Table of keyboard shortcuts

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Contents

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• 1 Desktop shortcuts
o 1.1 Common
o 1.2 Documents
o 1.3 Text editing
o 1.4 Search
o 1.5 Web browsers
o 1.6 Go menu
o 1.7 Text formatting
o 1.8 Window management
o 1.9 Widget navigation
o 1.10 Tab management
o 1.11 Desktop navigation
o 1.12 Command line shortcuts
• 2 Notes

• 3 See also

DESKTOP SHORTCUTS

Below is a list of common keyboard shortcuts that are used in modern desktop environments: Microsoft
Windows, Mac OS, KDE and GNOME. These are shortcuts used to interact with the desktop environment, and
shortcuts commonly used in desktop applications. The Cmd key listed below for Mac OS systems is the
Command ⌘ (key on the right & left of space) key.

COMMON

SHORTCUTS COMMON TO MOST APPLICATIONS.

Windows
Action Mac OS KDE GNOME
XP/Windows Vista
File menu Alt-F Alt-F Alt-F
Edit menu Alt-E Alt-E Alt-E
View menu Alt-V Alt-V Alt-V
Undo the last operation Ctrl-Z Cmd-Z Ctrl-Z Ctrl-Z
Shift-Ctrl-
Redo the last operation Ctrl-Y Cmd-Shift-Z Shift-Ctrl-Z
Z
Cut the selected area and store it in the
Ctrl-X, Shift-Del Cmd-X Ctrl-X Ctrl-X
clipboard
Copy the selected area into the clipboard Ctrl-C, or Ctrl-Ins Cmd-C Ctrl-C Ctrl-C
Paste contents of clipboard at cursor Ctrl-V, or Shift-Ins Cmd-V Ctrl-V Ctrl-V
Select everything in focused control or
Ctrl-A Cmd-A Ctrl-A Ctrl-A
window
Delete
Delete selection Del Del Del
(Backspace)
Display the selected object's
Alt-Enter Cmd-I Alt-Enter
properties/information window.
Show help F1 F1 or Cmd-? F1 F1

DOCUMENTS
 Windows
Action Mac OS KDE GNOME
XP/Windows Vista
Create a new document Ctrl-N Cmd-N Ctrl-N Ctrl-N
Open a document Ctrl-O Cmd-O Ctrl-O Ctrl-O
Save the current document Ctrl-S Cmd-S Ctrl-S Ctrl-S
Print the current document Ctrl-P Cmd-P Ctrl-P Ctrl-P
Close the current document varies [1] Cmd-W Ctrl-W Ctrl-W
Cmd-Shift-= (Cmd-
Zoom in on the document Ctrl-Click Wheel (Scroll) Ctrl-Plus Ctrl-Plus
Plus) or Cmd-=
Ctrl-
Zoom out of the document Ctrl-Click Wheel (Scroll) Cmd-Minus Ctrl-Minus
Minus
Reload the current document, updating
F5, Ctrl-R Cmd-R F5 Ctrl-R
content from source if necessary

TEXT EDITING

Action Windows XP/Windows Vista Mac OS KDE GNOME

previous word Ctrl+← ⌥ Opt+←
next word Ctrl+→ ⌥ Opt+→
previous line break Ctrl+↑ ⌥ Opt+↑
next line break Ctrl+↓ ⌥ Opt+↓
selecting next word ⇧ Shift + Ctrl + → ⇧ Shift + ⌥ Opt + →
selecting previous word ⇧ Shift + Ctrl + ← ⇧ Shift + ⌥ Opt + ←

SEARCH

Action Windows XP/Windows Vista Mac OS KDE GNOME

Find matches in the current
document, highlighting them Ctrl+F ⌘ Cmd+F Ctrl+F Ctrl+F
in-place
/ (slash)
Incremental find [2]

Search for matches in ❖ Win+F (opens windows search), ❖ ⌘ Cmd+

multiple documents, files or Win (Vista only, opens Start menu with Space Ctrl+F
other external sources Start Search box focused) (Spotlight)
Find the next match F3 ⌘ Cmd+G Ctrl+G Ctrl+G
Find and replace matches Ctrl+H ⌘ Cmd+F [3] Ctrl+R Ctrl+H

WEB BROWSERS

Windows XP/Windows
Action Mac OS KDE GNOME
Vista
Bookmarks menu Alt-B Cmd-Opt-B Alt-B Alt-B
Add a bookmark for the current
Ctrl-D Cmd-D Ctrl-B Ctrl-D
location
Cmd-Opt-B
Manage bookmarks Ctrl-B Ctrl-B
(Safari)
Reload page from cache F5 Cmd+R Ctrl+R
Reload page bypassing cache Ctrl-F5 Ctrl+Shift+R

GO MENU

Windows XP/Windows
Action Mac OS KDE GNOME
Vista
Go to Browser Cmd-L
Cmd-[ or Cmd-
Go to the previous location in history Alt-Left or Backspace Alt-Left Alt-Left
Left
Cmd-] or Cmd-
Go to the next location in history Alt-Right Alt-Right Alt-Right
Right
Go up one level in the navigation
Backspace Cmd-up Alt-Up Alt-Up
hierarchy
 Go to the starting page defined by the Ctrl-
Cmd-Home Alt-Home
user or application Home

TEXT FORMATTING

Action Windows XP/Windows Vista Mac OS KDE GNOME

Make selected text bold/regular Ctrl-B Cmd-B Ctrl-B Ctrl-B
Toggle underlining of selected text Ctrl-U Cmd-U Ctrl-U Ctrl-U
Make selected text italic/regular Ctrl-I Cmd-I Ctrl-I Ctrl-I
Change to upper/lower case Shift-F3

WINDOW MANAGEMENT

Windows
Action XP/Windows Mac OS KDE GNOME
Vista
Alt-Tab, Shift-Alt- Cmd-tab, Alt-Tab, Shift-
Switch focused window Alt-Tab, Shift-Alt-Tab
Tab (reverse order) Shift-Cmd-Tab Alt-Tab
Switch focus to the next or Alt-Escape / Alt- Alt-Escape / Alt-Shift-
Ctrl-F4
previous window (without dialog) Shift-Escape Escape
Switch focus to the next or Ctrl-Alt-Tab, Shift-Ctrl-
previous panel on the desktop Alt-Tab
Switch focus to the next or Ctrl-Alt-Escape / Shift-
previous panel (without dialog) Ctrl-Alt-Escape
Pop up window menu Alt-Space Alt-F3 Alt-Space
Alt-F4 or Ctrl-F4 or
Close the focused window Cmd-W Alt-F4 Alt-F4
Alt-Space-c
Restore the focused to its
Alt-F5
previous size
Alt-Space, m,
Move the focused window Alt-F7
arrow keys
Alt-Space, s, arrow
Resize the focused window Alt-F8
keys
Minimize the focused window Alt-Space, n Cmd-M Win-Minus Alt-F9
Maximize the focused window Alt-Space, x Win-Plus Alt-F10
Maximize horizontally Win-Equal
Maximize vertically Win-Space
Minimize all Win-M Cmd-Alt-M Ctrl-Alt-D
Undo minimize all Win-Shift-M Ctrl-Alt-D
Switch fullscreen/normal size F11 F11
Show the window in full screen
Depends on
mode, with no border, menubar, Ctrl-Shift-F Ctrl-F11
application
toolbar or statusbar
Win-
Rollup/down window Cmd-M Alt-F12
Underscore
Move window to Shift-Alt-
left/right/up/down workspace Left/Right/Up/Down
Move window to desktop X Win-Alt-FX
Fn-Right / Fn- Win-Tab /
Switch to next/previous desktop
Left (Leopard) Win-Shift-Tab
Switch to next/previous desktop Ctrl-Tab /
list Ctrl-Shift-Tab
Go to desktop X Ctrl-(Shift)FX
Go to left/right/up/down Ctrl-Alt-
desktop Left/Right/Up/Down
Show / hide desktop Win-D F11 Ctrl-Alt-D Ctrl-Alt-D
Activate window demanding
Ctrl-Alt-A
attention
Alt-F4 or Ctrl-F4 Cmd-Alt- Ctrl-Alt-
Kill window
varies [1] Escape Escape
Close dialog Esc Esc
WIDGET NAVIGATION

Windows
Action XP/Windows Mac OS KDE GNOME
Vista
Moves keyboard focus to
Tab, Shift-Tab Tab, Shift-Tab Tab, Shift-Tab
next/previous control
Pop up tooltip for currently-
Shift-F1 Ctrl-F1
focused control
Show context-sensitive help for
currently-focused window or Shift-F1 Cmd-? Shift-F1 Shift-F1
control
Give focus to next/previous pane Ctrl-F6 or Alt-F6 Cmd-` F6, Shift-F6
Give focus to splitter bar in paned
F8
window
Give focus to window's menu bar F10 Ctrl-F2 Alt F10
Pop up contextual menu for
Shift-F10, Menu Menu Shift-F10
currently-selected objects
Toggle selected state of focused
checkbox, radio button, or toggle Space Space Space Space
button
Activate focused button, menu item
Enter Enter/Return Enter/Return Enter/Return
etc.
Select/move to first item in
Home, End Home, End
selected widget
PageUp, Ctrl-PageUp,
Scroll selected view by one page
PageDown, Ctrl-
up/left/down/right
PageDown

TAB MANAGEMENT

Windows
Action XP/Windows Mac OS KDE GNOME
Vista
Ctrl-Shift-N /
Create new tab Ctrl-T Cmd-T Ctrl-T
Ctrl-T
Cmd-{ or Cmd-Shift-Left,
Go to Ctrl-
Ctrl-Tab, Ctrl-Shift-Tab Cmd-} or Cmd-Shift-Right Ctrl-,/Ctrl-.
next/previous tab PageUp/PageDown
(Safari)

DESKTOP NAVIGATION

Windows
Action XP/Windows Mac OS KDE GNOME
Vista
Run new application Win-R Alt-F2 Alt-F2
Open new browser window Cmd-N (Non-default user option in
Ctrl-N
with same page as current Safari)
Start menu / Applications
Win, Ctrl-Esc Cmd-Shift-A Alt-F1 Alt-F1
menu
Copy a screenshot to Cmd-Ctrl-Shift-3 (Cmd-Shift-3 to Ctrl-
Ctrl-Print Screen Print
clipboard create as a file on the desktop) Print
Cmd-Ctrl-Shift-4 then Space
Copy a screenshot of
Alt-Print Screen (Cmd-Shift-4 to create as a file on Alt-Print Alt-Print
window to clipboard
the desktop)
Ctrl-Alt-
Lock desktop Win-L Ctrl-Alt-L
L
Ctrl-Alt-
Show desktop Win-D F11 Ctrl-Alt-D
D
Ctrl-Alt-
Switch active user Win-L [4]
L
Ctrl-Shift-Esc, Ctrl-Alt-
Task manager Cmd-Opt-Esc Ctrl-Esc
Del [5]
 Rename file F2 Enter F2 F2

COMMAND LINE SHORTCUTS

Below is a list of common keyboard shortcuts that are used in a command line environment.

Unix/Linux/Mac OS X
Action Windows (Cmd.exe)
(bash)
Scroll through History of typed
↑/↓ ↑/↓
commands
Signal end-of-file Ctrl+Z Ctrl+D
Signal break Ctrl+C Ctrl+C
Erase word to the left Ctrl+W
Erase line to the left Esc Ctrl+U
Erase line to the right Esc Ctrl+K
Move to beginning of line Home Ctrl+A
Move to end of line End Ctrl+E
Reverse search of history F7 Ctrl+R
Send current job to the background Ctrl+Z
Autocomplete command/file name Tab ⇆ (if enabled eg. via TweakUI) Tab ⇆ (usually twice)
Shutdown Shutdown -S shutdown
Restart Shutdown -R shutdown -r
Shutdown remote computer Shutdown -S -M \\computername

Keys on a computer keyboard

• Modifier key
o Control key
o Shift key
o Alt key / Option key (Macintosh)
o AltGr key
o Command key / Meta key (MIT computer keyboards)
o Windows key
o Fn key (compact keyboard layout)
• Dead key
o Compose key
• Lock key
o Scroll lock
o Num lock
o Caps lock
• Navigation keys
o Arrow keys
o Page scroll keys (Page up key / Page down key)
o Home key / End key
• Edit keys
o Return key / Enter key
o Backspace
o Insert key
o Delete key
o Tab key
• SysRq / Print screen
• Break key / Pause key
• Escape key
• Menu key
• Space bar
• Numeric keypad
• Function key
• Language input keys (on Japanese/Korean keyboards)
o Kanji key
o Conversion key
o Non-conversion key
o Half-width/Full-width key
o Hiragana/Katakana key
o Alphanumeric key
o Hancha key
o Han/Yong key
• Power management keys
o Power key
o Sleep key
o Wake key
• Internet keys:
o Internet (web browser) key.
o E-mail
• Multimedia keys:
o Volume keys or wheel (+/-/mute).
 LIST OF COMPUTER KEYBOARD SHORTCUT KEYS

Sl. Modifier LETTER

Nos. Keys KEYS
1 A
2 B
3 C
4 D
5 E
6 F
7 G
8 H
9 I
10 J
11 K
12 L
13 M
14 N
15 O
16 P
17 Q
18 R
19 S
20 T
21 U
22 V
23 W
24 X
25 Y
26 Z
NUMERICAL
KEYS
27 0
28 1
28 2
29 3
30 4
31 5
32 6
33 7
34 8
35 9
Function
 Keys
36 F1
37 F2
38 F3
39 F4
40 F5
41 F6
42 F7
43 F8
44 F9
45 F10
46 F11
47 F12
Special
Characters
Keys
48 `
49 ~
50 !
51 @
52 #
53 $
54 %
55 ^
56 &
57 *
58 (
59 )
60 -
61 _
62 +
63 =
64 \
65 |
66 [
67 ]
68 {
68 }
70 ;
71 :
72 ‘
73 "
74 .
75 ,
76 ?
77 /
Other
Keys
78 Spacebar
79 Backspace
80 Tab
81 Caps Lock
82 Esc
83 Windows
84 Mouse
85 Enter
86 Print Screen
87 Scroll Lock
88 Pause/Break
89 Num Lock
90 Insert
91 Delete
92 Home
93 End
94 Page Up
95 Page Down
96 Left Arrow
97 Right Arrow
98 Up Arrow
99 Down Arrow
 LIST OF COMPUTER KEYBOARD SHORTCUT KEYS
Sl. Modifier Modifier Modifier Modifier Modifier Modifier
KEYS KEYS
Nos. Keys Keys Keys Keys Keys Keys
1 A A
2 B B
3 C C
4 Ctrl+Shift D D
5 E E
6 F F
7 G G
8 H H
9 I I
10 J J
11 K K
12 L L
13 M M
14 N N
15 O O
16 P P
17 Q Q
18 R R
19 S S
20 T T
21 U U
22 V V
23 W W
24 X X
25 Y Y
26 Z Z
NUMERICAL KEYS
Modifier Modifier Modifier Modifier Modifier Modifier
KEYS KEYS
Keys Keys Keys Keys Keys Keys
27 0 0
28 1 1
28 2 2
29 3 3
30 4 4
31 5 5
32 6 6
33 7 7
34 8 8
35 9 9

FUNCTION KEYS
 Modifier Modifier Modifier Modifier Modifier Modifier
Keys Keys
Keys Keys Keys Keys Keys Keys
36 F1 F1
37 F2 F2
38 F3 F3
39 F4 F4
40 F5 F5
41 F6 F6
42 F7 F7
43 F8 F8
44 F9 F9
45 F10 F10
46 F11 F11
47 F12 F12
SPECIAL CHARACTERS KEYS
Modifier Modifier Modifier Modifier Modifier Modifier
Keys Keys
Keys Keys Keys Keys Keys Keys
48 ` `
49 ~ ~
50 ! !
51 @ @
52 # #
53 $ $
54 % %
55 ^ ^
56 & &
57 * *
58 ( (
59 ) )
60 - -
61 _ _
62 + +
63 = =
64 \ \
65 | |
66 [ [
67 ] ]
68 { {
68 } }
70 ; ;
71 : :
72 ‘ ‘
73 " "
 74 . .
75 , ,
76 ? ?
77 / /
SPECIAL OTHER KEYS
Modifier Modifier Modifier Modifier Modifier Other Other
Keys Keys Keys Keys Keys Keys Keys
78 Spacebar Spacebar
79 Backspace Backspace
80 Tab Tab
81 Caps Lock Caps Lock
82 Esc Esc
83 Windows Windows
84 Mouse Mouse
85 Enter Enter
86 Print Screen Print Screen
87 Scroll Lock Scroll Lock
88 Pause/Break Pause/Break
89 Num Lock Num Lock
90 Insert Insert
91 Delete Delete
92 Home Home
93 End End
94 Page Up Page Up
95 Page Down Page Down
96 Left Arrow Left Arrow
97 Right Arrow Right Arrow
98 Up Arrow Up Arrow
99 Down Arrow Down Arrow
 LIST OF COMPUTER KEYBOARD SHORTCUT KEYS
Sl.
Nos. KEYS CTRLS KEYS KEYS KEYS KEYS KEYS KEYS KEYS KEYS KEYS
1 A A A A A A A A A A A A
2 B B B B B B B B B B B B
3 C C C C C C C C C C C C
4 D D D D D D D D D D D D
5 E E E E E E E E E E E E
6 F F F F F F F F F F F F
7 G G G G G G G G G G G G
8 H H H H H H H H H H H H
9 I I I I I I I I I I I I
10 J J J J J J J J J J J J
11 K K K K K K K K K K K K
12 L L L L L L L L L L L L
13 M M M M M M M M M M M M
14 N N N N N N N N N N N N
15 O O O O O O O O O O O O
16 P P P P P P P P P P P P
17 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
18 R R R R R R R R R R R R
19 S S S S S S S S S S S S
20 T T T T T T T T T T T T
21 U U U U U U U U U U U U
22 V V V V V V V V V V V V
23 W W W W W W W W W W W W
24 X X X X X X X X X X X X
25 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
26 Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z
KEYS KEYS KEYS KEYS KEYS KEYS KEYS KEYS KEYS KEYS KEYS KEYS
27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
28 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
28 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
29 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
30 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
31 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
32 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
33 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
34 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
35 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

Keys Keys
 36 F1 F1
37 F2 F2
38 F3 F3
39 F4 F4
40 F5 F5
41 F6 F6
42 F7 F7
43 F8 F8
44 F9 F9
45 F10 F10
46 F11 F11
47 F12 F12
SPECIAL CHARACTERS KEYS
Keys Keys
48 ` `
49 ~ ~
50 ! !
51 @ @
52 # #
53 $ $
54 % %
55 ^ ^
56 & &
57 * *
58 ( (
59 ) )
60 - -
61 _ _
62 + +
63 = =
64 \ \
65 | |
66 [ [
67 ] ]
68 { {
68 } }
70 ; ;
71 : :
72 ‘ ‘
73 " "
74 . .
75 , ,
 76 ? ?
77 / /
SPECIAL OTHER KEYS
Other Other
Keys Keys
78 Spacebar Spacebar
79 Backspace Backspace
80 Tab Tab
81 Caps Lock Caps Lock
82 Esc Esc
83 Windows Windows
84 Mouse Mouse
85 Enter Enter
86 Print Screen Print Screen
87 Scroll Lock Scroll Lock
88 Pause/Break Pause/Break
89 Num Lock Num Lock
90 Insert Insert
91 Delete Delete
92 Home Home
93 End End
94 Page Up Page Up
95 Page Down Page Down
96 Left Arrow Left Arrow
97 Right Arrow Right Arrow
98 Up Arrow Up Arrow
99 Down Arrow Down Arrow
 LIST OF COMPUTER KEYBOARD SHORTCUT KEYS
SHIFT CTRL ALT SHIFT SHIFT ALT ALT CTRL CTRL ALT SHIFT CTRL LETTER LETTER
Sl.
ALT CTRL SHIFT CTRL SHIFT ALT KEYS KEYS
Nos.

1 A A

2 B B

3 C C

4 D D

5 E E

6 F F

7 G G

8 H H

9 I I

10 J J

11 K K

12 L L

13 M M

14 N N

15 O O

16 P P

17 Q Q

18 R R

19 S S

20 T T

21 U U

22 V V

23 W W

24 X X

25 Y Y

26 Z Z

27 0 0

28 1 1

28 2 2

29 3 3

30 4 4

31 5 5

32 6 6

33 7 7
34 8 8

35 9 9

36 F1 F1

37 F2 F2

38 F3 F3

39 F4 F4

40 F5 F5

41 F6 F6

42 F7 F7

43 F8 F8

44 F9 F9

45 F10 F10

46 F11 F11

47 F12 F12

48 ` `

49 ~ ~

50 ! !

51 @ @

52 # #

53 $ $

54 % %

55 ^ ^

56 & &

57 * *

58 ( (

59 ) )

60 - -

61 _ _

62 + +

63 = =

64 \ \

65 | |

66 [ [

67 ] ]

68 { {

68 } }
70 ; ;

71 : :

72 ‘ ‘

73 " "

74 . .

75 , ,

76 ? ?

77 / /

78 Spacebar Spacebar

79 Backspace Backspace

80 Tab Tab

81 Caps Lock Caps Lock

82 Esc Esc

83 Windows Windows

84 Mouse Mouse

85 Enter Enter

86 Print Screen Print Screen

87 Scroll Lock Scroll Lock

88 Pause/Break Pause/Break

89 Num Lock Num Lock

90 Insert Insert

91 Delete Delete

92 Home Home

93 End End

94 Page Up Page Up

95 Page Down Page Down

96 Left Arrow Left Arrow

97 Right Arrow Right Arrow

98 Up Arrow Up Arrow

99 Down Arrow Down Arrow