CHAPTER IV

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

A. The Description of MAN 1 Lampung Utara

MAN 1 Lampung Utara is located on Jl. Perintis No.11, Candimas, South

Abung, North Lampung.

1. The Brief Story of MAN 1 Lampung Utara

MAN (Madrasah Aliyah Negeri) 1 Lampung Utara was founded in 1979.

The school is under the patronage of The Indonesian Ministry of Religion.

2. Circumstance and Education Facilities

MAN 1 Lampung Utara has a permanent building and in well condition.

The details can be seen in the table below:

Table 6
Facilities and Infrastructures of MAN 1 Lampung Utara 2018
No The Name of Room Amount Condition
1 School Unit 7 Well
2 Class Room 24 Well
3 Staffs and Teachers Room 2 Well
4 Office Room 1 Well
5 Library 1 Well
6 UKS Room 1 Well
7 Hall Room 1 Well
8 Mosque 1 Well
9 Computer Lab. 1 Well
10 Language Lab. 1 Well
11 Science Lab. 1 Well
12 Security Room 1 Well
13 Conseling Room 1 Well
14 Toilet 7 Well
15 Multipurpose Field 1 Well
16 Parking Area 2 Well
(Source: Documentation of MAN 1 Lampung Utara)

3. Situation of The Teachers and Staffs MAN 1 Lampung Utara

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The situation of MAN 1 Lampung Utara’s students in academic year of

2018/2019 have 813 students, while the teachers and staffs have 73 persons,

they are

Table 7
The Data of Teachers and Staffs in MAN 1 Lampung Utara
Academic Year 2018/2019
No Position Amount
1 The Headmaster 1
2 The Co-Headmaster 4
3 The Teachers 54
4 The Administration Staffs 10
5 Cleaning Service 4
6 Security 4
(Source: Document of MAN 1 Lampung Utara)

From the table above, it can be told that the teachers and staffs in MAN 1

Lampung Utara were adequate when compared to the amount number of

students that are supported with well facilities and classrooms. It means able

to carried out the learning process to gain the goal of MAN 1 Lampung

Utara based on the curriculum.

B. Result of the Research

The main instrument of this research was documentation, the writer asked

the students to make five sentences Past Perfect Tense two times, they have

been studying the material before. In collecting the data, the writer identified

350 sentences from thirty five students in X MIA 2 of MAN 1 Lampung Utara.

Then, after checking the students’ sentences, the writer discovered that there

are 260 errors items.

C. Types of Students Errors in Writing Past Perfect Tense Sentences

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Following data is several samples of students errors in writing past perfect

tense sentences based on Surface Strategy Taxonomy. The types of students’

errors can be opened in the appendix 3.

1. The Data of Students’ Ommision Errors

Ommision errors are marked by the absenteeism of items that should

appear in correct sentence arrangement. In this research, the writer as a

researcher discovered 61 items of errors. The following data shows several

samples of errors consisted by the students. Therefore, the whole of data

ommision can be opened in the appendix 4.

Table 8
Several Samples of Students’ Ommision Errors
No Students’ Errors Explanations Corrections
1 Had you come in Ommision of “article” Had you come to the
restaurant? restaurant?
2 We had drunk tea ... Ommision of “article” We had drunk a cup
of tea
3 I had breakfast ... Ommision of “past I had eaten breakfast
participle”
4 I had leanerd to school Ommision of I had learned in
when the taxy. “modifier” school when the taxy
came to my house.
5 I had been too hungry .... Ommision of “past I had felt too hungry
participle”
6 I had go stadium football Ommision of I had gone to
... “preposition” football stadium
7 I had play rohis before Ommision of “subject I had played rohis
balik school. and preposition” before I back from
school.
8 Had you a breakfast? Ommision of “past Had you eaten a
participle” breakfast?
9 Had reading books? Ommision of Had you read books?
“subject”
10 We had breakfast .... Ommision of “past We had eaten
participle” breakfast

2. The Data of Students’ Addition Errors

 39

Addition errors are attendance of an item which must not appear in a

correct sentence arrangement. In this research, the students added non-

essential item in the sentence of the documentation and there were 71 items

of addition errors. The following data presents several samples of errors

when students use past perfect tense. Therefore, the whole of data addition

errors can be opened in appendix 4.

Several Samples of Students’ Addition Errors
No Students’ Errors
1 I had jogging ....
2 Had you a before
cooking?
3 I had not learned reading
Al-Qur’an ....
4 Had you reading books?
5 I had learned reading Al-
Qur’an ....
6 I had breakfast befor I
had to do school
7 I am had ....
8 I had been ...
9 I had learned study ...
10 Had reading books?
Table 9
Explanations Corrections
Addition of “-ing”, it I had jogged ...
should be removed
Addition of “-ing”, it Had you
should be removed cooked....?
Addition of “-ing”, it I had not learned
should be removed Al-Qur’an ....
Addition of “-ing”, it Had you read
should be removed books?
Addition of “-ing”, it I had learned Al-
should be removed Qur’an ....
Addition of “had and I had eaten
do”, it should be breakfast before I
removed went to school.
Addition of “to be”, it I had...
should be removed
Addition of “been”, it I had
should be removed
Addition of “verb”, it I had learned ...
should be removed
Addition of “-ing”, it Had you read
should be removed books?

3. The Data of Students’ Misformation Errors

Misformation is incorrectly using morphemes or structure. In this

research, the students did misformation errors in using past perfect tense. It

had discovered there were 111 items of misformation errors, open appendix
 40

4 for the whole data of misformation errors. Here is the several samples of

the misformation errors when the students making past perfect tense

sentences.

Table 10
Several Samples of Students’ Misformation Errors
No Students’ Errors Explanations Corrections
1 Had you come in ...? The word “in” Had you come to ...?
should be replaced to
be “to”
2 Had you drunk a The word “jus” Had you drunk a juice?
jus? should be replaced to
be “juice”
3 I had quit in my The word “in” I had quit from my home
home. should be replaced to
be “from”
4 I had shop .... The word “V1” I had shopped ...
should be replaced to
be “V3”
5 I had cleaned the The word “badroom I had cleaned the bedroom
badroom befor ..... befor” should be before ....
replaced to be
“bedroom before”
6 I had learned The word I had learned math....
matchmatic .. “matchmatic” should
be replaced to be
“math”
7 I had not learned The word I had not learned math.....
matchmatic ..... “matchmatic” should
be replaced to be
“math”
8 I had breakfast befor The word “befor” I had eaten breakfast
I had .... should be replaced to before I went....
be “before”
9 I had leanerd to The word “leanerd I had learned in school
school when they to, they” should be when the taxy
taxy. replaced to be
“learned to, the”
10 I am had very happy The word “leanerd” I had learned to make you
leanerd for you should be replaced to happy.
be “learned”

4. The Data of Students’ Misordering Errors

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Misplaced of a morpheme in an utterance called misordering. In this

research, the students did misorder in their sentences. It had discovered were

17 items of misordering errors. Below were several samples of errors in

making past perfect tense sentences.

Table 11
Several Samples of Students’ Misordering Errors
No Students’ Errors Explanations Corrections
1 I had rewritten the book Incorrect placement, the I had rewritten
English. word “book” should be the English book.
placed after “english”
2 I had put the book Incorrect placement, the I had put the
English. word “book” should be English book.
placed after “english”
3 Had you a before Incorrect placement of Had you cooked
cooking? past perfect tense before?
introgative form.
4 I am had very happy Incorrect placement of I had learned to
leanerd for you past perfect tense positive make you happy.
form.
5 I had not turnet the of TV Incorrect placement, the I had not turned
before sleep word “the” should be off the TV before
placed after “off” sleep
6 I had go stadium football Incorrect placement, the I had gone to
.. word “stadium” should be football stadium
placed after “football” ...
7 They had drunk avocado Incorrect placement, the They had drunk
juice mother make word “mother cake” avocado juice
should be placed “made made by mother
by mother”
8 Had eaten hani? Incorrect placement of Had hani eaten?
past perfect tense
introgative form.
9 Wina had eaten ana Incorrect placement, the Wina had eaten
before home work word “ana” should be before ana did
placed after “before” home work
10 I had do not .... Incorrect placement of I had not done...
past perfect tense
negative form.

Table 12
The Classification of The Errors Commited by Each Students
Sample Number of Kind of Students’ Sentences Errors Ʃ Errors
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Students O A MF MD
S1 1 - 3 2 6
S2 1 1 2 - 4
S3 - 4 2 1 7
S4 5 3 6 3 17
S5 2 2 4 - 8
S6 - 8 5 - 13
S7 2 - 1 - 3
S8 1 1 5 - 7
S9 4 - 2 - 6
S10 4 - - 1 5
S11 3 - 1 2 6
S12 4 5 6 - 15
S13 2 - 8 2 12
S14 4 2 3 - 9
S15 - 1 2 - 3
S16 1 - 5 - 6
S17 2 1 5 - 8
S18 1 3 2 - 6
S19 1 7 7 - 15
S20 2 5 3 - 10
S21 2 6 2 - 10
S22 - - - - 0
S23 2 3 3 - 8
S24 3 2 5 1 11
S25 3 4 4 1 12
S26 2 2 3 - 7
S27 - 5 2 - 7
S28 2 1 3 - 6
S29 - 2 3 1 6
S30 - - 3 1 4
S31 1 - 3 1 5
S32 1 - 1 - 2
S33 4 1 - 1 6
S34 1 2 5 - 8
S35 - - 2 - 2
Ʃ Errors 61 71 111 17 260
(Source: Data Analysis)

Explanation:

O : Ommision Errors

A : Addition Errors
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MF : Misformation Errors

MD : Misordering Erros

D. The Percentage of Students’ Errors in Writing Past Perfect Tense

Sentences

Subsequent to collecting the data of past perfect tense sentences made by

students, the writer inspected 10 sentences from each students by using Surface

Strategy Taxonomy. They are: ommision, addition, misformation, and

misordering. Then the writer clasified kind of errors and specified the

frequency of them. To enumerate the errors’ percentage, the writer applied the

following formula:

F
P= × 100%
N

P = percentage

F = frequency

N = number of sample which is observed.1

(see appendix 5).

Based on the analysis, the amount number of errors are 260 items. They

were 61 items errors of ommision, 71 items errors of addition, 111 items errors

of misformation, and 17 items errors of misordering. From the data, the writer

enumerate the errors’ percentage. The result of this analysis showed that

misformation as the highest errors’ percentage (42,69 %). Misordering as the

lowest errors’ percentage (6,54 %), while the other kind of errors were

1
Anas Sujiono, Pengantar Statistic Pendidikan (Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada,2006),
p.43.
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ommision (23,46 %), and addition (27,30 %). For more details see the table

below:

Table 13
The Percentage of Students Errors
Kinds of Errors Frequency Percentage
Ommision 61 23,46 %
Addition 71 27,30 %
Misformation 111 42,69 %
Misordering 17 6,54 %
Total 260 100 %
(Source: Data Analysis)

E. Discussion

After the students’ data collected, the writer got kind of errors from their

sentences based on Surface Strategy Taxonomy, they are ommision, addition,

misformation, and misordering. Then identifying and classifying the kind of

errors, in the end proportions (frequency and percentage) were applied.

Build upon from the research above, the writer discovered that

misformation with 42,69 % as the highest errors’ frequency made by students,

meantime misordering as the lowest with 6,54 %. Then the other kind of errors

are ommision (23,46 %), and addition (27,30 %).

1. Misformation

Hereinafter, in this research, lots of errors in the form of misformation

had made by students. As we know that misformation is incorrectly using

morphemes or structure. In this research, the students did misformation

errors in using past perfect tense. The students still confused and have

difficulties in writing past perfect tense because in this kind using past

participle and seldom used by the students. For examples:

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a. I had shop to the market this morning.

This sentence is an error of misselection of morphology in regular

verb. The past participle of “shop” should be “shopped”.

b. I had make a bag for you.

This sentence is an error of misselection of morphology in irregular

verb. The past participle of “make” should be made”.

2. Addition

Addition errors are attendance of an item which must not appear in a

correct sentence arrangement. In this case, the students made 71 addition

errors in their sentences. They add some items that should be no appear.

Examples:

a. I had learned study English.

“study” is addition error in verb. Verb “study” should be ommited.

b. My mother had cooking fried rice.

They add “-ing” in verb is classification as addition error. Verb

“cooking” should be ommited the “-ing” and changed to be past

participle “cooked”.

3. Ommision

In this case, the students made errors 61 or 23,46 %. The students did

such errors because they forget to put some items in a form of past perfect

tense. For examples:

a. had you breakfast?

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It is ommision the past participle of introgative form of past perfect

tense. They should put past participle before word “breakfast” it becomes

“had you eaten breakfast?”

b. I had gone market.

They ommited preposition before word “market”. They should put

preposition and it becomes “I had gone to market.”

4. Misordering

The writer found 17 items of misordering. As we know that misplaced of

a morpheme in an utterance called misordering. Following examples below:

a. I had put the book English

Incorrect placement, the word “book” should be placed after

“english”. and it becomes “I had put the English book.”

b. I had done not when the teacher gone

Incorrect placement of past perfect tense negative form. Past participle

should put after word “not” and the sentence becomes “I had not done

when the teacher gone”.