Section A (SPM PAPER 3 QUESTION 2)

1 A student carried out an experiment to determine the relationship between the object distance, u, and the image
distance, v, from a lens. The student changed the position of the object along the principal axis of the lens. The object
1
distance and image distance for each position are measured and recorded. The student then plotted a graph of
v
1
against as shown in Diagram 1.
u
Seorang pelajar menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk menentukan hubungan antara jarak objek, u, dan jarak imej, v, daripada satu
kanta. Pelajar itu mengubah kedudukan objek sepanjang paksi prinsipal kanta itu. Jarak objek dan jarak imej bagi setiap kedudukan
1 1
itu diukur dan dicatatkan. Pelajar itu kemudian memplotkan satu graf melawan seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1.
v u
1 -1
v / cm
0.10

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

1 -1
0 u / cm
0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10
Diagram 1 / Rajah 1
(a) Based on the Diagram 1 / Berdasarkan pada Rajah 1:
(i) State the relationship between v and u / Nyatakan hubungan antara v dan u. [1 mark / markah]

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) 1 1 1 1
State the value of when = 0.03 cm-1 . / Nyatakan nilai bagi apabila = 0.03 cm-1. [1 mark / markah]
v u v u
1
= …………….……..cm-1.
v
(iii) Calculate the image distance, v, if the object distance, u, is 20.0 cm. Show on the graph how you determine
the image distance, v.
Kirakan jarak imej, v, jika jarak objek, u, adalah 20.0 cm. Tunjukkan pada graf bagaimana anda menentukan jarak imej,
v, itu. [3 marks / markah]

(iv) Calculate the gradient of the graph, m. Show on the graph how you determine the gradient of the graph.
Kirakan kecerunan graf itu, m. Tunjukkan pada graf bagaimana anda menentukan kecerunan graf itu.
[3 marks / markah]

(b) 1 1 1
By using the value of the gradient obtained in (a)(iv) or the intercept of a suitable axis and the equation   ,
f u v
determine the focal length, f, of the lens used.
Dengan menggunakan nilai kecerunan yang diperolehi di (a)(iv) atau pintasan pada paksi yang sesuai dan persamaan
1 1 1
  , tentukan panjang fokus, f, bagi kanta yang digunakan itu. [3 marks / markah]
f u v

(c) State one precaution that should be taken in the experiment. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil dalam eksperimen ini.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………
2 A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the resistance, R and the length, l, for a
wire p, to determine the diameter, d of the wire. The student cut the wire into six different lengths. The results of the
experiment are shown in the graph resistance R against the length l as in the Diagram 2.
Seorang pelajar menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk menyiasat hubungan antara resistance, R dan panjang, l, untuk satu wire p,
bagi menentukan diameter, d, wayar itu. Pelajar itu memotong wayar itu kepada tujuh panjang berlainan. Keputusan eksperimen
ditunjukkan dalam graf rintangan R melawan panjang, R seperti dalam Rajah 2.
R/ Graph of R against l
3.0 Graf R melawan l

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 l / m

Diagram 2 / Rajah 2
(a) State the relationship between R and l. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan hubungan antara R dan l.

…………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) A wire made from the same material as wire p has a length of 340 mm. Using the graph of R against l, determine
the resistance of the wire. Show on the graph how you determined the resistance, R.
Satu wayar diperbuat daripada bahan yang sama seperti wayar p yang mempunyai panjang 340 mm. Menggunakan graf R
melawan l, tentukan rintangan wayar itu. Tunjukkan pada graf bagaimana anda menentukan nilai rintangan, R.
[3 marks / markah]

R = ……………………….
(c) 4 l
The resistance R of the wire p is given by the formula of R = , where ρ is the resistivity of the wire p which
d2
4
has a value of 100 × 10-8  m, and d is the diameter of wire. So, m = , where m is the gradient of the graph.
d2
4 l
Rintangan R bagi dawai p diberi oleh formula R = , di mana ρ adalah kerintangan bagi wayar p yang mempunyai nilai
d2
4
100 × 10-8  m, dan d adalah diameter wayar. Jadi m = , di mana m adalah kecerunan graf.
d2
(i) Calculate the gradient, m, of the graph. Show on the graph how you determined m. [3 marks / markah]
Hitung kecerunan, m, bagi graf itu. Tunjukkan pada graf bagaimana anda menentukan m.

m = ……………………………….
(ii) 4
Using the formula m = , calculate the diameter d of the wire. [3 marks / markah]
d2
4
Menggunakan formula m = , hitung diameter, d bagi wayar itu.
d2

d = ………………………….
(d) State two precautions that should be taken during this experiment. [2 marks / markah]
Nyatakan dua langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil semasa eksperimen ini.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3 A student carried out an experiment to study the relationship between the period of oscillation, T and mass, m for a
loaded spring of oscillation. The results of the experiment are shown in the graph of T2 against m as in Diagram 2.1.
Seorang pelajar menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji hubungan antara tempoh ayunan, T dan jisim, m untuk suatu spring
ayunan. Keputusan eksperimen ditunjukkan di dalam graf T2 melawan m seperti di Rajah 3.1.
2 2
Period square, T / s
Tempoh kuasa dua, T 2 / s2

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
10 20 30 40 50 Mass, m/g
Mass, m/g

Diagram 3.1 / Rajah 3.1

(a) Based on the graph in Diagram 3.1:
Berdasarkan pada graf di Rajah 3.1:
(i) State the relationship between T2 and m. [1 mark / 1 markah]
Nyatakan hubungan antara T2 dan m.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) Determine the value of T when m = 25 g. Show on the graph how you determine the value of T.
Tentukan nilai bagi T apabila m = 25 g. Tunjukkan pada graf bagaimana anda menentukan nilai T.
[2 marks / 2 markah]
T = ………………….
(iii) Determine the value of m when T2 = 0.65 s2. Show on the graph how you determine the value of m.
Tentukan nilai bagi m apabila T2 = 0.65 s2. Tunjukkan pada graf bagaimana anda menentukan nilai bagi m.
[2 marks / 2 markah]
m = …………………
(b) 39.45
The stiffness of spring, k, is given by the formula k = c , where c = gradient of graph.
39.45
Kekerasan spring, k, adalah diberi oleh formula k = c , di mana c = kecerunan graf itu.
(i) Calculate the gradient of graph T2 against m. Show on the graph how you determine the gradient, c.
Kirakan kecerunan bagi graf T2 melawan m. Tunjukkan pada graf bagaimana anda menentukan kecerunan itu, c.
[3 marks / 3 markah]

c = …………………………….
(ii) 39.45
By using the formula k = c and the value obtained in 3(b)(i), calculate the stiffness of spring, k.
39.45
Dengan menggunakan formula k = c dan nilai yang didapati di 3(b)(i), kirakan kekerasan bagi spring itu, k.
[3 marks / 3 markah]

k = ……………………………
(c) State one precaution step that should be taken to improve the results of this experiment. [1 mark / 1 markah]
Nyatakan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil bagi memperbaiki keputusan eksperimen ini.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………….
4 A student carries out an experiment to determine the mass, m, of a steel ball bearing with the depth, h, of the
submerged tube in water when different numbers, N, of steel ball bearings are put in it. Diagram 4 shows the graph of
depth, h, against the number of steel ball bearings, N, put into it.
Seorang pelajar menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk menentukan jisim, m, bagi suatu bola bearing keluli dengan kedalaman, h, bagi
suatu tabung uji yang ditenggelamkan ke dalam air apabila bilangan bola bearing keluli dimasukkan ke dalamnya. Rajah 4
menunjukkan satu graf kedalaman, h, melawan bilangan bola bearing keluli, N, yang dimasukkan ke dalamnya.

h / cm Graph of h against N
Graf h melawan N
15

14

13

12

11

10
0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
N
Diagram 4 / Rajah 4
(a) Based on the graph in Diagram 4:
Berdasarkan pada graf dalam Rajah 4:
(i) State the relationship between h and N. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan hubungan antara h dan N.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
(ii) Determine the value of h0 when N = 0. Show on the graph, how you determine the value of h0.
Tentukan nilai bagi h0 apabila N = 0. Tunjukkan pada graf bagaimana anda menentukan nilai bagi h0.
[3 marks / markah]

h0 =………………………….
(b) Find the gradient, k, of the graph. Show on the graph how you find the gradient. [3 marks / markah]
Hitung kecerunan, k, bagi graf itu. Tunjukkan pada graf bagaimana anda mencari kecerunan itu.

k = ………………………………
(c) The mass, m, of a steel ball bearing is given by the equation m = 0.7854 d2 k. Given that d = 2.50 cm and k is the
gradient of graph, find m. [3 marks / markah]
Jisim, m, bagi bola bearing keluli itu diberi oleh persamaan m = 0.7854 d2 k. Diberi bahawa d = 2.50 cm dan k adalah kecerunan
graf, hitung nilai m.

m = ……………………………..
(c) State two precaution step that should be taken to improve the results of this experiment. [2 marks / markah]
Nyatakan dua langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil kira untuk memperbaiki keputusan eksperimen ini.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5 A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the collector current, IC, and the base
current, IB, for a transistor. The result of this experiment is shown in the graph of IC against IB as in Diagram 5.
Seorang pelajar menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk menyiasat hubungan antara arus pengumpul, I c, dan arus tapak, Ib, untuk suatu
transistor. Keputusan eksperimen ini ditunjukkan dalam graf Ic melawan Ib seperti dalam Rajah 5.
3
I C (  10 A)
Graph of Ic against IB
Graf IC melawan IB
100

80

60

40

20

0
100 200 300 400 500 600
6
I B (  10 A)

Diagram 5 / Rajah 5
(a) Based on the graph in Diagram 5:
Berdasarkan pada graf dalam Rajah 5:
(i) State the relationship between IC and IB. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan hubungan antara IC dan IB.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
(ii) Determine the value of IB when IC = 100 mA. Show on the graph, how you determine the value of IB.
Tentukan nilai bagi IB apabila IC = 100 mA. Tunjukkan pada graf bagaimana anda menentukan nilai bagi IB.
[3 marks / markah]
IB =………………………….
(b) (i) Calculate the gradient, m, of the graph. Show on the graph how you determine the gradient m.
Kirakan kecerunan, m, bagi graf itu. Tunjukkan pada graf bagaimana anda menentukan kecerunan m.
[3 marks / markah]
m =………………………….
(ii) By using the answer in 5(b)(i) and formula IE = (m + 1)IB, calculate the value of IE when IB = 50×10– 6 A.
Dengan menggunakan jawapan di 5(b)(i) dan formula IE = (m + 1)IB, hitung nilai bagi IE apabila IB = 50×10– 6 A.
[2 marks / markah]
IE = ……………………………
(iii) I
The common base current gain, α is given by the formula α = m ( I B ). By using the answers in 5(b)(i) and
E

5b(ii), calculate the value of α when IB = 50 × 10– 6 A. [2 marks / markah]

IB
Gandaan arus tapak, α diberi oleh formula α = m ( IE
). Dengan menggunakan jawapan anda di 5(b)(i) dan 5(b)(ii),
hitung nilai bagi α apabila IB = 50 × 10– 6 A.

α = ……………………………
(c) State one precaution step that should be taken to improve the results of this experiment. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil kira untuk memperbaiki keputusan eksperimen ini.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
 Section B [SPM PAPER 3]
1 Diagram 1.1 shows two similar hanging lamps but with different length of thread. When there is a wind blow, it will
always be observed that the hanging lamp with longer thread will swing for longer time.
String
Hanging lamp Tali
Lampu tergantung

Swing
Berayun
Diagram 1.1
Based on the above observation:
(a) Make one suitable inference
(b) State one appropriate hypothesis that could be investigated.
(c) Design an experiment to investigate the hypothesis in 1(b). Choose suitable apparatus such as a pendulum bob,
load, and others. In your description, state clearly the following;
(i) Aim of the experiment,
(ii) Variables in the experiment ,
(iii) List of apparatus and materials,
(iv) Arrangement of the apparatus,
(v) The procedure of experiment, which includes the method of controlling the manipulated variable and the
method of measuring the responding variable,
(vi) The way you would tabulate the data,
(vii) The way you would analyse the data.
Answer space:
2 Diagram 2.1 shows a man pushing a heavy wooden block using a trolley. He finds that the trolley will move at a faster
rate if he pushes the trolley using a bigger force.
Pushing
Tolak Wooden block
Bongkah kayu

Trolley
Troli
Diagram 2.1
Based on the above observation:
(a) State one suitable inference
(b) State one appropriate hypothesis that could be investigated.
(c) Design an experiment to investigate the hypothesis in 2(b). Choose suitable apparatus such as a runway, trolley, and others. In
your description, state clearly the following;
(i) Aim of the experiment,
(ii) Variables in the experiment ,
(iii) List of apparatus and materials,
(iv) Arrangement of the apparatus,
(v) The procedure of experiment, which includes the method of controlling the manipulated variable and the method of
measuring the responding variable,
(vi) The way you would tabulate the data,
(vii) The way you would analyse the data.
Answer space:
3 A man who is fishing, pulled out a fish out of the water as shown in Diagram 3.1. It becomes more difficult to pull out
the fish out of the water and the rod is getting bender in Diagram 3.2.

Diagram 3.1 Diagram 3.2

Based on the information and your observation above:

(a) State one suitable inference. [1 mark]
(b) State one suitable hypothesis. [1 mark]
(c) With the use of apparatus such as measuring cylinder, spring balance, metal rod and other apparatus, describe an
experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in 3(b). In your description, state clearly the following:
(i) Aim of the experiment
(ii) Variables in the experiment
(iii) List of apparatus and materials
(iv) Arrangement of the apparatus and materials
(v) The procedures of the experiment include the method of controlling the manipulated variable and the
method of measuring the responding variable
(vi) The way you would tabulate the data
(vii) The way you would analyse the data [10 marks]
Answer space:
4 Diagram 4.1 and 4.2 show two similar electric kettles used to boil water. The power ratings for the kettles are 240 V,
1000 W. It is found that the water in the kettle in Diagram 4.2 boils faster than the water in the kettle in Diagram 4.1.

220 V, 1000 W 220 V, 1000 W

Diagram 4.1 Diagram 4.2
Based on the observation given;
(a) State one suitable inference.
(b) State one suitable hypothesis.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as immersion heater, beaker, thermometer and other apparatus, describe an
experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in 4(b).
In your description, state clearly the following:
(i) Aim of the experiment
(ii) Variables in the experiment
(iii) List of apparatus and materials
(iv) Arrangement of the apparatus
(v) The procedures of the experiment include the method of controlling the manipulated variable and the
method of measuring the responding variable
(vi) The way you would tabulate the data
(vii) The way you would analyse the data
Answer space:
5 Diagram 5.1 shows three balloons which were blown and tied to a string in the early morning for a sports day. Diagram
5.2 shows the appearance of the same balloons during the hot afternoon.

Diagram 5.1 Diagram 5.2

Based on the observation given;
(a) State one suitable inference.
(b) State one suitable hypothesis.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as Bunsen burner, thermometer, capillary tube, sulphuric acid and other
apparatus, describe an experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in 5(b).
In your description, state clearly the following:
(i) Aim of the experiment
(ii) Variables in the experiment
(iii) List of apparatus and materials
(iv) Arrangement of the apparatus
(v) The procedures of the experiment include the method of controlling the manipulated variable and the
method of measuring the responding variable
(vi) The way you would tabulate the data
(vii) The way you would analyse the data
Answer space:

6 Diagram 6.1 shows when a piece of glass is put in front of a pencil, it will appear as the broken pencil.
 Pencil

Glass

Diagram 6.1
Based on the observation given;
(a) State one suitable inference.
(b) State one suitable hypothesis.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as ray box, single slit, protractor and other apparatus, describe an experiment
framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in 6(b).
In your description, state clearly the following:
(i) Aim of the experiment
(ii) Variables in the experiment
(iii) List of apparatus and materials
(iv) Arrangement of the apparatus
(v) The procedures of the experiment include the method of controlling the manipulated variable and the
method of measuring the responding variable
(vi) The way you would tabulate the data
(vii) The way you would analyse the data
Answer space:

7 A student who moves his ear near a vibrating tuning fork hears loud and soft sounds alternately. Diagram 7.1 shows the
 positions of loud sounds are closer together using farer arm of tuning fork. Diagram 7.2 shows the positions of loud
sound are further apart.
Ear of student Ear of student

L L L L L L L L

Arm of tuning
fork

L : Loud sound
heard

Tuning fork: Arms further apart Tuning fork: Arms nearer

Diagram 7.1 Diagram 7.2
Based on the above observation;
(a) State one suitable inference.
(b) State one suitable hypothesis.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as two speakers, metre rule, and other apparatus, describe an experiment
framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in 7(b).
In your description, state clearly the following:
(i) Aim of the experiment
(ii) Variables in the experiment
(iii) List of apparatus and materials
(iv) Arrangement of the apparatus
(v) The procedures of the experiment include the method of controlling the manipulated variable and the
method of measuring the responding variable
(vi) The way you would tabulate the data
(vii) The way you would analyse the data
Answer space:

8 Diagram 8.1 and 8.2 show Adman selling fruits at two different night markets. He finds that the bulb at his stall lights up
 brighter when he uses a shorter wire.

Bulb Bulb
Shorter wire

Longer wire

Diagram 8.1 Diagram 8.2

Based on the above observation;
(a) State one suitable inference.
(b) State one suitable hypothesis.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as ammeter, voltmeter, constantan wire, metre rule and other apparatus,
describe an experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in 8(b).
In your description, state clearly the following:
(i) Aim of the experiment
(ii) Variables in the experiment
(iii) List of apparatus and materials
(iv) Arrangement of the apparatus
(v) The procedures of the experiment include the method of controlling the manipulated variable and the
method of measuring the responding variable
(vi) The way you would tabulate the data
(vii) The way you would analyse the data
Answer space:

9 Diagram 9.1 shows a substation in a residential area in Shah Alam. The number of turns of primary coil of the
transformer is 200 with the voltage of 450 V while the number of turns of secondary coil of the transformer is 107 with
the voltage of 240V.
Residential
area
132 kV

Power
station 450 V 240 V
25 kV Step-down
transformer
Step-up
transformer
Diagram 9.1
Based on the above observation;
(a) State one suitable inference.
(b) State one suitable hypothesis.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as iron core, voltmeter, bulb and other apparatus, describe an experiment
framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in 9(b).
In your description, state clearly the following:
(i) Aim of the experiment
(ii) Variables in the experiment
(iii) List of apparatus and materials
(iv) Arrangement of the apparatus
(v) The procedures of the experiment include the method of controlling the manipulated variable and the
method of measuring the responding variable
(vi) The way you would tabulate the data
(vii) The way you would analyse the data
Answer space:

END OF PAPER 3 MODULE