f4 { Still in order to continue with Qc3 after Rxe4.} 34...
Rxf5 35. exf5 Bg7 36. fxg6 { and Black resigns.} 1-0

[Event "?"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Tarrasch, Siegbert"]
[Black "Schlechter, Carl"]
[Result "*"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 d6 { The so-called Steinitz defence against which

Tarrassch operates with an energetic system of attack:} 4. d4 { White's plan
consists of forcing exd4 by Black, designated by Tarrasch the "surrender of the
centre." Tarrasch, that is to say, had first proved with great force, that the
centre pawn formation ( White P at e4, Black's ad d6 )
afforded to White the larger amount of freedom of space ( see note
to move 8 ) .} 4... Bd7 { Black is at pains to avoid the unfavourable
exchange on Q4 and defends the attacked pawn at e5 by a counter attack on d4.}
5. Nc3 Nf6 6. O-O Be7 7. Re1 { Whit this protection of the pawn at e4 White
forces the surrender of Black's centre.} 7... Nxd4 { In order that Black may
exchange not only the pawn but also the Knight he loses time because the Queen
captures and develops at the same time. Still this exchange is not to be
entirely objected to; for generally speaking it is a good plan, in cramped
positions, to free oneself as much as possible, and one can with limited
terrain develop better with fewer pieces. The essential error, that causes
Schlechter later on to lose, was his lack of consitency. Whilst, in the first
instance, he seeks in his cramped position to make matters easier by
exchanging, he afterwards adopts the plan of freeing himself, generally by
advancing his pawns to d5 or c5. But Black, after the time lost by Nxd4, has no
longer any prospect of carrying through a liberationg pawn advance of that
nature.} 8. Nxd4 exd4 *

[Event "Chapter 13 - Modern Ideas in Chess"]

[Site "Vienna"]
[Date "1898.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Tarrasch, Siegbert"]
[Black "Walbrodt, Carl August"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "D37"]

1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Nf3 Be7 5. Bf4 c6 { Black contents himself with

a cramped but firm position so as to avoid complications and with the hope of
thus obtaining a draw. In truth to no other than to Dr. Tarrasch was he so
little disposed to concede open terrain. The latter was in taking advantage of
such an opportunity inimitably as great as Morphy, having the possibility of a
mating attack, or as Steinitz when he espied weak points in the opponent's
position.} 6. e3 Nbd7 7. h3 $1 { In order to avoid the exchange of his Queen's
Bishop for a Knight.} 7... Nf8 8. c5 Ng6 9. Bh2 Qa5 { A useless sally.} 10.
a3 Ne4 11. Bd3 Nxc3 12. Qd2 Nh4 13. Nxh4 Bxh4 14. b4 Qd8 15. Qxc3 O-O 16. O-O
Qd7 { With the intention of bringing about another exchange by means of Bd8 and
Bc7.} 17. Qc2 { The final decision in similar positions must always be carried
out by a break-through of pawns, and with that object Tarrasch wants to force
the advance of pawns in the castled position in order to have a point of attack
ready at hand for such subsequent break-through.} 17... f5 { It is clear now
that the break-through on the g file by means of g4 will be feasible.} 18. Kh1
Bd8 19. Be5 { White will only submit to the exchange of his Queen Bishop if it
means a consequent improvement of his position.} 19... Bc7 20. f4 Bxe5 21.
fxe5 Qe7 22. g4 $1 g6 23. Rf4 { The more open position on the g file White
rightly takes advantage of first, by placing his major pieces on it, where
Black, by reason of his obviously increasing lack of terrain, cannot oppose
him, and then by exchanges.} ( { It is important to mention here that if White
played at once } 23. gxf5 { Black would reply with} 23... gxf5 { Should white
then bring his major pieces to bear on the g file, Black opposes him on that
file and White achieves nothing.} ) 23... Bd7 24. Rg1 Kh8 25. Qg2 a5 { This
attempt at an assault upon White's Queen's wing proves unsuccessful because
Black must keep his Rook in readiness for use at any moment for the defence of
his threatened King's wing.} 26. Bb1 axb4 27. axb4 Ra4 28. gxf5 { Just at the
right moment. For after 28. ... gxf5: 29. Rf3 followed by Rg3 and Rg7 would
soon decide the issue. Black is therefore forced, as a consequence to Ra4, to
take with the King's Pawn, and his close position on the g file becomes thereby
stabilised. Thereupon White's King's Pawn becomes a protected passed pawn.}
28... exf5 29. Qd2 $1 { The continuation of the storming operation by pawns
against constricted King's position of the other side is here prepared.} 29...
Rg8 30. Qe1 Be6 31. h4 Raa8 32. Rff1 { White by this move and the next few
moves does not dispose of his pieces so as to arrive at a decision of the fight
in the quickest possible way. In such positions, however, breathing time is
permissible, seeing that the opponent is crippled.} 32... Rg7 33. Rg2 Rag8 34.
Rh2 Qd7 35. Bd3 Ra8 36. Qg3 Qe7 37. Rg1 Rag8 38. Rhg2 Rf8 39. Qf4 Rfg8 40. Qh6
Bd7 41. Kh2 $3 { The direct break-through by means of Be2 and h5 would with
Black's firm position lead only a general exchange of pieces and to a drawn end
game. Tarrasch now applies his finest and last resource. He avails himself of
the large amount of open spaces at his disposal to bring his King to the middle
of the board before those exchanges take place, which Black with his close
formation is unable to emulate. It is on that account that ensuing end game
terminates in White's favour with such rapidity.} 41... Be6 42. Rg5 Bd7 43.
Kg3 Be8 44. Kf4 Bd7 45. h5 Be8 46. hxg6 Bxg6 47. Be2 Qd8 48. Bh5 Bxh5 49. Qxh5
Rxg5 50. Rxg5 Rxg5 51. Qxg5 Qf8 52. e6 { Black resigns.} 1-0

[Event "?"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "?"]
[Black "?"]
[Result "*"]

1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Be7 5.e5 Nfd7 6.Bxe7 Qxe7 7.f4 O-O *

[Event "?"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Capablanca"]
[Black "Amateur"]
[Result "1-0"]

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nf6 4.O-O d6 5.d4 Bd7 6.Nc3 Be7 7.Re1 exd4 8.Nxd4 Nxd4
9.Qxd4 Bxb5 10.Nxb5 O-O 11.Qc3 {Compare the remarks bearing on this point in
the preceding section.} 11...c6 12.Nd4 Nd7 13.Nf5 Bf6 14.Qg3 Ne5 15.Bf4 {This
is the advantage of not having developed his Bishop at g5 according to
pattern. He can, after having induced the weakness of the pawn at d6, now post
his Bishop at f4 with greater advantage.} 15...Qc7 {White threatens to gain
the pawn at d6 with Rd1.} 16.Rad1 Rad8 17.Rxd6 {A pretty combination by which
White at least wins the weak pawn.} 17...Rxd6 18.Bxe5 Rd1 ( {It is clear that
after} 18...Bxe5 19.Qxe5
{Black loses.} ) ( {The best was} 18...Qa5 19.Bc3 Bxc3 20.bxc3 Rg6 21.Ne7+ {and
White has won
his Pawn.} ) {Black however prefers the ingenious move Rd1 thinking that
Capablanca had overlooked it, and that he would thereby obtain quite an equal
game.} 19.Rxd1 Bxe5 20.Nh6+ Kh8 21.Qxe5 {One sees now that Capablanca
has accurately included in his calculations the seemingly brilliant defence.}
21...Qxe5 22.Nxf7+ {Black resigns as he cannot take the Knight because of 23.
Rd8+.} 1-0

[Event ""]
[Site ""]
[Date "1913.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Capablanca, Jose"]
[Black "Blanco Estera, Rafael"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C10m"]

1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 dxe4 4.Nxe4 Nd7 5.Nf3 Ngf6 6.Nxf6+ Nxf6 {In this
position White has only developed one piece, viz., the Knight at f3 and at the
same time the other pieces are undeveloped. Would not all the older masters
have denounced a second move of this the only developed piece as a bungling
one? Yet Capablanca made it and played } 7.Ne5 {for the main disadvantage that
Black was suffering from was the difficulty of developing his Queen's Bishop.
Capablanca's plan is to retain this advantage as long as possible and by his
move prevent Black's} 7...b6 {after which } 8.Bb5+ {would follow with
advantage.} 1-0

[Event "?"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Capablanca"]
[Black "N.N."]
[Result "1-0"]

1.d4 d5 2.e3 e6 3.Bd3 c6 4.Nf3 Bd6 5.Nbd2 f5 6.c4 Qf6 7.b3 {The main
difficulty in Black's game is his Queen's Bishop which he finds hard to
develop, and which can only be freed by e5. Capablanca bases the scheme of his
game on that. When the game becomes open by Black's e5; Black's King's side is
weak in consequence of the advance of the 'f' pawn. White wants, in conformity
with the positional scheme, to carry on the attack along the diagonals a2-g8
and a1-h8 now that those diagonals can no longer be blocked by a Pawn at
either f7 or f6.} 7...Nh6 8.Bb2 O-O 9.Qc2 Nd7 10.h3!! {A very fine move which
forms part of the plan above detailed to seize the diagonals a2-g8 and a1-h8.}
10...g6 11.O-O-O e5 {At last comes the liberating move by Black, but
Capablanca has everything so well prepared that he can force a win.} 12.dxe5
Nxe5 13.cxd5 cxd5 14.Nc4!! {By which White gets command of the diagonal
a2-g8.} 14...dxc4 15.Bxc4+ Nhf7 16.Rxd6 Qxd6 17.Nxe5 Be6 {Black wants the
Diagonal. By the combination contained in the two following moves Capablanca
however seizes it again.} 18.Rd1 Qe7 19.Rd7 Bxd7 ( {After} 19...Qe8 20.Qc3
{wins.} ) 20.Nxd7 {Now White threatens both Qc3 and Nf6+.} 20...Rfc8 21.Qc3
Rxc4 22.bxc4 {and wins. For if} 22...Nd6 ( {On the other hand if} 22...Nd8
{there follows} 23.Qh8+ Kf7 24.Qg7+ {with Nf6+ or Nf8+.} ) {White remains with
an extra piece after} 23.Qh8+ Kf7 24.Ne5+ {and Qxa8.} 1-0

[Event "?"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "?"]
[Black "?"]
[Result "*"]

1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.exd5 exd5 5.Bd3 c5 6.dxc5 Bxc5 7.Bg5 Be6 8.Nf3 Nc6 9.O-
O O-O 10.Ne2 {This move is refuted by Black who now acquires the initiative.}
10...h6! 11.Bh4 Bg4 {By h6 Black has prevented 12. Ng3 as well Nf4 since in both
cases 12... g5 would follow.} 12.Nc3 Nd4 13.Be2 Nxe2+ 14.Qxe2 {A position was
arrived at here in which the opportunity presented itself to develop a hitherto
undeveloped piece and indeed with an attack. The move 14...Re1 would have had that
effect and was in accordance with the principles prevailing when I grew up and
which corresponded almost entirely with Morphy's principles (for he would without
considering have chosen that move).

To my great astonishment Capablanca would not even consider the move at all.
Finally he discovered the following monoeuvre by means of which he forced a
deterioration of White's Pawn position and thereby later on his defeat:} 14...Bd4
15.Qd3 Bxc3 16.Qxc3 Ne4! 17.Qd4 g5 18.Ne5 Bf5 *

[Event "?"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Akiba Rubinstein"]
[Black "Emanuel Lasker"]
[Result "*"]

1.d4 d5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.c4 {The idea of the Queen's Gambit is to excercise
pressure on the Bishop's file. If Black plays in order to avoid such pressure
sooner or later White's Pawn in c4, by an exchange of pawns in the centre,
isolates the Pawn at d5 and attacks the latter.} 3...e6 4.Nc3 Be7 5.Bg5 c5
6.cxd5 {(Cf. the foregoing note.)} 6...exd5 7.e3 Nc6 8.Bb5 cxd4 9.Nxd4 Bd7
{Lasker is the dramatist of the chess board who understands how to create
situations and complications out of nothing and always to awaken increasing
tension. He does not at this stage of the game seek to effect what the
position demands, namely, the protection of the weak pawn at d5, but will
fashion the ultimate eventuality according to his own ideas.
Rubinstein sees now that he can win the pawn at d5 but in order to do so must
undergo an apparently irresistible attack. This attack which Black will obtain
looks so dangerous that even players known for their boldness would not have
ventured to take the pawn. Rubinstein is not bold but anxious; frequently over
anxious. Often when his opponent with a bad game, and with the intention of
giving to it a different turn, has sacrificed something, Rubinstein has not
accepted the sacrifice made thus in desperation, but has preferred to go on
with the original positional idea of his game and thus to lead up to a more
tardy yet certain victory.

But in the game before us (cf. note to move 3) the attack on the pawn at d5 is
the positional idea underlying the scheme of his game. Should he not take the
pawn he ceases to be that humble and submissive player, who puts his trust in
his idea and obey its promptings; so in the end he does take the pawn with
fear and trembling, yet with confidence and certainty that what is right must
prevail.} 10.Bxf6 Bxf6 11.Nxd5 Bxd4 12.exd4 Qg5 13.Bxc6 {Evidently this
exchange is forced.} 13...Bxc6 {This open and beautiful position which Lasker
has attained in a few moves in the defence of a Queen's Gambit is indeed an
admirable example of his genius for positions.} 14.Ne3 O-O-O {Lasker adds to
the tension.} ( {With} 14...Bxg2 {he would release such tension to White's
advantage,
viz.:} 15.Rg1 Qa5+ 16.Qd2 Qxd2+ 17.Kxd2 Be4 {(so as to be able to play Bg6
after 18. Rxg7)} 18.Rac1 {and White will make an inroad into Black's game.} )
15.O-O Rhe8 {It looks now as if White to meet the threat Rxe3 must play 16. g3
whereupon Black's attack would be overwhelming. Still Rubinstein cannot
believe that he is lost. He believes in his ideas and again has played
accordingly. Imbued with this belief he looks for his salvation, that is for
the "miracle", which must come to the rescue of the true believer who has
never swerved from his conviction.} 16.Rc1! Rxe3 ( {If} 16...Kb8 {then} 17.Rc5 Qg6
18.d5 {and Black's attack is beaten off and White with a good position retains
his Pawn.} ) 17.Rxc6+ bxc6 18.Qc1!! {This is the "miracle". Whatever move
Black makes now, White turns the Pawn gained to account and ultimately wins
the end game.} *

[Event "Chapter 16 - Modern Ideas in Chess"]

[Site "Germany"]
[Date "1908.??.??"]
[Round "4"]
[White "Tarrasch, Siegbert"]
[Black "Lasker, Emanuel"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "C66"]

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nf6 4.O-O d6 5.d4 Bd7 6.Nc3 Be7 7.Re1 exd4 8.Nxd4 Nxd4
9.Qxd4 Bxb5 10.Nxb5 O-O 11.Bg5 {This is in accordance with the old theory. As
all the other pieces have been developed White takes it as a matter of course
that he ought to bring the Queen's Bishop and the Queen's Rook into play. The
essential element of the position is due to the centre pawn formation at e4
and d6. By means of it White can get his Knight on to the fifth rank and it
would be well protected.} ( {In order to avail himself of that possibility
Capablanca in the same position (see game Capablanca - Amateur § 27) played}
11.Qc3 {so as to land the Knight on f5 via d4 on the favourable square f5.} )
11...Re8 12.Rad1 {Again a developing move but forming no part of any scheme.
In this game, however, that is not so obvious. Take the following similar
game already discussed, viz.: Tarrasch - Schlechter (Leipzig, 1894) 1. e4,
e5; 2. Nf3, Nc6; 3. Bb5, Nf6; 4. O-O, d6; 5. d4 Bd7; 6. Nc3, Be7; 7 Re1,
exd4; 8 Nxd4, Nxd4; 9. Bxd7+, Qxd7. Faulty development. It would have been
right to take with the already developed Knight at f6 and thereby to have
freed the Bishop at e7 and have created an open file for the Rook. 10. Qxd4,
O-O; 11. b3, Re8; 12. Bb2, Bf8; 13. Rad1? (This shows itself at once to be
time lost. But this move which develops the last undeveloped piece had
formerly been considered so much a matter of course that none of the critics
make it the subject of remark). 13... Qc6; 14. Rd3, Re6; 15. h3, Rae8; 16. Rd
e3, etc.} 12...h6 13.Bh4 Nd7 14.Bxe7 Rxe7 15.Qc4 Re5!! 16.Nd4 Rc5! 17.Qb3 Nb6
18.f4 Qf6 19.Qf3 Re8 {An aimless developing move of the old style. A better
move was a6. If one compares the continuation of the game one finds that R-K
sq effects nothing and later on the R at e8 has to go to d8.} 20.c3 a5 21.b3
a4 22.b4 Rc4 23.g3 Rd8 24.Re3 c5 25.Nb5 cxb4 26.Rxd6 Rxd6 27.e5 Rxf4 28.gxf4
Qg6+ 0-1

[Event "?"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "?"]
[Black "?"]
[Result "*"]

[Event "?"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "?"]
[Black "?"]
[Result "*"]

1.d4 Nf6 2.Nf3 e6 3.c4 b6 4.Nc3 Bb7 *

[Event "?"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "?"]
[Black "?"]
[Result "*"]

1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Nbd7 5.e3 Be7 6.Nf3 O-O 7.Rc1 c6 {This was formerly
considered bad and b6 was played early in order to make c5 possible. It
corresponds with the modern scheme of defence not to arrive at a decision so soon
in the centre.} 8.Bd3 dxc4 9.Bxc4 Nd5 10.Bxe7 Qxe7 11.O-O Nxc3 12.Rxc3 {Black has
now the chance either with c5 or e5 of pressing forward in the centre. And, as the
player having the move does not know which plan the defending player will adopt, it
is much harder here for White to find a correct formation for his pieces than it
was against the earlier usual defences.} *
[Event ""]
[Site ""]
[Date "1914.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Alekhine, Alexander"]
[Black "Fahrni, Hans"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C13m"]

1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Be7 5.e5 Nfd7 6.h4 {This ingenious method of
play which has subsequently been adopted by all modern masters is
characteristic of Alekhin's style.} 6...Bxg5 7.hxg5 Qxg5 8.Nh3! {The
short-stepping Knight is always brought as near as possible to the actual
battle field. Therefore White does not make the plausible move 8. Nf3 but 8.
Nh3 so as to get the Knight to f4.} 8...Qe7 9.Nf4 Nf8 10.Qg4 f5 {The only
move. Not only was 11. Qxg7 threatened but also Ncxd5.} 11.exf6 gxf6 12.O-O-O
{He again threatens Ncxd5.} 12...c6 13.Re1 Kd8 14.Rh6! e5 15.Qh4 Nbd7 16.Bd3
e4 17.Qg3 Qf7 {Forced.}
( {The sacrifice of the Knight at d5 was threatened and after} 17...Qd6
18.Bxe4 dxe4 19.Rxe4 {and 20. Qg7 wins.} )
18.Bxe4! dxe4 19.Nxe4 Rg8 20.Qa3 {Here, as so often happens, a surprising move
and one difficult to have foreseen, forms the kernel of an apparently simple
Alekhin combination.} 20...Qg7
( {After} 20...Qe7 {to} 21.Qa5+ b6 22.Qc3 {would follow.} )
21.Nd6 Nb6 22.Ne8 Qf7 {White mates in three moves with Qd6+, Qxf6+, QxQ mate.}
1-0

[Event ""]
[Site ""]
[Date "1921.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Alekhine, Alexander"]
[Black "Rubinstein, Akiba"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "D30f"]

1.d4 d5 2.Nf3 e6 3.c4 a6 4.c5! {Formerly this move was thought inferior as Black
soon threatens a counter advance by e5.} 4...Nc6 5.Bf4 Nge7 {In order now by means
of Ng6 to enforce e5.} 6.Nc3 Ng6 7.Be3 {This, which hits all principles of
development in the face, would certainly have been made by no older master. But the
positionally correct plan is to prevent Black's e5.}
( {If however,} 7.Bg3 {then} 7...e5 8.dxe5 d4 )
7...b6 {Rubinstein, driven by necessity, abandons e5 and wants to free himself from
the troublesome pressure pawn at c5.} 8.cxb6 cxb6 9.h4! {White now proceeds to
provide the temporarily badly posted Bishop at e3 with a square.} 9...Bd6 10.h5
Nge7 11.h6 g6 12.Bg5 O-O 13.Bf6 {and White thanks to the weakness of the Black's
King's position, has a strategically won game.} 1-0

[Event ""]
[Site ""]
[Date "1922.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Bogoljubow, Efim"]
[Black "Alekhine, Alexander"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "A90"]

1.d4 f5 2.c4 Nf6 3.g3 e6 4.Bg2 Bb4+ 5.Bd2 Bxd2+ 6.Nxd2 Nc6 7.Ngf3 O-O 8.O-O d6
{White cannot now prevent Black getting, with e5, a good game in the centre.
Therefore he places his Queen at c3 in order to obtain some play by means of an
advance of his pawns on the Queen's wing.} 9.Qb3 Kh8 10.Qc3 e5 11.e3 a5! {In order
to retain as long as possible the favourable feature of keeping the position in the
centre in a state of balance, Black hinders the pushing of the pawn to b5 and b4.}
12.b3
( {White will still carry through his plan; after} 12.a3 {there naturally
follows} 12...a4 )
12...Qe8 13.a3 Qh5 14.h4
( {Now White dare not make the move} 14.b4 {because of the reply} e4 15.Ne1
axb4 )
( {If} 14.dxe5 dxe5 15.Nxe5 Nxe5 16.Qxe5 {then} 16...Ng4 )
14...Ng4 15.Ng5 Bd7 16.f3 Nf6 {Black now threatens to roll up White's position with
f4.} 17.f4 e4 18.Rfd1 {To make room for the Knight at f1 as Black threatens Qf3 and
Nh5.} 18...h6 19.Nh3 d5! {Black with that move begins a fight to establish himself
at d5.} 20.Nf1 Ne7 {Threatens, with a4, to seize the control of the square at d5.}
21.a4 Nc6 22.Rd2 Nb4 23.Bh1 {White in his bad position has in view an attempt to
free his King's side by means of Rg2, Nf2 and g4.} 23...Qe8! {The strategic
decision of the game. White now has to choose between abandoning d5 to black or
losing a pawn. He rightly prefers the latter evil.} 24.Rg2
( {After} 24.c5 {Black would have continued with} 24...b6 )
24...dxc4 25.bxc4 Bxa4 26.Nf2 Bd7 27.Nd2 b5 {Begins the fight again for d5.} 28.Nd1
{Protects e3 so as to play Ne5 after 28...bxc4; 29. Nxc4, Nd5.} 28...Nd3 {Black has
already a satisfactory strategic advantage and now proceeds to combinational play.}
29.Rxa5 b4 30.Rxa8
( {If} 30.Qa1 Rxa5 31.Qxa5 Qa8 {and Black on the a-file penetrates White's
position.} )
30...bxc3 31.Rxe8 c2! {The first point of the combination.} 32.Rxf8+ Kh7 33.Nf2
c1=Q+ 34.Nf1 {White has obtained, seemingly, enough material for the Queen. But now
follows the second point in Alekhin's combination.} 34...Ne1 {Threatens mate in
one.} 35.Rh2 Qxc4 {Threatens Bb5.} 36.Rb8 Bb5 37.Rxb5 Qxb5 38.g4 Nf3+ 39.Bxf3 exf3
40.gxf5
( {After} 40.g5 {follows} 40...Ng4 )
40...Qe2 {and wins.

White has only Pawn moves and they are quickly exhausted. After R h3 and equally so
after Nh3, Ng4 would follow.} 0-1

[Event "?"]
[Site "Stockholm"]
[Date "1919.12.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Bogoljubow"]
[Black "N.N."]
[Result "1-0"]

1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Be7 5.e5 Nfd7 6.h4 Bxg5 7.hxg5 Qxg5 8.Nh3 Qe7 9.Qg4
g6 10.Nf4 a6 11.O-O-O c5 {In this position the pawns are already so much
interlocked, that White has no possibility of effecting a break through by pawns.
He is compelled, therefore, in order to successfully to institute an attack, to
break through by means of a sacrifice of pieces.} 12.Qg3 {Therewith threatens
Nfxd5, exd5; 14. Nxd5, Qd8; 15. e6.}
( {It would be wrong at once to continue} 12.Nfxd5 exd5 13.Nxd5 {because of
12... Nc6 with exchange of Queens.} )
12...Nb6 13.dxc5 Qxc5 14.Bd3 {Threatens to hit at g6.} 14...Qf8
( {The only defence, though there arose for consideration} 14...Nc4
{threatening Qb4.} {But Bogoljubow gave, immediately after the finish of
the game, the following winning combination which almost looks like a
study} 15.Bxc4 Qxc4 16.Nfxd5 exd5 17.Nxd5 Bf5 18.Nf6+ Kf8
( 18...Ke7 19.Qa3+ )
19.Rd8+ Ke7
( 19...Kg7 20.Rg8+ Rxg8 21.Rxh7+ Kf8 22.Qa3+ )
20.Nd5+!! Kxd8 21.Qg5+ {and mate wins or the Queen.} )
15.Be4!! {Without this surprising sacrifice of the piece White could not force the
break through and Black would get the advantage.} 15...dxe4 {Black prefers himself
to take, otherwise White, through the sacrifice at d5, would not only open the
Queen's file but also the King's.} 16.Nxe4 N8d7 17.Qc3 {Perhaps the finest move in
the game. Black had no other reply than} 17...Qe7 {Now follows} 18.Nf6+ Nxf6
( {Bogoljubow worked out the following variation in the event of Black not
exchanging the Knight at f6 but playing instead} 18...Kf8 19.Nxh7+ Kg7 20.Nh5+
gxh5 21.Qg3+ Kh6 22.Rxh5+ {etc.} )
19.exf6 {and the meaning of 17. Qc3 shows itself, inasmuch as the Black Queen has
no other choice than to go back to f8} 19...Qf8 20.Qc7 Nd7 21.Nd5 {Black must take
this Knight, otherwise it threatens to go to b6 or e7.} 21...exd5
( {If} 21...Qc5 22.Qxc5 Nxc5 23.Nc7+ Kf8 24.Rd8# {mate would follow.} )
22.Rhe1+ Ne5 23.Rxe5+ Be6 24.Kb1
( {With} 24.Rdxd5 {White could threaten a forced mate at d7. But Black escapes
by} 24...Qh6+ {and castles.} )
24...Rd8 {The only move to protect the Pawn at d5.}
( {There would be no object in} 24...Qb4 {for after} 25.a3 {Black's Queen would
have to go back to f8.} )
25.Rdxd5 Rxd5 26.Rxd5 Bxd5 27.Qc8# 1-0

[Event "?"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "?"]
[Black "?"]
[Result "*"]

1.d4 Nf6 2.Nf3 d6 3.Bf4 Nbd7 4.Nbd2 g6 5.e4 Bg7 6.Bd3 O-O 7.h3 c6
( {Better, as a preparation for e5, would have been} 7...Re8 )
8.O-O Qc7 9.Bh2 {in order not to be forced to exchange it after Black's e5,
but to keep the centre position firm with c3.} 9...e5 10.c3 Nh5 {This attempt
to retain the attack on the King's wing is thwarted by White's depth of play.}
11.a4! {This looks like the beginning of an attack on the Queen's wing, but it
is, as we shall soon see, the commencement of counteraction against 10...
Nh5.} 11...a5 {White threatens to establish the Knight permanently on c4 and
in the long run to exert an intolerable pressure upon the points e5 and d6.}
12.Nc4 b5 13.axb5 cxb5 14.Ne3 {Threatens Bxb5 as well as Nd5.} 14...Nb6 {Black
believes White's attack against his Queen's wing has broken down.} 15.g4 {This
was the point of 11. h4. The Knight was to be conveyed without loss of time
via e3 to g2.} 15...Nf4 16.Bxf4 exf4 17.Ng2 h5! 18.gxh5 Bh6
( {If} 18...Bxh3 {then} 19.Ng5 Bxg2 20.Kxg2 {and White obtains a decisive
attack along the Rook and Knight files.} )
19.Nfh4 Bxh3 20.Qf3 Qc8 {Threatens Bg4. We shall soon see why Black did not
play Qd7. } 21.Nf5 Bxf5 22.exf5 g5 {White has now succeded in reducing Black's
Bishop to the position of a pawn. That disadvantage Black can only get rid of
if he can set his pawns in motion on the King's wing by means of g4. To effect
this he will bring his Knight g6 by way of d7 to f6. With that in view he
moved the Q (on move 20) not to d7 but to c8.} 23.Rfe1 {This is no mere
developing move in the old style, but the necessary introduction to counter
play against Black's plan as above outlined.} 23...Nd7 24.Qd5 Qb8
( {Naturally not} 24...Qc7 {because of } 25.Re7 )
25.f6! {A species of problem combination which White has prepared with both of
his last moves.}
( {White dare not now play to win the pawn with} 25.Qc6 {because the
sequel would be } 25...Rc8 26.Qxd7? Ra7 )
25...Nxf6 26.Qf5 Qd8 {he thought after that to be able to continue with 27...
Kg7 in order to enforce the exchange of Queens by 28... Qc8 or Qd7 maintaining
his preponderance in pawns.}
( {Black certainly dare not play} 26...Kg7 {on account of } 27.Re7 )
27.f3!! Kg7 28.Kf2! Qc8 29.Nh4 {Now see how White's combination was calculated
to a nicety. Black is lost. He dare not take the Knight } 29...gxh4 {because
of }
( {If he exchanges Queens White wins easily with} 29...Qxf5 30.Nxf5+ Kh7
31.Nxd6+ Kg7 32.Nf5+ Kh7 33.Re7 {since Black has no reasonable move.} )
( {If Black moves his Queen from c8} 29...Qc7 30.Rg1 {decides the game.} )
{He does not take the Knight because of} 30.Rg1+ *

[Event "?"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Bogoljubow"]
[Black "Wolf"]
[Result "1-0"]
[FEN "r2q1rk1/pb2bp1p/3p1np1/2pP4/2P5/P1N2P2/3BB1PP/R2Q1RK1 w - - 0 1"]

{The attack f4 is obvious. Shoud White begin with it Black has the sufficient
defence of Bc8. Therefore Bogoljubow played:} 1.Rb1 {ont that account Wolf (in
order to prevent the blockade of his Queen's wing by White's Qa4 after 1...
Bc8) plays} 1...Qd7 {The game proceeded as follows:} 2.f4 Rfb8 3.Bd3 Bc8 4.Qf3
Rxb1 5.Bxb1 Rb8 6.f5 Qd8 7.g4 Rb2 8.Bc1 Rb3 9.g5 Nd7 10.fxg6 fxg6 11.Qf7+ Kh8
12.Bxg6! hxg6 13.Qxg6 Qg8 14.Qh5+ Qh7 15.Qe8+ Nf8 16.Rf7 Qc2 17.Qxe7 Qxc1+
18.Rf1 {and White won.} 1-0

[Event "?"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "?"]
[Black "?"]
[Result "*"]
[FEN "rnbq1rk1/p3bp2/2p1p1p1/1p1nP1P1/2pP1P2/2N5/PP4P1/RBBQ1K1R b - - 2 14"]

14...Bb4 {in order to leave the square e2 free for the Queen. Through that White
would have had time for} 15.Nxd5 cxd5 16.Be3 {and if} 16...Kg7 17.Rh7+ Kxh7 18.Qh5+
Kg7 19.Qh6+ Kg8 20.Bxg6 fxg6 21.Qxg6+ Kh8 22.Ke2 {and White wins.} *

[Event "?"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "?"]
[Black "?"]
[Result "*"]

1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 c6 4.e3 {Compare here the note to move 3 of the following
games.} 4...Nf6 5.Bd3 Bd6 6.f4! {This is obviously better than Nf3. A player in the
habit of playing according to routine would not however have had such ideas.}
6...O-O 7.Nf3 dxc4 {Black intends after 8. Bxc4 with b5 and b4 and Ba6 to bring out
his Queen's Bishop, which usually is locked up in this opening.} 8.Bb1! {A
surprise! Black's Bishop at c8 remains blocked in. White plans an attack against
the Black King's position. In this plan it is essential that he does not play Bc2
but Bb1.} 8...b5 9.e4 Be7 10.Ng5 h6
( 10...g6 {follows} 11.h4 {and h5.} )
11.h4 {Threatens now with 12. e5, Nd5; 13. Qc2, g6; 14. h5 to overturn the castled
position. Compare the note to 8. Bb1.} 11...g6 {The only move that parries this
threat. Simultaneously Black threatens to take the Knight at g5.} 12.e5 hxg5
13.hxg5
( 13.exf6 Bxf6 14.hxg5 Bxd4 {and Black would have the advantage.} )
13...Nd5 {White has sacrificed a piece. How ought he to continue the attack? After
14. Qg4 Black defends himself sufficiently by Kg7 and Rh1.} 14.Kf1 {a problem move
which soon shows itself as directed against the defensive possibility of Kg7.}
14...Nxc3
( 14...Bb4 {see next diagram.} )
15.bxc3 Bb7 16.Qg4 Kg7 17.Rh7+ Kxh7 18.Qh5+ Kg7 19.Qh6+ Kg8 20.Bxg6 fxg6 21.Qxg6+
Kh8 22.Qh6+ Kg8 23.g6 Rf7 24.gxf7+ Kxf7 25.Qh5+ Kg7 26.f5 {Now in a few moves the
apparently blocked Queen's wing comes into action.} 26...exf5 27.Bh6+ {and wins.
After} 27...Kh7 28.Bf4+ Kg7 29.Qh6+ Kg8! 30.Qg6+ Kh8 31.Ke2 Bh4 32.Rh1 {together
with Bg5.} *

[Event "?"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "?"]
[Black "?"]
[Result "*"]

1.d4 Nf6 2.Nd2 d5 3.e3 {Breyer, in close games, likes his Bishops to keep behind
his chain of pawns. Therefore he avoids early exchanges and can prepare undisturbed
for the attack. It is surprising in his games how, when the decisive break through
occurs, the pieces which had appeared shut in, suddenly become alive. One should
compare with regard to this, Tartakower's picture of Breyer's method of play in
Chapter IX of his book.} 3...Bf5 4.c4 c6 5.Ngf3 e6 6.Be2 Bd6 7.c5! Bc7 8.b4 Nbd7
9.Bb2 {White next thwarts Black's e5 and with b5 and Qa4 intends to attack c6 which
is difficult to defend.} 9...Ne4 10.Nxe4 dxe4 {The move that was made at least
looks very good. The Knight at d7 is to be brought to d5; besides White dare not
castle on the King's side without exposing himself to an overwhelming attack.
Breyer by the following play takes advantage of the unfavourable position of the
Bishop at f5 in a manner as beautiful as it is original.}
( {After} 10...Bxe4 {White continues his plan with} 11.b5 )
11.Nd2 Nf6 12.g4 Bg6 13.h4 h5 14.gxh5! Nxh5
( {If the Bishop takes,} 14...Bxh5 {the Pawn at e4 is lost.} )
15.Qc2 Nf6
( {After} 15...f5 {White would get on to the Knight file with advantage.} )
16.O-O-O Bf5 {in order to continue with Ng4.} 17.Rdg1 Kf8 18.h5! a5
( {If in preparation for this move} 18...b5 {is played, White} 19.cxb6 {moves
the King to b1 and attacks further the weak pawn at c6 with a Rook at c1.} )
19.b5 {A pawn sacrifice of deep calculation after the acceptance of which White
forces a win in brilliant style.} 19...cxb5 20.Bxb5 Rxh5 21.d5 Rxh1 22.Rxh1 Kg8
23.d6 Bb8 24.Nc4 Ba7 25.Bd4 Rc8 26.f4!! Bxc5
( {If} 26...exf3 27.Qh2 Nh7 28.Qg3 Bg6 29.Qe5 {etc.} )
27.d7! Nxd7 28.Qh2 f6 29.Bxc5 Nxc5 30.Qh8+ Kf7 31.Be8+ {wins the Queen and the
game.} *

[Event "?"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Breyer"]
[Black "Rèti"]
[Result "0-1"]

1.d4 d5 2.e3 Nf6 3.Nd2 Bf5 4.c4 c6 5.cxd5 cxd5 6.Bb5+ {By that White wants
later on to force Black's a6 and b5 so as to weaken Black's Queen's wing and
establish himself on the resulting weak points a5 and c5. Compare both the
following notes.} 6...Nbd7 7.Ngf3 a6 8.Ba4 e6 9.Qe2 h6 10.Ne5 b5 11.Nxd7 Nxd7
12.Bd1 {The square b3 White reserves for his Knight which is to be brought to
c5.} 12...Bd6 13.O-O O-O 14.Nb3 Qc7 15.f4 {Apparently White has been
successful in the execution of his plans and will be able by means of Bd2
coupled with Ba5 and Rc1 to cripple Black's game.} 15...a5! {But this pawn
sacrifice gives the game an entirely changed aspect. The White pieces were in
a favourable position for carrying out the plan, which, however, by the pawn
sacrifice is now thwarted.} 16.Qxb5 a4 17.Nd2 Rfb8 18.Qe2 Nf6 19.Nf3 Ne4
20.Nh4 {White is closed in and hopes, after Black's Bishop in h7 , to create
himself a little freedom by means of f5.} 20...Nc3! 21.bxc3 {After the
acceptance of the sacrifice White is lost, yet in any case Black would have
got the advantage.} 21...Qxc3 22.Nxf5 exf5 23.Bc2 Qxa1 24.Ba3 Qxa2 25.Bxd6 Rb2
26.Rc1 a3 {White resigns. There is threatened 27...Rxc2; 28. Rxc2, Qxc2! as
well as 27... Ra4 together with Rc4.} 0-1

[Event "?"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Bogoljubow, Reti, Spielmann"]
[Black "Englund, Jacobson, Nyholm and Olson"]
[Result "1-0"]

1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Qf3 {The Breyer Gambit. The idea in the King's Gambit consists
mainly of an attack through the f file: therefore Breyer wishes to avoid the most
usual move Nf6 which blocks that file.} 3...d5 4.exd5 Nf6 5.Nc3 Bd6 6.Bb5+ Nbd7
7.d4 O-O 8.Nge2 Nb6 9.O-O Bg4 10.Qf2 Nbxd5 11.Nxd5 Nxd5 12.Nxf4 c6 13.Bc4
( 13.Nxd5 {seemed more likely. The text move, however, corresponds with the
intention of the King's Gambit - i.e., attack upon f7.} )
13...Bc7 14.h3 Bxf4 15.Bxf4 Nxf4 16.Qxf4 Bh5 17.Rae1 Qd7 18.Re5 Bg6 19.h4! {The
commencement of the decisive attack on f7. The Bishop at g6 must be forced away
from the defence.} 19...Bxc2
( {The other possibility was} 19...Rae8 20.h5 Bxc2
( {or} 20...Rxe5 21.dxe5 Bxh5 22.e6 Qe7 23.Qe4 {etc.} )
21.Qxf7+ Rxf7 22.Rxf7 Qxd4+ 23.Rf2+ Qxc4 24.Rxe8# )
20.Qe3 Rad8
 ( {After} 20...Rae8 {follows} 21.Rxf7 Rxf7 22.Rxe8+ )
21.Rxf7! Rxf7 22.Re7 Qc8 23.Rxf7 Kh8 24.Rxg7 {Black resigns because after}
24...Kxg7 {White, with} 25.Qe7+ {forces mate in two moves.} *

[Event "?"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "?"]
[Black "?"]
[Result "*"]

1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Be7 5.e5 Nfd7 6.h4 {The Alekhin variation - see §
29 and 36.} 6...O-O {Maroczi, a great master of the old school, intends to oppose
the new ideas with simple development.} 7.Bd3 c5 8.Qh5 g6 9.Qh6 Re8 {In order to
take the Knight to f8 for the defence of h7 after Nf8.}
( {If} 9...cxd4 10.Nf3 dxc3 11.h5 {would follow.} )
10.Nf3 Nc6 11.h5 Nf8 12.Bxe7 Qxe7 13.Ng5 cxd4 14.Nxh7! Nxe5
( {It goes without saying that} 14...Nxh7 {is bad because of} 15.hxg6 )
15.hxg6 Nexg6 16.Bxg6 Nxg6 17.g4! {The end! Black has no defence against the threat
of g5 followed by Nf6+.} 17...dxc3 18.O-O-O {resigns.}
( 18.g5 {would have been bad because of} 18...cxb2 {and after that Qb4 and then
perpetual check.} )
*

[Event ""]
[Site ""]
[Date "1921.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Lasker, Emanuel"]
[Black "Capablanca, Jose"]
[Result "0-1"]
[FEN "2r2rk1/pp2bpp1/4pn1p/qb1nN3/3P3B/1BN5/PPQ2PPP/3RR1K1 w - - 9 17"]

0-1

[Event ""]
[Site ""]
[Date "1921.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Lasker, Emanuel"]
[Black "Capablanca, Jose"]
[Result "0-1"]
[FEN "2r2rk1/pp2bpp1/4pn1p/qb1nN3/3P3B/1BN5/PPQ2PPP/3RR1K1 w - - 9 17"]

17.Bxd5
( 17.Bxf6 Bxf6
( {If} 17...Nxf6 18.Ng6 Rfe8 19.Rxe6 fxe6 20.Bxe6+ Kh7 21.Nf8+ Kh8 22.Qh7+!
Nxh7 23.Ng6# )
18.Bxd5 exd5 19.Ng4 Bg5!
( {If} 19...Bd8 {there follows} 20.Qf5 )
20.f4 Bxf4 21.Qf5 Bc7 22.Nxd5
( {After other Bishop's moves then follows} 22.Qxd5 a6 23.a4 )
22...Kh8 23.Nxh6 gxh6 24.Nf6 Kg7 25.Nh5+ {and mate in two moves.} )
17...Nxd5 18.Bxe7 Nxe7 19.Qb3 Bc6 20.Nxc6 bxc6 21.Re5 Qb6 22.Qc2 Rfd8 23.Ne2 Rd5
24.Rxd5 cxd5 25.Qd2 Nf5 26.b3 h5 27.h3 h4 28.Qd3 Rc6 29.Kf1 g6 30.Qb1 Qb4 31.Kg1 a5
32.Qb2 a4 33.Qd2 Qxd2 34.Rxd2 axb3 35.axb3 Rb6 36.Rd3 Ra6 37.g4 hxg3 38.fxg3 Ra2
39.Nc3 Rc2 40.Nd1 Ne7 41.Nc3 Rc1+ 42.Kf2 Nc6 43.Nd1 Rb1 44.Ke2 Rxb3 45.Ke3 Rb4
46.Nc3 Ne7 47.Ne2 Nf5+ 48.Kf2 g5 49.g4 Nd6 50.Ng1 Ne4+ 51.Kf1 Rb1+ 52.Kg2 Rb2+
53.Kf1 Rf2+ 54.Ke1 Ra2 55.Kf1 Kg7 56.Re3 Kg6 57.Rd3 f6 58.Re3 Kf7 59.Rd3 Ke7 60.Re3
Kd6 61.Rd3 Rf2+ 62.Ke1 Rg2 63.Kf1 Ra2 64.Re3 e5 65.Rd3 exd4 66.Rxd4 Kc5 67.Rd1 d4
68.Rc1+ Kd5 0-1

[Event "?"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Tartakower"]
[Black "Spielmann"]
[Result "1-0"]

1.d4 d5 2.Bf4 Nf6 3.e3 e6 4.Nf3 Bd6 5.Bg3 Nbd7 6.Bd3 Bxg3 7.hxg3 Qe7 8.Nc3 a6 9.Qe2
c5 10.dxc5 e5 11.Bf5 Nxc5 12.Bxc8 Rxc8 13.O-O-O Qe6 14.Ng5! Qc6 {Now occurs a
decisive Queen manoeuvre typical of the modern style.}
( {If} 14...Qf5 {then} 15.f4 {and g4.} )
15.Qf3 Ne6 16.Qf5 d4 17.exd4 exd4 18.Rde1!
( {Not} 18.Rhe1 {on account of} 18...O-O )
18...Ke7 19.Rxe6+ fxe6 20.Re1 Kf8 21.Rxe6 dxc3
( {If} 21...Qc5 {then} 22.Rxf6+ gxf6 23.Qxf6+ Kg8 24.Ne6 {settles it.} )
22.Rxc6 cxb2+ 23.Kb1 Rxc6 24.Qe5 b6 25.Qb8+ Ne8 26.Qb7 Rf6 27.Qd7 h5 28.f4
Rhh6 29.f5 {and wins.} 1-0