Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Mental Health
in the School
http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/mental_health/en/
BIOPSYCHOSOCIOSPIRITUAL
http://www.indjsp.org/temp/IndianJSocPsychiatry334291-9699897_024139.pdf
MENTAL HEALTH FACTS
1. Around 20% of the world's children and adolescents
have mental disorders or problems
•Half of all mental illness begins by the age of 14, but
most cases go undetected and untreated
MENTAL HEALTH FACTS
2. Mental and substance use disorders are the leading
cause of disability worldwide
•burden of the disease among adolescents, depression
is the third leading
MENTAL HEALTH FACTS
3. About 800 000 people • Global School-Based
commit suicide every Health Survey (2015)
year • 11.3 considered
• second leading cause • 10.6% planned
of death among 15- • 16.2% attempted
29-year-olds suicide
MENTAL HEALTH FACTS
6. Stigma and discrimination against patients and
families prevent people from seeking mental health
care
8. Globally, there is huge inequity in the distribution of
skilled human resources for mental health
MH in the PH
•Suicide rate according to the National Center for
Mental Health (DOH in Tantoco & Cenizal, 2017)
•2.5 per 100,000 population for men
•1.7 per 100,000 for women
•excluding “unreported cases”
MH in the PH
•1:5 Filipinos has a • 6% - depression
mental disorder • 32% at least have 1
(Philippine mental
Statistical Authority health problem
in Samaniego, 2017) • 15% - specific
phobias
• 10% - alcohol abuse
MH in the PH
• 3:100,000 - patient to mental health worker
ratio (Samaniego, 2017)
MH in
the PH
http://clever-communications.blogspot.com/2014/03/how-to-limit-your-stress-and-define.html
BAD
- way too overwhelming that we can no
longer function well or the way we used to
or supposed to
- if such is the case, psychological disorders
might occur
What is…
• mental health
• stress
• anxiety
•depression
PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER
“A psychological disorder is an ongoing
dysfunctional pattern of thought, emotion, and
behaviour that causes significant distress, and
that is considered deviant in that person’s culture
or society (Butcher, Mineka & Hooley, 2007).”
ANXIETY DISORDER
ANXIETY DISORDER
ANXIETY DISORDERS
• "Anxiety disorders differ from normal feelings of
nervousness or anxiousness, and involve excessive fear
or anxiety” (Parekh, 2017).
• Anxiety disorders can negatively affect a person's daily
activities, productivity, and relationships (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2016).
NORMAL ANXIETY vs ANXIETY DISORDER
https://adaa.org/understanding-anxiety
NORMAL ANXIETY vs ANXIETY DISORDER
https://adaa.org/understanding-anxiety
NORMAL ANXIETY vs ANXIETY DISORDER
https://adaa.org/understanding-anxiety
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/b3/4b/e8/b34be8b39bc38e07c842f142a4517aa3.jpg
ANXIETY DISORDERS
ANXIETY DISORDERS
http://www.ghanalive.tv/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/OCD-cycle.jpg
ANXIETY DISORDERS
ANXIETY DISORDERS
ANXIETY DISORDERS
ANXIETY DISORDERS
Biological
- Genetics
https://geneticliteracyproject.org/wp-
content/uploads/2017/04/Screen-Shot-2017-04-06-at-
8.42.22-AM.png https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/Pages/Inheriting-Mental-Disorders.aspx
ANXIETY DISORDERS
Biological
- Brain chemistry
ANXIETY DISORDERS
Biological
- Gut-Brain
Axis
Western diet showed a change in Bacteroides to cant reduction in the mortality a
ANXIETY DISORDERS
Firmicutes ratio of similar levels as observed in the chronic diseases such as canc
gut microbiota of obese individuals.121-124 and autoimmune diseases.127 M
Biological
- Gut-Brain
Axis
(Sandhu et al.,
2017)
ANXIETY DISORDERS
LIMBIC SYSTEM
- emotional
processing
- reward system
- memory
ANXIETY DISORDERS
PREFRONTAL CORTEX
- integrates emotional
information from the
limbic system à our decision
making
- not yet fully developed in
teens
http://www.psypost.org/2017/06/depressed-people-medial-prefrontal-cortex-exerts-control-parts-
brain-49168
What is…
• mental health
• stress
• anxiety
•depression
FEELING - mental state
EMOTION - physical
state and a natural
response of our body
due to changes;
biological responses to
certain situations
10 Basic Emotions
joy
surprise
sadness
contempt
shame
10 Basic Emotions fear
anger
guilt
disgust
interest or
excitement
MOOD
“an emotional state that may last anywhere
from a few minutes to several weeks”
(GoodTherapy.org, n.d.).
EMOTION VS MOOD
Happy emotion - after passing an exam
peer pressure
Sports
Changing hormone levels
Developing bodies (Vicente, 2018) from PMHA
lecture forum 2018
TEENAGE DEPRESSION
“It may be difficult to disentangle symptoms which
are seen as ‘normal’ teenage behaviours, from those
which may be indicative of a more serious problem”
(University of Reading, n.d.).
TEENAGE DEPRESSION
“Even if a problem is recognised, staff may have
insufficient resources (in terms of time and training)
to support the young person appropriately”
(University of Reading, n.d.).
DEPRESSION SYMPTOMS
A.Five (or more) of the following symptoms
during the same 2-week period and
represent a change from previous
functioning: at least one of the symptoms is
either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of
interest or pleasure
DEPRESSION SYMPTOMS
• Depressed mood most of the day, nearly
everyday, as indicated by either a subjective
report (e.g. feels sad, empty, hopeless)
• Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in
all, or almost all, activities most of the day,
nearly every day
DEPRESSION SYMPTOMS
• Significant weight loss when not dieting or
weight gain or decrease or increase in
appetite nearly every day
• Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day
DEPRESSION SYMPTOMS
• Psychomotor agitation or retardation
• Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day
• Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or
inappropriate guilt (which may be
delusional) nearly every day
DEPRESSION SYMPTOMS
• Diminished ability to think or concentrate,
or indecisiveness, nearly everyday
• Recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent
suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or
a suicide attempt or a specific plan for
suicide
DEPRESSION SYMPTOMS
B. The symptoms cause clinically significant
distress or impairment in social, occupational, or
other important areas of functioning
C. The episode is not attributable to the
physiological effects of a substance or to
another medical condition
DEPRESSION
Concrete examples:
-Negativistic thinking
-expects failure and disappointment in
everything
-focuses on past failures
Research: pessimistic and optimistic
people both at risk of depression after
exposure to stressful life events
DEPRESSION CAUSES
• BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
• Different brain activity in neural imaging scans
• Brain in a depressed state slows down
• Brain in a manic state a lot of increased activity à
hard to calm down or focus or sleep
@TMSTherapy
DEPRESSION DETERMINANTS
DEPRESSION
BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
DETERMINANTS
- Neurotransmitter chemistry changes
https://newearth.media/supercharge-dopamine-levels-naturally-never-feel-depressed-
anxious/
DEPRESSION DETERMINANTS
PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS
- Life stressors
DEPRESSION DETERMINANTS
PSYCHOSOCIAL
FACTORS
DEPRESSION TYPES
What is…
• mental health
• stress
• anxiety
•depression
Why is mental
health
important
MENTAL HEALTH
•Mental health is an essential component
of health that is influenced by biological,
socioeconomic and environmental factors
at any given time.
•“...no health without mental health...”
(World Health Assembly, 2013)
Prevention begins
with being aware of and understanding
the early warning signs and symptoms of mental illness.
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/ba/cc/5d/bacc5dab485ffff9f0c63d81d779b45b.jpg
WELL-BEING PROMOTION
oGrowth
mindset
WELL-BEING PROMOTION
oGrowth
mindset
WELL-BEING PROMOTION
oGrit
WELL-BEING PROMOTION
oGrit
WELL-BEING PROMOTION
oGrit
WELL-BEING PROMOTION
oGrowth
mindset
oGrit
http://www.thehabitfactor.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/GRIT-Artwork1-15-4.png
WELL-BEING PROMOTION
oResilience
https://davesandersonspeaks.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Resilience.png
WELL-BEING PROMOTION
oResilience
WELL-BEING PROMOTION
oResilience
WELL-BEING PROMOTION
oResilience
https://www.ryerson.ca/content/dam/ryerson-works/2018/feb/resilience-model.jpg
WELL-BEING PROMOTION
Kindness
“Research shows that happy people are motivated to do kind things
for others.”
http://www.thehabitfactor.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/GRIT-Artwork1-15-4.png
How do we promote mental health in the school
Appreciate everything and everyone
How do we promote mental health in the school
Develop an understanding
Engage and encourage
Listen and lead
Practice positivity
Appreciate everything and
everyone
May we all promote
mental health in the
school and continue to be
grateful and kind.