Sampling of special law provisions dealing with criminal liability of corporations

RA 8799, Securities Regulation Code

Section 73. Penalties. – Any person who violates any of the provisions of this Code, or the rules
and regulations promulgated by the Commission under authority thereof, or any person who, in
a registration statement filed under this Code, makes any untrue statement of a material fact or
omits to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the
statements therein not misleading, shall, upon conviction, suffer a fine of not less than Fifty
thousand pesos (P50,000.00) nor more than Five million pesos (P5,000,000.00) or
imprisonment of not less than seven (7) years nor more than twenty-one (21) years, or both in
the discretion of the court. If the offender is a corporation, partnership or association or other
juridical entity, the penalty may in the discretion of the court be imposed upon such juridical
entity and upon the officer or officers of the corporation, partnership, association or entity
responsible for the violation, and if such officer is an alien, he shall in addition to the penalties
prescribed, be deported without further proceedings after service of sentence.

RA 8293, Intellectual Property Code

Section 217. Criminal Penalties. - 217.1. Any person infringing any right secured by provisions
of Part IV of this Act or aiding or abetting such infringement shall be guilty of a crime punishable
by:

(a) Imprisonment of one (1) year to three (3) years plus a fine ranging from Fifty thousand pesos
(P50,000) to One hundred fifty thousand pesos (P150,000) for the first offense.

(b) Imprisonment of three (3) years and one (1) day to six (6) years plus a fine ranging from One
hundred fifty thousand pesos (P150,000) to Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000) for the
second offense.

(c) Imprisonment of six (6) years and one (1) day to nine (9) years plus a fine ranging from five
hundred thousand pesos (P500,000) to One million five hundred thousand pesos (P1,500,000)
for the third and subsequent offenses.

(d) In all cases, subsidiary imprisonment in cases of insolvency.

Section 170. Penalties. - Independent of the civil and administrative sanctions imposed by law,
a criminal penalty of imprisonment from two (2) years to five (5) years and a fine ranging from
Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000) to Two hundred thousand pesos (P200,000), shall be imposed
on any person who is found guilty of committing any of the acts mentioned in Section 155,
Section 168 and Subsection 169.1. (Arts. 188 and 189, Revised Penal Code)

RA 10175, Cybercrime

Section 9. Corporate Liability. — When any of the punishable acts herein defined are knowingly
committed on behalf of or for the benefit of a juridical person, by a natural person acting either
individually or as part of an organ of the juridical person, who has a leading position within,
based on: (a) a power of representation of the juridical person provided the act committed falls
within the scope of such authority; (b) an authority to take decisions on behalf of the juridical
person: Provided, That the act committed falls within the scope of such authority; or (c) an
authority to exercise control within the juridical person, the juridical person shall be held liable
for a fine equivalent to at least double the fines imposable in Section 7 up to a maximum of Ten
million pesos (PhP10,000,000.00).

If the commission of any of the punishable acts herein defined was made possible due to the
lack of supervision or control by a natural person referred to and described in the preceding
paragraph, for the benefit of that juridical person by a natural person acting under its authority,
the juridical person shall be held liable for a fine equivalent to at least double the fines
imposable in Section 7 up to a maximum of Five million pesos (PhP5,000,000.00).

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The liability imposed on the juridical person shall be without prejudice to the criminal liability of
the natural person who has committed the offense.

RA 10667, Philippine Competition Act

SEC. 30. Criminal Penalties. – An entity that enters into any anti-competitive agreement as
covered by Chapter III, Section 14(a) and 14(b) under this Act shall, for each and every violation,
be penalized by imprisonment from two (2) to seven (7) years, and a fine of not less than fifty
million pesos (P50,000,000.00) but not more than two hundred fifty million pesos
(P250,000,000.00). The penalty of imprisonment shall be imposed upon the responsible officers,
and directors of the entity.

When the entities involved are juridical persons, the penalty of imprisonment shall be imposed
on its officers, directors, or employees holding managerial positions, who are knowingly and
willfully responsible for such violation.

RA 9160, Anti-Money Laundering Act

Sec. 14. Penal Provisions. – x x x.

If the offender is a corporation, association, partnership or any juridical person, the penalty shall
be imposed upon the responsible officers, as the case may be, who participated in, or allowed
by their gross negligence, the commission of the crime. If the offender is a juridical person, the
court may suspend or revoke its license. If the offender is an alien, he shall, in addition to the
penalties herein prescribed, be deported without further proceedings after serving the penalties
herein prescribed. If the offender is a public official or employee, he shall, in addition to the
penalties prescribed herein, suffer perpetual or temporary absolute disqualification from office,
as the case may be.

RA 10173, Data Privacy Act

Section 34. Extent of Liability. – If the offender is a corporation, partnership or any juridical
person, the penalty shall be imposed upon the responsible officers, as the case may be, who
participated in, or by their gross negligence, allowed the commission of the crime. If the offender
is a juridical person, the court may suspend or revoke any of its rights under this Act. If the
offender is an alien, he or she shall, in addition to the penalties herein prescribed, be deported
without further proceedings after serving the penalties prescribed. If the offender is a public
official or employee and lie or she is found guilty of acts penalized under Sections 27 and 28 of
this Act, he or she shall, in addition to the penalties prescribed herein, suffer perpetual or
temporary absolute disqualification from office, as the case may be.

RA 8791, General Banking Law

SEC. 66. Penalty for Violation of this Act. – Unless otherwise herein provided, the violation of
any of the provisions of this Act shall be subject to Sections 34, 35, 36 and 37 of the New
Central Bank Act. If the offender is a director or officer of a bank, quasi-bank or trust entity, the
Monetary Board may also suspend or remove such director or officer. If the violation is
committed by a corporation, such corporation may be dissolved by quo warranto proceedings
instituted by the Solicitor General.

RA 7653, New Central Bank Act

Sec. 36. Proceedings Upon Violation of This Act and Other Banking Laws, Rules, Regulations,
Orders or Instructions. - Whenever a bank or quasi-bank, or whenever any person or entity
willfully violates this Act or other pertinent banking laws being enforced or implemented by the
Bangko Sentral or any order, instruction, rule or regulation issued by the Monetary Board, the

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person or persons responsible for such violation shall unless otherwise provided in this Act be
punished by a fine of not less than Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000) nor more than Two hundred
thousand pesos (P200,000) or by imprisonment of not less than two (2) years nor more than ten
(10) years, or both, at the discretion of the court.

Whenever a bank or quasi-bank persists in carrying on its business in an unlawful or unsafe

manner, the Board may, without prejudice to the penalties provided in the preceding paragraph
of this section and the administrative sanctions provided in Sec. 37 of this Act, take action under
Sec. 30 of this Act.

BP 22, Bouncing Checks Law

Where the check is drawn by a corporation, company or entity, the person or persons who
actually signed the check in behalf of such drawer shall be liable under this Act.

PD 115, Trust Receipts Law

Section 13. Penalty clause. The failure of an entrustee to turn over the proceeds of the sale of
the goods, documents or instruments covered by a trust receipt to the extent of the amount
owing to the entruster or as appears in the trust receipt or to return said goods, documents or
instruments if they were not sold or disposed of in accordance with the terms of the trust receipt
shall constitute the crime of estafa, punishable under the provisions of Article Three hundred
and fifteen, paragraph one (b) of Act Numbered Three thousand eight hundred and fifteen, as
amended, otherwise known as the Revised Penal Code. If the violation or offense is committed
by a corporation, partnership, association or other juridical entities, the penalty provided for in
this Decree shall be imposed upon the directors, officers, employees or other officials or
persons therein responsible for the offense, without prejudice to the civil liabilities arising from
the criminal offense.

RA 8049; Anti-Hazing Law

Section 4. X x x .

The officers, former officers, or alumni of the organization, group, fraternity or sorority who
actually planned the hazing although not present when the acts constituting the hazing were
committed shall be liable as principals. A fraternity or sorority's adviser who is present when the
acts constituting the hazing were committed and failed to take action to prevent the same from
occurring shall be liable as principal.

The presence of any person during the hazing is prima facie evidence of participation therein as
principal unless he prevented the commission of the acts punishable herein.

Any person charged under this provision shall not be entitled to the mitigating circumstance that
there was no intention to commit so grave a wrong.

This section shall apply to the president, manager, director or other responsible officer of a
corporation engaged in hazing as a requirement for employment in the manner provided herein.

RA 8042, Illegal recruitment

SECTION 11. Persons Responsible. – The persons criminally liable for the above offenses are
the principals, accomplices and accessories. In case of juridical persons, the officers having
control, management or direction of their business shall be liable.

RA 7394, Consumer Act

Article 19. Penalties. – a) Any person who shall violate any provision of Article 18 shall upon

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conviction, be subject to a fine of not less than One thousand pesos (P1,000.00) but not more
than Ten thousand pesos (P10,000.00) or imprisonment of not less than two (2) months but not
more than one (1) year, or both upon the discretion of the court. If the offender is an alien, he
shall be deported after service of sentence and payment of fine without further deportation
proceedings.

b) In case the offender is a naturalized citizen, he shall, in addition to the penalty prescribed
herein, suffer the penalty of cancellation of his naturalization certificate and its registration in the
civil register and immediate deportation after service of sentence and payment of fine.

c) Any director, officer or agent of a corporation who shall authorize, order or perform any of the
acts or practices constituting in whole or in part a violation of Article 18, and who has knowledge
or notice of noncompliance received by the corporation from the concerned department, shall be
subject to penalties to which that corporation may be subject.

In case the violation is committed by, or in the interest of a foreign juridical person duly licensed
to engage in business in the Philippines, such license to engage in business in the Philippines
shall immediately be revoked.

Article 41. Penalties. – a) Any person who violates any of the provisions of Article 40 hereof
shall, upon conviction, be subject to imprisonment of not less than one (1) year but not more
than five (5) years, or a fine of not less than Five thousand pesos (P5,000.00) but not more than
Ten thousand pesos (P10,000.00), or both such imprisonment and fine, in the discretion of the
Court.

Should the offense be committed by a juridical person, the Chairman of the Board of Directors,
the President, General Manager, or the partners and/or the persons directly responsible therefor
shall be penalized.

b) No person shall be subject to the penalties of sub-article (a) of this Article for (1) having sold,
offered for sale or transferred any product and delivered it, if such delivery was made in good
faith, unless he refuses to furnish on request of the Department, the name and address of the
person from whom he purchased or received such product and copies of all documents, if any
there be, pertaining to the delivery of the product to him; (2) having violated Article 40 (a) if he
established a guaranty or undertaking signed by, and containing the name and address of, the
person residing in the Philippines from whom he received in good faith the product, or (3) having
violated Article 40 (a), where the violation exists because the product is adulterated by reason of
containing a color other than the permissible one under regulations promulgated by the
Department in this Act, if such person establishes a guaranty or undertaking signed by, and
containing the name and address, of the manufacturer of the color, to the effect that such color
is permissible, under applicable regulations promulgated by the Department in this Act.

Article 107. Penalties. – Any person who shall violate any provision of this Chapter or its
implementing rules and regulations with respect to any consumer product which is not food,
cosmetic, or hazardous substance shall upon conviction, be subject to a fine of not less than
Five thousand pesos (P5,000.00) and by imprisonment of not more than one (1) year or both
upon the discretion of the court.

In case of juridical persons, the penalty shall be imposed upon its president, manager or head. If
the offender is an alien, he shall, after payment of fine and service of sentence, be deported
without further deportation proceedings.

Article 123. Penalties. – a) any person, association, partnership or corporation who shall
violate any of the provisions of Articles 110 to 115 shall, upon conviction, be subject to a fine of
not less than Five Hundred Pesos (P500.00) but not more than Five thousand pesos
(P5,000.00) or an imprisonment of not less than one (1) month but not more than (6) months or
both upon the discretion of the court.

b) Any violation of the provisions of Articles 116 to 121 shall, upon conviction, subject the
offenders to a fine of not less than Two hundred pesos (P200.00) but not more than Six hundred
pesos (P600.00) or an imprisonment of not less than one (1) month but not more than six (6)
months or both upon the discretion of the court. If the violation was committed by a juridical

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person, the manager, representative, director, agent or employee of said juridical person
responsible for the act shall be deported after service of sentence and payment of the fine
without need for further deportation proceedings.

RA 10168, Terrorism financing

SEC. 9. Offense by a Juridical Person, Corporate Body or Alien. - If the offender is a

corporation, association, partnership or any juridical person, the penalty shall be imposed upon
the responsible officers, as the case may be, who participated in, or allowed by their gross
negligence, the commission of the crime or who shall have knowingly permitted or failed to
prevent its commission. If the offender is a juridical person, the court may suspend or revoke its
license. If the offender is an alien, the alien shall, in addition to the penalties herein prescribed;
be deported without further proceedings after serving the penalties herein prescribed.

RA 9995, Anti-Voyeurism

Section 5. Penalties. - The penalty of imprisonment of not less that three (3) years but not more
than seven (7) years and a fine of not less than One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00)
but not more than Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00), or both, at the discretion of the
court shall be imposed upon any person found guilty of violating Section 4 of this Act.

If the violator is a juridical person, its license or franchise shall be automatically be deemed
revoked and the persons liable shall be the officers thereof including the editor and reporter in
the case of print media, and the station manager, editor and broadcaster in the case of a
broadcast media.

X x x.

RA 9165, Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Law

Sec. 30. Criminal Liability of Officers of Partnerships, Corporations, Associations or Other

Juridical Entities. In case any violation of this Act is committed by a partnership, corporation,
association or any juridical entity, the partner, president, director, manager, trustee, estate
administrator, or officer who consents to or knowingly tolerates such violation shall be held
criminally liable as a co-principal.

The penalty provided for the offense under this Act shall be imposed upon the partner, president,
director, manager, trustee, estate administrator, or officer who knowingly authorizes, tolerates or
consents to the use of a vehicle, vessel, aircraft, equipment or other facility, as an instrument in
the importation, sale, trading, administration, dispensation, delivery, distribution, transportation
or manufacture of dangerous drugs, or chemical diversion, if such vehicle, vessel, aircraft,
equipment or other instrument is owned by or under the control or supervision of the partnership,
corporation, association or juridical entity to which they are affiliated.

RA 10607, Revised Insurance Code

SEC. 442. Any person, company or corporation subject to the supervision and control of the
Commissioner who violates any provision of this Code, for which no penalty is provided, shall be
deemed guilty of a penal offense, and upon conviction be punished by a fine not exceeding Two
hundred thousand pesos (P200,000.00) or imprisonment of six (6) months, or both, at the
discretion of the court.

If the offense is committed by a company or corporation, the officers, directors, or other persons
responsible for its operation, management, or administration, unless it can be proved that they
have taken no part in the commission of the offense, shall likewise be guilty of a penal offense,
and upon conviction be punished by a fine not exceeding Two hundred thousand pesos
(P200,000.00) or imprisonment of six (6) months, or both, at the discretion of the court.

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Secrecy of bank deposits

Act 1405, Sec. 5. Any violation of this law will subject offender upon conviction, to an
imprisonment of not more than five years or a fine of not more than twenty thousand pesos or
both, in the discretion of the court.

RA 6426, SECTION 10. Penal Provisions. — Any willful violation of this Act or any regulation
duly promulgated by the Monetary Board pursuant hereto shall subject the offender upon
conviction to an imprisonment of not less than one year nor more than five years or a fine of not
less than five thousand pesos nor more than twenty-five thousand pesos, or both such fine and
imprisonment at the discretion of the court.

RA 9994, Senior Citizens Act

Article 24. PENALTIES - Any person who refuses to honor the senior citizen card or violates
any provision of the Act and its Rules shall suffer the following penalties:

Section 1. For the first violation, a fine of not less than Fifty thousand pesos (Php 50,000.00)
but not exceeding One hundred thousand pesos (Php 100,000.00) and imprisonment for not
less than two (2) years but not more than six (6) years; and

Section 2. For any subsequent violation, a fine of not less than One hundred thousand pesos
(Php 100,000.00) but not exceeding Two hundred thousand pesos (Php 200,000.00) and
imprisonment for not less than two (2) years but not more than six (6) years.

Section 3. Any person who abuses the privileges granted herein shall be punished with a fine of
not less than fifty thousand pesos (Php 50,000.00) but not more than One hundred thousand
pesos (Php 100,000.00) and imprisonment of not less than six (6) months.

Section 4. If the offender is an alien or a foreigner, he/she shall be deported immediately after
service of sentence without further deportation proceedings.

Section 5. If the offender is a corporation, partnership, organization or any similar entity the
officials thereof directly involved such as the president, general manager, managing partner, or
such other officer charged with the management of the business affairs shall be liable therefor.

Section 6. Upon filing of an appropriate complaint, and after due notice and hearing, the proper
authorities may also cause the cancellation or revocation of the business permit, permit to
operate, franchise and other similar privileges granted to any person, establishment or business
entity that fails to abide by the provisions of the Act and these Rules.

RA 9442, Magna Carta for Persons with Disability

SEC. 46. Penal Clause. -

(a) Any person who violates any provision of this Act shall suffer the following penalties:

(1) For the first violation, a fine of not less than Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00) but not
exceeding One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) or imprisonment of not less than six
months but not more than two years, or both at the discretion of the court; and

(2) For any subsequent violation, a fine of not less than One hundred thousand pesos
(P100,000.00) but not exceeding Two hundred thousand pesos (P200,000.00) or imprisonment
for not less than two years but not more than six years, or both at the discretion of the court.

(b) Any person who abuses the privileges granted herein shall be punished with imprisonment
of not less than six months or a fine of not less than Five thousand pesos (P5,000.00), but not
more than Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00), or both, at the discretion of the court.

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(c) If the violator is a corporation organization or any similar entity, the officials thereof directly
involved shall be liable therefore.

(d) If the violator is an alien or a foreigner, he shall be deported immediately after service of
sentence without further deportation proceedings.

Upon filing of an appropriate complaint, and after notice and hearing the proper authorities may
also cause the cancellation or revocation of the business permit, permit to operate, franchise
and other similar privileges granted to any business entity that fails to abide by the provisions of
this Act.

BP 344, Mobility of Disabled Persons

SECTION 4. Any person violating any provision of this Act or of the rules and regulations
promulgated hereunder shall, upon conviction by a court of competent jurisdiction, suffer the
penalty of imprisonment of not less than one month but not more than one year or a fine of
P2,000 to P5,000 or both, at the discretion of the court: Provided, That in the case of
corporations, partnerships, cooperatives or associations, the president, manager or
administrator, or the person who has charge of the construction, repair or renovation of the
buildings, space or utilities shall be criminally responsible for any violation of this Act and/or
rules and regulations promulgated pursuant thereto.

RA 9439, Hospital Detention

SEC. 3. Any officer or employee of the hospital or medical clinic responsible for releasing
patients, who violates the provisions of this Act shall be punished by a fine of not less than
Twenty thousand pesos (P20,000.00), but not more than Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00), or
imprisonment of not less than one month, but not more than six months, or both such fine and
imprisonment, at the discretion of the proper court.

RA 10932, Anti-Hospital Deposit

Sec. 4. Any official, medical practitioner or employee of the hospital or medical clinic who
violates the provisions of this Act shall, upon conviction by final judgment, be punished by
imprisonment of not less than six (6) months and one (1) day but not more than two (2) years
and four (4) months, or a fine of not less than One hundred thousand pesos (₱100,000.00), but
not more than Three hundred thousand pesos (₱300,000.00) or both, at the discretion of the
court: Provided, however, That if such violation was committed pursuant to an established policy
of the hospital or clinic or upon instruction of its management, the director or officer of such
hospital or clinic responsible for the formulation and implementation of such policy shall, upon
conviction by final judgment, suffer imprisonment of four (4) to six (6) years, or a fine of not less
than Five hundred thousand pesos (₱500,000.00), but not more than One million pesos
(₱1,000,000.00) or both, at the discretion of the court, without prejudice to damages that may be
awarded to the patient-complainant: Provided, further, That upon three (3) repeated violations
committed pursuant to an established policy of the hospital or clinic or upon the instruction of its
management, the health facility’s license to operate shall be revoked by the DOH. The president,
chairman, board of directors, or trustees, and other officers of the health facility shall be
solidarily liable for damages that may be awarded by the court to the patient-complainant.

RA 7832, Electric Pilferage

If the offense is committed by, or in connivance with an officer or employee of the electric utility
concerned, such officer or employee shall, upon conviction, be punished with a penalty one (1)
degree higher than the penalty provided herein, and forthwith be dismissed and perpetually
disqualified from employment in any public or private utility or service company. Likewise, the
electric utility concerned which shall have knowingly permitted or having knowledge of its
commission shall have failed to prevent the same, or was otherwise guilty of negligence in
connection with the commission thereof, shall be made to pay a fine not exceeding triple the

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amount of the 'differential billing' subject to the discretion of the courts.

If the violation is committed by a partnership, firm, corporation, association or any other legal
entity, including a government-owned or -controlled corporation, the penalty shall be imposed
on the president, manager and each of the officers thereof who shall have knowingly permitted,
failed to prevent or was otherwise responsible for the commission of the offense.

RA 10611, Food Safety Act

Section 38. Penalty. – Any person who shall violate any provision of this Act shall suffer the
penalties provided hereunder:

(a) For the first conviction, a fine of not less than Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00) but not
more than One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) and suspension of appropriate
authorization for one (1) month shall be imposed;

(b) For the second conviction, a fine of not less than One hundred thousand pesos
(P100,000.00) but not more than Two hundred thousand pesos (P200,000.00) and suspension
of appropriate authorization for three (3) months shall be imposed;

(c) For the third conviction, a line of not less than Two hundred thousand pesos (P200,000.00)
but not more than Three hundred thousand pesos (P300,000.00) and suspension of appropriate
authorization for six (6) months shall be imposed;

(d) For violation resulting in slight physical injury of a person, upon conviction, a line of not less
than Two hundred thousand pesos (P200,000.00) but not more than Three hundred thousand
pesos (P300,000.00) and suspension of appropriate authorization for six (6) months shall be
imposed. The offender shall also pay the hospitalization and rehabilitation cost of a person;

(e) For violation resulting in less serious or serious physical injury of a person, upon conviction,
a line of not less than Two hundred thousand pesos (P200,000.00) but not more than Three
hundred thousand pesos (P300,000.00) and suspension of appropriate authorization for one (1)
year shall be imposed. The offender shall also pay the hospitalization and rehabilitation cost of a
person;

(f) For violation resulting in death of a person, upon conviction, the penalty of imprisonment of
not less than six (6) months and one (1) day but not more than six (6) years and one (1) day
and a line of not less than Three hundred thousand pesos (P300,000.00) but not more than Five
hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) and permanent revocation of appropriate authorization
to operate a food business shall be imposed.

If the offender does not have the appropriate authorization, the imposable fines shall be doubled.

If the offender is a government personnel, in addition to the penalty prescribed herein, said
personnel shall be subjected to the appropriate civil service laws.

If the offender is a naturalized citizen, in addition to the penalty prescribed herein, the
naturalization certificate and the registration in the civil registry of said citizen shall be cancelled.
Immediate deportation after payment of line and service of sentence shall also be imposed.

If the offender is an alien, said alien shall be summarily deported after payment of fine and
service of sentence and perpetually barred from entering the country.

Any director, officer or agent of a corporation who shall authorize, order or perform any of the
acts or practices constituting in whole or in part a violation of Section 37 hereof, and who has
knowledge or notice of noncompliance received by the corporation from the concerned
department, shall be subjected to the penalties under this section.

In case the violation is committed by, or in the interest of a foreign juridical person duly licensed
to engage in business in the Philippines, such license to engage in business in the Philippines
shall immediately be revoked.

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R.A. 10591, Comprehensive Firearms & Ammunitions Regulation Act

Section 30. Liability of Juridical Person. – The penalty of prision mayor in its minimum to prision
mayor in its medium period shall be imposed upon the owner, president, manager, director or
other responsible officer of/any public or private firm, company, corporation or entity who shall
willfully or knowingly allow any of the firearms owned by such firm, company, corporation or
entity to be used by any person or persons found guilty of violating the provisions of the
preceding section, or willfully or knowingly allow any of them to use unregistered firearm or
firearms without any legal authority to be carried outside of their residence in the course of their
employment.

Section 32. Unlawful Manufacture, Importation, Sale or Disposition of Firearms or Ammunition

or Parts Thereof, Machinery, Tool or Instrument Used or Intended to be Used in the
Manufacture of Firearms, Ammunition or Parts Thereof. – The penalty of reclusion temporal to
reclusion perpetua shall be imposed upon any person who shall unlawfully engage in the
manufacture, importation, sale or disposition of a firearm or ammunition, or a major part of a
firearm or ammunition, or machinery, tool or instrument used or intended to be used by the
same person in the manufacture of a firearm, ammunition, or a major part thereof.

The possession of any machinery, tool or instrument used directly in the manufacture of
firearms, ammunition, or major parts thereof by any person whose business, employment or
activity does not lawfully deal with the possession of such article, shall be prima facie evidence
that such article is intended to be used in the unlawful or illegal manufacture of firearms,
ammunition or parts thereof.

The penalty of prision mayor in its minimum period to prision mayor in its medium period shall
be imposed upon any laborer, worker or employee of a licensed firearms dealer who shall
unlawfully take, sell or otherwise dispose of parts of firearms or ammunition which the company
manufactures and sells, and other materials used by the company in the manufacture or sale of
firearms or ammunition. The buyer or possessor of such stolen part or material, who is aware
that such part or material was stolen, shall suffer the same penalty as the laborer, worker or
employee.

If the violation or offense is committed by a corporation, partnership, association or other

juridical entity, the penalty provided for in this section shall be imposed upon the directors,
officers, employees or other officials or persons therein who knowingly and willingly participated
in the unlawful act.

Clean Water Act

SECTION 28. Fines, Damages and Penalties. - Unless otherwise provided herein, any person
who commits any of the prohibited acts provided in the immediately preceding section or
violates any of the provision of this Act or its implementing rules and regulations, shall be fined
by the Secretary, upon the recommendation of the PAB in the amount of not less than Ten
thousand pesos (P10,000.00) nor more than Two hundred thousand pesos (P200,000.00) for
every day of violation. The fines herein prescribed shall be increased by ten percent (10%)
every two (2) years to compensate for inflation and to maintain the deterrent function of such
fines: Provided, That the Secretary, upon recommendation of the PAB may order the closure,
suspension of development or construction, or cessation of operations or, where appropriate
disconnection of water supply, until such time that proper environmental safeguards are put in
place and/or compliance with this Act or its rules and regulations are undertaken. This
paragraph shall be without prejudice to the issuance of an ex parte order for such closure,
suspension of development or construction, or cessation of operations during the pendency of
the case.

Failure to undertake clean-up operations, willfully, or through gross negligence, shall be

punished by imprisonment of not less than two (2) years and not more than four (4) years and a
fine not less than Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00) and not more than One hundred thousand
pesos (P100,000.00) per day for each day of violation. Such failure or refusal which results in

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serious injury or loss of life and/or irreversible water contamination of surface, ground, coastal
and marine water shall be punished with imprisonment of not less than six (6) years and one
day and not more than twelve (12) years, and a fine of Five Hundred Thousand Pesos
(P500,000.00) per day for each day during which the omission and/or contamination continues.

In case of gross violation of this Act, the PAB shall issue a resolution recommending that the
proper government agencies file criminal charges against the violators. Gross violation shall
mean any of the following: a) deliberate discharge of toxic pollutants identified pursuant to
Republic Act No.6969 in toxic amounts; b) five {5) or more violations within a period of two (2)
years; or c) blatant disregard of the orders of the PAB, such as the non-payment of fines,
breaking of seals or operating despite the existence of an order for closure, discontinuance or
cessation of operation.

In which case, offenders shall be punished with a fine of not less than Five hundred thousand
pesos (P500,000.00) but not more than Three million pesos (P3,000,000.00} per day for each
day of violation or imprisonment of not less than six {6) years but not more than ten {10) years,
or both, at the discretion of the court. If the offender is a juridical person, the president, manager
and the pollution control officer or the official in charge of the operation shall suffer the penalty
herein provided.

For violations falling under Section 4 of Presidential Decree No.979 or any regulations
prescribed in pursuance thereof, such person shall be liable for a fine of no1 less than Fifty
thousand pesos {P50,000.00) nor more than One million pesos (P1,000,000.00) or by
imprisonment of not less than one {1) year nor more than six (6) years or both, for each offense,
without prejudice to the civil liability of the offender in accordance with existing laws. If the
offender is a juridical entity, then its officers, directors, agents or any person primarily
responsible shall be held liable: Provided, That any vessel from which oil or other harmful
substances are discharged in violation of Section 4 of Presidential Decree No.979 shall be liable
for penalty of fine specified in the immediately preceding paragraph and clearance of such
vessel from the port of the Philippines may be withheld until the fine is paid and such penalty
shall constitute a lien on such vessel which may be recovered in proceedings by libel in rem in
the proper court which the vessel may be. The owner or operator of a vessel or facility which
discharged the oil or other harmful substances will be liable to pay for any clean-up costs.

Provided, finally, That water pollution cases involving acts or omissions --- committed within the
Laguna Lake Region shall be dealt with in accordance with the procedure under R. A. No.4850
as amended.

Clean Air Act

SEC. 47. Fines and Penalties for Violations of Other Provisions in the Act.- For violations of all
other provisions provided in this Act and of the rules and regulations thereof, a fine of not less
than Ten thousand pesos (P10,000) but not more than One Hundred thousand Pesos
(P100,000) or six (6) months to six (6) years imprisonment or both shall be imposed. If the
offender is a juridical person, the president, manager, directors, trustees, the pollution control
officer or the officials directly in charge of the operations shall suffer the penalty herein provided.

SEC. 48. Gross Violations.- In case of gross violation of this Act or its implementing rules and
regulations, the PAB shall recommend to the proper government agencies to file the appropriate
criminal charges against the violators. The PAB shall assist the public prosecutor in the litigation
of the case. Gross violation shall mean: [a] three (3) or more specific offenses within a period of
one (1) year; [b] three (3) or more specific offenses with three (3) consecutive years; [c] blatant
disregard of the orders of the PAB, such s but not limited to the breaking of seal, padlocks and
other similar devices, or operation despite the existence of an order for closure, discontinuance
or cessation of operation; and [d] irreparable or grave damage to the environment as
a consequence of any violation of the provisions of this Act.

Offenders shall be punished with imprisonment of not less than six (6) years but not more than
ten (10) years at the discretion of the court. If the offender is a juridical person, the president,
manager, directors, trustees, the pollution control officer or the officials directly in charge of the
operations shall suffer the penalty herein provided.

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Downstream Oil Industry Deregulation Act, RA 8479

Section 11.

x x x.

Any person, including but not limited to the chief operating officer, chief executive officer or chief
finance officer of the partnership, corporation or any entity involved, who is found guilty of any of
the said prohibited acts shall suffer the penalty of three (3) to seven (7) years imprisonment, and
a fine ranging from One million pesos (P 1,000,0000.00) to Two million pesos (P 2,000,000.00).

See also Title XIV, Chapter 1, Revised Customs Modernization and Tariff Act, RA 10863

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