A Tune-Up Guide to Scuba Diving and the Deep Blue Sea

Assessment 2.2 By Pontus Kandelin

Data Visualisation
CIN100A
 “As a diver you are weightless and can move in all directions.
You approach the freedom of a bird as you move in three dimensions in a fluid environment.”
- Dennis Graver, SCUBA DIVING

Data Visualisation Assessment 2.2 Pontus Kandelin

CIN100A
 After a 6 months break from diving, there is a
recommendation by PADI to do a Scuba
Review program. In other words a tune-up or a
AIM refresher course of diving skills. The aim with
this infographic is to prepare those in need of
the course, but also to remind all certified
divers of diving safety and recommendations.

Data Visualisation Assessment 2.2 Pontus Kandelin

CIN100A
 Since it’s a tune-up guide, the target audience
is already certified divers that needs to do a
TARGET AUDIENCE Scuba Review program. But it’s also an info-
graphic that all divers could take a look at once
in a while to refresh their scuba knowledge.

Data Visualisation Assessment 2.2 Pontus Kandelin

CIN100A
 I already have some knowledge of scuba diving as I’m a certified
PADI divemaster, but I as well needed to refresh my knowledge a
bit, so therefore I chosed this subject for an infographic.

I found information through my own experience and in my PADI

RESEARCH Divemaster Manual but also through google searches.

There is a lot of information for diving safety and how to dive out
there, but I chosed carefully to include the information that I think
is vital for refreshing your skills in diving.

Data Visualisation Assessment 2.2 Pontus Kandelin

CIN100A
 “Every year, large amounts of
litter enter the sea. As plastics
are particularly durable, the mass
of plastic debris in the world’s
oceans is steadily increasing
– often with fatal consequences
for countless sea creatures.”
- worldoceanreview.com

Marine
Debris
Man-made
materials
in the
oceans
and how it
affects us

every year we’re producing

nearly 300 million tons of plastic.
150 million tons is made for single use.
8 million tons is dumped into our oceans.

300.000.000 150.000.000 8.000.000

tons

Marine Debris is the term used for man-made

material that’s been dumped into our oceans.

other debris
top 10 marine debris items
1. Cigarettes

2. Plastic Bags
12%
28%
3. Food Wrappers
8%

4. Caps/Lids 8%
17%
5. Plastic bottles 6%
5%
4%
4% 4%
4%
6. Plastic Forks/Knife etc.

7. Glass bottles

8. cans

9. Plastic straws

10. Paper bags

Oceans are fundamental
to the health of our planet.

70%
of the oxygen

I actually found inspiration in my first

we breathe is produced
by marine plants.

97%
of the earth’s
water supply is
contained in the ocean.

of co2 emissions

30%
infographic about Marine Debris. It
produced by humans
are absorbed by the
oceans.

no healthy ocean, no healthy living.

it takes 200 years for aluminium to degrade in water.
it takes 400 years for plastic to degrade in water.

also has a theme of the ocean that

INSPIRATION inspires me a lot sometimes. But to
What you do on land
can change the fate
of what goes on off shore.
and small mistakes in waste disposal

can have a large impact

get further with my idea I had to go

on everyone’s health
and wellbeing...

on Pinterest to find more inspiration. so How does it affect us humans?

We’re on top of the food chain.

when plastic is broken up

into tiny pieces, it attracts
toxic chemicals
released over decades from cancer
industry and agriculutre, a
concentration of which
infertility
increases as they move hormonal problems
up the food chain. damage nervous system

exposure to these
heart disease
chemicals may be a alzheimer’s
concern of human
health, and may
contribute to:

But Not only fish and human is affected...

over 90% Research found that

95% of northen fulmars
of all seabirds washed up dead in the
have plastic pieces north sea had ingested
plastic debris.
in their stomach

1 in 3
species
and not to forget
of marine mammals
old fishing gear... have been found
the ghost nets! entangled in
marine debris.

Plastics are the culprit in
92% of the cases where
species have ingested
or become entangled
in marine debris.
70% of marine litter all seven sea turtle
has been estimated species have ingested
to end up on the or become entangled
seabed. in marine debris.

Make a choice,
for everyone.

design by pontus kandelin

Data Visualisation Assessment 2.2 Pontus Kandelin

CIN100A
 1. Typeface
2. Colours
3. Title
4. Icons
STYLE SHEET 5. Elements
6.1 Grid
6.2 Grid
7. Work in progress

Data Visualisation Assessment 2.2 Pontus Kandelin

CIN100A
Style Sheet - 1. Typeface

BJORN Solo Sans

TYPEFACE
ABC
Regular Halftone Light
ABC
Regular Bold Light

Title / HEader Sub-Headers / Body Copy

Data Visualisation Assessment 2.2 Pontus Kandelin

CIN100A
Style Sheet - 2. Colours

R 24 G 82 B 132
C 66 M 56 Y 55 K 60

R 60 G 60 B 59
C 66 M 56 Y 55 K 60

Secondary
Primary
COLOURS R 248 G 177 B 51
C 0 M 35 Y 85 K 0

R 245 G 245 B 245

C4M3Y4K0

R 0 G 158 B 226
C 75 M 22 Y 0 K 0

Data Visualisation Assessment 2.2 Pontus Kandelin

CIN100A
Style Sheet - 3. Title

a tune-up guide to Scuba

TITLE D i v i ng
a nd t he De e p blu e S e a

Data Visualisation Assessment 2.2 Pontus Kandelin

CIN100A
Style Sheet - 4. Icons

Icons is simply designed and illustrated.

ICONS Because there is such complex and important

information about safety and recommendations
in the infographic, text is added beside the icons.

18m/60s
Data Visualisation Assessment 2.2 Pontus Kandelin
CIN100A
Style Sheet - 5. Elements

Rope

Industry logos

Diver

As with the Marine Debris-infographic, I

ELEMENTS wanted to add a lot of elements in the
background to add more life into it.
Buoy

Diver helmet (add-on to title)

Clouds

Fish and corals

Data Visualisation Assessment 2.2 Pontus Kandelin

CIN100A
Style Sheet - 6.1 Grid

It was mainly the vertical guides I

was using, but I added horizontal
guides as the designing process
kept going forward.
GRID
At first glance, it may just look like a
mess, but the grid really helped me
put the things in the right place.

Data Visualisation Assessment 2.2 Pontus Kandelin

CIN100A
Style Sheet - 6.2 Grid

GRID

Data Visualisation Assessment 2.2 Pontus Kandelin

CIN100A
Style Sheet - Work in progress

a Quick guide to Scuba a safety guide to Scuba

Diving
a nd t h e D e e p b l u e s e a
Diving
a nd t h e D e e p blue Se a

six million
Scuba Diving was first It’s now a multi-million It’s a recreational
invented in early 1700’s dollar business and there activity and sport
when diving bells and is about 6 million active almost everyone can
large, bulky, sealed suits divers worldwide. do, even people with
were developed. disabilities.

WORK IN PROGRESS

Data Visualisation Assessment 2.2 Pontus Kandelin

CIN100A
 a tune-up guide to Scuba

D iv ing
and t h e D e e p b l u e Se a Low Quality Example Low Quality Example Low Quality Example
A tune-up is recommended for a diver if it’s been more than 6
months since the last dive. It’s a refresher of diving basics and
practices so that the next time it’s time for a dive, it will be an
enjoyable, fun and safe dive for the diver and the environment.

Read through this guide if it’s been more than 6 months since
your last dive to refresh your diving skills.

BEFORE DIVING,
CHECK YOUR EQUIPMENT

Check the Check your

cylinder for regulator. 1st
Adjust your and 2nd stage,
last inspection
weights. pressure gauge
date and
damages. Don’t and alternate
forget O-ring. air source.

Check the BCD Make sure your Check straps

for damages. fins fit well on and releases
Don’t forget your feet. on mask. Put
straps and Check straps anti-fog or spit
releases, and and releases if in your mask
check for leaks. an open-heel before entering
fin. water.

SIX HAND SIGNALS TO KEEP IN MIND

Are you Ok? / I’m Ok Something’s wrong Problem with my ears

Low on air Descend Ascend

BEFORE ENTERING THE WATER

PLAN THE DIVE, AND DIVE THE PLAN.
DO A BUDDY CHECK TOGETHER WITH YOUR DIVING BUDDY.
START EQUALIZING ON LAND IF YOU’VE GOT EAR-PROBLEMS.
INFLATE YOUR BCD.
GRAB ONE HAND ON YOUR WEIGHT BELT, ONE ON MASK.
TAKE ONE BIG STEP OUT AND JUMP IN THE WATER.
BREATHE IN AND SIGNAL OK.

TO AVOID INCIDENTS, FOLLOW THESE

GOOD DIVING PRACTICES

Dive within your limits

and training

Dive with a buddy Monitor your air

18m
Open Water

30m Open Water

Advanced
Monitor it often and start your
ascend with 50 bar at least.

DO’S

DONT’S
Ascend slowly Hold your breath

Ensure equipment is serviced Enter overhead environments

and working without proper training

Keep dive time within no stop limits Damage the marine environment
Log dives for training record / memory Touch marine life and creatures

Give in to peer pressure

“It’s okey not to dive!”

Ascend rapidly if you get panicked

ALWAYS MAKE SURE YOU ARE FIT AND HEALTHY ENOUGH TO DIVE
AND NEVER DIVE WITH A COLD

DIVING RECOMMENDATIONS

Both divers in the buddy pair must follow

the most conservative dive computer.

! In the event of trouble underwater,

cancel the dive.

Once a dive computer is in use, it

must not be switched off until it
indicates complete offgassing has
occurred or 24 hours have elapsed.

18m/60s
Never ascend faster than 18m per minute.

Make a 3 minute safety stop when you

3 min reach 5 meters on your ascent.

Do a Scuba Review program

at your nearest PADI Dive Centre
visit padi.com/scuba-diving/dive-shop-locator/

Common scuba problems

EAR BAROTRAUMA (EAR SQUEEZES)

30% of first time 10% of experienced

30% divers experience
ear barotrauma.
divers experience
ear barotrauma. 10%

Ear barotrauma occurrs when there is differences in

pressure between the middle ear and outside environment.
It’s the most common diving injury.

SURFACE
0 1 1 100%

4,2m

As pressure increases,
gas volume decreases
10 2 1/2 50%

FINAL

Part 1

Part 2

Part 3
20 3 1/3 33%

Because of the rapid relative gas

volume change, the diver is at
most risk of ear injury in the first 30 4 1/4 25%
4,2 meters of the descent.

40 5 1/5 20%

DEPTH ABSOLUTE GAS VOL. BUBBLE

(M) PRESSURE SIZE
(ATM)

EAR DRUM
MIDDLE EAR

EUSTACHIAN TUBE

The Valsalva Manoeuvre ALWAYS PERFORM YOUR FIRST

- A method to equalize pressure in the ears.
VALSALVA MANOEUVRE AT THE
Pinch your nose and gently blow
through your nose.
SURFACE, BEFORE BEGINNING
YOUR DESCENT.
The resulting overpressure in your
throat usually forces air up your
Eustachian tubes.

If ears do not clear, don’t force them.

Never dive
with a cold!

DECOMPRESSION ILLNESS (DCI)

If divers ascend too fast,
nitrogen bubbles may form
Needs to be treated in a decompression chamber.
which cause “The Bends” or
“Decompression Sickness”.

NITROGEN NARCOSIS
A state of euphoria, similar to
feeling high or drunk, occurs
when nitrogen in normal air Occurs at deeper depths, usually starts at 30m.
enters the bloodstream at
increased partial pressure.

CUTS AND SCRAPES

The most usual injury for Usual happens because touching of marine life
divers is actually cuts and and environment.
scrapes, but does not occur
because of pressure changes.

LUNG RUPTURE
If a diver hold its breath while
scuba diving and not allowing
air to escape, the lungs can Scuba diving rule number 1 is to never hold
rupture. The air is com- the breath while diving.
pressed at depths, so if
pressure is decreased and air
can not escape, the air will
still expand and try to get
out.

Learn more and

get your insurance at
https://www.diversalertnetwork.org
Do a Scuba Review program
at your nearest PADI Dive Centre
visit padi.com/scuba-diving/dive-shop-locator/

Top 5 dive sites in the world

1. Barracuda Point, Sipadan Island

2. Blue Corner Wall, Palau, Micronesia
3. Yongala, Australia
4. Thistlegorm, Egypt
5. Shark and Yolanda Reef, Egypt

3 INTERESTING FACTS FOR DIVERS

Speed sound travels 4,3 times faster underwater compared to

air - this makes determining direction of sound near impossi-

4,3x
ble for divers.

10
meter
Below 10 meters depth, divers can not see red or yellow. Blood
appears dark green in colour.

332,35 meter is the deepest scuba dive ever

achieved and is held as a world record. Red Sea,

332,35
Egypt, 2014.

meter

Let’s go diving!

Sources:
PADI Divemaster Manual (2015)
http://www.jems.com/articles/print/volume-40/issue-8/features/recognizing-and-treating-injuries-caused-by-scuba-diving.html
https://www.diversalertnetwork.org/medical/articles/Common_Ear_Injuries_While_Diving
https://www.emedicinehealth.com/ear_pain_scuba_diving/page2_em.htm
https://www.diversalertnetwork.org/medical/articles/Decompression_Illness_What_Is_It_and_What_Is_The_Treatment
http://www.scubatravel.co.uk/topdiveslong.html
https://www.pinterest.se/pin/32580797284891275/

Data Visualisation Assessment 2.2 Pontus Kandelin

CIN100A
 a tune-up guide to Scuba

Di ving
and the Deep blue Sea
A tune-up is recommended for a diver if it’s been more than 6
months since the last dive. It’s a refresher of diving basics and
practices so that the next time it’s time for a dive, it will be an
enjoyable, fun and safe dive for the diver and the environment.

Read through this guide if it’s been more than 6 months since
your last dive to refresh your diving skills.

BEFORE DIVING,
CHECK YOUR EQUIPMENT

Check the Check your

cylinder for regulator. 1st
Adjust your and 2nd stage,
last inspection
weights. pressure gauge
date and
damages. Don’t and alternate
forget O-ring. air source.

Check the BCD Make sure your Check straps

for damages. fins fit well on and releases
Don’t forget your feet. on mask. Put
straps and Check straps anti-fog or spit
releases, and and releases if in your mask
check for leaks. an open-heel before entering
fin. water.

SIX HAND SIGNALS TO KEEP IN MIND

Are you Ok? / I’m Ok Something’s wrong Problem with my ears

Low on air Descend Ascend

BEFORE ENTERING THE WATER

PLAN THE DIVE, AND DIVE THE PLAN.
DO A BUDDY CHECK TOGETHER WITH YOUR DIVING BUDDY.
START EQUALIZING ON LAND IF YOU’VE GOT EAR-PROBLEMS.
INFLATE YOUR BCD.
GRAB ONE HAND ON YOUR WEIGHT BELT, ONE ON MASK.
TAKE ONE BIG STEP OUT AND JUMP IN THE WATER.
BREATHE IN AND SIGNAL OK.

TO AVOID INCIDENTS, FOLLOW THESE

GOOD DIVING PRACTICES

Dive within your limits

and training

Dive with a buddy Monitor your air

18m
Open Water

30m Open Water

Advanced

Monitor it often and start your

ascend with 50 bar at least.
DO’S

DONT’S

Ascend slowly Hold your breath

Ensure equipment is serviced Enter overhead environments

and working without proper training

Keep dive time within no stop limits Damage the marine environment

Log dives for training record / memory Touch marine life and creatures

Give in to peer pressure

“It’s okey not to dive!”

Ascend rapidly if you get panicked

ALWAYS MAKE SURE YOU ARE FIT AND HEALTHY ENOUGH TO DIVE
AND NEVER DIVE WITH A COLD

DIVING RECOMMENDATIONS

Both divers in the buddy pair must follow

the most conservative dive computer.

! In the event of trouble underwater,

cancel the dive.

Once a dive computer is in use, it

must not be switched off until it
indicates complete offgassing has
occurred or 24 hours have elapsed.
18m/60s

Never ascend faster than 18m per minute.

Make a 3 minute safety stop when you

3 min reach 5 meters on your ascent.

Do a Scuba Review program

at your nearest PADI Dive Centre
visit padi.com/scuba-diving/dive-shop-locator/

Common scuba problems

EAR BAROTRAUMA (EAR SQUEEZES)

30% of first time 10% of experienced

30% divers experience
ear barotrauma.
divers experience
ear barotrauma. 10%

Ear barotrauma occurrs when there is differences in

pressure between the middle ear and outside environment.
It’s the most common diving injury.

SURFACE
0 1 1 100%

4,2m
As pressure increases,
gas volume decreases

10 2 1/2 50%

20 3 1/3 33%

Because of the rapid relative gas

volume change, the diver is at
most risk of ear injury in the first 30 4 1/4 25%
4,2 meters of the descent.

40 5 1/5 20%

DEPTH ABSOLUTE GAS VOL. BUBBLE

(M) PRESSURE SIZE
(ATM)

EAR DRUM
MIDDLE EAR

EUSTACHIAN TUBE

The Valsalva Manoeuvre ALWAYS PERFORM YOUR FIRST

- A method to equalize pressure in the ears.
VALSALVA MANOEUVRE AT THE
■ Pinch your nose and gently blow
through your nose.
SURFACE, BEFORE BEGINNING
YOUR DESCENT.
■ The resulting overpressure in your
throat usually forces air up your
Eustachian tubes.

■ If ears do not clear, don’t force them.

Never dive
with a cold!

DECOMPRESSION ILLNESS (DCI)

If divers ascend too fast,
nitrogen bubbles may form
Needs to be treated in a decompression chamber.
which cause “The Bends” or
“Decompression Sickness”.

NITROGEN NARCOSIS
A state of euphoria, similar to
feeling high or drunk, occurs
when nitrogen in normal air Occurs at deeper depths, usually starts at 30m.
enters the bloodstream at
increased partial pressure.

CUTS AND SCRAPES

The most usual injury for Usual happens because touching of marine life
divers is actually cuts and and environment.
scrapes, but does not occur
because of pressure changes.

LUNG RUPTURE
If a diver hold its breath while
scuba diving and not allowing
air to escape, the lungs can Scuba diving rule number 1 is to never hold
rupture. The air is com- the breath while diving.
pressed at depths, so if
pressure is decreased and air
can not escape, the air will
still expand and try to get
out.

Learn more and

get your insurance at
https://www.diversalertnetwork.org
Do a Scuba Review program
at your nearest PADI Dive Centre
visit padi.com/scuba-diving/dive-shop-locator/

Top 5 dive sites in the world

1. Barracuda Point, Sipadan Island

2. Blue Corner Wall, Palau, Micronesia
3. Yongala, Australia
4. Thistlegorm, Egypt
5. Shark and Yolanda Reef, Egypt

3 INTERESTING FACTS FOR DIVERS

Speed sound travels 4,3 times faster underwater compared to

air - this makes determining direction of sound near impossi-

4,3x
ble for divers.

10
meter
Below 10 meters depth, divers can not see red or yellow. Blood
appears dark green in colour.

332,35 meter is the deepest scuba dive ever

achieved and is held as a world record. Red Sea,

332,35
Egypt, 2014.

meter

Let’s go diving!

Sources:
PADI Divemaster Manual (2015)
http://www.jems.com/articles/print/volume-40/issue-8/features/recognizing-and-treating-injuries-caused-by-scuba-diving.html
https://www.diversalertnetwork.org/medical/articles/Common_Ear_Injuries_While_Diving
https://www.emedicinehealth.com/ear_pain_scuba_diving/page2_em.htm
https://www.diversalertnetwork.org/medical/articles/Decompression_Illness_What_Is_It_and_What_Is_The_Treatment
http://www.scubatravel.co.uk/topdiveslong.html
https://www.pinterest.se/pin/32580797284891275/
 So the course ‘Data Visualisation’ is over. It’s been a few fun assignments in this
course, where I most of all learned how to use Illustrator. A program I now use
more often than Photoshop - that was my favourite program before. I have really
evolved when I’ve been illustrating these infographics. For that I’m grateful for
this course. I now also know what an infographic is and how to design one, and
there is so many different infographics you can do, so in the end, as long as the
information is correct and it’s easy to understand it when its target audience is
looking at it, it’s a good design, I believe.

But it’s not just how you use the colours, or what typeface you are using, you also
need to tell a story, and present the information in the right hierarchy.

FINAL WORDS As for this final assignment, I must say I’m satisfied with the end result. I had a
hard time getting started, and to find my subject, and even how to put all the
pieces together when I finally got started. I believe I had the background for this
work done first, and from there it was like I was hitting a wall all the time. I
couldn’t find the right place where to put the information I had gathered, neither
was I sure I was using the right information that I wanted.

For this I also put more pressure on me than necessary I believe, as I wanted to
top my “Marine Debris” infographic. But in the end I took a lot of inspiration from
that one.

For my illustating skills I’ve gained, I’m grateful for this course and It’s been a fun
journey.

Data Visualisation Assessment 2.2 Pontus Kandelin

CIN100A
 Thank you!

Assessment 2.2 By Pontus Kandelin

Data Visualisation
CIN100A