Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Homework
Ideal DC / DC Converters
6.1 What is the relationship between Vo/Vs and the efficiency of the linear converter
in section 6.1?
Input power is
Pin = Vs IL
Output power is
Pout = Vo IL
Calculate efficiency
Pout
η=
Pin
Vo IL
η=
Vs IL
Vo
η=
Vs
The energy efficiency is, ideally, equal to the voltage ratio. The energy efficiency can be no greater than
the voltage ratio in practical linear regulator circuits.
Problem 6.2 A DC power supply must step down a 100V source to 30V. The output power is
100W.
a. Determine the efficiency of the converter of Fig 6.1 when it is used for this application.
b. How much energy is lost in the transistor in one year?
c. using the electric rate in your area, what is the cost of the energy loss for one year?
Vin 100 V Vout 30 V Pout 100 W cents 1 dollars 100 cents
a. Find the efficiency. First find the current from the power and voltage.
Pout
Iout Iout 3.333 A
Vout
From the figure we see that the circuit is just a series circuit. The output current is the same as
the input current.
Pout
η η 0.3
Pin
9
Wloss Pin Pout T Wloss 7.363 10 J Wloss 2045 kW hr
1
a. Determine the duty ratio. Ts 50 μs
fs
V0
D 0.417
Vs
V0
I0 2.778 A
R0
Because the capacitor has no average current, the inductor average current is the same as the
output average current.
ILave I0 2.778 A
The change in inductor current is found from the inductor's integral relationship:
Vs V0
ΔIL D Ts 0.729 A
L
ΔIL ΔIL
ILmax ILave 3.142 A ILmin ILave 2.413 A
2 2
It is also possible to do this from energy conservation. Ideally, there are no losses in the converter.
2
V0
P0 69.444 W
R0
Ps P0 69.444 W
Ps
ISave 1.157 A
Vs
d. Determine the peak and average diode current.
IDpk ILmax 3.142 A
Problem 6.13 Design a buck converter which has an output of 12V from an input of 18V.
The output power is 10W. The output voltage ripple must be no more than 100mV peak to
peak. Specify the duty ratio, switching frequency, and inductor and capacitor values.
Design for continuous inductor current. Assume ideal conditions.
V0
D 0.667
Vs
2
V0
R0 14.4 Ω
P0
Specify a switching frequency. This is normally set by the expected power losses in the switch.
Here, we will choose a common value,
fs 500 kHz
Using equation 6-26 in the text handout, we find the minimum inductance for continuous inductor
current is ,
2
D ( 1 D) R0
Lmin 1.067 μH
2fs
ΔV0 1D
=
V0 2
8 L C0 fs
Rearrange this to allow us to solve for the remaining unknown, the capacitance,
( 1 D) V0
C0 18.75 μF
2
8 Lmin fs ΔV0
Problem 6.15 The boost converter of Fig 6-6 has the following parameters: Vs=20V, D=0.6,
R=12.5Ω, L=65μH, C=200μF, and switching frequency = 40kHz.
a. Determine the output voltage.
b. Determine the average, maximum, and minimum inductor current.
c. Determine the output voltage ripple.
d. Dermine the average current in the diode.
1
a. Determine the output voltage. Ts 25 μs
fs
1
V0 Vs 50 V
1D
Ps P0 200 W
Ps
Is 10 A IL Is 10 A
Vs
Vs
ΔIL D Ts 4.615 A
L
ΔIL ΔIL
ILmax IL 12.308 A ILmin IL 7.692 A
2 2
D V0
ΔV0 300 mV
R0 C0 fs
ΔV0
0.006
V0
ILmin 0 s
Inductor current rises from min to max value in a
IL ILmax t D Ts time equal to DTs and then falls back to its min
I T value to complete the cycle by time Ts
Lmin s
10
IL
0
5 5 5
0 1 10 2 10 3 10
t
13
12
11
IL 10
7
5 5 5
0 1 10 2 10 3 10
t
Problem 6.20 The buck-boost converter of Fig 6-8 has the following parameters: Vs=12V,
D=0.6, R=10Ω, L=50μH, C=200μF, and switching frequency = 40kHz.
a. Determine the output voltage.
b. Determine the average, maximum, and mimum inductor currents.
c. Determine the output voltage ripple.
1
a. Determine the output voltage. Ts 25 μs
fs
D
V0 V 18 V
1D s
Vs D
ILave 4.5 A
2
R0 ( 1 D)
Another way to do this is to calculate the output and input power, then calculate the input current
and, from there, calculate the inductor current.
2
V0 Ps Is
P0 32.4 W Ps P0 32.4 W Is 2.7 A ILave 4.5 A
R0 Vs D
ΔIL ΔIL
ILmax ILave 6.3 A ILmin ILave 2.7 A
2 2
ΔV0 V0 0.135 V
D
R0 C0 fs
Per unit ripple is
ΔV0
0.0075
V0