Chapter 4 Homework solution:

P4.2-2, 7
P4.3-2, 3, 6, 9
P4.4-2, 5, 8, 18
P4.5-2, 4, 5
P4.6-2, 4, 8
P4.7-2, 4, 9, 15
P4.8-2

P 4.2-2 Determine the node voltages for the circuit of Figure

P 4.2-2.

Answer: v1 = 2 V, v2 = 30 V, and v3 = 24 V

Figure P 4.2-2

Solution:
v −v v
1 2 1
KCL at node 1: + + 1 =0 ⇒ 5 v − v =−20
20 5 1 2
v −v v −v
1 2 2 3
KCL at node 2: = +2 ⇒ −v +3v = −2v 40
20 10 1 2 3
v −v v
2 3 3
KCL at node 3: +=1 ⇒ − 3 v + 5 v= 30
10 15 2 3

Solving gives v1 = 2 V, v2 = 30 V and v3 = 24 V.

P 4.2-7 The node voltages in the circuit shown in Figure P 4.2-7 are va = 7 V and vb = 10 V. Determine
values of the current source current, is, and the resistance, R.

Figure P 4.2-7
Solution
Apply KCL at node a to get
va va va − vb 7 7 7 − 10 7 1
2= + + = + + = + ⇒ R= 4Ω
R 4 2 R 4 2 R 4
Apply KCL at node b to get
va − vb vb vb 7 − 10 10 10
is + = + =i s + = + ⇒ i s =4 A
2 8 8 2 8 8

P 4.3-2 The voltages va, vb, vc, and vd in Figure P 4.3-2 are the node voltages corresponding to nodes a, b,
c, and d. The current i is the current in a short circuit connected between nodes b and c. Determine the
values of va, vb, vc, and vd and of i.
Answer: va = –12 V, vb = vc = 4 V, vd = –4 V, i = 2 mA

Figure P 4.3-2

Solution:

Express the branch voltage of each voltage source in terms of its node voltages to get:

va =
−12 V, vb =
vc =
vd + 8
KCL at node b:
vb − va vb − ( −12 )
= 0.002 + i ⇒ = 0.002 + i ⇒ vb + 12= 8 + 4000 i
4000 4000

KCL at the supernode corresponding to the 8 V source:

 vd
0.001 = + i ⇒ 4 = vd + 4000 i
4000

so vb + 4 = 4 − vd ⇒ ( vd + 8) + 4 = 4 − vd ⇒ vd = −4 V

4 − vd
Consequently vb = vc = vd + 8 = 4 V and i = = 2 mA
4000

Figure P4.3-3

P4.3-3. Determine the values of the power supplied by each of the sources in the circuit shown in Figure
P4.3-3.

Solution: First, label the node voltages. Next, express the resistor currents in terms of the node voltages.

Identify the supernode corresponding to the 24 V source

Apply KCL to the supernode to get
12 − ( v a − 24 ) v a − 24 va
+ 0.6= + ⇒ 196= 6 v a ⇒ v a= 32 V
10 40 40
 12 − ( v a − 24 )   12 − ( 32 − 24 ) 
The 12 V source supplies =
12   12
=   4.8 W
 10   10 
 
 va   32 
The 24 V source supplies 24  −0.6 +  = 24  −0.6 +  = 4.8 W
 40   40 

The current source supplies = =

0.6 v a 0.6 ( 32 ) 19.2 W

P 4.3-6 The voltmeter in the circuit of Figure P

4.3-6 measures a node voltage. The value of that
node voltage depends on the value of the resistance
R.
(a) Determine the value of the resistance R that
will cause the voltage measured by the
voltmeter to be 4 V.
(b) Determine the voltage measured by the
voltmeter when R = 1.2 kΩ = 1200 Ω.
Answer: (a) 6 kΩ (b) 2 V

Figure P 4.3-6
Solution:
Label the voltage measured by the meter. Notice that this is a node voltage.

Write a node equation at the node at which

the node voltage is measured.

 12 − v m  v m v −8
− + + 0.002 + m =0
 6000  R 3000

That is

 6000  6000
3 +  v m = 16 ⇒ R = 16
 R  −3
vm

(a) The voltage measured by the meter will be 4 volts when R = 6 kΩ.
(b) The voltage measured by the meter will be 2 volts when R = 1.2 kΩ.

P 4.3-9 Determine the values of the node voltages of the circuit shown in Figure P 4.3-9.

Figure P 4.3-9

Solution:
Express the voltage source voltages as functions of the node voltages to get

v=
2 − v1 =
5 and v 4 15

Apply KCL to the supernode corresponding to the 5 V source to get

 v1 − v 3 v 2 − 15
1.25 = + =0 ⇒ 80 = 5v1 + 2v 2 − 5v 3
8 20
Apply KCL at node 3 to get

v1 − v 3 v3 v 3 − 15
= + ⇒ − 15v1 + 28v 3 =150
8 40 12

Solving, e.g. using MATLAB, gives

 −1 1 0   v1   5   v1   22.4 
 5 2 −5 v =  80  ⇒
   27.4 
  2   v 2 =  
 −15 0 28   v 3  150  v 3 
  17.4 

So the node voltages are:

= =
v1 22.4 =
V, v 2 27.4 =
V, v 3 17.4 V, and v 4 15

P 4.4-2 Find ib for the circuit shown in Figure P 4.4-2.

Answer: ib = –12 mA

Figure P 4.4-2
Solution:
Write and solve a node equation:

va − 6 v v − 4va
+ a + a = 0 ⇒ va = 12 V
1000 2000 3000

va − 4va
ib = = −12 mA
3000

(checked using LNAP 8/13/02)

P 4.4-5 Determine the value of the current ix in the circuit of
Figure P 4.4-5.
Answer: ix = 2.4 A

Figure P 4.4-5
Solution:

First, express the controlling current of the CCVS in

v2
terms of the node voltages: i x =
2
Next, express the controlled voltage in terms of the
node voltages:
v2 24
12 − v 2 = 3 i x = 3 ⇒ v2 = V
2 5
so ix = 12/5 A = 2.4 A.

P 4.4-8 Determine the value of the power supplied by the

dependent source in Figure P 4.4-8.

Figure P 4.4-8
Solution:

Label the node voltages.

First, v2 = 10 V due to the independent voltage

source. Next, express the controlling current of the
dependent source in terms of the node voltages:

v 3 − v 2 v 3 − 10
=ia =
16 16

Now the controlled voltage of the dependent source can be expressed as

 v 3 − 10  3
v1 − v 3 = 8 i a = 8   ⇒ v1 = v3 − 5
 16  2
Apply KCL to the supernode corresponding to the dependent source to get
v1 − v 2 v1 v3 − v2 v3
+ + + =
0
4 12 16 8
Multiplying by 48 and using v2 = 10 V gives
16v1 + 9v 3 =
150
Substituting the earlier expression for v1
3 
16  v 3 − 5  + 9=
v 3 150 ⇒ =
v 3 6.970 V
2 
Then v1 = 5.455 V and ia = -0.1894 A. Applying KCL at node 2 gives
v1 10 − v1
=i b + ⇒ 12 i b =−3 + 4 v1 =−30 + 4 ( 5.455 )
12 4
So i b = −0.6817 A.
Finally, the power supplied by the dependent source is

(8 i a ) i b =
p= 8 ( −0.1894 ) ( −0.6817 ) =
1.033 W
P4.4-18
The voltages v 2 , v 3 and v 4 for the circuit shown in Figure P4.4-18 are:

= =
v 2 16 =
V, v 3 8 V and v4 6 V

Determine the values of the following:

(a) The gain, A, of the VCVS
(b) The resistance R 5
(c) The currents i b and i c
(d) The power received by resistor R 4

Figure P4.4-18

Solution:
Given the node voltages = =
v 2 16 =
V, v 3 8 V and v4 6 V

Av a 16 − 8 V
=A = = 4
va 8−6 V
 v3 − v4  15 ( 6 )
R5  =v4 ⇒ R5 = =45 Ω ,
 15  8−6

40 − 24 40 − 16 16
=ib = 2 A and =
ic − = 0.6667 A
12 12 12

va2 2 2
p=
4 = = 0.2667 W
15 15
P 4.5-2 The values of the mesh currents in
the circuit shown in Figure P 4.5-2 are
i1 = 2 A, i2 = 3 A, and i3 = 4 A.
Determine the values of the resistance R and of
the voltages v1 and v2 of the voltage sources.
Answers: R = 12 Ω, v1 = –4 V, and v2 = –28 V

Figure P 4.5-2
Solution:
The mesh equations are:
Top mesh: 4 (2 − 3) + R(2) + 10 (2 − 4) =
0
so R = 12 Ω.

Bottom, right mesh: 8 (4 − 3) + 10 (4 − 2) + v 2 =

0
so v2 = −28 V.

Bottom left mesh −v1 + 4 (3 − 2) + 8 (3 − 4) =

0
so v1 = −4 V.
(checked using LNAP 8/14/02)
P 4.5-4 Determine the mesh currents, ia and
ib, in the circuit shown in
Figure P 4.5-4.

Figure P 4.5-4

Solution:
25 ia − 2 + 250 ia + 75 ia + 4 + 100 (ia − ib ) =0
KVL loop 1:
450 ia −100 ib =
−2

−100(ia − ib ) − 4 + 100 ib + 100 ib + 8 + 200 ib =

0
KVL loop 2:
−100 ia + 500 ib = −4
Solving these equations: ia = − 6.5 mA , ib = − 9.3 mA

(checked using LNAP 8/14/02)

P 4.5-5 Find the current i for the circuit of Figure P 4.5-5.

Hint: A short circuit can be treated as a 0-V voltage source.

Figure P 4.5-5
Solution:
Mesh Equations:

mesh 1 : 2i1 + 2 (i1 − i2 ) + 10 =0

mesh 2 : 2(i2 − i1 ) + 4 (i2 − i3 ) =0
mesh 3 : − 10 + 4 (i3 − i2 ) + 6 i3 =0
Solving:
5
i= i2 ⇒ i = − = −0.294 A
17

(checked using LNAP 8/14/02)

P 4.6-2 Find vc for the circuit shown in

Figure P 4.6-2.
Answer: vc = 15 V

Figure P 4.6-2
Solution:
Mesh currents:
mesh a: ia = − 0.25 A
mesh b: ib = − 0.4 A
Ohm’s Law:
= vc 100(ia − ib ) = 100(0.15) =15 V
P 4.6-4 Find vc for the circuit shown in
Figure P 4.6-4.

Figure P 4.6-4

Solution:

Express the current source current in terms of

the mesh currents:
ib= ia − 0.02
Apply KVL to the supermesh:

250 ia + 100 (ia − 0.02) + 9 =0

∴ ia = − .02 A = − 20 mA
vc =
100(ia − 0.02) =
−4 V

(checked using LNAP 8/14/02)

P 4.6-8 Determine values of the mesh currents, i1,
i2, and i3, in the circuit shown in Figure P 4.6-8.

Figure P 4.6-8

Solution: Use units of V, mA and kΩ. Express the currents to the supermesh to get
i1 − i 3 =
2

Apply KVL to the supermesh to get

) 0
4 ( i 3 − i 3 ) + (1) i 3 − 3 + (1) ( i1 − i 2= ⇒ i1 − 5 i 2 + 5 i=
3 3

Apply KVL to mesh 2 to get

2i 2 + 4 ( i 2 − i 3 ) + (1) ( i 2 − i1 )= 0 ⇒ ( −1) i1 + 7i 2 − 4i 3= 0

Solving, e.g. using MATLAB, gives

 1 0 −1  i1   2   i 1   3
 1 −5 5  i  =  3  ⇒
   
  2   i 2  = 1
 −1 7 −4  i 3   0  i 3  1
 

(checked: LNAP 6/21/04)

P4.7-2 Determine the values of the power supplied
by the voltage source and by the CCCS in the
circuit shown Figure P4.7-2

Figure P4.7-2

Solution: First, label the mesh currents, taking advantage of the current sources. Next, express the resistor
currents in terms of the mesh currents:

4000 i a + 2000 ( 6 i a ) − 2 = 0 ⇒ i a =
1
Apply KVL to the left mesh: = 0.125 mA
8
The 2 A voltage source supplies 2 i a= 2 ( 0.125 ×10−3 =
) 0.25 mW
The CCCS supplies ( 5 i a ) ( 2000 ) ( 6 i a ) =( 60 ×10 )( 0.125 ×10 )
3 −3 2
=0.9375 ×10−3 =0.9375 mW

P 4.7-4 Determine the mesh current ia for the

circuit shown in Figure P 4.7-4.
Answer: ia = –24 mA

Figure P 4.7-4

Solution: Express the controlling voltage of the dependent source as a function of the mesh current:

=vb 100 (.006 − ia )

Apply KVL to the right mesh:

−100 (.006 − ia ) + 3 [100(.006 − ia ) ] + 250 ia =0 ⇒ ia =

−24 mA

(checked using LNAP 8/14/02)

P 4.7-9 Determine the value of the resistance R
in the circuit shown in Figure P 4.7-9.

Figure P 4.7-9
Solution:
Notice that i b and 0.5 mA are the mesh currents. Apply KCL at the top node of the dependent source to get
1
i b + 0.5 ×10−3= 4 i b ⇒ i b=
mA
6
Apply KVL to the supermesh corresponding to the dependent source to get

( )
−5000 i b + (10000 + R ) 0.5 ×10−3 − 25 =
0
1 
(
−5000  ×10−3  + (10000 + R ) 0.5 ×10−3 =
6 
25 )
125
= R =6 41.67 kΩ
0.5 ×10−3
(checked: LNAP 6/21/04)

P4.7-15 Determine the values of the mesh currents i1 and i2 for the circuit shown in Figure P4.7-15.

Figure P4.7-15
Solution: Expressing the dependent source currents in terms of the mesh currents we get:

i1 =4 i a =4 ( i 2 + 1) ⇒ 4 =i1 − 4 i 2
Apply KVL to mesh 2 to get

2 i 2 + 2 ( i 2 + 1) − 2 ( i1 − i 2 ) =0 ⇒ − 2 =−2 i1 + 6 i 2
Solving these equations using MATLAB we
get

i1 = −8 A and i2 = −3 A

P 4.8-2 The circuit shown in Figure P 4.8-2 has two

inputs, vs and is, and one output vo. The output is related
to the inputs by the equation
vo = ais + bvs
where a and b are constants to be determined. Determine
the values a and b by
(a) writing and solving mesh equations and
(b) writing and solving node equations.

Figure P 4.8-2

Solution:
(a) Apply KVL to meshes 1 and 2:

32i1 − v s + 96 ( i1 − i s ) =
0
v s + 30i 2 + 120 ( i 2 − i s ) =
0
150i 2 =
+120i s − v s
4 vs
=
i2 is −
5 150
1
= =
v o 30i 2 24i s − v s
5
So a = 24 and b = -.02.

(b)
Apply KCL to the supernode corresponding to
the voltage source to get
 va − (vs + vo ) va − vo vs + vo vo
+ = +
96 32 120 30
So
vs + vo vo vs vo
is = + = +
120 30 120 24
Then
1
=
v o 24i s − v s
5

So a = 24 and b = -0.2.
(checked: LNAP 5/24/04)