Teacher : Tri Yuli Ardiyansah

Mobile : 081234029213
Email : tri.thirteen@gmail.com
Subject : Advanced English Grammar
Class : English Department – Morning & Evening Class
Semester : III
Meeting : #02

Advanced English Grammar

Problems with Subject (Subject’s Existence):

 _______ was backed up for miles on the freeway.
a) In the afternoon
b) Last night
c) Cars
d) Traffic

The answer is “C” because it contains the singular subject “Traffic” that agrees with the
singular verb “was”.

Problems with Verbs (Verb’s Existence):

 Engineers _______ for work on the new space program.
a) unfortunately
b) next week
c) are needed
d) necessary

The answer is “C” because “are needed” works as a verb of the sentence.

 The boy _______ going to the movies with a friend.

a) will be
b) is relaxing
c) he always was
d) he is

The answer is “A”, “will be” together with “going” is a complete verb
Form of the Verb:
 Base Form (V-I)
 Present (V-s/es)
 Present Participle (V-ing)
 Past (V-II)
 Past Participle (V-III)

Present or Past:
Know when to use the present or/with the past

 He took the money when he wants it

The sentence above is incorrect because it is not logical to do something in the past as a
result of something you want in the present

 He took the money when he wanted it

The sentence above is correct, it means “he took the money” (in the past), “when he wanted
it” (in the past).

 He takes the money when he wants it

The sentence above is correct, “he takes the money (habitually), “when he wants it”
(habitually).

 I know he took the money yesterday

Possible sentence to have both the present and the present tense. The meaning of the
sentence is logical: “I know” (right now, in the present), “that he took the money
(yesterday, in the past).

Present or Past: Practice

1. I tell him the truth when he asked me the question
Incorrect: tell  told
2. I understand that you were angry
Correct
3. When he was a child, he always goes to the circus
Incorrect: goes  went
4. Steve wakes up early morning because he went to work early
Incorrect: went  goes
Use of Present Participle:
 The child _______ playing in the yard is my son.
a) was
b) is
c) now
d) he

“C” is the correct answer because “playing” is not part of the verb, it works as
participial adjective rather than a verb because there is another verb in the sentence
“is”.

 Incorrect : Those travelers are completing their trip on Delta should report to Gate Three
 Correct : Those travelers completing their trip on Delta should report to Gate Three

Use of Present participle: Practice

1. The companies offering the lowest prices will have the most customers
Correct
2. The advertisements were announcing the half-day sale received a lot of attention
Incorrect: double verb

Use of Past participle:

 The packages _______ mailed at the post office will arrive Monday.
a) just
b) them
c) have
d) were

The correct answer is “A” because “mailed” is a participial adjective and not part of the
verb.

 Incorrect : The money was offered by the client was not accepted
 Correct : The money offered by the client was not accepted

Use of Past participle: Practice

1. The car listed in the advertisement had already stalled
Correct
2. The chapters were taught by the professor this morning will be on the next week’s exam
Incorrect: double verb
Use of Have and Had
 Sue has lived in Los Angeles for ten years
Correct: it means that Sue has lived in Los Angeles for ten years up to now.
 Sue had lived in Los Angeles for ten years when she moved to San Diego
Correct: it means that Sue lived in Los Angeles for ten years in the past before she moved
to San Diego in the past.

Use of Have and Had: Practice

1. When she had purchased the car, she contacted the insurance agent
Correct
2. Because her proposal had been rejected, she is depressed
Incorrect: had  has

Problems with Modal

The verb that follows modal is in its base form (V-I)
1. The salesclerk might lower the price
Correct: lower is a verb
2. The television movie will finishes in a few minute
Incorrect: finishes  finish
3. Should everyone arrive by 8:00?
Correct
4. The machine may clicks off if it is overused
Incorrect: clicks  clicks

Passive
Active : The subject does the action of the verb
Passive: The subject receives the action of the verb

• Correct (Active) : Margaret wrote the letter yesterday

• Correct (Passive) : The letter was written yesterday by Margaret

Passive: Practice
1. The boy had never be stung by a bee
Incorrect: be  been
2. The suits were hung in the closet when they were returned from the cleaners
Correct
3. The car parked in a no-parking zone
Incorrect: park  was parked
4. The physics exam began just a few minute ago
Correct
Exercise:

1. Last semester her reads seven books and wrote five papers
2. Mark studied at the American University when he is in Washington, D.C
3. Tom keeps studying because he intended to go to dental school
4. He put some money in his account when he goes to the bank
5. The speaker was trying to make his point was often interrupted vociferously
6. The ports were reached by the sailors were under the control of a foreign nation
7. After the votes were counted, it had been determined that Steve was the winner
8. She will work on the project only if she can has a full-time secretary
9. Money is lending by the credit union to those who want to buy homes
10. The package containing the necessary samples has just sent

“In learning you will teach, and in teaching you will learn”
Phil Collins