Impedance Spectroscopy

Chair for Measurement and Sensor Technology

http://www.tu-chemnitz.de/etit/messtech/ Prof. Dr.-Ing. O. Kanoun
Research Focus
Impedance spectroscopy involves improvements of measurement information and permits the extraction of spectrally
distributed information. It provides extended possibilities to separate effects, to improve accuracy of measurement
and to determine inaccessible measurement quantities. By physical and mathematical signal processing measuring
systems for various applications can be realized. The research areas include:
o Battery diagnosis: Li-Ion batteries, state of charge, state of health, state of function, physical-chemical modeling,
simulation models, fast spectroscopy methods, robust parameter extraction by evolutionary methods
o Soil moisture measurement independent on soil type: Automatic soil type classification, self-test procedures,
statistical methods of signal processing, correction of influence factors
o Wire faults detection: Detection of cable failures, measurement of cable impedance profiles, measurement
methods, signal processing, correlation methods
o Material
M t i l characterization
h t i ti by b impedance
i d spectroscopy:
t M
Measurement t methods,
th d atomic
t i force
f microscopy,
i modeling
d li
and signal processing, characterization of materials and material layers

Impedance Spectroscopy Wire Faults Detection

Diagnosis by Time Domain Reflectometry
Information about Device Under Test By using Time Domain
• Resistive part: (DUT) Reflectometry a stimulus
real part of impedance
• Capacitive part: Mathematical
propagates down the wire
physical
imaginary part of impedance Approach
Approach and reflects whenever a
• at several frequencies change in impedance
IS- Experiment Physical Modeling Mathematical occurs. By measurement
Methods
M th d
Signal processing U ~ (f) Interface Effects, off the
th delay
d l between
b t th
the
I~ (f)
U~(f) Material Structure,
Diffusion Processes, …
Parameter stimulus and reflections
Separation
I~ (f) faults can be detected.
Equivalent Circuit

Z(f)
or
Y(f) Impedance Spectroscopy Diagnosis by Impedance
stimulates the transmission
Parameter Extraction Spectroscopy
line with a sinusoid that is
R1 ,..., C1 ,...
increased in discrete fre-
Calculation of the Measured Quantity quency steps.
steps The wire
impedance and digital signal
Compared with the simply resistive, capacitive and inductive measurement the processing can be used to
frequency depend real and imaginary part of impedance will be measured. By determine the fault locations.
means of physical Modeling and mathematical Methods Impedance Spectroscopy
can be used for various applications.

Battery Diagnosis
Stimulus Example: Diagnosis of lithium ion cells Material Characterization by Impedance Spectroscopy
0.1
For the characterization of nanostructures impedance spectroscopy can be used.
By measuring the frequency depending behavior of materials and material
I /A

0
systems beneath electrical properties also structural properties can be extracted.
-0.1
0 50 100 150
t/s
200 250 300 By using a c-AFM setup a huge spatial resolution up to a few nm can be reached.
Hardware developments focused on the implementation of the impedance
-4
10 spectroscopy in traditional characterization setups.
-6
10
I /A

-8 DUT DUT DUT

10
-10
Experimental Measurements
10
0 2 4 f/Hz 6 8 Variation of
Ω cm

0.4
Discrete Fourier Transform ÆElectrode Material and
/ MΩ

Syst. 1 Syst. 2
-XXin

0.2

Material Systems ÆContact Dimensions

0.0
0 0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 ÆDiff ti l M
ÆDifferential Measurementt
Soil Moisture Measurement with Soil Type Recognition R in Ω

This method dictates the relationship between the real part and the imaginary part Signal Processing
of impedance. Using KK-transformation for real part of impedance it is possible to
E.g.: The brick layer model ÆParameter Extraction
get corresponding imaginary part. Comparison of that result with measured
ÆModel Optimization
imaginary part allows make decision about consistency of measurements. KK-
Inhomogeneous, ÆSeparation of Effects
method was carried out by the use of so-called measurement model.
Layered and
Temperature Structured Materials
Signal Pre-Processing
Re(Y(f)) compensation
Measured Im(Y(f)) Compensation of Physical Modeling
using
g the basis-
D t
Data f I t f
Interferences
T function method Meat Analysis
Data Preparation & Cable effects 4
x 10
-3

Feature extraction Feature Extraction compensation Huhn

3 Kalb
1000Hz
Rind
Signal Processing
Im(Y) / S

2 Schwein
100Hz

Soil Type Characterization 1

40Hz 10000Hz
Principal Components 1000000Hz
100000Hz
Analysis (PCA) using 0
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.012
the Singular Value Moisture Calculation Re(Y) / S

Decomposition (SVD) B using

By i i
impedance
d spectroscopy
t th type
the t and
d age off the
th meatt can be
b
method Soil Type θ determined with a sufficient reliability. Experimental results show that the
FLO
impedance spectrum shows different characteristic points which change their
values either with meat type or meat age.
Classification of EBE
Example of
soil types using soil moisture detection Contact: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Olfa Kanoun
PC2

MIT
ALT GS
k-nearest for an already known Phone: +49 (0)371 531 36931
neighbor method soil type (ALT) E-Mail: kanoun@ieee.org
PC1 http://www.tu-chemnitz.de/etit/messtech/