ESE-2017 : Prelims Exam MECHANICAL

UPSC Engineering Services Examination ENGINEERING

Test 1: Part Syllabus Technical
Answer Key & Solutions
Thermodynamics

1. (d) 16. (c) 31. (d) 46. (c) 61. (b)

2. (a) 17. (b) 32. (c) 47. (d) 62. (c)

3. (a) 18. (c) 33. (a) 48. (b) 63. (d)

4. (b) 19. (b) 34. (b) 49. (c) 64. (c)

5. (c) 20. (c) 35. (*) 50. (a) 65. (b)

6. (d) 21. (b) 36. (d) 51. (b) 66. (a)

7. (d) 22. (d) 37. (b) 52. (d) 67. (c)

8. (c) 23. (a) 38. (b) 53. (b) 68. (a)

9. (c) 24. (a) 39. (a) 54. (a) 69. (a)

10. (a) 25. (c) 40. (b) 55. (c) 70. (d)

11. (b) 26. (a) 41. (c) 56. (c) 71. (a)

12. (c) 27. (c) 42. (d) 57. (d) 72. (a)

13. (d) 28. (b) 43. (b) 58. (c) 73. (a)

14. (c) 29. (b) 44. (d) 59. (c) 74. (d)

15. (c) 30. (a) 45. (a) 60. (c) 75. (b)
12 ESE 2017 Prelims Exam • Offline Test Series

DETAILED EXPLANATIONS

1. (d)
All statements are correct.

3. (a)
It was difficult to get pure ice and air saturated water mixture, because when ice melts it surrounds
itself with water only.

4. (b)

150 − 250 100 − 0

=
N − 250 C−0

150°N 100°C

N C

250°N 0°C

at C = 50°C
⇒ N = – 50 + 250
or N = 200°N

5. (c)
As for ideal gas, pV = mRT
At constant volume, p ∝ T
p1 T1
⇒ =
p2 T2

p1 (127 + 273)K
⇒ =
4p1 T2
⇒ T2 = 1600 K = 1327°C

6. (d)
As internal energy is a point function,
So,
ΔU1 = ΔU2 = ΔU3
and work transfer will be area under the path follows, so W1 > W2 > W3
Because δ Q = δW + dU
So, Q1 > Q2 > Q3

7. (d)
As internal energy is a property and for any cyclic process, change in property is zero.

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 Mechanical Engineering | Test 1 : Thermodynamics 13

8. (c)
The ideal gas has no energetic interaction between different molecules and also has zero volume for
each molecules. Therefore when we mix two ideal gases, the molecules still do not interact and no
volume is taken by individual molecule.

10. (a)
Molecular weight and hardness are intensive properties.

11. (b)
p

p2
Adiabatic
1.1
pV = Constant
Isothermal
p1

V
In case of compression, isothermal compression will have minimum work followed by polytropic work
and maximum work will be required in adiabatic compression.

12. (c)
W 1 – 2 = p1 × (V2 – V1)
p

1 2
5 bar

3 bar 3

0.5 m3 1 m3 2 m3 V

= 500(1 – 0.5)
W1 – 2 = 250 kJ
(p2 + p3 ) × (500 + 300) × (1)
W2 – 3 =
2
(V3 − V2 ) =
2
W2 – 3 = 400 kJ
⇒ W 1 – 3 = 250 + 400 = 650 kJ

13. (d)
As for ideal gas
p1V1 p2V2
= T
T1 2

1 × 0.5 4 × 0.05
⇒ =
( 273 + 27 ) T2
⇒ T2 = 120 K = – 153°C

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14 ESE 2017 Prelims Exam • Offline Test Series

14. (c)
From fist law of thermodynamics for a cycle

∫W = ∫Q
⇒ W12 + W23 + W34 + W41 = Q12 + Q23 + Q34 + Q41
⇒ 30 – 10 + 45 + W41 = 180 – 25 – 180 + 90
⇒ W 41 = 0

16. (c)
For isothermal process undergone by an ideal gas, change in internal energy is zero.
δQ = δW
⇒ δ W = 50 kJ

17. (b)
Throttling is highly irreversible process. It is an constant enthalpy process accompanied by increase in
entropy.

18. (c)
p

Isothermal process

Actual process

V
End state temperatures will be constant but intermediate temperature will be less.

19. (b) 1800 K

Work = 50 kW
60 kW

60 Q E W
⇒ =
1800 300
Q
⇒ Q = 10 kW
⇒ Work = 60 – 10 = 50 kW 300 K
20. (c)
For reversible engine

1000 K
δQ 200 QR
∫ T = 1000 = 500 200 kW
⇒ QR = 100 kJ/s
E W
T
η = 1− L QR
TH
500 500 K
= 1− = 0.50 = 50%
100

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 Mechanical Engineering | Test 1 : Thermodynamics 15

21. (b)

TH1 TS

1 kW
0.3 kW
E R

QR

TL1 TR

As for heat engine

Work = Q in × η
= 1 × 0.30 = 0.30 kW
Refrigeration effect = COP × work input = 5 × 0.3
R.E. = 1.5 kW = desired effect

22. (d)
Optical pyrometer is a device which is used for non contact high temperature measurements. Ex.
temperature of sun.

23. (a)
Reversible, irreversible and impossible cycles may be distinguished by Clausius theorem.

24. (a)
Change in entropy of system (mass) (ΔS )sys = 100(S2 – S1)
ΔSsys = 100(0.35 – 0.30) = 5 kJ/K
(ΔS )surrounding = 75 – 80 = – 5 kJ/K

⇒ ΔS univ. = 5 kJ/K + (– 5 kJ/K) = 0

Process is reversible.

25. (c)
Consider battery as the system.
Discharging process;
Q1–2 = – 1020 kJ; W2 = 0
Charging process;
W 2–1 = – 0.7 kWh
Applying first law to the complete cycle,
Qnet = Wnet
Q2 – 1 – 1020 = – 0.7 × 3600
⇒ Q2 – 1 = – 1500 kJ

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16 ESE 2017 Prelims Exam • Offline Test Series

26. (a)
V1 = 20 m/s
V2 = 200 m/s
Steady flow energy equations,
V12 V2
h1 + = h2 + 2
2 2
V22 − V12
h1 – h2 =
2
(200) 2 − (20)2
cp (T1 – T2) =
2
40000 − 400
1000 (T1 – T2) = = 19800
2
or T1 – T2 = 19. 8°
19.8°
8°CC

27. (c)
As dh = Tds + Vdp
⎛ dh ⎞
at constant pressure ⎜⎝ ds ⎟⎠ = T
p

⎛ dh ⎞
As in wet region, T = constant = ⎜⎝ ds ⎟⎠ = slope
p

28. (b)
p
b

Isothermal process
c
Adiabatic Adiabatic process 2
process 1

V
As in adiabatic process there will be no heat transfer. The cycle a-b-c is formed by constituting two
adiabatic and one isothermal process. In this cycle there will be a net work production and it will be given
by area closed in a-b-c. But it will violate Kelvin-Plank statement of second law as net work is being
produced while exchanging heat with a single reservoir. So two adiabates will never intersect each other.

29. (b)
As cp – cv = R
1.482 – 1.030 = R
or R = 0.452 kJ/kgK
R
also R =
M
8.314
∴ 0.452 =
M
or M = 18.39  18

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 Mechanical Engineering | Test 1 : Thermodynamics 17

30. (a)
As for ideal gas
pv = RT
For isothermal process, pv = constant
vdp + pdv = 0
dp p
or = −
dv v

32. (c)
⎛ p1V1 − p2V2 ⎞ ⎛ γ − n ⎞
Polytropic heat supplied, Q = ⎜⎝ ×
n − 1 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ γ − 1 ⎟⎠
mR (T1 − T2 ) ( γ − n )
=
(n − 1)( γ − 1)
⎛ R ⎞ ⎛ γ − n⎞
= m⎜ (T1 − T2 ) ⎜
1⎟
⎝γ − ⎠ ⎝ n − 1 ⎠⎟

⎡ ⎛ γ − n⎞⎤
= m ⎢ −cv ⎜ (T − T ) = mcn (T2 – T1)
⎝ n − 1 ⎟⎠ ⎥⎦ 2 1
⎣
⎛ γ − n⎞
Where polytropic specific heat, cn = −cv ⎜
⎝ n − 1 ⎟⎠

33. (a)
δQ
If ∫ T
> 0 then cycle will be impossible.

34. (b)
Considering the device as the control volume.
The first law of thermodynamics for control volume

⎛ V12 ⎞ ⎛ V2 ⎞
m ⎜ h1 + + gz1⎟ + Q = m ⎜ h2 + 2 + gz 2 ⎟ + W
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠

Since, device is insulated ∴ Q = 0, z 1 = z2

⎡ ⎛ V 2 − V22 ⎞ ⎤ ⎡ V12 − V22 ⎤

W = m ⎢(h1 − h2 ) + ⎜ 1 ⎥ = 2 ⎢ c (T − T ) + ⎥
2 ⎠⎟ ⎦⎥
p 1 2
⎣⎢ ⎝ ⎢⎣ 2 ⎥⎦

⎡ ⎛ 22 − 202 ⎞ ⎤
= 2 ⎢1.005 × 103 (600 − 400) + ⎜ ⎟⎥
⎢⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎥⎦

= 2[1005 × 200 – 198] = 401604 W = 401.6 kW

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18 ESE 2017 Prelims Exam • Offline Test Series

35. (*)
Only 2 is correct.
δQ = dU + δW is valid for any process undergone by close stationary system
TdS = dH – Vdp → as each term contains change in property so it holds good for reversible as well as
irreversible process. There is no path function term in this equation. Equation 3 holds good for any
process reversible or irreversible, undergone by a close system.

37. (b)
h1 = ha + x1(hb – ha)
⇒ h1 = 25 + 0.6(200 – 25)
h1 = 25 + 105 = 130 kJ/kg
As throttling is an isenthalpic process, so
h1 = h2
⇒ h2 = 130 kJ
kJ// kg

38. (b)
As in wet region
T

1 2
435 K

s
h12 = latent heat
h12 435
⇒ Δs 12 = =
T1 435
As T1 = 162°C = (162 + 273)K = 435K
⇒ Δs 12 = 1 kJ/kgK

39. (a)
⎛ T ⎞
Initial availability (A1) = Q ⎜1 − 0 ⎟
⎝ T1 ⎠

⎛ 300 ⎞
= 400 ⎜ 1 − = 280 kJ
⎝ 1000 ⎟⎠
availability when heat supplied at 800K
⎛ 300 ⎞
A2 = 400 ⎜ 1 − ⎟ = 250 kJ
⎝ 800 ⎠

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 Mechanical Engineering | Test 1 : Thermodynamics 19

⇒ Loss in availability = A1 – A2 = 30 kJ

40. (b)
For reversible engine

δQ
∫ T
= 0

400 250 QR
⇒ + − = 0
1000 500 250
⇒ QR = 225 kJ
⇒ W = Q1 + Q2 – QR = 400 + 250 – 225
W = 425 kJ
W 425
⇒ η = = = 6
655%
Q1 + Q2 650

41. (c)
TL
Efficiency H.E. = η = 1 − = 0.75
TH
TL
⇒ = 0.25
TH
TH
or = 4
TL
TH − TL
or = 3
TL

TL 1
or = = COP of refrigerator.
TH − TL 3

42. (d)
As pressure, temperatures are intensive properties so no phase change region can be shown on p-T
plane.
At critical point Gibbs phase rule is not valid and degree of freedom at this point is zero.

43. (b)

p H2O fusion Fusion curve for

curve materials other than H2O

Liquid
Vaporization curve

Solid Triple point

Vapour
Sublimation curve

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20 ESE 2017 Prelims Exam • Offline Test Series

• Slope of fusion curve of water is negative.

• Slope of vaporization curve for all materials is positive.

44. (d)
The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of an isolated system never decreases,
because isolated systems always evolve toward thermodynamic equilibrium, a state with maximum
entropy.

45. (a)
All points as mentioned above may cause irreversibility in a system.

46. (c)
Considering air as ideal gas
3
⇒ Δs T = constant = −R ln = +ve
6
Statement 1 correct
V2 1
Δs P = constant = cp ln = cp ln = −ve
V1 2
So for second Δ s = – ve
For (3) as heat added to system
⇒ Δ s = +ve
So for 1, 3 entropy change will be +ve.

47. (d)
As temperature of the wire is constant so there will be no change in entropy of the wire.

48. (b)
For an ideal gas, the final internal energy in tank will be equal to enthalpy of gas in pipe line i.e.
hp = u t
⇒ cpTp = cvTt
Tt = 1.4 × (127 + 273)
Tt = 56
5600K

49. (c)
The efficiency that the dealer referring is to the first law efficiency. The advertised heater has COP of 1.
At the specified conditions, a reversible heat pump would have a COP of

TH (20 + 273) 293

COPrev. = = = = 24.42
TH − TL (20 − 8) 12

1
ηII-law = = 0.04 = 4%
24.42

50. (a)
As flow work = pV = 18 kW

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 Mechanical Engineering | Test 1 : Thermodynamics 21

0.6
⇒ p× = 18000 J/s
60
or p = 18 bar = 1800 kPa

51. (b)
V2
Work done for isothermal process = pV ln
V1

⎛ 2 × 0.5 ⎞
= 200 × 0.5 × ln ⎜⎝ ⎟ = 69.3 kJ
0.5 ⎠

54. (a)
• Mixing of gases at same temperature and pressure will increase the randomness of molecules i.e.
entropy.
• Energy storing to a flywheel is a high grade energy and can be fully utilized. So it is reversible.

55. (c)
Efficiency of Carnot cycle is independent of working fluid.

58. (c)
Only one is required to identify the saturation state because in wet region as well as at saturation state
both temperature and pressure are dependent property.

61. (b)
• As in steady flow process volume change of the system is zero so there will be no work done as
atmospheric workdone = p0 (v2 – v1)
As v1 = v2
⇒ Work done = 0
• In this case maximum work = maximum useful work

62. (c)
The metal at T1 K will come in equilibrium with the lake at temperature T2 K.
T2
mcdT T
(ΔS )metal = ∫ T
= C ln 2
T1
T1

mgZ mc (T2 − T1 )
(ΔS )lake = +
T2 T2
(As potential energy of block dissipates into internal energy of lake)
gz C (T2 − T1 )
= +
T2 T2

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22 ESE 2017 Prelims Exam • Offline Test Series

T2
CT2 ln + gz + C (T2 − T1)
T1
⇒ (ΔS)universe =
T2

63. (d)
Work is a transient phenomena i.e. it changes as time changes.

65. (b)
T Positive slope line

Heating region
ion
eg
gr
olin
Co

⎛ ∂T ⎞
In cooling region, μ = ⎜⎝ ∂p ⎟⎠ = +ve
h
as ∂ T → – ve
∂ p → – ve

66. (a)
For non flow quasistatic process
Work done = ∫ pdV
⎡3 ⎤
= ∫
⎢ ( 5 + 2V ) dV ⎥ × 105 Joule
⎢⎣ 1 ⎥⎦

⎡ 3 2 3⎤
= ⎢[5V ]1 + ⎡⎣V ⎤⎦1 ⎥ × 10
5
⎣ ⎦
= [10 + 8] × 105 Joule = 18 × 105 Joule

68. (a)
Availability = (Hout – H in) – T0(Sout – Sin)
= ΔH – T0(ΔS )
= Cp(ΔT ) – T0 (ΔS )
So, availability is a function of temperature and change in entropy which are independent of path so
maximum work i.e. availability is state function and independent of path.

69. (a)
When density of atmospheric air becomes equal to density of gas inside balloon, then balloon starts
floating in air.

70. (d)
All quasistatic processes are not essentially reversible. Consider free expansion and infinite number of

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 Mechanical Engineering | Test 1 : Thermodynamics 23

partition membranes are used to make expansion process very slow such that it may be considered to
be passing through equilibrium states.

72. (a)
Carnot efficiency depends on temperature limits only. All reversible heat engines working between
same temperature limits will posses same efficiency according to Carnot’s theorem.

73. (a)
Absolute temperature is the avgerage kinetic energy of molecules. As energy can not be negative so
absolute temperature can not be negative.

74. (d)
It is the first law of thermodynamics which says that a certain energy balance will hold when a system
undergoes change of state.
All spontaneous processes occur in a particular direction along which entropy change is positive or
zero.

75. (b)
For internally irreversible close system:
δQ
ΔS = + Sgen
T
= Sgen [For adiabatic process δQ = 0]
As Sgen is always positive so assertion is correct.
For internally reversible close system :
δQ
ΔS =
T
If process is adiabatic Δ S = 0
So both A and R are correct independently.



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