The Symptoms and Causes of Mesothelioma

Mesothelioma is a rare form of cancer that occurs in the thin tissue that lines most
of the internal organs (mesothelium). The doctor divides mesothelioma into
several types based on which part of this cancer occurs.
 Pleural malignant mesothelioma, which occurs in the tissue lining around
the lungs and is the most common type.
 Peritoneal mesothelioma, occurring in tissues that line the stomach.
 Pericardial mesothelioma, occurring in the tissue lining around the heart.
 Mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis, occurs in the lining around the
testicles
The symptoms of Mesothelioma

Signs and the symptoms of mesothelioma varies based on where the cancer
occurs.

Pleural mesothelioma, signs and symptoms include:

• Shortness of breath
• Pain when breathing
• Pain when coughing
• Pain in the lower rib
• an unusual lump in the chest under the skin layer
• Lost weight suddenly
• Dry cough

Peritoneal mesothelioma, signs and symptoms include:

• Pain in abdomen
• Swelling in the abdomen
• Changes in bowel movements, such as more frequent diarrhea or constipation
• Lump in the tissues in the abdominal area
• Lost weight suddenly
Other forms of mesothelioma
Signs and the symptoms pericardial mesothelioma and tunica vaginalis are
unclear. On health , there is no complete information about this. Pericardial
mesothelioma have signs and symptoms that may include difficulty breathing or
chest pain. While mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis can be detected first by the
enlargement of the testicles.

The Causes of Mesothelioma

In general, cancer occurs when cell DNA mutation. This mutation makes the cells
continued to grow and flourish while others have normal cell cycles of life and
death. Accumulation of cancer cells can form a malignant tumor.

It is unclear what causes the initial genetic mutations that lead to mesothelioma
although scientists identify factors that may increase the risk. Cancer may result
from a combination of several factors, such as heredity, environment, health
condition and lifestyle.

Benign pleural mesothelioma

Benign tumors that form in the chest sometimes called benign mesothelioma. But
the term is misleading. Benign mesothelioma is not started on the same cell where
the cancer is formed. And in some cases kacil, benign mesothelioma can be very
aggressive. For this reason, some doctors now prefer to call this tumor as a
solitary fibrous tumor.

Solitary fibrous tumors usually do not cause signs and the symptoms. It is unclear
what caused the solitary fibrous tumor, but tumors are associated with asbestos
contamination pollutants. Treatment for solitary fibrous tumors usually includes
surgery procedures.
 How to Solve Eating Difficulty in Children?

Eating difficulty is an issue that is so fundamental and often case to children.

Sometimes, when a child is so difficult to chew food invited to make us frustrated.
Since then, usually we will try a variety of ways like providing herbal appetite
enhancers and hunting child’s favorite foods every day. The matters the child
eating disorder also intrigued our interest to make an article about tips to
overcome the difficult child to eat. Here are the details.
Serve meals with small portions

Maybe the kid does not like the size of your portions that so reluctant to eat the
food there. Many children are ilfeel after seeing a sizable portion. So, try to give a
little so that they can eat faster and do not get bored in spend food.

Get together with family

Do not let children eat alone and we need to create an atmosphere of togetherness
when the child was time to eat. For example, you and your husband are on the
table then eat foods together. With the atmosphere of togetherness, then the
child’s appetite will occur slowly.

Provide healthy snacks

One of the things that concern by parents is the development of the child if he did
not want to eat. Of course, when children are fussy eaters then its growth will be
stunted and not as friends. One of the best ways to keep it is to try to give
nutritional healthy snack. Give interesting snacks such as nuts, dried fruits, and
nutritious bread.

Variety of food and a nice appearance

Perhaps, he needs a variety of foods that your appetite he has incurred. For
example, you could give spinach on the first day, broccoli on the second day, and
chicken-based dishes in the next day. Variety of foods is a very important thing to
prevent children from boredom and the desire not to eat.

However, there is one more thing that could trigger a child’s appetite, which is an
interesting food dish. For example, you can cook carrots to form a star or a unique
object. Children will be attracted by the shape and believed to increase appetite.
Hopefully, some difficulty eating kids tips above can help you.
Treating Congenital Heart Disease Children Without Surgery

Along with technological advances in medicine, children with congenital heart

disease (CHD) is no longer necessary to have an operation or surgery. Non-
surgical interventions have been carried out many pediatric heart centers,
including in Indonesia.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a problem that is quite prominent in the field
of child health. One in 100 babies are born suffering from CHD, ranging from the
types of mild to severe or complex. With the number of births of about 4.5 million
per year today, then in Indonesia is estimated no less than 45,000 newborn babies
will have that congenital heart disease.

PJB contributed importantly to the high infant mortality rate in the country,
including developing countries such as Indonesia. About 30 percent of babies or
children who suffer from congenital heart disease should have surgery in the form
of corrective action or actions on the optimal timing of intervention, so that
children can grow and develop properly.

Without Surgery or No Surgery

Children with CHD should have suffered the most of the operations which of
course had no small risk. In addition to very cause concern to parents and
families, action open to orperasi heart (with bypass) in children requires an
adequate range of facilities ranging from operating rooms, intensive care unit
(ICU), as well as educated and trained professionals, such as cardiac surgeon,
anesthesiologist , perfusionis, and skilled care. In addition, pediatric patients also
require longer treatment than adult patients. Additionally, the surgery will leave
scars on your chest surgery or chest wall.

Along with technological advances in medicine, particularly in the field of

interventional cardiology children (interventional pediatric cardiology), most
children with CHD no longer need to have surgery or surgery. Some of CHD are
frequently found, such as a PDA (patent ductus arteriosus), ASD (atrial septal
defects), and VSD (ventricular septal defects) can be corrected by using the 'tools'
in the form of coils or Amplatzer occluder.

Interventions for CHD

Some of CHD can be corrected with the Amplatzer occluder, among others:

PDA (patent ductus arteriosus)

PDA is an abnormality in the channel that connects the existing blood vessels in
the heart (the aorta and pulmonary artery). PDA occupies 5-19 percent of the
portion of existing CHD cases and more common in girls.

Currently the treatment of PDA with interventional procedures (Transcatheter

closure) is a method selected from the last decade. Unless the size of the PDA is
not suitable, eg too large or occur in small babies, including newborns.

PDAs require closure to prevent the occurrence of heart failure. Closure is done
by using a device (Amplatzer Duct Coils and Onccluder) through the usual
procedures such as cardiac catheterization. Many studies dilakakukan at the heart
of the service centers around the world show that non-surgical PDA closure
procedure is very effective with a success rate to 99%.

ASD (Atrial Septal Defects)

ASD approximately 19% of all congenital heart disease. Often show no clinical
symptoms, but if it is severe the child will show symptoms of shortness of breath,
rapid fatigue and exercise intolerance (skills activity) decreased. First, ASD
should be corrected with surgery using an open surgical procedure (open heart
surgery), with a heart-lung machine, which of course had no small risk.

Today, ASD closure technique without surgery by using a device (Transcatheter

closure) is one option that has been a lot done around the world with very
satisfactory results. ASD closure using the Amplatzer Septal occluder (ASO) has
been widely reported to show high effectiveness and safety.

VSD (Ventricular Septal Defects)

CHD is the type most often found in children with percentages around 20% -25%.
VSD can cause increased blood flow to the lungs so that it can cause heart failure.
VSD closure with interventional procedures using the Amplatzer occluder
ventricle (AVO) is an alternative treatment without surgery.

VSD closure using AVO was effective and safe, but need to watch out for
complications in the form of impaired flow of blood vessels in total on the
atrioventricular (AV block). These complications can occur due to installation of
the AVO with a size larger than the size of the defect.
http://artikel-bahasainggris.blogspot.co.id/2011/08/treating-congenital-heart-
disease.html

Terjemahan:
Seiring dengan kemajuan teknologi di bidang kedokteran, anak-anak dengan
penyakit jantung bawaan (PJB) tidak lagi diperlukan untuk memiliki operasi atau
pembedahan. Intervensi non-bedah telah dilakukan banyak pusat jantung anak,
termasuk di Indonesia.

Penyakit jantung bawaan (CHD) merupakan masalah yang cukup menonjol di

bidang kesehatan anak. Satu di 100 bayi lahir menderita PJK, mulai dari jenis
ringan sampai berat atau kompleks. Dengan jumlah kelahiran sekitar 4,5 juta per
tahun saat ini, maka di Indonesia diperkirakan tidak kurang dari 45.000 bayi yang
baru lahir akan memiliki penyakit jantung bawaan.
PJB memberikan kontribusi penting terhadap tingginya angka kematian bayi di
negara itu, termasuk negara-negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Sekitar 30
persen bayi atau anak-anak yang menderita penyakit jantung bawaan harus
menjalani operasi dalam bentuk tindakan perbaikan atau tindakan pada waktu
yang optimal dari intervensi, sehingga anak-anak dapat tumbuh dan berkembang
dengan baik.
Tanpa Operasi atau Tidak Bedah
Anak-anak dengan PJK harus menderita sebagian besar operasi yang tentu saja
tidak memiliki risiko kecil. Selain sangat menimbulkan kekhawatiran bagi orang
tua dan keluarga, tindakan terbuka untuk orperasi hati (dengan memotong) pada
anak-anak membutuhkan berbagai memadai fasilitas mulai dari kamar operasi,
unit perawatan intensif (ICU), serta profesional terdidik dan terlatih, seperti ahli
bedah jantung, anestesi, perfusionis, dan perawatan terampil. Selain itu, pasien
anak juga memerlukan pengobatan lebih lama dari pasien dewasa. Selain itu,
operasi akan meninggalkan bekas luka pada bedah dada atau dinding dada.
Seiring dengan kemajuan teknologi di bidang kedokteran, khususnya di
bidang kardiologi intervensi anak (kardiologi pediatrik intervensi), sebagian besar
anak-anak dengan penyakit jantung koroner tidak perlu lagi menjalani operasi
atau pembedahan. Beberapa PJK sering ditemukan, seperti PDA (ductus arteriosus
paten), ASD (defek septum atrium), dan VSD (defek septum ventrikel) dapat
dikoreksi dengan menggunakan 'alat' dalam bentuk gulungan atau Amplatzer
occluder.

Intervensi untuk PJK

Beberapa PJK dapat diperbaiki dengan occluder Amplatzer, antara lain:

PDA (ductus arteriosus paten)

PDA adalah kelainan pada saluran yang menghubungkan pembuluh darah yang
ada di jantung (aorta dan arteri pulmonalis). PDA menempati 5-19 persen porsi
kasus PJK yang ada dan lebih sering terjadi pada anak perempuan.

Saat ini pengobatan PDA dengan prosedur intervensi (penutupan Transcatheter)

adalah metode yang dipilih dari satu dekade terakhir. Kecuali ukuran PDA tidak
cocok, misalnya terlalu besar atau terjadi pada bayi kecil, termasuk bayi yang baru
lahir.
PDA memerlukan penutupan untuk mencegah terjadinya gagal jantung.
Penutupan dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkat (Amplatzer Duct Coils dan
Onccluder) melalui prosedur biasa seperti kateterisasi jantung. Banyak penelitian
dilakakukan di jantung pusat layanan di seluruh dunia menunjukkan bahwa
prosedur penutupan PDA non-bedah sangat efektif dengan tingkat keberhasilan
99%.

ASD (Atrial Septal Cacat)

ASD sekitar 19% dari seluruh penyakit jantung bawaan. Sering tidak
menunjukkan gejala klinis, tetapi jika sudah parah anak akan menunjukkan gejala
sesak napas, cepat lelah dan intoleransi latihan (aktivitas keterampilan) menurun.
Pertama, ASD harus dikoreksi dengan operasi menggunakan prosedur bedah
terbuka (operasi jantung terbuka), dengan mesin jantung-paru, yang tentu saja
tidak memiliki risiko kecil.

Hari ini, teknik penutupan ASD tanpa operasi dengan menggunakan perangkat
(Transcatheter penutupan) adalah salah satu pilihan yang telah banyak dilakukan
di seluruh dunia dengan hasil yang sangat memuaskan. Penutupan ASD
Amplatzer Septal menggunakan occluder (ASO) telah banyak dilaporkan
menunjukkan efektivitas dan keamanan yang tinggi.
VSD (Ventricular Septal Cacat)

PJK adalah jenis yang paling sering ditemukan pada anak-anak dengan persentase
sekitar 20% -25%. VSD dapat menyebabkan peningkatan aliran darah ke paru-
paru sehingga bisa menyebabkan gagal jantung. Penutupan VSD dengan prosedur
intervensi menggunakan Amplatzer occluder ventrikel (AVO) adalah pengobatan
alternatif tanpa operasi.

Penutupan VSD menggunakan AVO efektif dan aman, namun perlu diwaspadai
komplikasi berupa gangguan aliran pembuluh darah secara total pada
atrioventrikular (AV block). Komplikasi ini dapat terjadi karena instalasi dari
AVO dengan ukuran lebih besar dari ukuran cacat.