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solderlng th6parts.Referto"Sol- Intlallly, slotot photo-interruptor lCsusedhere

dorlngInstructlons"sectlon. nodule beingclaartherewon'tbe TheonlylC usedhereislimer555
' NotlOsbut thalrsocketsarsto mykindofsoundlromthesPeqker.
lC. lts explanatiohis as follows:
be solderedon PCB. Thls is to ' ForTestingpurposemanually 'TimerlC555:
makemounting anddlsmounting of dosethesloropenlng by ineerting This8 pinlC isapopularandcom.
lCseasywhiletroubleshootlng. ome pieceol paperor woodin monlyusedlC. lt basically oper.
' Startfrom left rnostcofnerof between thegap.A louclsoundwill atssin tworodes as monostable
PCBand solderthe componentsbeheardin thiscuse. andastable.
oneby oneon theircorrsct posi- ' See wheatercircuitautomati-
tlonon PCB. callyresetsor notatter remo'iing In monostable operation it gener-
' Beforesolderingany compo- theInsertedobstruction.Alarm alesoutputpulseol duration'Tm'
nentsbethatyouhaveplacedit at should turn OFF automaticallyasdifinodbyformula
lls rightposition
andwlth correct when slotis clearod again. Tm; 1.1x R x C (second)
polarlty.Givedue attentionto di- * Now,set thedesiredIntensity whereR isresistance inohmsand
odesandelectrolytic as at whichyou wantdetoctlonof C.iscaoacitance
capacitors inlarads.
lheyarepolarity depedant. smoke.This can be done"by In astableoper.ation, ths llmepe.
' Dothesoldering of othercom. changing valueol pre- riodforONportion
theresistive of outputpulse
ponentsin the sameway while setVR!. Rotatingit in clockwise is
keepingin mindthatcomponentsmanner increases resistane whlch Ton= 0.693x(B 1+R2)xC(sec)
withlongandsensitiveleadslike in turnreducesdersired in tensity And,OFFportion ofbutputpulseis
capacitorsand transistorsare valuewhileanti-clockwise rotation ol duration,
rolderedlast. resultsin opposite eflect. Totf=0.693xR2xC(sec)
Tf.tlne th6 Klt ' Install theunitat celllngof room whereR1andR2arereslstancs in
' Afteracsombling andsoldering afterfixlnglt Inbomo onclosure ohmsandC lscapacitance in far-
of componentson PCB, connect witha provision ol allowlng entryol aos.
sritemalDC oowersourceof 9 to smoke insideit.
12V. .+ PARTSLIST
Semiconductors
r NEs55 8 tc1 p i555
' 8NE n
+VE(/NODE)
- Base
2 r.cND 7
2. TRIOGER Resistor(all1/4watt+l-5o/o
car-
3 . OUTPUT
3 .. RESET bon unlessstatedothen/is6)
6
5 . CONTROLVOUrACE R1 - 470ohm
6. THRSSHOLD
. ?. Dtsct{ARGE .r R2 - .7Kilo-ohm
4 8-VCC
Rg 1 Kilo-ohm
R4 47Kilo-ohm
+9VT012V
VR1 1 Kilo-ohm
Capacitor
c1 0.04ufCeramic
c2 0.01ufCeramic
c3 100uf/25VEle
Miscellaneous.
module
Photointeirrupter
MOC7811
$peakorI ohm,0.5 watl
9v - batterysnaper
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module,the light
The smoke alarmcircuit Pre' gapof photointerruplermodultis photointerrupter
hereis basedon the readilY clear and the lightfrr,,mLED fllls beam f rorn ledto the phototransistor
sented
availablephoton-coupled interruter on the photc-tfansistorthroughhe is obstructed, As, a result,the
moduleandtimerlC NE 555. The slot. As a result,ther collectotof phototransistor stops conducting
photo interruptermodulels useo phototransistor is pulledtowa(ds ans pin 4 (reset) ol lC 555goeshigh
os thesmokedetector. whiletimer ground. This causes resetPin 4 of to activate the alarm'
555 is wiredin astableconfigura- lC 555to go low. A{ .,i)rdlngly, lhs
tionas an AF osclllatorfor souncl' timerls resetandh€rtcelhe alarm Note ;- The unit mu'stbe housed
ingalarmviaa loudsPeaker. does not sound. However, when insidean enclosurewith holeslo
smokeis pres€nt in the gap olthe allowentryol imoke'
In the absenceol anY smoks' tha

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Appllcatlonof thec!rcult bulkytransformer. Slightmodifica-squarewaveoutputat its PinniJ3.

Mosto{thesm<lke alarmsavailabletionin circuit enallles variationot The lrequencYof thiswavesho0ld'
in marketuseoneor anothsr its frequency response be in the rangeol 20-20KHzan6 is
kindof smokesensor which in' deoendentuponthevaluesol resis'
creasesrhecostandalsorequire ixplalned worklng of clrcult torsR3, R4,andcaPacitor C1' For
intertactngcircuitry The basic idea behincl opera'
circuit th values shown in the circuitit is
complicatecl
uroundit, But thissmoke alarm tion is to turn ON the alarm in oase about 380H2 Capacitor C3 eflec-
circuitusesreadilyavailabrepho' of densesmoke. A smokedetsc' tlvelypass€sthe oulputfromlC to
interruptermrrduleas tor workingin tandemwithoscil- loudspeakerwhich then con'
ton-coupled
The of
functioning lator is needed tor this Purpos6' verts signals
electricals to souncl"
smokedetector.
thissmokealarmistocontinuouslyHere,photon-couPled inienuPter CapacitorC2 connectbdat Pinno'2
ol
detecl smoke and aiiiomatical!'Y..noduleworksas i;nokg Celector providesimmunitYfrcmanYking
activatethe alarmincaseof dense whileNE 555timerworkingas os' falsetriggering'
s m o k e . L o u d s o u n di s h e a r d cillatorgoneralesloudalarmsound.
continously indicating the-presence ResrstorR'l and PresetVRI Pro- How to build
' givenmanual
of smoketill smokecloars.After videcurrentpathto iightup internal FlrEtof all readthe
re' LED in norrnal condition, internal thoroughlY and studY ths circuit
this,the circuitis arltomatically
of,smoke LED of photo-interrupter amits pho' given in f igure, Also have a lookat
set tor furtherdstectlon
providedit is kePtinPowerON con- tonswhichcontinucusly keep inter' FCB a n d ' c o m p o n e n s
t uPPlied
dition. nal phototransistor in saturation aiong with the kit' Each compo'
regionowingwhichitscollector and nent has to b€' solder€din ils
Why this partlcularclrcuit Resetinput (Pinno.4)of lC1 are oositionon PCB'
Photo interrupter module used here pulledtowardsground'As resetpin I ldenficatibnof resistorsis done
lowit by colorcoding The'colorbandon
as smoke detectorcosistsof an ol lC1 NE 555timeiis active
phototransistor. In continuously reset the timer and il each resistorcorrespondsto its
internalLEDand
the LED doesn'tproduceanY kind ot outPut exactvalue.
normalohototransistors ' There are.dillerent
baseblas' in sucha situalicrn' methodsin
ON conditionProvioed
in lorm of light .Now consider ths ,"iecond sce' which values are dolinod on capacl'
ingto phototransisbr
r o o n l i s t i l l e db Y usually values arespeci'
whichhelpsin chngingot itsstate n a r i o ,w h e n a tors. But
smoke, slot ol plroto-interruptor tied nurnericallY on them. Re{er"
lronncul-otfto sabratlon.Butthts
Inerrupter module getsengultedin rrcnoke whichob' B a s i c E i e c t r o n i c s " s e c t i o no f
photon-coupled
t raYS lrom manual for detaiis oi re'istor ano
is slightlydifterent as provisionof struct$the Path iight
L E D t o c h o t o t r a n s r s l o rcapacitor rdcntrf ication rnethods
windcwgaPis alslProvidedhere'
i n i n e n s i toYf s m o k e Phototransistor's
T h ev a n a t l o n base beingFe- ' Uan You nrak€out the whole
Based caus€)s it to cut'otland workingol circuitandareYouable
atwhichitsdetecbnis wantedcan verse
The as a resull its colloctor and Fleset t o t d e n t i l Y e a c h c o m P o n e n t
easilybe done uing Preset'
nrmallY over a DC pin oi lC1 are helcl hrghvia resislor separetel}/as to Whereeach ot
circuitoperates
voltagerangeol 9o 12Vwhichcan R2. Thus ResetconditionotTrmer therhhasto be Placed?
bYsrnoke. lC1 work' ' lt, yes onlythenProcced fur'
b e o b t a i n e db Y r n o D C s u P P l Y is disabled
n n Y n e e d o f ingherein astable
s o u r c ee l i m i n a t o a
mode generated t h e r t o a c t u a l l ym o u n t i n ga n d