Cloud Ccomputing as a Next Generation Architecture

Chandan Prasad Gupta

Bsc, CME, Vth Semester
St. Philomena’s College
Bannimantapa, Mysore – 570015, India
gupta.chandan1@gmail.com
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Abstract- Computers used to work alone - inside a home or business. But
thanks to the Internet, we can now use the power of computers at a metaphor for the internt. Users do not have or need knowledge, control,
completely different location - what we call "in the cloud”. Cloud ownership in the computer infrastructure. Users simply rent or access the
computing is Internet-based computing, whereby shared resources,
software, and information are provided to computers and other devices software, paying only for what they use. According to IEEE It is a paradigm in
on demand. The cloud is becoming increasingly associated with small which information is permanently stored in servers on the Internet and cached
and medium enterprises (SMEs) as in many cases they cannot justify or temporarily on clients that include desktops, entertainment centers, table
afford the large capital expenditure of traditional IT. SMEs also computers, notebooks, wall computers, handhelds, etc.[1] Whereas according
typically have less existing infrastructure, less bureaucracy, more
to MIT Technology Review it is the idea of relying on Web-based application
flexibility, and smaller capital budgets for purchasing in-house
technology. Similarly, SMEs in emerging markets are typically and storing date in the “CLOUD”[2]. Wikipedia has a similar description as
unburdened by established legacy infrastructures, thus reducing the that of IEEE which describes it as a paradigm shift whereby details are
complexity of deploying cloud solutions. A customer on a budget- abstracted from the users who no longer need knowledge or, expertise in, or
maintaining their own business costs a lot. Plus, it’s hard to know how control over the technology infrastructure “in the CLOUD” that supports them.
much resource he need. His business suffers when the business cannot
cope up with resources. Now he know about a new kind of company that [3]
has an unlimited fleet of resources that can be used on an needed basis-
and he only pay for what he uses. Now he can depend on other company
to handle the business. He has websites, servers and database that all
have to be maintained at headquarters. It’s a huge expense, and a big
worry. The business is constantly running out of storage space and
fixing broken servers. Then here the customer gets benefited from cloud
computing which works a lot like his business process. Instead of
managing important technology on-site, customer can depend on a new
kind of company to help take away the pain. That have all the computer
power customer needs and its all secure, backed up at another location
and accessible through the Web –what people call “in the cloud”. But
that's not all. Cloud computing means computers don't have to limit
their business. Because Cloud companies have nearly unlimited storage
and resources, they can grow without worry. And because the servers
are normally backed up in multiple locations, their information is safe.
But what they really love is only paying for what they use. If business is fig: (a) an overview on Cloud Coomputing
slow, their computing costs can go down too. Cloud Computing also
means they can use new kinds of services that live in the cloud and are
only accessible through the web. When they needs a new application
system, they have a choice: installing and supporting one on-site, or
using a product that lives in the cloud and works using her web II. HISTORY
browser. From email, to word processing or photo sharing - cloud
computing also works for you and me. We can use products that live in Concept dating back to the 1960's by John McCarthy, a computer scientist,
the cloud, are always backed up, accessible from any Internet brought up the idea that “computation may someday be organized as a public
connection, and safe from spilled coffee. Cloud computing means we utility”. The two ideas that revolutionized Cloud Computing are Utility
have new choices. Businesses and individuals can spend less time Computing and Grid Computing. “In some ways, the cloud is a natural next
worrying about technology and focus on what matters. step from the grid-utility model,” said Frank Gens, an analyst at the research
firm IDC.
Index terms: Software as a Service(SaaS), Virtualization, Green Amazon initiated, and launched Amazon Web Services on a utility computing
basis in 2006.[4][5] In 2007, Google, IBM and a number of universities,
Computing, Interoporability, Server consolidation. embarked on a large scale cloud computing research project.[6] In march
2010, Microsoft's CEO, Steve Ballmer, made his strongest statement of betting
I. INTRODUCTION the company's future in the cloud by proclaiming “For the cloud, we're all in”
and further starting “About 75 percent of our folks are doing entirely cloud
Cloud computing is a byproduct and consequence of the ease-of -access to based or entirely cloud inspired, a year from now that will be 90 percent”. [7]
remote computing sites provided by the Internet. “Cloud is simply a
 III. CLOUD COMPUTIVE FOR SMEs

The cloud is becoming increasingly associated with small and medium

enterprises (SMEs) as in many cases they cannot justify or afford less
bureaucracy, more flexibility, and smaller capital budgets for purchasing
in-house technology. Similarly, SMEs in emerging markets are typically
unburdened by established legacy infrastructures, thus reducing the
complexity of deploying cloud solutions. [8]. In situations where the
capital expenses would be relatively small, or where the organization has
more flexibility in their capital budget than the scale of any potential cost
savings include the efficiency of a company's data center as compared to
the cloud vendor's, the company's existing operating costs, the level of
adoption of cloud computing, and the type of functionality being hosted in
the cloud. [9] [10]

IV. SERVICES

Amongst the services provided by Cloud Computing, Software is the best

one. Defined as service-on-demand, where a provider will license software
tailored. Customers' tun applications off their infrastructure, but
transparent to the end user. Customers can utilize greater computing power fig (b): Cloud Layers
while saving on cost, space, power consumption and facility. Cloud also
offers platform as a service. It provides all the facilities necessary to
support the complete process of building and delivering web applications
and services, which are all available over the Internet. The platforms can VI. ARCHITECTURE
be altered transparently depending upon the customers' unique needs.
Infrastructure: as it is fully outsourced service so no business need to The system architecture of Cloud Computing typically involves multiple cloud
purchase servers, softwares or equipment. It allows cost savings for the components communicating with each other over application programming
interfaces, usually which is web services. The multiple programs each doing
service
one thing properly and working together over universal interfaces. Which a
typical Unix Philosophy.
providers, since they don not need to operate their own data-center. And
The two components, front end which is the part seen be the client which
also the ad-hoc system allow quick customization to consumer demands. includes client's network and the back which is cloud itself which consists of
various computers, servers and data storage devices. [15]
V. LAYERS
VII. VIRTUALIZATION
The first layer is cloud client which consists of computer hardware and
software which are dependent on the cloud for the services and the
Virtualization is “something which is not REAL, but displays the full qualities
applications delivery. Phones, computers, operating systems and browsers of the REAL”. A software implementation of a machine that executes
can be taken as the cloud client's example. [11][12]. The second layer is programs like a real machine. The advantages of virtualization are-
Applications and the term “Software as a Service(SaaS)” is often used to
refer it. This level is where the service provider provides the applications, A. Server Consolidation
its maintenance, uses and support. Access to management of softwares B. Testing and development
which are commercially available, access to applications remotely via the C. Virtual Recovery
Web, delivery of the applications and update of centralized feature which D. Reduced infrastructure cost
helps in downloading patches and upgrades. The next level is which E. Green Computing (Power Utilization)
comprises of cloud infrastructure and sustains cloud applications known as F. Virtualization- The Cloud Computing Enabler
Platform services or “Platform as a Service (PaaS)”. The platform
visualization is the next layer which is referred to as “Infrastructure as a There are also disadvantages of using virtualizations like-
Service (IaaS)” and it provides a virtual availability of servers, softwares, A. Physical failures
data-center space or network equipments. IaaS evolved from virtual B. Low Performance
private server offering. [13] The base-most layer is server layer consisting C. New management tools
computer hardware and software products which also includes multi-core D. Virtual machine sprawl
processors, cloud-specific operating system and combined offerings. [56].

VIII. PROS
The best thing Cloud Computing offers is “pay for what you use”. Since the
end users gets reduces hardware equipments and improved performance
there is always need of lower hardware and software maintenance. They are
accessible to instant software updates and which is always less expensive.
Flexibility is a huge plus and customers' need not invest on multiple [1] IEEE http://spectrum.ieee.org/computing/hardware/the-cloud-is-the-computer
licensing. [2] MIT Technology Review http://www.technologyreview.com/briefings/cloud/
IX. CONS
Security is the number one issue in Cloud Computing which may be
delaying its option. [19] There had been discussion on whether the internal
management or cloud management.[20] The Cloud Security Alliance is a
non-profit organization formed to promote the use of best practices for
providing security assurance within Cloud Computing.[21] Another big
issue is Internet Connection as only one access point so far has been made
available for all the customer's which doesn't give consistent connection. A
number of Platforms always make customers ponder on which one to
choose. Location of Servers is another issue. Transition time and speed are
still issues to be solved in Cloud Computing.
X. MAJOR CLOUD PROVIDERS
A. Amazon web services: They provide Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
“Amazon EC2”. They specially work for the web-scale computing making
easir for developers. Here developers onl pay for the capacity that they
actually use.
B. Google 100: Network made up of millions of cheap servers that would
store staggering amount of data, including numerous copies of the world
wide web. They make search faster and answer billiions of queries in
fraction of a second. Google spend more that $2 billion a year in data-
centers for cloud computing.
C. Salesforce.com: Salesforce.com is best known for Customer
Relationship Management to businesses over the internet using the SaaS
model.
D. Microsoft Azure: Recently microsoft went open source with their cloud
operating system calsed Azure which provides the platfomr hosted in
Microsoft data-centers. They provide a range of functionality to build
applications that span from consumer web to enterprise scenarios.
E. IBM's CloudBurst: IBM are deeloping cloud computing applications
for the everyday user called CloudBusrt. It also offers “private” cloud
computing services using IBM blue services on softwares. [22]
[19] “Are security issues delaying adoption of cloud computing?". Networkworld.com.
XI. CONCLUSION http://www.networkworld.com/news/2009/042709-burning-security-cloud-
The cloud is becoming increasingly associated with small and medium computing.html. Retrieved 2010-08-22.
enterprises (SMEs) as in many cases they cannot justify or afford the large
capital expenditure of traditional IT. SMEs also typically have less
existing infrastructure, less bureaucracy, more flexibility, and smaller
capital budgets for purchasing in-house technology. Open Source is
leading the market today and all the cloud providers including Microsoft is
moving towards open source. “Pay for what you use” is the best thing with
cloud and nobody wants to pay for what they have not used. Hence,
although there are some issues and security risks in this, Cloud Computing
is surely going to be an architechture of next generation and in fact the
movement has already started.
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[5] [1]
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