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NATURAL SEASONING
ARTIFICIAL SEASONING
UNIT III TIMBER 8
Classification of trees, structure of trees, Defects in timber, Storage of timber, Uses of
timber, characteristics, seasoning of timber, Defects and diseases, Decay of timber,
Preservation, Fire resistance, Conservation of timber.
UNIT IV TIMBER PRODUCTS 8
Market forms of timber, Industrial timber, - Veneers and Veneer Plywoods, Particle board,
Hard board, Fibre board, Block board and Lamin boards, Laminates, advantages and
Blockboard uses.
UNIT V PAINTING AND VARNISHING IN TIMBER 7
Composition, characteristics, preparation, Primer, Painting different surfaces. Enamels,
Paint, Varnishing – types of varnishing Miscellaneous paints, defects, uses and cost of
materials.
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
SEASONING
Newly felled tree contains – 50% of its weight in water.
WATER – is I the form of 1. FREE MOISTURE
2. BOUND MOISTURE
The process of drying timber is known as seasoning of timber and that moisture
should be removed under controlled conditions as nearly as uniformly as possible.
Wood is a hygroscopic material.
OBJECTIVE OF SEASONING
Allows timber to burn readily
Decreases weight of timber
Imparts hardness, stiffness and strength.
Increases resisting power of timber to decay.
Makes timber easily workable.
Makes it suitable for receiving paints, for jointing and gluing.
Reduces the tendency of timber to crack, shrink and warp.
METHODS OF SEASONING
NATURAL SEASONING ARTIFICIAL SEASONING
Carried out by natural air. Various methods of
Also known as AIR artificial seasoning are
SEASONING
BOILING
CHEMICAL SEASONING
ELECTRICAL SEASONING
KILN SEASONING
WATER SEASONING
NATURAL SEASONING
Timber Planks
Spacers
1. Progressive
2. Ccompartment
1. Species
2. Size
3. Quantity
Progressive Seasoning
In the progressive kiln, timber enters at one end and
moves progressively through the kiln much as a car
moves through a tunnel.
Temperature and humidity differentials are maintained
throughout the length of the kiln so that the lumber
charge is progressively dried as it moves from one end
to the other.
Progressive kilns may be further subdivided into natural
draft kilns in which heated air is allowed to rise
through the material by natural convection,
and forced draft kilns in which fans are employed to
force the air through the wood. A progressive kiln has
the stack on trolleys that ‘progressively’ travel through
chambers that change the conditions as it travels
through the varying atmospheres.
Progressive Kiln
The advantage of this system,
although much larger, has a continuous
flow of seasoned timber coming off line
Compartmental Seasoning:
A compartment kiln is a single enclosed container or
building, etc.
QUARTER SAWING
1. Tendency to cup i.e. to curve in a
transverse direction
2. When applied to wood, not having
distinct medullar rays ►this method
produces very fine wood
TANGENTIAL SAWING
1. Boards or planks sawn
RIFT OR RADIAL SAWING tangentially to annual rings
1. Timber cut parallel to medullar rays and 2. Not suitable for flooring
perpendicular to annual rings 3. Planks cut by this method
warp too much
INDUSTRIAL TIMBER
VENEERS
PLYWOODS
FIBREBOARDS
IMPREG TIMBER
COMPREG TIMBER
VENEERS
veneer refers to thin slices of
wood, usually thinner than 3 mm
(1/8 inch), that are typically glued
onto core panels (typically, wood,
particle board or medium-
density fiberboard) to produce
flat panels
MAHOGANY
OAK
ROSEWOOD
SISOO
TEAK
INTERIOR APPLICATIONS
PLYWOODS
Plywood is a manufactured wood, made by
gluing together a number of thin veneers or
plies of softwood or hardwood.
A common reason for using plywood instead of
plain wood is its resistance to cracking,
shrinkage, twisting/warping, and its general high
degree of strength.
Also, plywood can be manufactured in sheets far
wider than the trees from which it was made. It
has replaced many dimensional lumbers on
construction applications for these reasons
1. Plywood for indoor use
generally uses the less
expensive urea-formaldehyde
glue which has limited water
resistance, while outdoor and
marine-grade plywood are
designed to withstand rot,
and use a water resistant
phenol-formaldehyde glue to
prevent delamination and to
retain strength in high
humidity
2.Marine plywood is specially
treated to resist rotting in a
high-moisture environment.
Marine plywood is frequently
used in the construction of
docks and boats. It is much
more expensive than standard
plywood:
Applications
Plywood is used in many applications that
need high-quality, high-strength sheet
material.
Quality in this context means resistance
to cracking, breaking, shrinkage, twisting
and warping
Softwood plywood applications