HSUPA - UL Grant/E-AGCH,E-RGCH

In HSDPA case, data source is NodeB and destination is UE. Since Network (the data
source) is the master and it has all the authorities for data transmission scheduling,
it doesn't need any Grant ("approval for data transmission"). Basically Network can
transmit the data anytime it is ready. But in HSUPA case the situation is different. The
data source is UE and Network is data sinc(reciever), but UE is not the master of the
scheduling. Network is scheduling master all the time. It means that in HSUPA, the
transmitter (UE in this case) has to have "approval for transmission" from the data
reciever (Network in this case). The "Approval for transmission" is called "UL Grant", and
overall mechanism for UL Grant and data transmission in HSUPA goes as follows.
As you see, there are two different types of UL Grant called "Absolute Grant" carried by
AGCH(Absolute Grant Channel) and "Relative Grant" carried by RGCH(Relative Grant
Channel).
Absolute Grant is being transmitted by the network every TTI and it is transmitted to the
all UE communicating to the network.
Relative Grant can be transmitted only at the TTI in which PHICH is not transmitted.

Following is some key notes for UL Grant

 AGCH can be transmitted by only Serving Cell
 Serving Cell can transmit any of RGCH value (UP, HOLD, DOWN)
 Non-Serving Cell can send only RGCH and cannot transmit AGCH.
 Non-Serving Call can send only DOWN and HOLD value of RGCH (No UP valu)

< Details of AGCH >

Followings are the type of information carried by AGCH.
 UE Address : UE-ID(E-RNTI).
o This can be primary or secondary E-RNTI
o Primary and secondary identifier is conveyed through ID-specific CRC
o If secondary identifier is used, the scope is always set to all HARQ
processes
o These address can be set to be common to multiple UEs
 Grant Value : Traffic-to-Pilot Ratio in 5 bits (0~31). Value 0 means "deactivation
of HARQ process".
 HARQ Process Control : Indicator to Deactivate/Activate HARQ Process
o When the Grant Value is 0 (deactivated process), no HARQ process should
be scheduled
o When any value other than 0, a particular or all HARQ process should be
activated
 Scope : Used for HARQ process control in 1 bits.
o Indicate if an HARQ process is for one specific HARQ process or for all
HARQ process
o For 10 ms TTI, the scope is always set to be "All processes"
o Can be used as an indicator to switch between primary and secondary
grant

The value for the Absolute Grant can be 0 ~ 31. Except the value 0~1. All the remaining
value is mapped to a certain level of power value that UE can use for data transmission.
(At the beginning, I was so confused about this value. When we say "Grant", I expected
each of the value would mean "Yes, you can transmit the data and this is the data rate
you can transmit". But what I see from the following Absolute Grant table is "Here is the
amount of power you can use for the data transmission".
Then you may ask "Is there any predefined algorithm running on UE side which maps
this power value to the real data rate ?".
Excellent question ! Yes, there is. UE is performing a special E-TFCI selection algorithm
based on how much power it can use for data transmission and this Grant value
determines "how much power is available for the data transmission".

Following is Absolute Grant table from 25.212 v9.4.0.

< Details of RGCH >

Now let's look into the Relative Grant. Relative Grant carries three different status
(Command), UP, HOLD, DOWN and the meaning of this command is defined in 25.212 as
follows.