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BUSBAR
r Technology and PROTECTION
Protection and Substation Automation
Solutions
APPLICATION
BASICS 1
BBP_basics_1 / 2002-09-28 / RW
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 1
ABB
Topic Objectives
Objectives
r Measurement
- Differential Current Measurement
- Stabilized Differential Current Measurement
- Fault Conditions
r Differential Current Supervision
r Intertripping
BBP_basics_1 / 2002-09-28 / RW
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 2
ABB
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 3
BBP_basics_1 / 2002-09-28 / RW
Measuring Principle
Who knows
Mr. Kirchhoff ?
ABB
Measuring Principle
Kirchhoffs 1st Law: Node Rule
I1 + I2 + I3 = Σ I = 0
BBP_basics_1 / 2002-09-28 / RW
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 4
ABB
Measuring Principle
Kirchhoffs 1st Law: Node Rule
If
I1 + I2 + I3 = Σ I
≠
0
⇒ Fault on the busbar
BBP_basics_1 / 2002-09-28 / RW
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 5
ABB
Measuring Principle
Differential current measurement
Σ I = I1 + I2 + I3
If
ABB
Measuring Principle
Stabilised differential current measurement
Σ I > Ikmin ; and ⇒ Trip Busbar
If
(Σ I / Σ I ) > k Protection
Differential current Idiff= | Σ I |
k= 1
k= 0,85
t
aul
alf Low impedance
n
ter
in measuring
principle !!!
BBP_basics_1 / 2002-09-28 / RW
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 7
no fault
Ikmin
0
Restraint current IRest = Σ | I | ABB
Measuring Principle
Stabilised differential current measurement
Advantage:
load depending tripping value
as more (load / fault) current is flowing on the
busbar
as more differential current is required to generate
a tripping signal
⇒ system is very stable in case of
BBP_basics_1 / 2002-09-28 / RW
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 8
CT failure
CT saturation
ABB
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 9
BBP_basics_1 / 2002-09-28 / RW
Measuring Principle
load depending tripping value
ABB
Measuring Principle load depending tripping value
Busbar fault condition single injection
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 10
BBP_basics_1 / 2002-09-28 / RW
I1 =
1000A
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Measuring Principle load depending tripping value
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Measuring Principle load depending tripping value
∆I = + I1
=+1
= 1 kA
Σl = + + I1
= + 1 kA
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 12
BBP_basics_1 / 2002-09-28 / RW
= 1 kA
ABB
Measuring Principle load depending tripping value
no fault
Ikmin
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 13
0
BBP_basics_1 / 2002-09-28 / RW
I1 = I2 = I3 = I4 =
1000A 2500A 1500A 2000A
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Measuring Principle load depending tripping value
ABB
Measuring Principle load depending tripping value
∆I = + I1 + I2 + I3 + I4
= + 1 kA + 2.5 kA + 1.5 kA + 2 kA
= 7 kA
Σl = + + I1+ + I2 + + I3 + + I4
= + 1 kA + 2.5 kA + 1.5 kA + 2 kA
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 16
BBP_basics_1 / 2002-09-28 / RW
= 7 kA
ABB
Measuring Principle load depending tripping value
no fault
Ikmin
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 17
0
BBP_basics_1 / 2002-09-28 / RW
I1 =
6000A
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 18
BBP_basics_1 / 2002-09-28 / RW
I2 = I3 = I4 =
2500A 1500A 2000A
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Measuring Principle External fault condition
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Measuring Principle External fault condition
∆I = + I1 + I2 + I3 + I4
= - 6 kA + 2.5 kA + 1.5 kA + 2 kA
= 0 kA
Σl = + + I1+ + I2 + + I3 + + I4
= + 6 kA + 2.5 kA + 1.5 kA + 2 kA
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 20
BBP_basics_1 / 2002-09-28 / RW
= 12 kA
ABB
Measuring Principle External fault condition
no fault
Ikmin
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 21
0
BBP_basics_1 / 2002-09-28 / RW
I1 =
CT shorted !!!
6000A
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 22
BBP_basics_1 / 2002-09-28 / RW
I2 = I3 = I4 =
2500A 1500A 2000A
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Measuring Principle Current transformer failure
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Measuring Principle Current transformer failure
∆I = + I1 + I2 + I3 + I4
=
=
Σl = + + I1+ + I2 + + I3 + + I4
=
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 24
BBP_basics_1 / 2002-09-28 / RW
ABB
Measuring Principle Current transformer failure
no fault
Ikmin
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 25
0
BBP_basics_1 / 2002-09-28 / RW
ABB
Measuring Principle Current transformer failure
during fault condition (ΙΙ)
CT shorted !!!
I1 =
6000A
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 26
BBP_basics_1 / 2002-09-28 / RW
I2 = I3 = I4 =
2500A 1500A 2000A
ABB
Measuring Principle Current transformer failure
ABB
Measuring Principle Current transformer failure
∆I = + I1 + I2 + I3 + I4
=
=
Σl = + + I1+ + I2 + + I3 + + I4
=
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 28
BBP_basics_1 / 2002-09-28 / RW
ABB
Measuring Principle Current transformer failure
no fault
Ikmin
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 29
0
BBP_basics_1 / 2002-09-28 / RW
ABB
Measuring Principle Current transformer failure
during load condition
CT shorted !!!
I1 =
600A
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 30
BBP_basics_1 / 2002-09-28 / RW
I2 = I3 = I4 =
250A 150A 200A
ABB
Measuring Principle Current transformer failure
ABB
Measuring Principle Current transformer failure
∆I = + I1 + I2 + I3 + I4
=
=
Σl = + + I1+ + I2 + + I3 + + I4
=
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 32
BBP_basics_1 / 2002-09-28 / RW
ABB
Measuring Principle Current transformer failure
no fault
Ikmin
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 33
0
BBP_basics_1 / 2002-09-28 / RW
ABB
How is it possible to detect
failures in the CT circuits
???
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 34
BBP_basics_1 / 2002-09-28 / RW
ABB
Differential Current Supervision
⇒ Differential Current Alarm
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Differential Current Supervision
ABB
Differential Current Supervision
ABB
Differential Current Supervision
ABB
Intertripping
Tripping flow chart
Measurement Intertripping
system system
TRIP CB
TRIP BBP
trip all CBs TRIP CB
ABB
ABB