461105A THERMODYNAMICS

Exercise 7

Topic: Gas power cycles

1. A Carnot cycle is executed in a closed system and uses 0.0025 kg of air as the working
fluid. The cycle efficiency is 60 percent, and the lowest temperature in the cycle is 300
K. The pressure at the beginning of the isentropic expansion is 700 kPa, and at the end
of the isentropic compression it is 1 MPa. Determine the net work output per cycle. The
gas constant for air is 0.287 kJ/kgK and the isentropic exponent 1.40. (-115.2 J/cycle)

2. An air-standard cycle using 0.003 kg of air as the working fluid is executed in a closed
system and is composed of the following three processes:
1 - 2 Isentropic compression from 100 kPa and 27°C to 700 kPa
2 - 3 constant pressure heat addition to the original volume
3 - 1 constant volume heat rejection to to initial state
(a) Show the cycle on P-v diagram.
(b) Calculate the maximum temperature in the cycle.
(c) Determine the thermal efficiency.
The gas constant and the constant pressure specific heat for the air is 0.287 kJ/kgK and
1.005 kJ/kgK, respectively. (2100 K, 0.185)

3. Consider a simple ideal Brayton cycle with 0.001 kg of air as the working fluid. Before
the adiabatic compression the pressure is 100 kPa and the pressure ratio of the cycle is
6. The minimum and maximum temperatures are 300 and 1300 K, respectively.
Determine the the net heat input and output, by them the thermal efficiency of the cycle.
The gas constant for air is 0.287 kJ/kgK and the isentropic exponent 1.40. (804.1 J,
-481.6 J, 40.1%)

4. Compression ratio of a Diesel engine is 18. At intake pressure and temperature are 1 bar
and 15EC. After fuel injection the temperature is 1700EC. The maximum cylinder volume
is 0.001 m3. Calculate the work received from the engine. The gas constant and the
constant pressure specific heat for the air is 0.287 kJ/kgK and 1.005 kJ/kgK, respectively.
(-805.1 J / cycle)

5. An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 8. At the beginning of the compression
process, air is at 95 kPa and 27°C, and 750 kJ/kg of heat is transferred to air during the
constant-volume heat-addition process. When the gas constant for air is 0.287 kJ/kgK
and the isentropic exponent 1.40, determine
(a) the pressure and temperature at the end of the heat-addition process, (4411.4 kPa,
1736.9 K)
(b) the net work output and (-423.5 kJ/kg)
(c) the thermal efficiency. (56.5%)
Notice: Solve the problem by using specific volumes.