Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 6

Daftar Pustaka

1. Dean E. Schraufnagel, MD. sepsis. Breathing in America:Diseases, Progress,and Hope. USA : the
American Thoracic Society, 2010, p. 227.

2. Angus DC, Linde-Zwirble WT, Lidicker J, et al. Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States:
analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care. [book auth.] Crit Care Med. Crit Care Med
. s.l. : Crit Care Med , 2001, pp. 29:1303-1310.

3. Michael J. Breslow, MD and Badawi, and Omar. Maximizing Value From Outcome Prediction
Scoring Systems. [book auth.] MD Michael J. Breslow and and Omar Badaw. Severity Scoring in the
Critically Ill: Part 2. s.l. : CHEST, 2012, pp. 141(2):518-527.

4. Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Vincent JL et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for
management of severe sepsis and septic shock. [book auth.] Crit Care Med. Crit Care Med. s.l. : Crit
Care Med, 2008, pp. 36:296-327.

5. Kaplan, Lewis J, Kellum, Jhon A. Jhon A : Initial pH, base deficit, lactate, anion gap, strong ion
difference, strong ion gap predict outcome from major vascular injury. [book auth.] Crit Care Med. Crit
Care Med. 2004 , pp. 32 : 1120-24.

6. H. Bryant Nguyen, M. et al. Early lactate clearance is associated with improved outcome in severe
sepsis and septic shock. [book auth.] Crit Care Med. Crit Care Med. s.l. : Crit Care Med, 2004, pp. 32 :
1637-42.

7. Backer, Daniel De. Lactic acidosis and hyperlactatemia. [book auth.] Intensive Care Med. Intensive
Care Med. s.l. : Intensive Care Med, 2003, pp. 29:699–702.

8. André Meregalli, Roselaine P Oliveira, and Gilberto Friedman. Occult hypoperfusion is associated
with increased mortality. [book auth.] Crit Care. Crit Care. s.l. : Crit Care, 2004, pp. 8(2): R60–R65.

9. Blow O, Magliore L, Claridge JA, Butler K, Young JS. The golden hour and silver day : detection and
correction of occult hypoperfusion. [book auth.] J Trauma. J Trauma. s.l. : J Trauma, 1999 , pp.
47(5):964-9.

10. Crowl AC, Young JS. occult hypoperfusion is associated with increased morbidity in patient
undergoing early femur fracture fixation. [book auth.] J Trauma. J Trauma. s.l. : J Trauma, 2000, pp.
48:260-7.

11. Claridge JA, et al. Persistent occult hypoperfusion is associated with significant increase in
infection rate and mortality in major trauma patients. [book auth.] J Trauma. J Trauma. s.l. : J Trauma,
2000, pp. 48:8-14.

12. Tuchschmidt JA, Mecher CE. Predictors of outcome from critical illness, shock and
cardiopulmonary rescucitation. . [book auth.] Crit Care Clin. Crit Care Clin. s.l. : Crit Care Clin, 1994, pp.
10:179-95.

73

Universitas Sumatera Utara


13. al., Rivers E. et. Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock.
[book auth.] N Engl J Med. N Engl J Med . s.l. : N Engl J Med , 2001, pp. 345:1368-77.

14. Abramson D, Scalea TM, Hitchcock R, Trooskin SZ, Henry SM, Greenspan J. . Lactate clearance
and survival following injury. [book auth.] Trauma. Trauma. s.l. : Trauma, 1993 Oct, pp. 35(4):584-8.

15. Manikis P, Jankowski S, Zhang H, Kahn RJ, Vincent JL. Correlation of serial blood lactate levels to
organ failure and mortality after trauma. [book auth.] Am J Emerg Med. Am J Emerg Med. s.l. : Am J
Emerg Med, 1995 Nov, pp. 13(6):619-22.

16. Bannon MP, O'Neill CM, Martin M, Ilstrup DM, Fish NM, Barrett J. Central venous oxygen
saturation, arterial base deficit, and lactate concentration in trauma patients. [book auth.] Am Surg.
Am Surg. s.l. : Am Surg, 1995 Aug, pp. 61(8):738-45.

17. Bakker J, Gris P, Coffernils M, Kahn RJ, Vincent JL. Serial blood lactate levels can predict the
development of multiple organ failure following septic shock. [book auth.] Am J Surg. Am J Surg. s.l. :
Am J Surg, 1996 Feb, pp. 171(2):221-6.

18. Moomey CB Jr, Melton SM, Croce MA, Fabian TC, Proctor KG. Prognostic value of blood lactate,
base deficit, and oxygen-derived variables in an LD50 model of penetrating trauma. [book auth.] Crit
Care Med. Crit Care Med. s.l. : Crit Care Med, 1999 Jan, pp. 27(1):154-61.

19. Slomovitz BM, Lavery RF, Tortella BJ, Siegel JH, Bachl BL, Ciccone A. Validation of a hand-held
lactate device in determination of blood lactate in critically injured patients. [book auth.] Crit Care
Med. Crit Care Med. s.l. : Crit Care Med., 1998 Sep, pp. 26(9):1523-8.

20. al, Trzeciak S et. Serum lactate as a predictor of mortality in patients with infection. [book auth.]
Intensive Care Med. Intensive Care Med. s.l. : Intensive Care Med., 2007 Jun, pp. 33(6):970-7.

21. al, Arnold RC. et. Multicenter study of early lactate clearance as a determinant of survival in
patients with presumed sepsis. [book auth.] Shock. Shock. s.l. : Shock, 2009, pp. 32(1):35-9.

22. Tirado-Sánchez A, Vázquez-González D, Ponce-Olivera RM, Montes de Oca-Sánchez G. Serum


lactate is a useful predictor of death in severe sepsis in patients with pemphigus vulgaris. [book auth.]
Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Panonica Adriat. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Panonica Adriat. s.l. : Acta
Dermatovenerol Alp Panonica Adriat., 2012 Mar, pp. ;21(1):7-9.

23. Mikkelsen ME, Miltiades AN, Gaieski DF, Goyal M, Fuchs BD, Shah CV, Bellamy SL, Christie JD.
Serum lactate is associated with mortality in severe sepsis independent of organ failure and shock.
[book auth.] Crit Care Med. Crit Care Med. s.l. : Crit Care Med, 2009 May, pp. 37(5):1670-7 .

24. Kamolz LP, Andel H, Schramm W, Meissl G, Herndon DN, Frey M. Lactate: early predictor of
morbidity and mortality in patients with severe burns. [book auth.] Burns. Burns. s.l. : Burns, 2005 Dec,
pp. 31(8):986-90.

25. Blow O, Magliore L, Claridge JA, Butler K, Young JS. The golden hour and the silver day: detection
and correction of occult hypoperfusion within 24 hours improves outcome from major trauma. [book
auth.] J Trauma. J Trauma. s.l. : J Trauma, 1999 Nov, pp. 47(5):964-9.

74

Universitas Sumatera Utara


26. al, Mcnelis J et. Prolonged lactate clearance is associated with increased mortalility in the sugical
ICU. [book auth.] Am J Surg. Am J Surg. s.l. : Am J Surg, 2001, pp. 182: 481-5.

27. Micheal Berkat KO, Sun Sunatrio, Tantani sugiman. Bersihan Laktat Dini sebagai prediktor
mortalitas Pasien Paska Bedah di UPI. [book auth.] Majalah kedokteran Terapi Intensif Indonesia.
Majalah kedokteran Terapi Intensif Indonesia. s.l. : Majalah kedokteran Terapi Intensif Indonesia,
2011, pp. 1: 131-137.

28. Martin GS, Mannino DM, Eaton S, et al. The epidemiology of sepsis in the United States from 1979
through 2000. [book auth.] N Engl J Med. N Engl J Med. s.l. : N Engl J Med, 2003, pp. 348:1546-1554.

29. Finfer S, Bellomo R, Lipman J, et al. . Adult-population incidence of severe sepsis in Australian and
New Zealand intensive care units. . [book auth.] Intensive Care Med. Intensive Care Med . s.l. :
lIntensive Care Med , 2004, pp. 30:589-596.

30. Danai PA, Moss M, Mannino DM, et al. The epidemiology of sepsis in patients with malignancy.
[book auth.] Chest. Chest . s.l. : Chest , 2006, pp. 129:1432-1440.

31. Jonathan M. Siner, MD. Sepsis: Definitions, Epidemiology, Etiology and Pathogenesis. [book auth.]
Chest. Chest. s.l. : Chest, 2009.

32. Annane Djillali, Bellissant Eric, Cavaillon Jean-Marc. Septic shock. [book auth.] The Lancet. The
Lancet. s.l. : The Lancet, 2005, p. 365.

33. Rangel-Frausto MS, Pittet M, Costigan M et al. The natural history of the systemic inflammatory
response syndrome (SIRS). [book auth.] JAMA. 1995, pp. 273: 117–23.

34. RA., Balk. Severe sepsis and septic shock definitions, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations. .
[book auth.] Crit Care Clin. 2000, pp. 16: 179–91.

35. RC., Bone. Immunological dissonance: a continuing evolution in our understanding of the systemic
inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). [book
auth.] Ann Intern Med. 1996, pp. 125 : 680-87.

36. Bone RC, Balk RA, Cerra FB et al. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care
Medicine Consensus Conference: definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of
innovative therapies in sepsis. [book auth.] Chest. 1992, pp. 101: 1644–55.

37. Sunarmiasih, Sri. Sepsis : Pencetus gagal organ dan upaya penanggulannya. [book auth.]
Indonesian Journal of Intensive Care medicine. 2011, pp. 25-33.

38. JA., Russel. Management of sepsis. [book auth.] N Engl. J. Med. N Engl. J. Med. s.l. : N Engl. J. Med.,
2006, pp. 1699-713., 355.

39. Albert J. Ruggieri, Richard J. Levy, MD, and Clifford S. Deutschman, MS, MD, FCCM. Mitochondrial
Dysfunction and Resuscitation in Sepsis. [book auth.] Crit Care Clin. 2010, pp. 26(3): 567–575.

40. et.al., R. Phillip Dellinger MD. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for
management of Severe Sepsis and Septic shock 2012. [book auth.] Crit Care Med. 2013, pp. 41:580–
637.

75

Universitas Sumatera Utara


41. Moviat M, van Haren F, van der Hoeven H. Conventional or physicochemical approach in intensive
care unit patients with metabolic acidosis. [book auth.] Crit. Care. Crit. Care. s.l. : Crit. Care., 2003, pp.
R41-5.

42. Valenza F, Aletti G, Fossali T, Chevallard G, Sacconi F, Irace M, Gattinoni. Lactate as a marker of
energy failure in critically ill patients : hypothesis. [book auth.] Crit Care. Crit Care. s.l. : Crit Care, 2005,
pp. 9: 588-93.

43. Cohen RD, Simpson R. Lactate metabolism. [book auth.] Anesthesiology. Anesthesiology. 1975,
pp. 43:661-73.

44. Wasserman K, Mcllroy MB. Detecting the threshold of anaerobic metabolism in cardiac patients
during exercise. [book auth.] Am J Cardiol. Am J Cardiol. s.l. : Am J Cardiol, 1964, pp. 14:844-52.

45. GA., Brooks. Lactate shuttles in nature. [book auth.] Biochem soc Trans. Biochem soc Trans. s.l. :
Biochem soc Trans, 2002, pp. 30:258-64.

46. Brooks GA, Dubouchad H, Brown M, Sicurello JP, Butz CE.. Role of mitochondrial lactate
dehydrogenase and lactate oxidation in intracellular lactate shuttle. [book auth.] Proc Nat Acad Sci
USA. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA. 1999, pp. 1129-34.

47. XM., Leverve. Lactic Acidosis. A New Insight? [book auth.] Minerva Anestesiol. Minerva Anestesiol.
s.l. : Minerva Anestesiol., 1999, pp. 65:205-9.

48. Leverve XM, Mustafa I. Lactate : a key metabolite in the intracellular metabolic interplay. . [book
auth.] Crit Care. Crit Care. s.l. : Crit Care, 2002, pp. 6:284-5.

49. Luchette FA, Friend LA, Brown CC, Up Uturi RK, James JH. Increased skeletal muscle Na+, K+,
ATPase activity as a cause of increased lactate production after hemorrargic shock. . [book auth.] J
Trauma. J Trauma. s.l. : J Trauma, 1998, pp. 44: 796-801.

50. B., Levy. Lactate and shock state: the metabolic view. [book auth.] Curr Opinion Crit. Care. Curr
Opinion Crit. Care. s.l. : Curr Opinion Crit. Care, 2006, pp. 12: 315-21.

51. Pellerin L, Magistretti PJ. Neuroenergetics: calling upon astrocyte to satisfy hungry neurons. [book
auth.] Neuroscientist. s.l. : Neuroscientist, 2004, pp. 10: 53-62.

52. Joseph St, Heaton N, Potter D, Pernet A, Umpeleby MA, Amiel SA. Renal glucose production
compensates for the liver during the anhepatic phase of liver transplantation. [book auth.] Diabetes.
s.l. : Diabetes, 2000, pp. 49: 450-6.

53. R, Bellomo. . Bench to bedside review: Lactate and the kidney. [book auth.] Crit Care. s.l. : Crit
Care, 2002, pp. 6: 322-6.

54. Kline JA, Thornton LR, Lopaschuk GD, Barbee RW, Watts JA. Lactate improves cardiac efficiency
after hemorrargic shock. [book auth.] Shock. s.l. : Shock , 2000, pp. 14: 215-21.

55. BA, Mizock. Lactic acidosi. [book auth.] Elbers PWG, eds. In Kellum JA. Stewart’s Textbook of Acid
base 2nd ed. . USA : s.n., 2009, pp. 376-87.

76

Universitas Sumatera Utara


56. Mizock BA, Falk JL. Lactic acidosis in critical illness. [book auth.] Crit Care Med. s.l. : Crit Care Med.
, 1992, pp. 80-93, 20.

57. al., Alistair D Nichol et. RReesealrachtive hyperlactatemia and hospital mortality in critically ill
patients: a retrospective multi-centre study. [book auth.] Critical Care. 2010, p. 14:R25.

58. al., Asgar H Rishu et. Even Mild Hyperlactatemia is Associated with Increased Mortality in Critically
Ill patients. [book auth.] Critical Care. 2013, p. 17: R197.

59. Rashkin MC, Bosken C, Baugman RP. Oxygen delivery in critically ill patients:Relationship to blood
lactate and survival. [book auth.] Chest. s.l. : Chest, 1985, pp. 5:580-4.

60. Raper RF, Cameron G, Walker D, Bovey. Type B Lactic acidosis following cardiopulmonary bypass.
[book auth.] Crit Care Med. s.l. : Crit Care Med, 1997, pp. 25: 46-51.

61. Connet RJ, Honig CR, Gayeski TE, Brooks GA. Defining hypoxia: a system view of VO2, glycolysis,
energetics, and intracellular pO2, . [book auth.] J. Appl. Physioi. s.l. : J. Appl. Physioi, 1990, p. 68:833.

62. Levy B, Gibot s, Franck, Cravoisy A, Bollaert PE. Relation between muscle Na+K+ATPase activity
and raised lactate concentration in septic shock : a prospective study. [book auth.] Lancet. s.l. : Lancet,
2005, p. 365:871.

63. Meszaros K, Lang CH, Bagby GJ, Spitzer JJ. Contribution of different organs to increased glucose
consumption after endotoxin administration. [book auth.] J. Biol. Chem. s.l. : J. Biol. Chem , 1987, pp.
262: 10965-70.

64. Chocinov RH, Perlman K, Moorhouse JA. Circulating alanine production and disposal in healthy
subjects. [book auth.] Diabetes. s.l. : Diabetes, 1978, pp. 27: 287-95.

65. Levraut J, Cibiera JP, Chave S, Rabary O, Jambou P, Charles M, et al. Mild hyperlactatemia in
stable septic patients is due to impaired lactate clearance rather than overproduction. [book auth.]
Am J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. s.l. : Am J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , 1998, pp. 157:1021-6.

66. Revelly JP, Tappy L, Martinnez A, Bollmann M, Cayeux MC, Berger MM, et al. Lactate and glucose
metabolism in severe sepsis and septic shock. [book auth.] Crit. Care Med. s.l. : Crit. Care Med, 2005,
pp. 33:2235-40.

67. Chrusch C, Bands C, Bose D, Li X, Jacobs H, Duke K, et al. Impaired hepatic extraction and increased
splanchnic production contribute to lactic acidosis in canine sepsis. [book auth.] Am J. Resp Crit Care
Med. s.l. : Am J. Resp Crit Care Med, 2000, pp. 161: 517-26.

68. Stacpole PW, Nagaraja NY, Hutson AD. Efficacy of dichloroacetat as a lactate lowering drug. [book
auth.] J. Clin pharmacol. s.l. : J. Clin pharmacol., 2003, pp. 43: 683-91.

69. M.Palazzo. Assessment of severity and outcome of critical illness. [book auth.] springer. Oh’s
intensive care manual 5th ed. 2003, pp. 11-19.

70. JF, Bion. Quantifying critical illness. [book auth.] Browne DRG, Sibbald Tinker J. Critical care
standards, audit and ethics. s.l. : Oxford University Press, 1996, pp. 276-88.

77

Universitas Sumatera Utara


71. Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP, Zimmerman JE. Apache II : A severity of disease classification
system. s.l. : Crit Care Med, 1985, pp. 13:818-829.

72. Sastroasmoro Sudigdo, Ismail Sofyan. Dasar-dasar Metodelogi Penelitian Klinis. 3th ed. Jakarta :
Sagung Seto, 2008.

73. MS., Dahlan. Penelitian Diagnostik : Dasar-dasar Teoritis dan Aplikasi dengan Program SPSS dan
Stata. Jakarta : Salemba Medika, 2009.

74. Husain FA, Martin MJ, Mullenix PS, Steele SR, Elliott DC. Serum lactate and base deficit as
predictors of mortality and morbidity. [book auth.] Am J Surg. Am J Surg. . s.l. : Am J Surg. , 2003 May,
pp. 185(5):485-91.

75. Angus, Walter T Linde-Zwirble and Derek C. Severe sepsis epidemiology: sampling, selection, and
society. Care, Critical. USA : Care, Critical, 2004, pp. 8:222-226.

76. J.Rello, M.I.Restrpo. Sepsis : New Strategies for Management. [book auth.] Springer. Springer.
Berlin : Springer, 2008, pp. p : 1-2.

77. Green DR, Kroemer G. The Pathophysiology of mitochondrial cell death. [book auth.] Science.
Science. s.l. : Science, 2004, pp. 305: 626-629.

78. James JH, Luchette FA, McCarter FD, Fischer JE. Lactate is an unreliable indicator of tissue hypoxia
in injury or sepsis. [book auth.] Lancet. s.l. : Lancet, 1999, pp. 354:505-8.

79. Fulvio I, Gullo A, Biolo G. Bench to Bedside review : Lactate and the Lung. [book auth.] Crit. Care.
s.l. : Crit. Care, 2002, pp. 6: 327-9.

80. Albert J. Ruggieri, Richard J. Levy, MD, and Clifford S. Deutschman, MS, MD, FCCM. Mitochondrial
dysfunction and rescucitation in sepsis. [book auth.] NIH Public Access. Crit. Clin. 2010.

78

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi