PERGAMON CHESS SERIES

Chess Scandals
PERGAMON CHESS SERIES

�neral Editor: Da"rid N. L. Levy

Executive Editor: Martin J. Richardson

Some other books in the series

ALEXANDER, C. H. O'D. & BEACH, T. J.

LA:arn Chess: A New Way for All

AVERBAKH, Y.
Chess Endings: Essential Knowledge

BARDEN, L. W.
The Ruy Lopez: Winning Chess with 1P-K4

BELL, A.
The Machine Plays Chess?

CAFFERTY, B. & HOOPER, D.

A Complete Defence to 1P-K4, Second Edition:
A Study of Petroff's Defence

CAFFERTY, B. & HOOPER, D.

A Complete Defence to ld4:
.-\ Study of the Queen's Gambit Accepted

GUGORIC, S. & SOKOLOV, V.

1llc Sicilian Defence, Book 1

H.UTSTON, W. R. & REUBEN, S.

� 1980: Phillips & Drew Kings Chess Tournament

�R.
1llc Oaess Combination from Philidor to Karpov

LE\'Y, D. N. L.
Lana Chess from the World Champions

"'l..lltOVIC, V.
1llc An of Attack in Chess

111NTER. E. G.
W:add Chess Champions
Chess Scandals
THE 1978 WORLD CHESS CHAMPIONSHIP

By

E. B. EDMONDSON

With annotations by Mikhail Tal

based upon his commentary for "64"

PERGAMON PRESS
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FEDERAL REPUBLIC Pergamon Press GmbH, 6242 Kronberg-Taunus,
OF GERMANY Hammerweg 6, Federal Republic of Germany

Copyright © 1981 E. B. Edmondson

All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be

reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in
any form or by any means: electronic, electrostatic,
magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording or
otherwise, without permission in writing from the
publishers!
First edition 1981

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

Edmondson, E. B.
Chess scandals. - (Pergamon chess series)
1. Chess - Tournaments, 1978
I. Title
794.1'57 GV1455 80-42236
ISBN 0-08-024145-X (Hardcover)

Printed in Great Britain by A. Wheaton & Co. Ltd., �ter

 TO NANCY

for her quarter-century of loving encouragement

-first as a "good Air Force wife",
then as an even more understanding chess wife.
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 Preface

The furious dissensions a n d tacti c s - whether deliberate or impulsive -

connected with modern chess matches h a ve not previously been recorded by a
neutr a l pri nci pal , an i n si de r wi th a l l the facts a n d documents available but
with no reason to color hi s di sclosure i n favor of either side. I t w a s to fi ll
this gap i n chess-related knowledge that I determi ned to w ri t e an account of
Karpov-Korchnoi 1978 , perhaps the most acrimonious encounter of all time .

Top-level chess h a s always i nvolved ferocious clashes of wi ll a n d

creati vity , e g o a nCi intellec t . M i x i n political signifi c a nce a n d no-holds­
b arred psychologi c a l warfare , a s in the 1978 World Championship Match , a n d
y o u h ave t h e toughest pressure-cooker imagi n able .

The media a n d the general publi c , once attracted to such a dog-fight ,

tend to concetrate upon i t s sideshow a spect s ; the chess puri st , o f course ,
wants to enj oy a n d understand the g ames . I am positive t h a t Mikhail T a l ' s
a n not a tions , enhanced for publication herein , will e n able you to do the
latte r . In the g ame annotations the text which appears between the ' pawns '
is by Mikh ail T al , other comments are my own . And I believe. t h a t our
sharing a n i n si de look ( from my post a s Secreta ry of the M atch J ury ) wi ll
b rush a w ay the usual reportori al smoke-screen sufficiently to give you - for
the fi rst t ime ever - a. n unob structed vi ew of the offboard going s-on .

E . B . Edmondson
H awaii , September 1980

vii
 Acknowledgements

My deepest thanks to J ames Marfi a , whose spi rited a n d accurate t r a n s­

l ati ons from "64" aided immensely in fi n a li zi n g the g ame a nnotation;,, a n d to
Vi rgilio Pi neda , P aul Slade a n d D ani el Weber for the photograph s . in e ach
case the photographer i s i n di c ated in the c aption by hi s i ni ti a l s .

A n d especi ally t o Davi d N . L . Levy , w h o encouraged m e t o complete the

manuscript .

E. B. Edmondson

viii
Contents

Introduction

The Antagonists

The Supporting Cast 4

Site Selection 7

The Setting 9

From the Beginning II

Game 16

Game 2 20

Game 3 23

The Yogurt War 27

Game 4 31

Duel in a Damp Shangri-La 33

Game 5 37

Game 6 47

Game 7 49

Was There a Doctor in the House? 54

Game 8 62

Shaking Hands 67

Game 9 72

Jury to Zoukhar: "It's OK, Doc!" 76

Game 10 83

"Hell Has No Fury " - Or Has It? 87

Game II 90

Game 12 95

Game 13 99

Game 14 104

ix
X Contents

Game IS 109
Double Trnuble 113
Game 16 liS
Game 17 119
The Longest T imeout 125
Game 18 134
A Shorter Break 140
Game 19 142
Game 20 147
Game 21 154
Game 22 160
Game 23 166
Game 24 170
Game 25 174
Game 26 180
Game 27 182
Prelude to the Last Run 187
Game 28 189
Game 29 194
Game 30 200
Game 31 203
The Final Fracas 207
Game 32 213
The Marathon Ends 217
FIDE Follow-On 224
Forecast 227
Table of Results 229
Glossary 231
General Index 233
 Introduction

THE ANTAGONISTS

Def endi n g Wo rld Champion

Anatoly Evgenyevich Karpov

Born May 23 , 1 95 1 in the Southern U r a l Mounta i n s city of Z latoust

( over 1 200 miles from Moscow ) , Anatoly learned che s s at age four . He became
a C a ndidate M a ster at eleven and p rogressed rapidly there after , earning the
t itle Soviet Master of Sport by the time he was fifteen.
Upon w i nning the World J unior Ch amp ionship in 1 96 9 , young Tolya ( his
Russian nick name ) w a s autom atically awarded the FIDE title of I nternational
Master . His 11 t-5t score the following y e a r in the strong Caracas I nter­
n ation al earned him the Grandmaster title at the age of nineteen .
After one year of study at Moscow U niversity , A n a toly decided in 1 970
t h a t he p referred to l ive in Len i n g ra d . Surely a n important consideration
w a s the fact t h a t Leningrad w a s the home of Grandma ster Semyon Furman ,
with whom K a rpov h a d struck an immediate rapport when they met e a r l y in
1 968 . So he became a student of Economics at Leningrad U niversity and with
the same move acquired a close , dependable t ra iner and second .
I t w a s from Lenin g r a d U niversity , in the e arly winter of 1970 , that
A n atoly K a rpov' w a s elected delegate to the 1 7 t h Congress of the Young
Communists ( Comsomol ) , and then to that organization ' s Central Committee .
D uring the next few y e a r s , a l l went exceedingly well for the young
c h e s sp l ayer ; a degree in Economics , ever-incre a s ing personal and political
recog n i t ion , and fantastic succe s s e s over the boa r d . l n 1974 , he won h i s
three Candidates M atches and became t h e only p l ayer other t h a n T a l to
emerge as Offici a l Challenger on his first attemp t .
On Ap ril 2 , 1975 , A n a toly K a rpov w a s n amed World Champion when
Bobby F i scher abdicated h i s t h rone in a dispute with F I D E over the M atch
Regulation s . ( Fi scher h a sn ' t played a g ame s ince he won the crown from
Sp a s sky in 1 972 ; a tragedy for the m a n and for the world of c h e s s . )
K a rpov continued to be extremely active - and succe s s ful - in the
three years a fter being awarded the titl e . He competed in twelve tourn a ment s ,
winning nine outright and p l acing equal first , clear secon d , a n d equal
fourt h , respectively , in the other t h ree . He also competed on board one
( wi thout a los s ) in three team even t s . A tota l of 180 games with a score of
85 w in s , 89 draw s , and only 6 losses for an ove r a l l 7 1 . 9% .
A calm and confident young m a n w ith a w e l l-developed sense of humor ,

1
2 Introduction

Anatoly must laugh inwardly whenever he sees himself de scribed in print a s

" fr a gile-appearing" . One ' s s i ze h a s little to d o with his physical health a n d
stamin a ; m any members o f t h e U . S . M arine Corps , for example , a r e s m a l l in
stature .
My own estimate is that ·K a rpov is wiry and fit , unencumbered by an
ounce of either phy sical or mental fat . He w a s rea dy for Korchnoi in another
way , too . Last y e a r , Anatoly confided that he makes special prep a r ations
for a m atch by attempting to put himself in his opponent ' s place and thereby
to understand him p sychologic a l ly . He considers himself to b e thoroughly
prepared , in every way pos s ible , for a long and difficult struggle .

Official Challenger
Viktor Lvovich Korchnoi

Born J uly 23 , 1 93 1 in Leningra d , Viktor beg a n playing chess within his

family at a pproximately six y e a r s of age . Not long afterw a rds , World W a r I I
made normal l i fe an impos sibility . Korchnoi ' s father w a s k illed at the front
in l ate 1 94 1 and most of his relatives died in the months which followed ;
Viktor himself survived the w a r in Lening rad with his stepmothe r .
B y t h e winter o f 1943-4 , t h e block ade o f Leningrad w a s broken a n d a
semb l a nce of normalcy returned to the city . Viktor enrolled in the chess club
at the P ioneers ' P al ace ( a youth org a n ization ) and there received his initial
indoctrination into serious che s s . He became a Candidate Master in 1 94 9 , b ut
prog ress w a s slow for a time there a fter . Mixing studies ( indifferently ) with
che s s ( avidly ) , in 1 954 he acquired a degree in History from Leningr a d
University .
His p rowe s s at che s s finally made Korchnoi a Soviet Ma ster of Sport in
1 95 1 a n d , in 1954 , he became an International M a ster after winning h i s first
internationa l tournament ( in Bucharest ) . At Hastings 1955-6 , he emerged as
co-winner ( v1ith Iceland ' s Grandmaster Olafs son ) and was awarded the Grand­
ma ster title by the 1 956 F I D E Cong re s s .
One o f the worl d ' s strongest p l ayers for the p a s t fifteen y e a r s ,
Korchnoi is also moody , volatile , expre s sive , and an unpredicta b l e extrovert .
A heady mixture for any citizen of the U SSR , a n d h i s free spirit often l a nded
him in hot w ater with the Mini stry of Sports . In 1 976 , a s co-winner of the
I BM Tourn ament in Amsterdam , Viktor sought asylum in the Netherlands a n d
later chose t o m ake his home in Switze r l a n d . His wife and son , s t i l l in
Lening ra d , conti nue to seek emigration v i s a s in order to j oin him - but who
knows when , if eve r , these will be granted?
The Challenger ' s tournament recor d , beginning with Amsterdam 1 976 , has
been truly fabulou s . He competed in five events and won three of them out­
right , finished e q u a l first in another , and took c l e a r second in the remaining
one . A tot a l of 6 1 tournament g ames with a score of 36 wins , 23 draw s , a n d
a mere 2 losses for 77 . 9% !
·
Korchnoi v1 a s unable to p l a y in more tournaments during this period
bec a u se he had two training matches in 1976 and in 1 977 he fought his w a y
through the Candidates Matches a g a i n s t Grandmasters P etros i a n , Polugaevsky ,
and Spas sky . M atch play , of course , is quite unlike tournament play - but
add in the 20 win s , 28 d raws , and 7 losses achieved in these five matches
and the overall res ult is still remark able ; 1 16 games with a 70 . 3% score .
Viktor Korchnoi h a s been a Can didate five time s ; a t l a st , a t the age
of 4 7 , he i s the Offici a l C h a l lenger . He has g iven up smoking ( ag a in ) ,
dieted ( ag a in ) , and stayed with a regimen of physical and mental exercise
in p re p aration for this match . He , too , i s re a dy for the effort of a lifetime .
 I ntroduction 3

Comba t Record

An a rmistice? Neve r ! Although their early relationship i n Leningrad

w a s friendly enough , feelings between Karpov and Korchnoi h a d degenerated
to the point of open enmity by the time they opposed one another i n the 1974
Final Candidates Match . I f either side offered a flag of truce now , I would
expect the other to grind it i n the dust .
P r ior to t h i s Championship , they h a d contested 35 serious g a m e s against
one a nother . I nc l uded i n the following tabulation a re six g a m e s from a
t r a i ning match played in Karpov ' s home p rior to Korchnoi ' s 1971 Candidates
Q ua rter-Final ag ainst Grandma ster Gelle r . Note that Korchnoi p l ayed Black
i n five of these s i x g ames and told Karpov prior to each what opening he
would use .
Won by
Game Opening White Karpov Korchnoi D rawn

Riga 1 9 70 , 38th USSR Ch amp ionship

1 English Korchnoi

Len ingrad 1 9 71 , Tra ining Match

2 Ruy Lopez Karpov 1
3 Ruy Lopez Karpov 1
4 French Defence Karpov 1
5 Sicilian Defence K arpov 1
6 Queen ' s I ndian Defence Korchnoi 1
7 Sicilian Defence Karpov

Moscow 1 9 71 , A lekhine Memorial

8 English Korchnoi 1

Hastings 1 9 71 -2
9 Queen ' s P awn Korchnoi

L en ingrad 1 9 73 , In terzon a l Tournament

10 P irc Defence Karpov 1

Moscow 1 9 73 , 4 1 s t USSR Champ ionship

11 P ol i s h Defence Korchnoi 1

Moscow 1 9 74 , Fin a l Candida tes Match

12 English Korchnoi 1
13 Sicilian Defence K arpov 1
14 English Korchnoi 1
15 F r e n c h Defence K a rpov 1
16 Queen ' s Indian Defence Korchnoi 1
17 P etroff ' s Defence Karpov 1
18 En gl is h Korchnoi 1
19 Fr en c h Defence Karpov 1
20 En gl i s h Korchnoi 1
21 Fr en c h Defence Karpov 1
22 Q ueen ' s Indian Defence Korchnoi 1
23 French Defence K arpov 1
24 Q ueen ' s I ndian Defence Korchnoi 1
25 French Defence Karpov 1
4 Introduction

26 Reti Korchnoi 1
27 F rench Defence Karpov 1
28 Catalan Korchnoi 1
29 French Defence K arpov 1
30 Queen ' s P awn Korchnoi 1
31 Ruy Lopez Karpov 1
32 Queen ' s I ndian Defence Korchnoi 1
33 Catalan Karpov 1
34 Q ueen ' s· I ndian Defence Korchnoi 1
35 Queen ' s Gambit Accepted K arpov 1

7 6 22

Closely matche d , despite the twenty-ye ar difference in age s .

THE SUPPORTING CAST

Match Organizer: Florencio Campomanes

The guiding spirit o f the P h ilippine Chess Federat ion and its P ermanent
Delegate to F I D E , Mr. Campomanes has demonstrably been the worl d ' s number
one p romoter of che s s for the past ten ye ars . His leadership and dedication
were first recognized by h i s compatriots in E a s t A s i a , Austral i a , and New
Zealand ( he is a former F I D E Zone 10 P re sident ) and then throughout the
world ( he is currently one of F I DE ' s three Deputy P re sidents ) .

Head of the Soviet (Karpov) Delegation: Viktor D . Baturinsky

Colonel Baturin sky , a former legal officer , retired from the military some
years ago and now devotes himself entirely to che s s . He i s Vice P r e s ident of
the U S S R C h e s s F ederation and a l so D irector of Moscow ' s Central Che s s Club .
He authored a comprehensive book about the career of former World Champion
Botvinnik and reportedly possesses a v a s t private collection of chess books
and documents ( handwritten or signed by great pl ayers of the p a s t and
present ) .

Head of the Korchnoi Delegation: Mrs . Petra Leeuwerik

An average club pl ayer , Mrs . Leeuwerik ( nee H a j ny ) lives near Z urich ,
Sw itzerland . Born in Austria , she i s by m a rriage ( although divorced in
1976 ) a c itizen of the Netherland s . Handsome , articulate , a n d obvious ly
devoted to Korchnoi ' s welfare , she h a s an u n u s u a l b ackground which we look
forwa r d to exploring farther on .

THE PRINCIPALS

The Regulations for the Match designate the individuals in the following
positions a s P rincip al s . ( Th i s i s , of course , in a d d ition to the two pl ayers . )

The Three Arbiters

Chief Arbiter Lothar Schmid , West German Grandmaste r . A gentleman in the

best sense of that word and stil l a s� rong pl ayer at age 50 , h i s diplomacy
and friendly , even-h anded approach carried the day when he served as
Chief A rbiter of the 1 97 1 F i n a l Candidates Match ( Fi scher-P etrosian ) and of
the 1 972 World Championship Match ( Fi scher-Sp a s sky ) .
 I nt roduction 5

Deputy Arbiter Miroslav Filip , Czechoslova k i a n Grandma ster and himself a

one-time Candidate . A Doctor of Law , unive r s a l l y l iked and respected , another
true gentleman of che s s .

Deputy Arbiter Manuel F . Lara , Secretary General of the P hilippine Che s s

Federation . Not s o well-known outs ide o f A s i a a s Schmid and Filip , b ut a
fine m a n and well-qu a lified for this post .

The Seconds

Although the Regulations stipulated that 2 seconds per s ide were to

h ave their entire costs of travel and stay p a i d for by the org a n i zers , the
P h il ippine Che s s Federation con siderately expanded this to 3 per side a s p a rt
of its original offer to host the Match .

Karpov ' s seconds

Grandmaster Yuri Balashov , a l e a ding young Soviet p layer who finished 2nd
to Karpov in the 1976 U SS R Champion s h i p . H e i s but two y e a r s older t h a n
An atoly and t h e y apparently g e t a long w e l l togethe r . B a l a shov i s a w alking
encyclopedia of openi n g s and of games from important matches and tourna­
ments of the p a st quarter century .

Grandmaster I gor Z aitsev , twelve y e a r s older than Karpov and one of the
U SSR ' s leading theoretic i a n s . Not previously all that prominent as a p l a yer ,
he became a Grandma ster in 1976 ( at the age of 37 ) .

Grandmaster Mikhail Tal , a former World Champion and - at 4 1 - the elder

statesman of this trio . Colorful over and away from the board , T a l at h i s
b e st w a s a n attacking geni u s . P eriods of i l l health h ave intermittently
affected his results , but there has been a recent and welcome improvement in
bot h . He is ostensibly in B ag uio City as correspondent for "64" but no one
doubts that his ideas will add sea soning to wh atever is cooked up ches s i­
cally .

Korchnoi ' s seconds

Grandmaster Raymond D. Keene , one of the t alented young ( 30 ) English

players in the forefront of that nation ' s recent chess resurgence . A v a stly
competent ope ning theorist and w riter a s well as a strong competitor , Keene
holds a Ma ster of Arts degree in German Literature from T ri nity College ,
Cambridg e . B e fore p l a y commenced here , he s ai d that he h a d no qualms
whatsoever on Korchnoi ' s beh a l f , "except what response to make to 1 e4 " .

Grandmaster Michael F . Stean , another outstanding l e a der of the " English

Chess School" ; an active p layer and a n excell_ent theoretici a n . Five y e a r s
younger than Keene and also a g ra duate o f T rinity College , Cambridge
( Mathematics ) . Michael and R aymond , quite different in personalities ,
complement one another tremendously well and form a team of great merit .

Yakob "Yasha" Murey , a strong but untitled p l ayer and a recent emigre to
I s rael from the U SS R . On a personal b a si s , the closest secon d to Korchnoi ;
they were friends in Leningr a d .

Keen e , Stean ,
and Murey h a d succe s s fully a ided Korchnoi during his 1977
Candidates M atches ag ains t both Pol u g aevsky and Spas sky .
6 I ntroduction

The Three Neutral Members of the Jury

Profes sor Lim Kok Ann , Singapore ( Chairman ) . A distinguished member of the
medical p rofe s sion who nevertheless found the time to become an out standing
contributor to che s s . The current P re sident of F I DE Zone 10 ( East A s i a ,
Austra l i a , and New Zealand ) .

Edmund B . Edmondson J r . , USA ( Secret a ry ) . A retired Air Force officer ,

former P res ident and Executive Director of the U . S . Ches s Federation ; twice
elected to an at-large position on the Bureau of F I DE .

Andrei P . Malchev, Bulg a ri a . A l awyer who chose to become a profe s sional

chess journalist . A strong N a t iona l M a ster , an I nternational Arbite r , and
h i s country s P erma nent Delegate to F I D E .
1

The President of FIDE

Dr . M a x E uwe , The Netherlands . Worl d Champion 1935-7 and a Doctor of

M athematics , he became the P resident of F I DE in September 1970 . A prolific
author on c h e s s and a renowned opening theoretician , Dr . Euwe nevertheless
cons iders himself to be a chess a m ateur and a mathematics profes sion a l .
Seldom h a s a nyone h a d such gratifying c areers in two equally difficult fields
of endeavor .

THE JURY

The J ury is an " impartial body" responsible for interpreting the Regul­
ations and for settling any points at i ssue which are not covered therein .
" I t should act for the mutually s a t i s factory solution of any unforeseen prob­
lem , for elimin ation of friction and misunderstanding , and for giving con s i d­
eration to opportunities a dvantageous to the Match and to F I D E ."
High-sounding but s a dly unre a l i stic goals ; it is seldom that any deci­
s ion can fully sati sfy one p a rty to a d i spute , let alone all parties . Be that
a s it may , the Regulations stipulated that the J ury should consist of one
representative each of the World Champion , the Challenge r , and the org a n­
izers ; an arbiter ; and the three neutral members . Re spectively , then :
Baturi n s k y , Leeuwerik , Campomane s , Schm i d , Lim , Edmondson , and Malche v .

KARPOV ' S ENTOURAGE

Ah , to be the World Champion in t h i s Golden Age of Che s s !

The Offici a l Delegation for e ach s ide con s i sted of five persons ( names
a lready given ) : player , head of deleg ation , and three seconds . However ,
the Karpov g roup which traveled from the USSR a n d settled into Baguio City
for the duration tot aled fourteen person s . Alphabetically , here are the other
nine ; i n addition to forming part of a cocoon intended to ensure Anatoly s 1

comfort and well-being , each h a d the indicated special function .

Yuri Azarov, a " Specialist in B iolog i c a l P roce s s e s" .

Viktor Bobylev , P ersonal Cook . Karpov s favorite dishes , R u s s i a n or other-

1

wise , could be whipped up at any time of the day or night .

 I nt roduction 7

Dr. Michael L. Gershanovich , P ersonal P hy s ic i a n . Chief of the Departments

of Therapy and Clinical Chemotherapy , N.N. Petrov Research I n stitute of
Oncolog y , Leningrad . A long-time Ka rpov acqua intance ; h i s very pre sence
must be reas suring .

Anatoly Kalashnikov , another " Spec i a l i s t in B iological P roce sses " , but p arti­
cularly a s related to the food one con sume s .

Valery Krylov , Person al Physical T r a iner . Very experience d ; reportedly

accompanied the USSR b a sketball team on one of its USA tours .

Stassis Oboukaouskas , English-language interprete r .

Vladimir P i schenko, Spanish-language interpreter . A former c l a s smate and a

close friend of Ka rpov ' s ; now a P rofe ssor of Economics .

Alexander Rosha l , P re s s Offic e r . Executive Editor o f "64" and a regular

contrib utor to Soviet Sport , he has a close relationship with Karpov .

Dr. Vladimir P . Zoukhar , P sycholog ic a l Consultant . A p sycho-neurolog ist and

director of the Central Laboratory for P s ychology in Moscow ' s School of
Medicine .

A fifteenth " regul a r " , was Guennady Stepanov from the USSR ' s Embassy in
M a n il a ; he was a s signed to coordinate with and to a s si s t the Karpov group
in any way he could .

SITE SELECTION

The first hints of possible scandal in connection with the 1978 World
Championship M atch came as immediate reactions to the M a rch announcement
by F I D E P r e s ident Euwe that it would take p l ace in the P hi l ippines .
"Why not Europe ? " w a s the big question , s ince both players l ived there
and s i nce 6 of the 7 bids came from Europea n organ izers .
A second question , closely related , gradually surfaced : "Were attempts
m a de to i nfluence this dec i sion by ' under-the-table p ayments ' or ' secret
deals ' of any nature ? "
The a nswer t o t h a t second que stion i s a qu a l i fied Y E S .
To understand those qualifications - i n deed , t o understand t h e entire
selection process - one must know that F I D E Regulation s for the M atch pres­
c ribed the follow ing cours e .
1. Sealed b i d s h a d t o b e delivered t o the F I D E Secretary not later
than five weeks after the end of the Final C a n d i dates Match , b e fore noon .
2. T h e F I D E P re s i dent opened those b i d s at noon sharp , five weeks
after the end of the F i n a l Candidates Match . A list of the proposed s ites
and p r i ze fund s was sent by cable that same day ( February 16 , 1978 ) to
each p l aye r , to the federation of e ach p l a yer , aPd to e a c h bidde r .
3. Each player , within two weeks , personally indicated h i s w. i s h e s i n
writing to the P resident .
4. Dr. Euwe selected a nd announced the s ite , taking into account
( prima rily ) the players ' wishes .
I n a scending order of prize funds , here a re the b i d s which were
received . To ensure relative stabil ity , payment in Swiss Francs was stipul­
ated ; the doll a r amounts shown approximate those effective in l ate February
1978 .

CS - B
8 I nt roduction

Swiss U . S . Dollars
Fran cs'-'''-'' (at 1 . 8 SF to 1)
Lucerne , Switz e rl a n d 100 , 000 55 , 556
P a ri s , F rance 100 , 0001' 55 . 556*
11 Ciocco , I t aly 150 , 000 83 , 333
Graz , Austria 1 , 000 , 000 555 , 556
Hamb urg , West Germa ny 1 , 000 , 000 555 , 556
B a g uio City , P h il ippines 1 , 054 , 350 585 , 750
T ilb urg , The Netherl a nds 1 , 220 , 000 677 , 778
1' Plus 50% of the television rights

Let ' s face it , money is importa n t , even t o the pl ayers and the che ss
federations of socialist nation s ; therefore , Switzerl and , F r a nc e , and I t aly
were never truly in the running .
W ith the other four b idders each offe ring a huge prize fund , political
and per sonal preferences determined in what final order they would be listed
by t he two players . Korchnoi h a d originally sought a sylum in Amst e r d a m and
resided i n the Netherl a n d s for approximately a year after h i s defection.
Surely this h a d some b e a ring on the fact that T ilb urg w a s strangely ab sent
from the list which D r . Euwe received from Moscow . Karpov put Hamb urg
first , B a g uio City next , and Graz l a s t . Korchnoi , perhaps ha ving developed
a fondne s s for the mountains now t h at he resided in Switz e rl a n d , indicated a
preference for mount ainous loc a tions . He al so showed t h a t the money differ­
ences matt ered li ttle to him ; Graz was h i s numb er one choice , followed by
Bag uio C ity , T ilb urg , and Hamb urg .
D r . Euwe obviously m ade the most logical decision when he announced
that Baguio City ' s bid was accept e d . I t would h ave been unt hinkable for
him to show favoritism tow a r d either pl ayer by choosing either Hamburg or
Graz , s i nce they were at oppos ite ends of the two l i s t s.
For several weeks after this announcement , m any dispar aging rem arks
were voiced and written in Europe . Their implication w a s that the P h il ip­
pines would never have gotten this M atch if the pl ayers had not been
offered "something ext r a" . However , David Levy ( in t he May 1978 i s s ue of
Chess Life and Review) very neatly summarized the two m a i n points . "Cer­
t a i nly l and all other chess fans in Europe will be very sorry if the m a tch
takes pl ace too far away for all but a handful of us to visi t , but one must
accept that the contest a n t s dese rve the right to determine the venue for their
st ruggle and to benefit from the s ub s t antial prize fund no matter where it is
offered ."
l:iut . . . "Were attem p t s made to influence this decis ion by ' under-the­
t able p ayment s ' or ' secret deal s ' of any nature?"
OF COU RSE , and it would be n a ive to think otherwi s e . But t h e most
import ant qualificat ion - as related to me by two persons who should know -
is t h at s ide offers were m a de in connection with several of the original b i d s !
Hilariously enoug h , these side offers ch anged the total incom e s but not the
relat ive order of the monetary rew a r d s . The Netherl a n d s potential was still
the riche s t , followed by those of the P h ilippine s , West Germany , and Austria .
So , when all w a s known , extra monies and perquisites h a d no affect what so­
ever on the fina l decision .
Another very important qualification is that side offers w e re not prohib­
ited by the Regul ations a n d are neither illegal nor unus ual in any profes­
s ional sport - which chess most certainly has become . For exampl e , con sider
t ennis a n d gol f . With s o m a n y tourn aments worldwide cl amoring for their
p a rt icip a tion , naturally the profe s s ional s ' choices of where to go are influ­
enced by the avail ab ility and size of rel ated income s . Appearances m a de off

1<1<Editor ' s note : At the beg inning of 1978 there were approximately 3 Swi s s
F r a ncs t o t h e pound ( sterl ing ) .
 I ntroduction 9

the playing surface but in connection with sporting events p a y well in other
l ines of ende avor - and they should in che s s , too , if we want our top per­
formers to have the incentive of possible rewards commensurate with their
abilitie s .
Yes , the P hilippines m a de side offers a n d s o d i d the maj ority o f the
other bidders ; the outcome , oddly enough , w a s not affected there by .
On to the P h i l ippines !

THE SETTING

Although the future may hold even brighter promise , g reat strides h ave
been m a de c h e s s ically in Southe ast A s i a during the p a s t decade and nowhere
is t h i s more evident than in the Republic of the P h ilippine s . P a rticula rly on
the m a i n i s l a nd of Luzon , where M a n i l a is loc ated and where 48% of the
n ation ' s 46 million citizens reside , chess as a sport is second only to b a sket­
ball . One sees chess for fun being p l ayed everywhere - in schooly ards ,
ba rber shop s , public p a r k s and private c l ub s . More form al leag ue and
tournament competitions for all ages and of every type merit a commendable
amount of attention in the press ; there is even a daily chess program on
television !
At national and international leve l s , the P hilippines h a s embarked upon
a p rogram designe d to make its forces highly competitive against all comers .
They a lready dominate the Asian Team Championships and fare remarkably
well in the biennial World Team Championships . The P h ilippine Chess Feder­
ation boasts the only I nternation a l Grandm a sters in all of A sia and reg ula rly
hosts more than its quota of international events . It w a s this wonderfully
favora b le clim ate for the g ame which m a de the P h ilippines a natural to host
the first World Champion ship Che s s Match ever held outside of Europe or the
Americ a s .

* -;,'c

The Republic of the P hilippine s . Most people think immediately of

M a n il a , with its one and one-h alf million people and a population density of
6 , 000 per squ are mile . However , fully 80% of a l l Fil ipinos still l ive in
rural a re a s . There a re only eight c i ties with populations of 200 , 000 or more ,
and approximately half of the land area i s still primev al fores t . Since the
entire P hilippine archipelago l ies in the tropic s , that forest - e spec i ally in
the wettest sections of the country - is often impenetrable except on foot .
The P h il ippine Republic con s i s t s of more than 7 , 000 i s l a n d s , islets , and
coral reefs or volc anic rocks n s 1ng from the se a s . North to south , it
stretches for more than 1 , 100 miles and it i s approximately 700 miles across
at the widest ea st-west point . In tot a l land area it is slightly larger than
the British I sle s , or than New England and New York State comb i n e d . There
are more than 1 10 ethnic groups in the P h i l ippines and they speak some
seventy l a nguages . While there i s a national language called F ilipino
( T agalog ) , En glis h rem a i n s the language of instruction in the schools .
Not all i s peaceful i n the P hi lippine s . I n the deepest jungle s , the
remotest marshland s , and the wildest mountain <.. re a s , the concept of a central
government i s a s yet unknow n . Life still revolves around the family unit or
the tribe , and w arfare between neighbouring tribes is not uncommon . Even
as the s t a rting date of this Match approache d , there were sc attered inter­
tribal k illings in the Mountain P rovince lying to the north of B aguio City .
The P hi l i ppine s , the n , is a land of promise and of p ar adox . It encom­
p a s s e s such vast differences in geog raphy and peopl e , in languages and
custom s , that any cap sule description is bound to fall short of reality . Only
one factor may be forecast for the foreign v i s itor . Anyone who enters through
10 I n troduction

M a n i l a and spends his time either there or a t a resort location on the i s l a n d

of Luzon will h a ve t h e good fortune to encounter a tradition of gracious hos­
p i t ality and a host popul a t ion of w arm-hearte d , fun-loving , and beautiful
people . He m u s t enjoy his stay . ·

Baguio City

Summer capital of the P hilippine s , famous for its pine fore st s , cool
temperature s , and foggy a ft ernoon drizzles . Approximately 157 miles north of
Manila and 5 , 000 feet up in the rugged Cordillera mountains of Luzon .
There are six colleges and universities in B a guio , including the
P hilippine Milit ary Aca demy ( corresponding to B ritain ' s Sandhurst or the
U SA ' S West P oint ) . 1 10 , 000 regular inhabit a n t s , b u t at any given time there
will be a s many as 30 , 000 t r a nsients - students , tourist s , and other visitor s .
The twin-spired B a guio Cathedr a l , h i g h atop a prominent outcropping ,
looks down on a p l e a sure-oriented community . I t s sprawling m arketplace
offers a profusion of souvenirs , household good s , clothing , wood carvings and
other h a n dc r a fted native w a re . The city rightfully prides itself on the
v a riety and quality of its restaurants , specializing in F ilipino , Chinese ,
J apanes e , Americ a n , or European dishes . There is even a licensed g ambling
c a sino - one of only three in the entire country !
B a g uio , on average , is 18° F a h renheit cooler than the lowland s . When
M a n i l a swelter s through a humid 95° day , the temperature here will seldom
go above a p l e a s a nt 78° . Many wealthy Filipino families maintain p a l a t i a l
second homes h e r e and t h e y a re often i n res idence during t h e d r y months of
M arch , April and May . Which brings us to the one drawback of this moun­
t a i n paradise - it receives more t h a n double the annual rainfall of M a n i l a .
J uly through October is the wette st time of year - which explains why the
accommodations needed for the Match were available from J uly 15 !
The Pines Hotel , near the center of the city , nestles within e a sy w alk­
ing distance of the shopping di strict in one direction and of the playing h a l l
in anot h e r . Comfortable and friendly , it h o u s e s a Sw iss re staurant , a disco ,
an excellent coffee shop featuring f a s t service , a b a r and lounge , and the
a forementioned g ambling c asino. Long a center of social life for B a g uioite s ,
the P i n e s became headquarters for most of the che s s vi sitor s . I t was here ,
too , that the Korchnoi group w a s lodged by the Philippine Chess Federation .
Additionally , Viktor Korchnoi and his offici a l entourage of not more
t h a n five people h a d at their disposal a l a rge , quiet , and charming villa
( the property of one Sotero H . Laurel ) on the outskirts of B aguio City .
Karpov and company ( also M e s sr s . Campom a ne s , Sch mi d , and Edmondson )
were in The Terraces P laza , the only five- s t a r hotel north of Manila . L a rger
and far newer t h a n the P ines , it w a s quite g r a n d but loc ated inconveniently
far out on the edge of tow n . A car was a neces sity whenever one wished to
go shopping , to the playing h a l l , or to visit friends at the P ines . No prob­
lem , though , as the F ilipinos provided a fleet of courtesy c a r s for we c h e s s
principa l s .
T h e Terraces h a d two excellent restaurants , one French a n d one J ap an­
ese ( Ka rpov c a me to love the J apanese food ) , p l u s a coffee shop , disco , b a r
and lounge , swimming pool - a l l the amenitie s .
Karpov , too , h a d a n alternate residence p l aced a t the dispo s a l o f him­
self and up to five members of his entourage . I t w a s a sp acious a n d fantas­
tically modern hideaway belonging to a gentleman named Oscar Santos .
Neither player - nor any member of either delegation - could ever h a ve
the teeniest g rounds for d i s s a t i s faction with the arrangements made for him .
Not too long before , a P residential Decree officially designated B a g uio
City as a site for international , n a t ion a l , and regional convention s . The
main result of this w a s a newly-built Convention Center which opened j us t in
time to host this Match .
 I nt roduction 11

The Baguio Convention Center , built i n the shape of a tradition a l hut

of the region s I gorot people but on a m a s s ive s c a le , provided perhaps the
1

best-ever facilities for a World Championship M atch . The main h a l l , com­

pletely air-conditioned and l ighted to perfection , was configured to take a s
many a s 1 , 000 spectators in comfort . J ust offstage , t o left and right , e ach
player was a l lotted a private lounge a n d b ath . I mmediately downstairs from
the main h a l l were the pre s s room , hospitality area , coffee shop , a n d com­
munications room containing a long-distance telephone switchboa rd plus
equipment for worldwide Telex transmis sion s .
Overal l , the arrangements m a de for t h i s event by its P hilippine hosts
were superlative . The standards attained were so high that the v a s t ly­
experienced D r . Euwe proc l aimed the facilities to be the b e s t he h a d ever
seen .

F ROM THE BEGINNING

Several factors marked this encounter long beforehand as one of the

most strikingly different and potentially explosive in the h istory of Worl d
Championship Matches .
1. The Champion h a d been awarded h i s title by forfeit in 1975 and
surely wanted a "big win" in 1978 . Together with h i s tournament record of
the preceding three years , that would j ustify h i s position atop the c h e s s
pyrami d .
2. The present Challenger w a s the same man he h a d narrowly defeated
i n a b itter 1974 Final Candidates Match - a result which b rought him the
crown after F ischer refused to defend it under the F I D E rules .
3. The Ch allenger - Viktor Korchnoi - h a d defected from the Soviet
U n ion i n 1976 . D i scord and dissension littered his victorious trail through
the 1977 Candidates Matches a s he dashed the hopes of Soviet Grandmasters
P et rosian , P olug aevsky , and Spassky ( in that order ) . F i r s t one side and
then the other became increasingly d i s p utatious as these events prog re s sed
a n d an unseemly conclusion to the final such match w a s most narrowly
averte d .
T h e foregoing did not bode well for a pe aceful rn a tch , one unmarred by
rancor and w rangling away from the boa r d . Othe r factor s , too , a dded to the
tension and uncertainty .
The championship would be decided by a method l a s t used h a l f a cen-
tury e arlier . Draws were not to count , the number of games w a s unlimite d ,
a n d s i x wins were required for victory .
T h i s would be the first title match ever p l ayed in A si a .
The p ur s e w a s the largest ever offered - so huge as to have been
undreamed of a s recently a s nine years earlie r .
T rouble . T rouble i n Bag uio City . That i s what F I D E a n d the organ-
ize r s hoped somehow to avoi d .
Fortuitou s l y , t h e Match Regulations ( approved b y t h e 1977 F I D E Con­
gres s ) appeared helpful in that reg a r d . They s t ated t h a t t h e organizers are
1

respon s ib le to the players and arbiters 1 and included the following specific
prov 1 s 1on . "Communications with representatives of the players and arbiters
shall be opened early . The representatives ( one of each p layer ) and the
Chief Arbiter shall be invited to inspect the p reparations at least one month
before the beginning of the match . "
F lorencio Campomanes , always a c a reful planner and also a bit of a
gamble r , went the Regulations one bette r . On the a s sumption that the P h i l ip­
pines would be in the running , he began communicating before the Match
bids were even submitte d . From J an u a ry 9 through 1 4 , 1978 , t h e P hilippine
Chess Federation hosted a meeting of the nine-member Bureau of F I D E . A
12 Introduction

special guest at this meeting w a s none other than Viktor Baturi n sky , Karpov s 1

representative-to-be .
The Bure a u Members and Mr . B a turinsky were invited t o M a l a c a n ang
P al ace and met His Excellency , Ferdinand E. Marco s , Pre sident of the Repub­
lic of the P hilippine s . Quite a demon stration of high-level interest in che s s .
Then they were taken o n a trip t o B a g uio , where they saw the Convention
Center nea ring completion and enjoyed the restaurants and hotel accommo­
dation s . Also the lovely climate in J an u a ry . Mr . B aturinsky no doubt
reported favorably to Anatoly Karpov - when the time came - upon the B a guio
City facilitie s .
Nor w a s M r . Campomanes neglecting the other side ; he m a de at least
one trip to Europe especially to work his magic on Viktor Korchnoi .
D r . M a x Euwe also attempted to foresee and to forestall certain diffi­
cultie s . A s early a s M arch 6 , the F I DE P resident wrote a letter which sought
to b ring about an agreement between the g l a diators on those p rocedural
matters which had been at i ssue during e a rlier matches .
When the 1977 Semi-F inal Candidates ( against Polugaevsky) h a d com­
mence d , Korchnoi expre s se d his desire to play under the Netherlands flag .
He had just won the Dutch ch ampion ship and felt entitled to play under
those colors . The Soviet Delegation , heade d by none other than Viktor
B a turinsk y , objected because Korchnoi had not been in the Netherl a n d s for a
full y e a r . Keene and Ste a n , indulging in their own brand of h umor , did
l ittle to a lleviate the problem when they sugge sted that Korchnoi be permitted
to fly the Jolly Roger !
On September 20 , 1977 , Korchnoi w a s g ra nted permiss ion to reside in
Switzerland . That autumn , in Belgrade , it w a s Korchnoi vs . Spas sky in the
Final Candidates M atch . The Soviet Delegation ( he a ded this time by Grand­
m a ster Bonda revsky ) again insisted that there be no flag for Korchnoi . So
only one flag appeared on the g ame table , that of the USSR ; according to
some ( a dmittedly prej udice d ) report s , S p a s sky a nnoyed Korchnoi once or twice
during play by nudging this flag toward him .
Obviously , one could anticipate that the flag question would be raised
at B a g uio City ; therefore , Florencio Campomanes did his best to a n swer it
befor e h a n d . O n M a rch 23 , 1978 , he wrote a letter t o Viktor Korchnoi in con­
firmation of several points on which they h a d previously reached verbal
a g reement . One p a ragraph rea d : "You w a ive the right to have a nation a l
f l a g displayed and a nation a l anthem p l a y e d during t h e match ." Viktor
signed this letter to indicate his concurrence .
On June 1 0 , 1978 , there w a s an inspection of facilities and a conference
in B aguio City . P resent were : Mrs . Pet r a Leeuwerik , representing the
Challenge r ; Chief Arbiter Lothar Schmid ; Deputy Arbiter M anuel F . L a r a ;
and Chief Org a ni zer Florencio Campom a n e s . We quote several pertinent para-
g r a p h s from the report of that conference .

"GM Korchnoi , through his representative , s t rongly objects to not being

able to play under a flag . I n the order of preferenc e , his choice of flag
would be the Swi s s flag , a white flag with the lettering STA T E L ESS inscribed
thereon , the Wohlen flag . He is even willing to p l a y with a Soviet flag , a s
long a s h e i s allowed t o have a flag . T h e org anizers w i l l clear up this
point with the Soviet delegation . The Korchnoi delegation will bring a Wohlen
flag , the principality in which he i s staying in Switzer l a n d .
" G M Korchnoi , through h i s representative , informed t h e organizers t h a t
he would b r i n g over his own chair , a d a rk g reen Stollgiroflex mode l .
"The representative o f the Korchnoi delegation offered t o bring two of
the Stollgiroflex c h a i r s .
" G M Korchnoi s preference is that the c h a i r s may n o t turn but may move
1

only to the front and b a ck .

"The matter of whether the chairs will be fixed so that they may not
turn will h ave to be agreed upon ." .
 I ntroduction 13

Korchnoi - prodded by someone? - had experienced a change of heart

and w a nted out of the March 23 flag agreement which he h a d signe d .
Campomane s , doing h i s b e s t to s a t i s fy everyone , accepted t h i s change . The
next p aragraph i s extracted from a J une 1 2 letter which he a ddressed to
Viktor throug h Mrs . Leeuwerik .
" On your request that I should not include the matter of h aving or not
h aving a flag for you during the match in a contract between ourselve s , I
am in full agreement and shall cons i der any point on t h i s matter invalid .
Cons ider yourself free from that section of our contract ."
F I DE ( and Chief Arbiter Schmi d ) then solicited an expert legal opinion
in answer to the following question : " I s M r . Viktor Korchnoi entitled to play
for the World Che s s Championship under the Swi s s national colors ? "
A ten-page response w a s written o n J uly 10 , 1978 , by D r . K a r l Doehring ,
P rofessor of P ublic and I nternationa l Law at the University of Heidelberg ,
Germany . At its conc l u s ion , this opinion emerge d .
" I n accordance with the Statutes o f the F I D E a n d together with , and
confirmed by , the genera l rules of international law , Mr. Korchnoi is entitled
to the use of the Swi s s flag . There a re no objective grounds to suggest that
such a procedure would violate any l aw . The brief period o f time which was
available for the formulation of t h i s expert opinion made it imposs ible to
present the scientific evidence i n extense here . Such elaboration woul d fur­
ther s upport the arguments presented and confirm their l e g a l relevance ."
Meanwhile , On J uly 2 Karpov and Korchnoi - with delegations - arrived
in M a nila on separate flights and were en sconced in separate luxury hotels .
Fireworks exploded immedi atel y , with the a g g r e s s ive Korchnoi hurling the
first bombs . I n separate ( of course ! ) press conferences , the players made it
evident that politics would definitely intrude upon sport in Baguio City and
that a dvance efforts to ensure a smoothly-functioning match without incident
had already faile d .
O n J uly 5 , the two camps came together for a courtesy c a l l o n P resident
Ma rcos but immediately thereafter split again into separate motorcades for the
j ourney to Bag u io .
On J uly 14 , Viktor Baturin sky a ddre s se d a letter to the F I D E P re s ident ,
the Chief Organize r , and the Chief Arbiter . He informed them of " World
Ch ampion An atoly Karpov s stand on the i s s u e s stated in F I D E P re sident 1 s
1

letter of the 6th of M arch , 1978 and conference 1 s communique held in Bag uio ,
J une 10 , 1978 . " I n their entirety , here are the hot paragraphs from this
letter .

5. Flags
According to Section 6.44 the n a tiona l flags of the coun tries of the
players shall be displayed on the stage . In accordance with the so
m a ny years of practice of the officia l FIDE ch amp ionships as well as of
championships in other sportsfields, sportsmen should play u n der the
cou n tries 1 n a tiona l flag they are citizens of.
A ccording to official FIDE ra ting-list of Jan u a ry 1 , 1 9 78 , Mr. Korchnoi is
indicated as b eing "sta teless" (pa ge 12) . If the present situa tion h a s
n o t ch a nged, and the cha llenger h a s n o t secured a n y citizenship a s yet,
then he m u s t play without flag, as wa s the case in the 1 9 77-1 9 78 Can di­
d ates Match e s . World Champion doesn 1 t obje-:t to Ch allenger p laying
u n der a white fla g with the "sta teless" inscribed thereon .

6. Players 1 Ch a irs
World Ch amp ion 1 s preference is tha t players be sea ted In the identical
ch a irs provided by the organ izers of the m a tch .
Since Section 6 . 5 foresees the right of the p layers to specify a n d rep lace
their ch a irs, World Champion cannot object to Cha llenger 1 s wish to h a ve
his own ch a ir brough t specia lly from a broa d . However, this ch a ir m u s t
14 I ntroduction

be examined by the organ izers to make certa in th a t extraneous objects or

devices prohibited in the p laying area are a b sen t .
I n accordance with the a bove-men tioned section 6.5, World Champion h a s
the right t o choose his cha ir th a t may turn right and left, as well a s
replace it during the Ma tch . .

Security Officer Benedicta Resurreccion w a s placed in charge of the

Korchnoi chair . On Sunday , J uly 1 6 , he physically examined s ame and then
trucked it to the B aguio General Hospital to b e dismantled and X-raye d .
D r . Clemente Lo , chief r a d iologist at the hospit a l , thought that someone
w a s attempting to pull a weird practical j oke on him . After being convinced
that the request w a s indeed a serious one , D r . Lo completed his a s s ignment
under the w a tchful eyes of several g iggling student nurses . "This i s the
first t ime that I h ave X-rayed a c h a i r , " D r . Lo said as he removed it from
the operating t ab le for re a ssembly . "Anyw a y , I pronounce this chair in good
health . "
Benny R e s urreccion a n d Lothar Schmid reported to Mes s r s . B a turinsky
and C a mpomanes that the Korchnoi c h a i r conta ined no electronic nor other
secret devices and had been cleared to fulfill its function in the Match .
The flag controversy , however , w a s not so e a s ily settle d . The Jury
tried , at a meeting which commenced at 3 : 30 p m on J uly 16. P resent were
F I DE P resident Euwe , F ID E General Secretary I neke Bakker , and every Jury
Member b ut one . " M r . E dmondson , the third Neutral Member , h a d not yet
arrived i n Baguio City . "
M r B aturinsky s a i d that M r . Korchnoi should play without a flag but
that the Soviet Delegation would not object to his p l a y ing under a white flag
with the word " St ateless" on it ( corresponding to the F I DE r ating list ) .
Mr . Campomanes proposed that M r . Korchnoi play under the flag of
Aarg a u , the Swis s c anton in which the C h a l lenger resided .
Mr . Campom a ne s ' propo s a l w a s voted upon , with M r . B a tu rinsky ab­
staining out of respect for the opinion of the Chief Org a n i ze r . Mes s r s .
Campomanes a n d M alchev voted Yes ; M r s . Leeuwerik a n d M r . Schmid voted N o .
" I n t h i s c a se , C h a i rman L i m s a i d , he would vote No t o defeat the motion and
to m a i n t a i n the status quo ; that i s , the J ury m a de no decision on the flag
question . "
The me eting then a dj ourned with its resumption set for l ater the s ame
evening .
Arriving in B a guio City at approximately 10 : 00 pm on J uly 16 , dead­
tired a fter a lmost forty bedle s s hour s en route from the U SA , I w a s rushed
immediately into a J ury Meeting !
I w a s amaze d that a decision h a d not been made long before my
arriv al , and I reca l led that Korchnoi h a d been di sturbed by the U SSR flag
on the p l ayi n g table during h i s recent m atch a g a in s t Spas sky . I w a s so
fatigued that the solution looked simple to me ; give each side something to
be h appy about a n d then get some much-needed sleep . After listening to a
rehash of w h a t h a d gone before , I proposed a different compromise . Here are
several pertinent p a ragraphs taken directly from the Report of the J ury
Meeting .

7. Colonel Edmondson s a id th a t there IS precedent in FIDE for p layers to

play under the flag of a differen t coun try prior to becoming a citizen
thereof. For the presen t, however, he woul d suggest a new comprom ise
solu tion . The Match Regu l a tion s , paragraph 6.44, say "the FIDE flag,
the n a tion a l flags of the cou n tries of the players and of the orga n iz ing
federa tion sha l l be displayed on the stage " ; paragraph 7.6 says "the
FIDE flag and the n a tion a l flags of the coun tries of the players sh a l l be
on the exterior of the b u ilding". It is not mentioned in the regula tions
th a t there shall be table flags, even though they h a ve been present
during some ma tches, so he proposed th a t there be no flags on the chess
 I n t roduction 15

ta ble and only the flags of FIDE, the Philippines , and the Soviet Union
on the stage . Mr. Campomanes said tha t the arrangement of the flags
m u s t be according to diploma tic protocol. Mr. Baturinsky s a id tha t he
would not object to Col . Edmondson 1 s solution since it is according to the
ma tch regula tion s . The meeting recessed to a llow Mrs . L eeuwerik to con­
s u l t by telephone with Mr. Korchnoi.
8. The meeting resumed a n d Mrs . L eeuwerik reported th a t Mr. Korchnoi
wished first th a t the Jury would vote on his petition to use the Swiss
flag. Then , as a n a l terna tive, Mrs . L eeuwerik sta ted tha t Mr. Korchnoi
would accept Col . Edmondson 1 s compromise proposal on the flags if it
also included Mr. Korchnoi 1 s right to h a ve a short m u s ical selection of
his choice p layed during the opening ceremony.
9. The Ch airm a n ruled th a t the m u s ic ques tion should b e deal t with separ­
a tely a n d the Jury voted first on the proposal th a t Mr . Korchnoi be per­
mitted to use the Swiss Flag. This proposa l was defea ted by 4 No, 2 Yes ,
a n d one A b sten tion .
1 0 . The Jury then voted on Col . Edmondson 1 s proposal as sta ted in paragraph
7. It was approved with 6 Yes votes a n d one A bstention .
1 1 . The Jury then discussed the q uestion of m u s ic to be played for Mr.
Korchnoi and it was a greed without voting tha t Mr. Korchnoi could h a ve
a p iece of "cl a ssical m u sic" played for him, the exact p iece to be dis­
cussed between Mrs . L eeuwerik and Mr . Camp omanes the next day.

MONDA Y , 17th JULY

At l a s t , the Opening Ceremony .

P romptly at 4 : 30 p m , 2 , 000 persons stood as the band of the P h i l ippine
Military Academy played its own nation a l anthe m . When the Anthem of the
USSR was announced , Viktor Korchnoi and P e t r a Leeuwerik - in a pre-planned
gesture of p rotest - seated themselves w hile everyone else remained standing .
Oddly , an error by the band lightened what would otherwise have been a
serious insul t ; they mistakenly ( ? ) p l ayed the " I nternationale" i n s t e a d of
t he Soviet Anthem !
From a tape of Beethoven s Symphony N o . 9 in D minor , Korchnoi h a d
1

chosen to h ave p l ayed the f i n a l movement , "Ode to Joy " - originally entitled
" Freedom" .
Once these sour moments h a d p a s sed , the impre s s ive ceremony flowed
along without another hitch . Guests , Match Official s , and P rincipals were
introduced and then Chief Arbiter Schmid preside d over the drawing for col­
ors , which was done in the tra ditional manne r . Karpov put his hands
behind h i s back , shook two p awns in them , then extended both h a n d s tow ard
Korchnoi . The C h a l lenger pointed to the Champion s left h a n d and g ained the
1

first move in g ame one when Karpov opened that hand to reveal a white
p awn .
Next c ame remarks by F I D E P r es ident E uwe and by J us tice Federico B .
Moreno, Pre sident o f the P hilippine Che s s Federation . L a s t but certainly not
least , the Keynote Addre s s by P r e s i dent and P rime Minister Ferdinand E .
M arcos , who brought the ceremony t o a close when h e s a i d " I hereby dec l a re
the Worl d Chess Championship officially open" a n d c l a sped hands simultan­
eously with Anatoly Karpov and Viktor Korchnoi .
On the morrow , hopefully , the fireworks away from the board would
cease and p l ay would begin .
 GAME ONE

Tuesday, 1 8th July

One of the few things which Karpov and Korchnoi h a d been able to
agree upon during the preliminary skirmishing w a s that neither c ared for the
c h e s s pieces intended for their use . Those piece s , they mutually felt ,
should be replaced by a weighted set of the origi n a l Staunton pattern . But
a s e a rch of B ag uio City failed to unearth such a set ; therefore , l a st night
the office of the P h i l ippine Chess Federation in Manila w a s in structed to find
one and to h ave it flown to Baguio.
The P CF staff located a lovely J a ques set , a prized posses s ion of M a n i l a
businessman-lawyer M a n u e l Z amor a , w h o graciously and optimistically con­
sented to place it on loan for the duration if doing so would help to get the
match started on time and bring it to a rea sonably peaceful conc l u s ion .
At 4 : 05 pro , j ust 55 minutes prior to the scheduled s t a rting hou r , Chief
Arbiter Lothar Schmid heard the distre s s ing news that Mr. Zamora ' s set was
not yet i n B ag u io City . It had been impos sible for a plane to land on our
mountain-girt and fog-enshrouded a i r s trip t h i s morning , so the tre a s ured
pieces were being t r ansported overla n d . A courier h a d departed from M a n i l a
by motorc a r at 1 : 20 pro on the normally five-hour j ourney t o the p l a y i n g site .
No way for today ' s g ame to begin on time !
At 4 : 40 pro , it still appeare d that circumstances woul d force Gra nd­
ma ster Schmid to choose between the tiger and the l a dy . Should he delay
the opening g ame or should he force the contestants to commence play using
pieces which neither of them fancied?
To the m a s sive relief of the arbite r , the organizer s , and the a s sembling
a udience , a m i nor miracle occurre d . With what must have been the P hilip­
pine ' s most dextrous driver at the wheel , the s aviour vehicle a rrived with a
very few moments to spare . The J a ques set w a s on the t able at 4 : 58 pro a n d
g ame o n e began exactly a s scheduled at five o ' clock . T he players seemed
totally unaware of the near miss and they were model s - well , nearly models
- of gentlemanly conduct for the next hour and forty-five minutes .
There were no more than 200 spectators in the 1000-seat a uditorium when
Schmid s t a rted the clock , and Karpov looked up i n surprise at the sound of
applause a s he replied to Korchnoi ' s first move . The ovation was for P re si­
dent M arcos , who entered at that moment and seated himself directly in front
of the stage . Alongside the P resident in the row of chairs reserved for
distingui shed visitors were Valerian V . Mikhailov , Amb a s s a dor of the USSR to
the Republic of the P hilippine s ; F I D E P re s ident and Mrs . M a x Euwe ; FIDE
General Secretary I neke Bakker ; Federal J ustice a n d Mrs . F e derico B . Moreno
( J u stice Moreno is Pre sident of the P h i l ippine C h e s s Federation ) ; and Cos­
monaut-P ilot Vitaly Seba s t ianov , twice-decorated Hero of the Soviet Union and
now C h a irman of the U SS R Chess Federation .

16
 Game One 17

Korchnoi-Karpov
Queen ' s Gambit Declined

.ft The l a st unlimited m atch for t h e World Championship w a s t h e encounter

between Alekhine and Capablanca at Buenos Aires in 1927 . Thus both the
Champion and his Challenger had to work out their strategy and tactics
pretty much from the ground up . How long this match may last , in what
condition a re the opponents for the fight , these questions and more will
arise with every g ame . Pe rhaps something c a n be foretold from this initial
try , but not a great dea l .

1 c4

Of course it w a s no surprise when the Challenger chose this opening ;

it h a s been a favorite of his in the p a st and w a s his frequent choice during
h i s 1974 Final Candidates M atch against Karpov .

1 . . • Nf6 2 Nc3 e6 3 Nf3 dS

The World Champion is quite content , b ut m ak e s a change from the

3 . . . b6 which he used so succes sfully four y e a r s e arlier . .ft
F l a shbulbs began popping here and Karpov immediately objected .
Lothar Schmid , seate d quietly on the stage a t its left forefront , glanced
toward Chief Org anizer Florencio Campom a n e s in the audience . Campo
c a utioned the photographers milling about in front of the stage that the
three-minute photo period at the start of e ach ses sion would be eliminated
unless they complied strictly with the no-flash rule ; there was not another
pop .

4 d4 Be7 5 Bg5 h6 6 Bh4 0-0 7 e3 b6

.ft Now Karpov h a s m a de his choice and it is the M akogonov-Bon d a revsky

Sy stem ( in the U K and the USA it i s c alled the T a rtakower Variation ) of the
Queen ' s Gambit Declin e d . This w a s employed in two games of t h e 1977
Korchnoi-Sp a s sk y Candidates M atch .ft .

Korchnoi ' s personally-imported green c h a i r is considerably higher than

the white c h a i r provided for K arpov . As a result , the somewhat l a rger
Korchnoi positively looms over h i s slightly-built opponent . Could this chair
b u s i n e s s be a p sycholog i c a l ploy intended to intimidate "the little boy" ?

8 Rcl Bb7 9 Bd3

Why did Karpov hesitate on h i s 9th move? While he thought , Korchnoi

became the first p l a ye r to use one of the e a sy chairs provided for each
contestant on his respective side of the stage .
.ft Aga in s t Spa s sky , Korchnoi played 9 B xf6 Bxf6 10 cxd5 exd5 a n d now I
think 1 1 B d3 or Be2 gives a very complicated position which is better for
White . On this occa sion , however , Korchnoi p refers a different route . .ft

9 . • • dxc4 10 Bxc4 Nbd7 1 1 0-0 c5

( See next diag r a m )

When An atoly first began thinking on h i s 1 1 th move , Viktor rose a n d

stood a pproximately ten feet distant ; he teetered and swayed back a n d
forth for a couple of moments , t h e n moved farther away to s i t quietly a g a i n
in h i s easy c h a i r .
The lights reflecting from Korchnoi ' s d arkly-tinted g l a s ses make him
look like a visitor from another world .
18 Game One

ft Black ' s other choice here was 1 1 Ne4 , an exchanging operation

which appeared l e s s inviting in view of 12 Bxe7 Qxe7 13 N xe4 Bxe4 14 Bb5 ! ,
when the p a s sive c-pawn may bring Black a lot of problems .

12 dxc5

Quite unexpected . I n such a pos1t10n , some very sharp p l a y c a n mater­

i a lize and it is up to Black to prove that he can g ain equality after 12 Qe2 . ft
As decided e arlier , there is no Swi s s flag on display inside or outside
of the Convention Center . B ut Korchnoi is wearing a l a rge , b right Swi s s
emblem on the lapel o f h i s j acket !

12 • • • Nxc5 13 Qe2 a6 14 Rfd1 Qe8

ft Not a u s u a l position for B l ack ' s quee n , b ut it is only trans itory .

Black opens it up with h i s next move a n d White c annot do anything effective
a g a i n st t h i s . ft
F i fty or more j ournalists are on h a n d in the P r e s s Room , although a
third of them do not understand che s s a n d h ave been sent here to cover what
h a s become a n internation al h a ppening . Grandmasters Byrne , Kavalek , a n d
Naj dorf are t h e core o f o n e g roup crowded around an a n a l y s i s tab le . I
gla nced in at this point and heard a burst of l aughter at Robert Byrne ' s
remark that here w a s " a very dangerous position - for the spect ator s . T hey
might fall a sleep at any moment " .

1 5 a 3 Nfe4 16 Nxe4 Nxe4 1 7 Bxe7 Qxe7

18 Nd4

ft On 18 Ne5 , one intere sting v a r,iation is 18 . . . b5 19 R d7 Qc5 ! 20 Ng6

( or 20 Rxb7 Qxe5 , or 20 N xf7 bxc4 - neither promises White anything ) 20
bxc4 ! 2 1 Ne7+ ( on 21 Nxf8 Bd5 , the knight won ' t get out ) 2 1 . . . Kh8
22 Rxb7 Nd6 ! 2 3 b4 Qg5 a n d White is t h e only one with problems .
 Game One 19

18 . . . Rfc8 Drawn upon Karpov ' s offe r . Times used 0 : 52 - 0 : 52 . ft

" We were only testing the e quipment" , Ka rpov quipped to the org a nizers
after this short draw .
 GAME TWO

Thursday, 20th July

Korchnoi , g arbed in a new brown suit a n d m atching shoe s , entered two

minutes before the start . He came directly to the lip of the stage a n d
engaged i n an a n imated conve r s a t ion with s e v e r a l new smen a n d photographe rs .
T h i s ended when Karpov , wearing the same blue suit as on T u e s da y , appeared
from h i s dressing room with only about thirty seconds to g o . They met at
the table , observed the prerequisite of a sporting h a ndsh ake , a n d sat down
as Arbiter Schmid activated White ' s clock precisely at the appointed hour .

Karpov-Korchnoi
Ruy Lopez - Open Variation

1 e4 e5

.ft A maj ority of the j ourn a l i s t s present had predicted the French Defence ,
a lthough the move actually played is no novelty in the C h a l lenger ' s reper­
.toire .

2 Nf3 Nc6 3 Bb5 a6 4 Ba4 Nf6 5 0-0 Nxe4

And we have the Open Ruy ; Korchnoi h a s made fre quent use of it in
years p a s t . .ft
Karpov h a d rea son to thread h i s way very carefull y ; after a l l ,
Korchnoi was the chief analyst for this v a riation in the Encyclopedia of
Chess Openings .

6 d4 b5 7 Bb3 d5 8 dxe5 Be6 9 c3 Bc5

.ft I think it is the first time for Korchnoi to p l a y this move ; he u s u a l ly

p l a y s 9 . . . Be7 . Nor do I reca l l it ever h a v i n g been played by either of
h i s seconds , Grandma sters Keene a n d Stean . Karpov , however , h a s p l a y e d
t h e W h i t e s ide o f this game three t imes p reviously , including a g a i n s t both
Belyavsky and Smyslov in Leningrad 1 977 . .ft

10 Nbd2 0-0 1 1 Bc2 Bf5 12 Nb3 Bg4

Karpov thought for quite a while on his 13th move . Korchnoi went.
away from the table and lounged in h i s easy c h a i r , not even g la ncing
toward the demonstration board . H i s attitude imp l ie d thorough prepa ration

20
 Game Two 21

a n d he seemed t o exude confidence - o r will it prove t o b e over-confidence?

A s Viktor mostly stared off into space and occa sionally gl anced out
tow a rd the a udienc e , h i s tinted g l a s s e s seemed to reflect the light even more
th an du ring game one . Today he looked like a welder at work .

13 Nxc5 Nxc5 14 Re1 d4

.ft Here both Belyavsky and Smyslov replied to Karpov ' s move with 14
ReS ; in each instance , White got sl ightly the better position . So , the
Challenger has come up with a new continuation . .ft
Ka rpov think s on h i s 15th move for what seems to be ages . Apparently
the Korchnoi team has come up with a surpri se !

15 h3 Bh5 16 cxd4

.ft Now the game goe s to an ending practically by force , a n d one somewhat
more p l e a s a nt for White . T here a re sharper variation s , howeve r , which
might even be stronge r . For example : 16 b4 d3 17 B b 1 Bxf3 18 gxf3 Na4
1 9 Bxd3 . ft
At this point Karpov h a d used 49 minutes to Korchnoi ' s 4 . T ime cou l d
h ave figured in Ana toly ' s deci s ion t o avoid t h e sharper l ines .

16 • • • Bxf3 17 Qxf3 Nxd4 18 Qc3 Qd5

.ft T h i s is better than 18 Nxc2 19 Qxc2 Ne6 20 Be3 N d4 21 Qe4 c5

22 R a d 1 , when White ' s pieces a re all well place d .

1 9 Be3 Nxc2 20 Qxc2 Nd3

T h i s ideal move demon strates the point to B l ack ' s 18th ; there is no
favorable way of driving out the knight , which c a n be very sharp in this
position . White h a s to play preventively .

21 Red1 Rfd8
22 Game Two

22 Qxc7

N aturally , White cannot allow the Black pawn to m arch down to c4 ;

a fterwards the k n ight at d3 remains far too a live . And 22 e6 is ineffective ,
owing to 22 . . . fxe6 ( b ut not 22 . . . c5? 23 e7 Rd7 24 Bxc5 ! Qxc5 25 Qxc5
N xc5 26 Rxd7 Nxd7 27 R d 1 w in s ) 23 Qxc7 e5 ; here the weakness of the
e-pawn would b e l a rgely abstract , while the threats to White ' s k ing s i de
could g row quite concrete .

22 • • . Qxe5 23 Qxe5 Nxe5 24 b3

White ' s b i shop is somewhat more active than the opposing knight , but
with the material left on the board such a n a dvantage i s a t most theoretica l .
P e r h a p s this would have been the proper time t o bring u p the king , since
Black ' s knight would not have been able to maintain i t self on c4 in any
event . ft
After making move 24 , Ka rpov finally - a n d for the first time in two
games - rose from his seat a t the table . He walked off stage and dis ap-
peared for a couple of minute s . Looking for refreshment s , or . . . ?

24 . . . f6 25 Bb6

As Karpov pondered h i s 25th move , a w a iter approached the s t a g e a n d

w a s intercepted at i t s s i d e s t a irway by Deputy Arbiter Ma nuel L a r a . After
a brief spell of whi spering , Lara took a small tray from the w a iter and
carried it to Chief Arbiter Schmid . More whispering ; then Schmid relayed
to the Champion - still seated a t the t able , s tudying h i s move - what
appeared to be a glass of liquid refre shmen t . Korchnoi , sprawled in h i s
e a sy c h a i r a n d sucking o n a piece o f ca ndy , w atched rather quizzically a s
t h i s triple p l a y transpire d . T h e Yogurt Vari ation ?
( The foregoing query , intended as a little j oke in my note s , proved all
too prescient . The Grea t Yogurt Cont roversy h a d begun ; more about t h a t a s
t h e match progr e s s e s . )

25 • . . Rxd1+ 26 Rxdl ReS 27 Rd2 h5

ft A typical solution to such an e n d g ame ; the best place for Black ' s
kingside pawn s . Now on 28 f4 Ng6 29 g 3 , White h a s to cope with 29 . . . h4
and his pawns on the k ing side a re not so s a fe .

2 8 Be3 K f7 29 f4

Drawn upon Karpov ' s offe r , in a n ticipation of the continuation 29 . . .

Rc3 30 fxe5 ( 30 Kf2 Nd3+ 3 1 Kf3 f5 ! could lead to difficulties for White )
Rxe3 31 exf6 Kxf6 . Times used 1 : 55 - 1 : 35 . ft
 GAME THREE

Saturday, 22nd July

R aymond Keene entered the h a l l coughing a n d blowing ; he w a s suffering

from a severe h e a d cold but s a i d that Viktor Korchnoi h a d n ' t caught the bug
a n d was fit a n d ready .
Korchnoi came on stage twelve minutes e a rly and did appear to be well .
He relaxed in h i s easy chair a n d looked out at the photog r aphers a s they
snapped away l ike mad .
Karpov emerged from h i s dressing room with only thirty seconds to g o .
After a perfunctory handshake , the g l a diators s e a t e d themselves and Schmid
a g a i n started White ' s clock at exactly 5 : 00 pm .

Korchnoi-Karpov
Nimzo-lndian Defence

1 c4 Nf6 2 d4 e6 3 Nc3

ft Something new in Korchnoi ' s rel at ionship with K arpov - he has never
before allowed a N imzo- I ndian between them .

3 Bb4 4 e3 cS S Nge2

can recall but one other time - a g a i n s t Spas sky - where Korchnoi
played this move . A very sharp v a r i ation a n d White h a s good pos sibilities
on the kingside .
K a rpov encourage s the advance of the enemy c-pawn a n d also delays
somewhat the a dvance of h i s pieces , striving for counterplay on the queen­
side .

S • • • cxd4 6 exd4 dS 7 cS Ne4 8 Bd2 Nxd2 9 Qxd2

Spas sky tried 9 . . . Nc6 10 a3 BaS 1 1 b4 Bc7 12 g3 b6 13 Bg2 bxc5

dxcS and Black had trouble s . ft

9 . . • aS ! ? 10 a3 Bxc3 1 1 Nxc3 Bd7

While w a iting for Korchnoi to make move 1 2 , Karpov l ifted his head
a lmost c a s u a l ly a n d stared directly at h i s opponent for a full thirty seconds .
Then , a lmost as if catching himself, he lowered h i s g aze a n d kept it fastened
resolutely on the positio n .

cs - c 23
24 Game T hree

The Laws of Che ss coul d not begin to list every action which might
distract or annoy an opponent , which players are forbidden to do by Article
19. 1 (c ) . But perhaps the Champion had rec a l l e d a dictum expre s se d by
Yugoslavia ' s Svetozar Gligoric : "The rules of good manners ask for concen­
tration upon the board . "

1 2 Bd3 a4 1 3 0-0 0-0 1 4 f4

ft Both opponents h a ve been succes sfu l in their p l a n , but at this point it

looks a s if White has succeeded more . On an immediate 14 . . . b6 , 15 f5
woul d be very unplea s ant ; hence , some prophy l a x i s fir st .

14 . . . g6

White ' s attack on the k i n g s ide could h ave been l iquidated by 14 . . . f5 ,

but at the cost of too many position a l conce s sion s . ft
K arpov took a long time on thi s 14th move , with Korchnoi e a sy-chairing
it throughout . Viktor appeared to be enjoying the milk chocolate which he
consumed for quick energy during each game. He popped three pieces into
h i s mouth in rapid succe s s ion - first a single chunk , then two at once .

15 Khl

ft Very subj ectively , I think more aggres sive would h ave been an immed-
i ate 15 g4 . For the time being , however , the Challenger i s refraining from
overly-committing continuations . ft
Making h i s move instantly , Korchnoi headed stra ight back to h i s e a sy
chair and poured hot honeyed tea from the thermos which he a lways b r i n g s
onstage . More quick energy , p l u s it c l e a r s t h e fuzzy chocolate coating from
h i s mouth .

15 . . . Nc6 16 Bc2 Ne7

ft The attempt to play actively on the queenside with 16 . . . Na5 17 Qe2

Nc4 fail s , as after 18 Bd3 the knight is immediately driven aw ay .

17 R a e l b6

Black must cre ate counterpl ay . A g a i n , 17 . . . f5 would l e a d to a very

p a s sive position . ft
At 7 : 37 p m , with Karpov thinking on h i s 1 7 th , much ado a s we exper­
ienced the second Yogurt Variation . A w a iter approached , L a r a met him off­
stage a n d then went to Schmid , who waved the w a iter onstage to deposit near
Karpov ' s right elbow a small tray holding spoon , n a pk i n , a n d a full g l a s s
o f violet-colored yogurt .
Korchnoi gave no v isible sign that he w a s disturbed by thi s inter-
 Game Three 25

ruption . ( I ndee d , it w a s Karpov who looked j ust a b i t annoyed . ) In the

hall , however , Petra Leeuwerik w a s hurriedly pa nning her opera g l a s s e s back
a n d forth from Karpov to the v a r ious members - unoffici a l a s well a s official
- of the Soviet Deleg ation .

18 Rf3

ft The immediate 18 f5 w a s tempting , but in that event the continu ation

1 8 . . . Nxf5 19 Bxf5 exf5 , or even 1 8 . . . gxf5 ! ? would h ave left B lack with
a solid position . Korchnoi w i s h e s to double his rooks on the e-file , so a s to
strengthen h i s a dvance . M e a nwhile , White is not afraid of the exchange at
c5 , which would clear d4 for either h i s queen or h i s knight .
The Champion b e g i n s prep arations to meet White ' s unp reventable break
fully arme d . This end i s served by h i s next two moves .

18 . . . Re8 19 Rfe3 Bc6 20 cxb6

But now Black threatened 20 . . . bxc5 21 dxc5 d4 22 R d3 dxc3 ! White

must therefore declare himself. And on 20 f5 , Black can still reply 20 . . .
gxf5 . ft

20 . . • Qxb6 2 1 g4

T he Challenger , obviously satisfied with h i s position , again relaxed in

h i s e a sy chair . Deep gulps from the thermos cup , then more chocolate as he
waited for Ka rpov to move .
ft Here , 2 1 f5 looke d very threatening . The problem is that 21 . . . Nxf5
22 Bxf5 exf5 does not work , in view of 23 Nxd5 ! Qd8 24 Rxe8+ Bxe8
25 Rxe8+ . Howeve r , Black does h ave a defe n s e : 2 1 . . . gxf5 22 Rg3+ Ng6
( 22 . . . Kh8 i s a l so possible , s ince 23 Qh6 fa i l s against 23 . . . Qxd4 ) 23 h4
Qc7 !
Now , howeve r , Black ' s position look s very shaky . The a dvance to f5
i s un stopp able and White i s not to be distracted , even by the capture of the
b-pawn . But the Champion remained un ruffl e d .

2 1 . . . Qc7 ! 22 f5 exf5 !

It might seem that Black obt a i n s counterplay with 22 . . . Qf4 , but after
23 fxe5 fxe5 24 Qd1 (a very strong move ! ) Bd7 25 Bxa4 , h i s position
d i s i ntegrate s .

23 gxf5 Qd6

The threat w a s 24 f6 .
23 Qf4 falls short again : White h a s at h i s dispos a l the very
powerful move 24 Bd3 ! , with the ide a 25 Bb5 ; and the piece sacrifice 24 . . .
26 Game T hree

Qxd4 25 Rxe7 Rxe7 26 Rxe7 Qf6 is in sufficient , in view of 27 Re2 ! d4+

28 N e4 Qxf5 ( or . . . gxf5 29 Rg2+ ) 29 Kg 1 .
After 23 . . . Qd6 , Black intended to continue with . . . Kg7 and . . . Ng8 ;
therefore , 24 ReS , which w a s recommended by a number of foreign correspon­
dents as virtually the winning move , would not have succeede d .
The most unpleasant move for B l a c k would h a v e been t h e quiet 2 4 Rg3 ,
avoiding the excha nge of rook s . White h a s a dangerous attack , although it
is a long path to the conclus ion .
The Challenger ' s actual move b r i n g s a bout an immediate simplification . .ft.
Viktor c radled his head in both h a n d s a n d rocked h i s entire body from
side to side while con sidering what 24th move to mak e . H e took a long time
and appeared very nervou s before making this one .

24 Rh3? Nxf5 ! 25 Bxf5 gxfS

.ft. But not 25 . . . Rxe l+ 26 Qxe l g xf5 27 Qh4 .

Now the activity of White ' s pieces turns out to be good only for a
draw .

26 Rgl+ Kh8 27 Rh6 Re6 28 Rxe6 Qxe6

28 . . . fxe6 would be p l aying with fire unnec e s s arily .

29 Qg5 Qg6 30 Qh4 Qe6 Drawn , since the repetition of moves is logi­
cally forced . T imes used 2 : 23 - 2 : 17 . .ft.
The g leeful relief of the Soviets in the a udience when the point w a s
split emphasize d that throughout the g a m e they b e lieved their Champion t o b e
i n serious trouble . Viktor B aturinsky , who is constantly solicitous of
Karpov ' s well-being , embraced Florencio C a mpomanes a n d s a i d "Now I believe
that we s h a l l be enj oying your hospitality for six month s . " Considering its
source , a rema rk a b le admis s ion of the fact that Korchnoi i s an extremely
worthy Challenger !
 The Yogu rt Wa r

We have already noted that interruptions to " normal routine" occurred

during g am e s two and three when a w aiter delivered a g l a s s of yogurt to the
Champ ion . If the Chief Arbiter and the Challenger had been alerted in
a dv a nce to this intended service , probably no one woul d h a ve g iven it a
second thoug ht . The action c ame as a surp r i s e , however , a n d constituted a
minor onstage distraction which ultimately flared into a n u i s a nce controversy
offsta g e .
Chief Second Raymond Keene held that the prote st lodged by the
Korchnoi Deleg ation began a s an attempt at humor , a rather lighthearted
effort to alleviate the tension enveloping the match . The wording of the
letter which he and Michael Stean composed ( at the apparent behest of Mrs .
Leeuwerik ) tends to support that view .

Thursday, July 20, 1 9 78

To the Chief A rb iter
Dear Herr Schmid,
It was ob served during th e second game today tha t at one point a
yogurt was p a ssed to Mr . Karpov from th e Soviet Delegation via on e of the
arb iters . A ccording to the FIDE rules for the World Ch amp ionsh ip , section
4 . 54 , "an arbiter may make and receive emergency calls at the special phone
in his dressing room . There shall be no other communica tion into or o u t of
th e restricted area . 1 1 (Restricted A rea is defined in Section 4 . 5 . )
Reception of yogurt or a l tern a tive susten a nce is evidently not coun ten­
a nced by this cla use, and we protest most strongly against this serious
infringement of the FIDE regu l a tion s . It is clear th a t a cunningly arranged
distrib u tion of edible items to one p layer during the game, emana ting from
one delegation or the other, could con vey a kind of code message. Th u s a
yogurt after move 20 could sign ify "we instruct you to offer a dra w"; or a
sliced mango could mean "we order you to decline a dra w " . A dish of marin­
a ted q u a ils ' eggs could mean "play Ng4 a t once" and so on. The possib ilities
are limitless .
The player should take all his req u irements on to the stage with h im a t
the s tart o f the game, a n d no extraneous food or extra equipment should b e
delivered during the game. We protest against this a c tion by th e Soviet
Delegation during game two and req uest the ch ief arbiter to suppress all
further infringements of this n a ture .
Yours sincerely,
(Origina l signed)
P. LEEUWERIK
Head of Korchnoi Delega tion
27
28 The Yogurt W a r

Lothar Schmid ' s i n i t i a l re action w a s t o t r e a t this communication a s a

witticism , a w a y of calling attention to the ludicrous a spects of several
matters which h a d been treated with great solemnity even before play com­
menced ; for exampl e , the chair which w a s found to be in good h e a lth .
M ichael Ste an supported Schmid ' s reaction to the protest by ob serving
to the p re s s : " I f the flag issue w a s a test of the J u ry ' s impartiality , this
i s to test its sense of humor . "
The j oke - if that ' s what it w a s truly intended to be - soon b ackfi re d .
What R aymon d , Michae l , a n d Lothar failed to con sider w a s that neither Viktor
B aturinsky nor Petra Leeuwerik ever would - ever could - take anything
connected with the rna tch in any but a serious vein .
B aturinsky w a s furious a n d labeled as outlandish the very sugge stion
of a World Champion rece1vmg outside a dvice during play . He counter­
attacked to the p r e s s by que stioning whether or not signals might be sent to
the stage through the movement of binocul a r s . ( M rs . Leeuwerik w a s one of
several persons who had been ob served using binoc ul a r s during the g ames . )
The Great Yog urt Controversy w a s confirmed a s being unfunny when , on
the heels of B aturinsky ' s blowup , Petra m a de it c l e a r that she , too , w a s
serious . " I worded t h e protest in a humorous manner" , s h e s a i d , " b u t I c a n
rewrite i t more seriously if t h a t is nece s s a ry . W h a t I ' m a g a i n st is anything
from the Soviet Delegation being p a s s e d to Karpov during a game . It could
be some kind of communication a nd that is a g a i n s t the Match Regul ation s . "
At the request of Chief Arbiter Sch m i d , the J ury met in the B ag u io
Country Club at 1 1 : 00 am on Monday , 24th J uly . I n addition to its seven
member s , F I D E P re sident Euwe was in attendance .
P a r agraph 4 . 5 1 of the Match Regulations prohibited entry into the
restricted area ( on and around the stage of p l ay ) , except that " a doctor ,
waiter , or mechanic may enter if requested by an a rbiter in an emergency" .
After several rather j ocular attempts to define an emergency and general
wonderment at how many vari ations there were in flavors and colors of
yogurt , the J ury dealt with this not-so-difficult problem . It amended the
Regul ations , a s it was authorized to do b y paragraph 1 1 . 3 1 thereof. Acting
upon a suggestion of its Chairm a n , D r . Lim Kok A n n , the J ury a dded "or in
special c ircumst ances a s determined by an arbiter" to the previously quoted
provi s ion of paragraph 4 . 5 1 . With t h i s c l arification , Chief Arbiter Schmid
could re solve the i s sue .
The Chief Arbiter next referred to paragraph 4 . 52 , which rea d : "At
least two a rbiters shall be on the stage at all time s . " Mr. Schmid commented
that it w a s rather impractic al for the two a rbiters on stage to remain there
100% of the time . Acting upon a suggestion by M r . Baturinsky and with the
agreement of all members , the J ury amended this p aragraph by adding " In
general " , to be the first two words thereof.
There w a s a short d i s c u s s ion of those p a r a g raphs in the Regulations
which dealt with cameras a n d recording e quipment . The J ury agreed unani­
mously that these paragraphs must be strictly interpreted a n d that no private
cameras could be permitted in the auditoriu m . Mrs . Leeuwerik , who h a d
t aken photographs o f t h e stage during g a m e three , speeded discussion along
by saying : "No problem s . I make no more photos . "
T h i s most cordial of all the J ury Meetings held at B a guio adj ourned
after only an hour and five minute s . The following letters provided final
clarific ation prior to game four .

July 24 , 1 9 78
Mr . L othar Schmid
Chief, Arb iter, World Chess Ch ampion ship

Dear Mr. Schmid,

On b eh a lf of World Champion A n a toly Karpov, I hereby con vey h i s
stand on issues th a t h a d b een discussed a t t h e meeting o f July 24 , 1 9 78.
 The Yogurt War 29

1 . World Champion wishes th a t 1n the course of each game - at a

fixed time, e . g . 7 pm to 7 :30 pm - a beverage prep ared by his person a l
cook b e delivered t o h im by a wa iter design a ted by t h e Organ izers .
World Cha mp ion will not be taking th is b everage or anything in the
way of food a long with h imself b efore the b eginn ing of each game and con­
siders th a t his req u irement i·s not foreseen b y any Section of the Regula tions
and h a d never been demanded for in the prac tice of World Championsh ips .
2. World Champion con siders th a t i n a ccordance with the Section 4 . 52
there are to be present on the stage two Arbiters in genera l .
World Champ ion agrees th a t if one of the three arbiters is not a b le to
carry o u t his du ties because of serious illness or some other extraordinary
rea son , the FIDE Presiden t will appoint a reserve Arb iter. It would be
desira ble th a t Mr. Presiden t submit to both p layers a list of severa l persons
for approva l .
3. World Ch amp ion doesn 1 t object t o th e insta lla tion o f T V camera s by
the entrance of the A u ditorium, on condition th a t all the req u irements stated
in Section 4 . 34 of the Regu la tions b e ob served.
I th ink th a t the decision in respect of Point 1 of this letter should be
taken by you person ally, without members of the Jury being present because
otherwise, World Ch ampion will b e deprived from th e opportunity of presenting
this issue for con sideration of the Jury.

Respectfully yours,
(Origin a l s igned)
VIKTOR BA TURINSK Y
Vice-Presiden t
Soviet Chess Federation
cc: D r . M. E u we - FIDE Presiden t
Mr. Florencio Campoma n es - Ma tch Orga nizer
Cha llenger 1 s Represen ta tive

July 25, 1 9 78
Mr . Viktor Baturinsky
Vice-Presiden t
Soviet Ch ess Federation

Dear Mr. Ba turinsky :

Th ank you for yesterday 1 s letter which I received before midn igh t and
discu ssed immedia tely with Dr. Filip , Dep u ty Arb iter. (Mr. L ara was in
Ma nila and could not b e rea ched for discussion . )
A s origin ally written , paragraph 4 . 51 of the Match Regulations was not
q u ite clear. Therefore, on July 24 the jury decided to modify the en ding of
the third sentence to rea d : "in a n emergency or under special circumstan ces ".
It was in ligh t of this clarifica tion by the jury th a t I came to the following
conclusion s .
First, I agree with your proposa l th a t I m a k e a fter a ll the decision
myself with regard to poin t 1 ; 1 n this way, either one or both p a rties
retain the further possibility of appeal to the jury . Therefore, I req u ested
Ch a irman L im to cancel the jury meeting schedu led for th is morn ing.
Furthermore, I agree with the wish of the World Champion th a t a b ev­
erage c a n be prepared by h is person a l cook and be served a t a fixed time,
e . g. 7 : 1 5 pm, by a waiter design a ted by the organ izers . If it is a violet
yogurt a ga in , n o mention need be m a de in a dvance to me or to the Dep u ty
Arbiters . In case Mr . Karpov wishes to ch a n ge b everages, please let an
Arb iter know in a dvance of the game by describing the new beverage in a
short note . This, in my opin ion , would be a satisfac tory way to q u iet any
30 The Yogurt W a r

dou b ts on the p art of the Cha llenger ' s Delega tion .

In a ddition , both players may h a ve any beverage or food at any time
from the resta urant menu by informing an A rb iter of their desires .

Respectfully yours,
(Original signed)
LOTHAR SCHMID
Chief Arbiter
cc: Korchnoi Delegation
Mr. Florencio Campomanes

A few g ames l ater , not to be outdone , Korchnoi decided that he would

like c a v i a r delivered at the s ame time and by the s ame waiter who brought
Ka rpov ' s yogurt . Now everyone was h appy except the w a iter ; neither player
ever tendered a g r atuity for his services .
 GAME FO UR

Tuesday, 25th July

At 4 : 55 p m , Viktor Korchnoi strode purposefully from h i s dre s sing room

onto the stage , thermos a n d chocolate in h a n d . Apparently he totes h i s own
because he p a rtakes of refreshment so frequently during play t h a t it would
imp ractical to request each time the a s si stance of a w aite r .
An atoly Karpov came i n at 4 : 57 , h i s e arliest onstage appea r a nce to
date . With AK a n d VK both in view , the photographers h a d a field day .
The Worl d Champion notified the org a nizers a fter g ame one that h i s
c h a i r tilted too e a s ily ; t h e nece s sa ry a d j ustment w a s m a d e before g a m e two.
Karpov next said that the chair was too low ; an extra cushion w a s inserted
this morning . Now he tried the chair , pulling it toward the t able a n d lean-
ing forward . There followed a short disc u s s ion with Lothar Schm i d , after
which Chief Org anizer C a mpomanes c ame on ; Campo spoke a few app arently
r e a s s uring words to Anatoly a n d then departed with the extra c u shion .
To me , Korchnoi appeared a b i t weary as the game beg a n . Nor did
K arpov look at all fre s h ; perhaps both l abored too long l a st night on pre-
g ame a n al y s i s ?

Karpov-Korchnoi
Ruy Lopez - Open Variation

1 e4 e5 2 Nf3 Nc6 3 Bb5 a6 4 Ba4 Nf6 5 0--0 Nxe4 6 d4 b5 7 Bb3

d5 8 dxe5 Be6 9 c3 Bc5 10 Nbd2 0--0 1 1 Bc2 Bf5 12 Nb3 Bg4 13 Nxc5
Nxc5 14 Re1 Bh5 ! ?

Korchnoi h e a ded immediately for h i s e a sy chair after making thi s move ,

obvious ly expecting that K a rpov would consider h i s reply at length . And
Karpov did j ust th a t ; he thought for 3 9 minute s , during most o f which the
Challenger relaxed and enj oyed his tea a n d chocolate .
Chess is not a track a n d field event a n d there is no rule a g a i n st
stimulants for the competitors . Wha t , i f anything , i s in Viktor ' s tea and
chocol ate ; in Anatoly ' s yogurt?
During these first several games , both camps h ave tended to scatter
throughout the hall rather than to occupy the areas reserved for their use .
As I w aited for K a rpov to make h i s 15th move , noticed that a t r io of
Soviets w a s seated in the second row from the stage. Supposedly the front
three rows were reserved for distinguished visitors , but the j ournalist
Alexander Roshal w a s in the second row right . In the second row left were
ensconced Valery Krylov , K arpov ' s physical t r a iner , and a Dr . Zoukh a r - the

31
32 Game Four

second doctor ( exact duties unspecifie d ) i n Karpov 1 s entourag e . D r . Zouk h a r

fixed a n unbroken stare upon Korchnoi during t h e entire 3 9 minutes which
Ka rpov devoted to this move ; Korchnoi seemed not to notice .
ft "Mistake or T ra p ? " w a s the approximate tone of most headlines in the
P hilippine papers 1 published reports on the fourth game , the point being
that the author of the Encyclopedia segment devoted to the Open Ruy Lopez is
Viktor Korchnoi . Both sides followed the second game until move 14, when
Black varied with 1 4 . . . Bh5 . I n the Encyclopedia , this move is accom p a nied
by a question m ark . T he author g ives the v a r i ation 15 Bg5 ! Bxf3 16 Qxf3
Qxg5 17 Qxd5 , quoting Bronstein-Flohr , 1 944 U SSR Championship .
T he Champion spent over h a l f an hour con s idering this position . If
one continues with 1 7 . . . R ae8 , there is n o rea son t o speak o f a n advantage
for White . For example : 18 Qxc6 Rxe5 19 Qxc7 Rxel+ 20 Rxel Qd2 . At
any rate , Karpov continued 15 h3 , achieved no a dvantag e , a n d a repetition
of moves was begun shortly . ft

15 h3 Re8 16 Bf4 Ne6 17 Bd2

Korchnoi moved rapidly now , Karpov more slowly . As Karpov thought

on h i s 17th , D r . Zouk h a r sta red intently at a demonstration board rather
than at Korchnoi .

ft 17 . . . Nc5 18 Bf4 Ne6 19 Bd2 Draw agree d to , once again upon

Karpov 1 S offe r . T imes used 0 : 52 - 0 : 4 1 . ft
The g ame w a s over so quickly that Karpov 1 s yogurt never got n e a r the
stage !
I made a beeline for the P ines Hotel to a s k Korchnoi 1 s seconds why
Viktor h a d not stayed with g ame two rather t h a n opting for the rotten ( ? )
14 . . . Bh5 . Now the principal members of h i s brain trust contradicted one
a nother . "We had a secret variation" , s a i d R aymond Keene . " I t was a mis­
take" , smiled Mich ael Stean .
Keene seemed ebullient after this fourth straight draw . "Viktor Korchnoi
is content with a long series of draws early on" , was his rema rk . "He is
phy s ic ally stronger than A n a toly Karpov and the building tens ion w i l l even­
tually work in h i s favor . "
A view not universally held . Newspaper reporter Ding Marcelo, writing
for Manila 1 s Bulletin Today, opined : "A long-drawn struggle i s most likely
to favor Karpov because he is twenty y e a r s younger a n d could better s t a n d
t h e s t r a i n o f a n extended contest . "
Differences of opinion are what make horse races .
 D UEL IN A DAMP SHANGRI-LA
by

Gavin Young

The copyrigh t on the a b ove-n amed article is held by The Observer of L on don,
England. We a cknowledge with thanks th e permission given by The Ob server
L imited to extract from it the following.

F ive o ' clock sharp , Korchnoi and Karpov enter from the w i ng s , right
a n d left . You a l most expect them to p r a nce downstage a n d , grinning , swing
into a soft-shoe shuffle to a n i n v i s ible orche str a .
B ut no. T h e i r approach to the floodlit t able with the black a n d white
pieces set out , a l l ready under the huge " silence" notic e , i s sedate .
Korchnoi t a l le r , s lightly bow e d , balding , l ike a friendly bear . Young
Karpov , a w i s p of a man , brown h a i r falling boyishly over one eyebrow ,
slig htly fl atfoot e d .
T hey p a y n o attention t o t h e a udience , a c arefully m e asured 4 1 feet
awa y , or to each other . T hey shake h a n d s ( touch h a n d s , r e a lly ) with a
b l i n d , abstracted a i r . It is not dislike , Korchnoi told me . It is s imply
t h a t , to each of them , the other might not be there , in that concentrated
moment .
T h e audience whispe r s . The c ameramen a re b a n i s he d . The fra i l m a n
i n the l ight b l u e s u it ( Ka rpov ) t e s t s h i s white chair , rests h i s elbows on the
t able , locks his h a n d s over his mouth l ike a s quirrel munching an acorn ,
bends h i s flared trouser-l e g s under him a n d crosses one brown show over the
othe r , pale eyes fixed on the boa r d .
Korchnoi , in h i s special $15 , 000 g reen c h a i r , unhurrie dly l e a n s forw a r d ,
a d j u s t i n g between finger a n d thumb d a rk g l a s s e s which h a v e mirror surfaces
to block Karpov ' s unnerving stare .
Silence . T h e n eight m inute s of move s - a lmost a flurry . It subsides ,
a n d Korchnoi g e t s up a n d strol l s away , h a n d s i n coat pocket s , to a n arm­
c h a i r on the e dge of the stage . There he sits dow n , cross e s his leg s , a n d
c almly w atches F i lipinos struggle to m ark up the move s o n t w o h u g e boards
on each s ide of the stag e .
T h rough binocul ar s , I s e e Karpov ' s smooth cheeks twitching s lightly ,
h i s l i p s very slightly pursing a n d unpursing , as he ponders Korchnoi ' s
move . He ponders it for 20 minutes . He may ponder it for 20 mor e . P eople
le ave for a drink .
T here ' s no hurry . T h i s tournament is boun d to go on for three month s ,
m aybe much longer . Ches s , we a l l k now , i s s low , like elephants making
love . But here the slow n e s s suddently a stoun d s you .
Every other evening , perhaps until Christma s , these two men w i l l enter
t h i s h a l f-empty 1 , 000-seat h a l l , and p l a y chess from 5 p m to 10 pm , until
one of them has won six g ames .

33
34 Duel in a Damp Shangri-La

It i s B ag u io ' s rainy s e a son . I t w i l l r a i n every day until October .

Sometimes the l ittle town is blanketed in dense fog . The small , friendly
Malay-like B aguio people say "Have a nice day" in Americ an accents . T hey
c arry umbrella s . M iddle-aged men , with the features of bronzed Somerset
Maughams , s i p San Miguel beer ( "Cerveza Negra - P ac k s Vigor" ) in b ar s ,
wearing sweaters like Welsh miners in Novembe r .
Viktor Korchnoi i s a t the P ines Hotel . I t h a s a vaguely Bavarian look
a n d a bla zing wood fire in the h a l l . He c a n be seen any day ( genially
chatting ) i n the c a feteria .
A n a toly Karpov and h i s henchme n , including two Soviet Grandm a sters , a
taciturn ma na ge r called Viktor B aturinsky , an interpreter a n d a cook , l ive
in a tower of the very modern , neo-Babylonian Terraces P l a za Hotel , i solated
from the world l ike the P ri soner of Z a n d a .
Everyone feels very i solated here . I n an oce an of pine tree s , B a g uio
is like a very damp Shangri-l a .
P ol itics got into the act e arly . Korchnoi sat back at the opening
ceremony under P re sident M arco ' s eye a n d hooted with glee when the P h i l ip­
pines A rmy B a n d played the " I nternationale" instead of the Soviet n ational
anthem . I t more t h a n made up for the Soviet refu s a l to let h i m use the flag
of h i s recently adopted country , Switzerla n d .
Then c ame the great yog urt controversy . Karpov liked having yogurt
- usually violet-colored - delivered to him during play . One of Korchnoi ' s
secon d s , B ritish Grandma ster R aymon d Keene , w rote a letter to Grandma ster
Lot h a r Schmi d , the West Germa n arbiter of the m atch . " I t i s clear that a
cunningly arranged distribution of edible items to one p l ayer could
convey a t i ny code messag e . A yog urt could mean ' we in struct you t o offer
a draw ' . A dish of marinated quail s ' eggs coul d mean . . . " .
Surely a j oke of sorts ? But careful arbiter Schmi d , a young 50 ,
neutral a s a p a t of butter , s a i d to me , " Wel l , you know , there could be a
code in a split b a n an a . But no one s uspected F i scher ' s sour f i sh in 1 972 " .
M r s . P e t r a Leeuwerik , Viktor Korchnoi ' s con stant and voluble comp anion ,
is h i s formidable politic a l tricks master a s well .
Originally Austrian ( now Dutch ) , she w a s seized by the R u s s i a n s in the
Soviet zone of Vienna after the war and g iven 20 years a s a spy in the
infamous Vorkuta l abor camp . She served nine years there , leading occa sion al
revolts . She is beautiful , 49 , and very tough .
She met Korchnoi three months a fter h i s defection in 1976 . "Our meeting
w a s Kismet" , she s ay s . "The Soviets w a n t to k i l l him in a mental w a y . "
"You say they are using microw a ve s ? "
" Who know s ? F rom the Soviets I expect m a n y things - all b ad ! "
F urther t a l k of Kismet from Mich ael Stea n , a nother British Grandma ster
a n d Korchnoi secon d , s l ightly built , quietly a ffable , who overlapped at
Trinity , Cambridge , in 197 1 with the heavyweight , ebullient R aymond Keene .
Keene h a d met Korchnoi in H a v a n a in 1 972 a n d again in Geneva a fter
h i s defection . Korchnoi l ikes having supporters around - unlike Bobby
Fische r , the g e n i u s w h o d i s t r u s t s everyone so he recruited Keene , a n d
Keene recruited h i s friend Ste a n .
For Stea n "it w a s an act of fate" . It h a s , he says , improved h i s
che s s enormou s l y . After every g ame , Keene and Stea n g o into a huddle with
Korchnoi , trying to a n a lyze Karpov ' s state of mind from h i s move s .
I a s k Ste an about ches s . "Ches s , " h e s ay s , " i s a talent for p attern
recognition . Compare it with music or math . Or code-breaking . Memory?
F i scher ' s chess memory i s fanta stic . "
Another c h e s s champion here told me , " I c a n memorize p a g e s of poems
a n d so on . " I asked how long , then , it would take him to memorize , say , a
Shakespeare sonnet? Half an hour? "About that . "
"This ? " I held up the P ines c afeteria men u : . potage , k a re k a re
( br a i s e d ox-knuckles with eggplants , b a n a n a blossoms and beans ) , coffee or
tea - seven lines of print .
 Duel in a Damp Shangri-la 35

"No, no , " he said quickly , "You see , I ' m not interested in that . "
Stean s a id , " I can ' t remember verse . even forget my key in my
room . " He c a n remember telephone numbers .
Most people , Keene says , are a t their chess peak a t about 30 - h i s own
age , as it h appens . Korchnoi , 47 , i s , statistically spe akin g , over the h i l l .
"But Viktor is an exception to a l l the rules . "
U nder the B a g uio convention h a l l , when the play is on , the p l ayers '
secon d s , security men a n d j ournalists wa nder about between a restaurant , a
telex room a n d two b a r s .
T angle-ha ired Grandmasters fling pieces about chessboards in a h a ze of
smoke , trying to work out what the two T i t a n s on the stage overhead are up
to.
We watch in sweaty heat despite air conditioning . A German Grand-
ma ster is booming "How to l iberate Ka rpov ' s position , which is p a s sive ? " It
sounds like a tricky question .
As the five hours drag on , tell myself to remember never to ask
a nyone "Who ' s w i n n i n g ? " The reply would be a lmost a s devastating a s a
flamethrower .
At one point , am s lammed amicably into a chair by the excitable
F i l ipino org a nizer of this million-doll a r wing ding , F lorencio Campomanes , and
simult aneously b e a r-hugged by j oy fu l Soviet cosmon aut Vitaly Seb a s t ianov , a
two-time Hero of the Soviet U nion , two red ribbons with stars on h i s l a pe l ,
a n d a full tumbler o f neat vodka in h i s powerful h a n d .
"Name? Youn g ? Ha , you a l w a y s young man . " W e drink several
tumblers a n d he tells about fly ing through s p ace in Soyuz a n d Salyut .
"Come home , " he bawl s , h anding me his a ddre s s . " St a r-Tow n , Moscow . "
When I leave , my notes are sodden with vodk a , my cheek scratched by
meda l s .
I n the P ines cafeter i a , Y a s h a Murey , a young R u s s i a n in Korchnoi ' s
p arty who recently left R u s s i a for I sr ae l , s a y s to Campomanes , " B e d noos
forr you . " " B a d new s ? " "You h e f fetal kees . " "My k i s s i s fatal , h a ! " "No ,
no . B aturinsky he kees you lest n ight . Fetal . Maybe you die . "
I decide to beard B a turinsky . A deep voice answers the telephone from
room 242 . "J ' ai one meeting at onze heures , " he say s . The r ' s roll like
b a l l s i n a sk ittle alley . " M a i s possible for y o u at quatre heure s , four
hou r s ? "
A t four o ' c lock , over coffee , we meet . B aturin sky is short , v a stly
tubby , b a l di s h , wears specs . He looks to me like an old Hollywood comedy
actor of the 1 950s called "Cuddles" Z a k a l . Through a smooth , b lond inter­
preter in a b l ue b l a ze r , he s ay s : " T h i s yogurt business , r idiculou s . And
they s ay we held Korchnoi back to adva nce our pet K a rpov . Quite untrue . . . " .
B aturinsky b low s out thick smoke from a fat c i g a r .
Doe s Karpov - so thin - need special food? " Some . B ut that ' s in the
confidence of our cook . " Can I see the cook? B aturinsky smile s , puffing
smoke . " N o . Sorry . He ' s not around . "
He adds : " You know , the Korchnoi people say I have no humor . But
those who know me say that I am a humorous m a n . M y age? Wel l , was
born in 19 1 4 , b u t t h a t i s not t h e rea son t h e Grea t War beg a n . " H e beams .
" I l ike that , " I say .
I say the Korchnoi people claim h i s team is in touch with Moscow to
receive che s s a dvice . "Yes . " Smoke envelopes me from both sides .
"Through the cook . 007 ! L a te r , w� may bring up space rockets . "
I say I ' d l ike to see Karpov . " I ' ll do my b e st . " We s h ake h a n d s .
s ay : "And the cook? " He turns to the interpreter , puzzle d : " E n g l i sk i
humo r ? " And he w addles away , t r a i l i n g smoke .
I s aw A natoly Karpov ( Tolya to h i s team ) in the lobby at ten paces .
P eople say he weighs only 1 15 pounds . He certainly looks frail .
He h a s a romantic look . I n fact he l i k e s reading Lermontov , the
R u s s i a n rom antic . He has few friend s . N o g i rl s . He i s c a utiou s , defe n s ive
36 Duel in a D amp Shangri-la

at che s s . ( Korchnoi i s the romantic , daredevil counter-attacker . ) Soviet

Grandmaster Mikhail T a l says : "He ' s a minor geniu s , trying to become a
major geniu s . "
"He ' s so cool " , Michael Stean told me . " I p layed with him once in
Spain in a disco , a n d the a i r conditioning faile d . Everyone sat there
streamin g . Karpov w a s n ' t even sweating . "
L ucky for Ka rpov , because c h e s s i s , physically , immensely taxing .
P layers c a n lose two or three pounds in a g ame . Hence Korchnoi ' s j ogging ,
a n d Karpov ' s tennis at the U . S . Air Force rest c a m p here .
Keeping up championship stamina plays h a voc with d a ily routine .
After matche s , Korchnoi stays up late a n a ly zing them with Stea n and Keene .
In the morning he gets up at 1 1 o ' c lock . Before a match he sleeps for one
hour .
His b re a k fast is porridge , l aced w ith whiskey or honey . Between
game s , I ra n i a n c a v i a r ( "good for the b r a i n " ) . He i s vol atile , b rave ( " I
fe a r only the dentist" ) , a n d although h e i s a n aturally heavy drinker a n d
smoker , he gives up smoking a n d m o s t drinking for t h e two-to-three-month
match . He likes Tolstoy , Solzhenitsyn , Sherlock Holme s , people and cats .
There are 12 Grandmasters here . Between g ame s , one c a n hear these
Einsteins of chess playing without boards over cream-cakes at the P ines .
And the noise of genius at p l a y is con siderable .
" L i ste n , what about t h i s . P-QB4 , N-KB3 , P-Q4 - Hey , I ordered milk . "
"Vot i s he showink you ?" " J u s t a m i n ut e . Moment . P -K4 , N-QB3 , B-NS ,
how ' s t h a t ? " "Kindly s p e a k S p a n i s h s o I c a n underst a nd . " " W a i t , J a ? P-K3 ,
P-B4 . . . that seems to work . " "Vy you not trying N-K2 ? " "Oh , what ' s the
R u s s i a n for ' forget it ' ? " The n ames echo out cheerfully . " Yuri . . . Y a s h a . . .
D r a g a n . . . M a x . . . Eugene . . . Miguel . . . Bob . . . " .
I a sked Grandmasters T a l ( USSR ) , N a j dorf ( Argentina ) , Schmid ( Ger­
many ) , Keene ( UK ) , and Byrne ( USA ) how they s a w the play so far . They
agreed : Level very high a n d controlled - a hint of pre s sure from Korchnoi .
"Three months more ? " I a sked . Byrne : " I ' m afraid so . "
I n the P ines c a feteria , someone s ay s : "Viktor , the weather here is b a d
u n t i l October . So , 3 0 g ames o f b a d weathe r . Then 7 0 games o f sun , no?"
Petra Leeuwerik s ay s : "Viktor likes bad weather . " Korchnoi , in a Sussex
University T-shirt , roared with l a ughte r : " Yes , y e s . "
Soon the clouds came dow n . A typhoon w a s approaching this hilltop
Surrey-in-the-P h i lippine s .
 GAME FIVE

Thursday, Friday, and Sunday; 27th, 28th, and 30th July

Strong winds and torrenti al r a i n gave notice that Typhoon Emang w a s

approaching the P hilippines . There w a s almost no movement in B a g uio City
this morning , with only e s sential service vehicles and a few of the ubiquitous
t a x i s n avigating the slippery streets . Despite the storm ' s severity , at noon
the organizers let it be known that - neither camp having requested a post­
ponement - the schedule would be m a in t a ined .
It w a s nearly five o ' clock when Korchnoi came in , se ated himself at
the tabl e , a n d prepared h i s score sheet . Schmid started h i s clock almost
immedi ately and K a rpov entered at j ust that moment . Viktor rose and cour­
teously offered h i s hand to Anatoly ; they shook and play began as the
tropic a l storm raged outside . An ome n ?

Korchnoi-Karpov
Nimzo- Indian Defence

1 c4 Nf6 2 d4 e6 3 Nc3 Bb4 4 e3 c5 5 Nge2 d5

it Another possibility , 5 ... cxd4 6 exd4 d5 , was seen in g ame three . it

6 a3 Bxc3+ 7 Nxc3 cxd4 8 exd4 dxc4 9 Bxc4 Nc6 10 Be3 0-0 1 1 0-0
b6 12 Qd3 Bb7 13 Rad1 h6

Both sides made their first 9 moves very r a p i dly . T hen Karpov p l ayed
moves 10 through 1 3 almost immediately but Korchnoi spent several minutes on
e ach of the m . While Viktor thought , Anatoly slowly paced the stage , h a n d s
behind his back . Today he s e e m s t h e better prepared o f t h e two ; will
Korchnoi f i n d a w ay t o v a ry and still m a i n t a i n a sound g a m e ?
D r . Zouk h a r h a s preempted t h e same seat as in game four ; second row
left . Head down , stare fixed constantly on Korchnoi .

14 f3 ! ?

it The new move selected by the Challenger i s h a r dly an improvement over

the usual 14 R fe l . The strong point d5 a s sures Black of rea son able possi-
bilitie s . it
VK took 25 minutes for h i s 14th move .

14 •. . . Ne7 15 Bf2 Nfd5 16 Ba2 Nf4

37
38 Game Five

.ft. 16 N f5 was also possible . In that event , of course , Black would

h ave to reckon with 17 Nxd5 Bxd5 19 B b 1 , which would sooner or l ater have
induced . . . g 6 . T h e Champion selects another p la n ; unhurriedly completing
h i s development , he provokes the a d v a nce of White ' s kings ide pawn s , expect­
ing the weakening of White ' s position to tell , sooner or late r .

17 Qd2 Nfg6 18 Bb1 Qd7 19 h4

T here does not seem to be any other way for White to develop his in it­
i ative ; he must h ave h a d a kingside storm in mind when making h i s 14th
move . .ft.
To here , Korchnoi had used twice as much time as h i s opponent . Karpov
frequently relaxed in his easy chair , g a zed mostly out over the audience but
occ a s ionally in Korchnoi ' s direction .

19 . . . Rfd8 20 h5 Nf8 21 Bh4 f6 22 Ne4 Nd5

.ft. Force d by the threat of 23 Bxf6 , but at the s ame time this is a useful
move which strengthens B l a ck ' s position . .ft.

23 g4

The storm out side worsened ; the l ights flickered several times a n d the
drumming rain became highly audible but t h i s sound apparently did not
bother either K .
Exactly a t 7 : 1 5 , a s Karpov thought heavily on h i s 23rd move , a w a iter
b rought violet-colored yog urt . He w a s escorted to the stage-left steps by
Ma nuel Lara ; met there by Chief Arbiter Schm i d , who escorted him to the
table and then offstage via the steps to the right . Per Schmid ' s instruction s ,
this routine will b e followed hereafte r .
T h rough it all , Korchnoi sat in h i s e a s y chair , munching o n chocol ate .
At 7 : 1 9 , T yphoon Emang knocked out B a g uio City ' s power supply . The
Convention Center was in complete d a rk n e s s except for b attery-operated
emergency lights around the stage ' s perimete r . Lothar Schmid stopped the
clock a n d sent Karpov away from the board . ( Schmid had prior experience
in a similar situation ; at Buenos Aires in 1 97 1 , the auditorium l ights failed
b r iefly during a F i scher-Petrosian g a me . )
The ever-resourceful F lorencio Campomanes h a d anticipated even thi s .
Within one minute , a portable generator which h e h a d in structed the Center ' s
en gineer to h ave on standby w a s ope r ating a n d our h a l l became the only
fully-lighted building in all of B a g u i o .
A s soon a s t h e l ights came back on , Korchnoi poured tea from his
thermos a n d drank deeply , draining the l arge cup .

23 • . • Rac8 24 Bg3 Ba6 25 Rfe 1 Rc6

 Game Five 39

.ft. The sh arp 25 . . . f5 would be completely j ustified if 26 N d6? f4 ! After

26 Nf2 , however , White ' s knight would be in an excellent position .

26 Rcl Ne7

Up to this point , Karpov has played very accurately ; by conti n u ing

26 . . . Bb7 ( 26 . . . Bb5 may have been even better ) , he could h ave obtained
an excellent position . T h i s careless knight withdrawal hands over the
i niti ative to his opponent .

27 Rxc6 Qxc6

After 27 . . . Nxc6 28 N d6 , removing that annoying knight would be no

e a sy t a s k : 28 . . . Qc7 29 Qf4 . After the text , it might appear that White ' s
att ack h a s been snuffed out ; but the tactical resource s in the position
require that it be evaluated in his favor . .ft.

28 Ba2 Qd7 29 Nd6

To me , A n a toly ' s posture , body movement s , faci a l expressions all

i ndicated that he w a s satisfied with the course of events after he made his
next ( 29th ) move . Perhaps bec a u se he had 43 minutes remaining on the
clock to 25 for Viktor?
.ft. I n reply to the natural 29 . . . Nc8, White has a spect acular combin­
ation : 30 R xe6 ! ( not 30 d5 Nxd6 31 dxe6 Qe7 32 Bxd6 R xd6 33 Qxd6 Qxd6
34 e7+ Kh7 35 e8Q Qg3+ ) 30 . . . Nxe6 31 Qe3 Kf8 32 Bxe6 Qe7 33 Nf5 ,
w ith powerful threats . Since 29 . . . N d5 30 Bxd5 exd5 3 1 Qe3 is unfavor­
able for Black , Ka rpov ' s deci s ion to part with his strong bi shop must be the
correct one . .ft.

29 . . . Bb7 30 Nxb7 Qxb7 31 Qe3 Kh8 32 Rcl Nd5 33 Qe4 Qd7

34 Bbl Qb5

Now I received the strong impre s s ion that Korchnoi felt he must first
beat the clock ; beating Karpov would have to come after t h a t . ( Viktor
b arely did make the time control - with seconds remaining - on his 40th
move . )
.ft. F inding h imself in a difficult position , Ka rpov resourcefully seeks out
ways to stir up counter-play . T h i s move induces a weakening of White ' s
queen ' s wing .

35 b4 Qd7 36 Qd3 Qe7 37 Kf2 f5 ! ?

P a s sive p l a y would be without prospects , especially in view of White ' s
two bishop s . Noting h i s opponent ' s approaching time pres sure , Karpov
sharpens the g ame .

cs - 0
40 Game F ive

38 gxf5 exf5 39 Rel Qf6 40 Be5

The tempting 40 ReS f4 4 1 Rf5 fxg3+ 42 K g l loses i n curious fashion :

Black could play 42 . . . N f4 ! 43 Qe4 Rxd4 44 R x f6 R d l + .

40 • • • Qh4+ 41 Bg3 Qf6 42 Rhl

White continues to p l a y for t h e w i n - for which , it m u s t b e admitte d ,

h e h a s quite a sufficient b a s i s . T h e immediate threat is Bh4 . ft
Here the g ame w a s adjourned for the first t ime ; Korchnoi l e ft himself a
mere 12 minutes in which to make the second time control ( at move 56 ) .
After a dj ournment , I could not find a ny of K a rpov ' s people at The
Terraces . At the P ines Hote l , I did see Grandmaster Keene a s he made h i s
way toward a n e levator , bound for the upper s anctum a n d a n a l y s i s with
Korchnoi . R ay ' s opinion : "90% of the full point . "
At 4 : 59 the next afternoon , Chief Arbiter Schmid cut open the sealed
move envelope . Two solemn and w e ary-looking adversaries - what a sleep­
less night they must have experienc e d , each seeing the position over and
over i n h i s mind ' s eye - shook h a n d s and w a tched a s Schmid revealed
Black ' s move .

42 . . . Nh7

ft As l ater became known , Korc hnoi ' s staff had mainly considered 42 ...
Ne6 a n d 42 . . . QgS . ft

43 BeS QgS

Viktor Korchnoi now fel l into a deep study , a s though not fully prep­
a red for Karpov ' s 42nd a n d 43rd moves .

44 Qxf5 Qd2+ 45 Kg3 Nhf6

The Champion paced the stage b riefly , then went to fidget in h i s e a sy

chair while the C h a l lenger a g a i n used several of the precious few minutes
remaining on h i s clock . Viktor j ammed both h a n d s into h i s j acket pockets
and rocked forward and backward on the edge of his chair , greatly a g itate d .
Dr . Zouk h a r ente r e d , took a s e a t at t h e l e ft center o f the very front
row this time , and concentrated upon the g ame .

46 Rgl Re8

ft I n reply to the apparently deci sive 47 Kh3 , Karpov h a d prepared 47 . . .

R xeS ! , obt a i n i n g a counterattack sufficient to draw . After u s i n g up n e a r l y
a l l h i s time , W h i t e foun d t h e strongest reply . ft
 Game Five 41

47 Be4 !

After moving , Korchnoi took off h i s d a rkly-tinted eyegl a s se s . Do they

bother him ?
T he g l a s se s were soon back on a n d the Challenger crossed to h i s e a s y
chair. D u r i n g the v e r y long· w a i t which e n s ue d , he sat a lmost motion le s s ;
cr a ni ng to h i s l e ft , he studied the demons t ration board intently . After all ,
he would have 9 quick moves to make when the Champion responded .
Roswitha Leeuwerik ( Petra s 18-year-old d a ughter ) entered the h a l l , sat
1

immedi ately to D r . Zoukha r 1 s right in the almost-empty front row of spec­

t ator s e a t s , and s t ared intently at h im .
Thirty m inute s into thinking about h i s 47th , Karpov b e g a n t o occas­
ionally brush h i s cowlick to the right with one quick movement of the h a n d ,
a s though a n noye d b y it .
ft At this point , Korchnoi h a d l e s s t h a n five minutes left until the time
control . The Worl d Champion decides to heat up the position still further .

47 • • • Ne7 48 Qh3 ReB

The e n dg ame after 48 R f8 49 Rg2 Nxe4+ 50 Kh2 ! ( fxe4 Qe1+

51 Kh2 R f l ) 50 . . . Ng5 5 1 Rxd2 Nxh3 52 Kxh3 Rxf3+ 53 Kg4 i s unfa vor­
able to Black , despite the even materia l . The remaining moves to the time
control were m a de rapid-fire by both s i de s .

49 Kh4 Rc1 50 Qg3

50 Qg2 w a s even b etter .

50 • • • Rxgl

Winning the exchange by 50 . . . Qg5+ 51 QxgS hxgS+ 52 R x gS R h l +

53 K g 3 R g l + 54 Kf4 N fd5+ 5 5 B x d S Nxd5+ 5 6 Kf5 N e 7 + l o s e s for B l ack :
57 Ke6 Rxg5 58 Kxe7 Rxh5 59 f4 , a n d the d-pawn is unstopp able .

51 Qxgl Kg8 52 Qg3 Kf7

52 Kf8 was necessa ry - although Black s

1 position would be shaky
the n , too .

53 Bg6+ Ke6 54 Qh3+ KdS

55 Be4+ ? ?

The oth e r check would h a v e w o n outright : 5 5 Bf7+ Kc6 56 Qe6+ .

F ra nkly , I don 1 t l ike to comment because t h i s blunder w a s obviously m a de in
severe time troubl e . ft
42 Game F ive

55 . . . Nxe4 56 fxe4+ Kxe4

Korchnoi b a rely m a de the second t ime control , with an ab solutely fren­

zied effort from the 5 1 st move to here .

57 Qg4+ Kd3

ft Here Korchnoi s a t a n d thought for 40 minute s . The active position of

a l l B lack ' s p ieces leads t o r e a l drawing chance s . ft

58 Qf3+

VK deliberated at such length on this move t h a t he will be struggling

against the clock again at the next time control .
.ft 58 d5 would h ave been more dangerou s . Karpov would s t i l l h ave
gotten the draw , but the only way to do i t wou l d have been 58 g5+ !
59 hxg6 e . p . Qel+ 60 Qg3+ Qxg3+ 61 Bxg3 Nxg6+ 62 Kh5 N f8 , by which
B l ack succeeds i n neutra l i zing the d-pawn .

58 . . . Qe3

T h i s doe sn ' t let the draw slip , b ut 58 . . . Kc4 59 Qf7+ Kd3 ! w a s s t i l l

s impler : taking the k n i g h t l e a d s to p e r p e t u a l c h e c k after 60 . . . Qe l + , a n d
on o t h e r continuation s , B lack a c t i v a t e s h i s knight a n d c a n p l a y for a win
himse l f .

5 9 Kg4 Qxf3+ 6o Kxf3 g 6 61 Bd6 NfS

6 1 . . . g xh5 6 2 Bxe7 Kxd4 would h ave g iven rise t o a n tmmediate draw .

A similar variant occurred l ater in the game , but a fter B l ack h a d lost
several temp i .

62 Kf4 Nh4 63 Kg4 gxh5+

Now this is forced , since B l ack c annot p l a y 63 . . . Nf5 64 hxg6 Nxd6

65 Kf4 . The text leads to an interesting endgame , in which Black must be
exceptionally aler t . ft

64 Kxh4 Kxd4 65 Bb8 aS 66 Bd6 Kc4 67 KxhS a4 68 Kxh6 Kb3 69 bS

Kc4 70 Kg5 KxbS 71 KfS Ka6 72 Ke6 Ka7

After one hell of a time scramble . Only Korchnoi ' s flag w a s h a n g i n g ,

but Karpov p l ayed move-for-move b l i t z in the hope that h i s opponent ' s flag
would fall . Considering the delicate position a n d the chances for a n inac­
curacy , the t actic - generally speaking - is questionable .
.ft For the time being , Black ' s king must not leave t h i s corne r . White
w i n s only if he succeeds in s t alemating the king a n d thereby forcing the b­
pawn ' s advance ; however , this is beyond his powe r . ft

73 Kd7 Kb7 74 Be7 Ka7 75 Kc7

As Korchnoi thought , Karpov stood directly behind h i s own chair a n d

s tared intently a c r o s s the boar d . Viktor indicated h i s annoyance t o Schm i d ,
who w aved An atoly away . He went quickly , without demurring , a n d s a t in
h i s e a sy chair a t the s t a g e ' s right front corner .
I n the a udienc e , meanwhile , Roswitha Leeuwerik ' s boyfriend h a d now
t aken the front row seat to D r . Zouk h a r ' s left ; he was s a ndwiched between
the two young ster s , who were obviously there to h a r a s s him . Dr. Zouk h a r
w a s uncomfort ably aware o f t h e i r presenc e . H e shielded himself from Ros-
 Game Five 43
'
witha ' s g aze w ith h i s right h a n d a n d continued to glare at Korchnoi who
appe ared to be completely u n a w a re of these going s-on . The g ames people
play !

75 . • • Ka8 76 Bd6 Ka7 77 Kc8 Ka6 78 Kb8 b5

ft I n light of the fifty-move rule , the press bureau heaved a collective

sigh of relie f ; now the g ame coul d not end a ny l ater than the 1 28th move . . . ft
79 Bb4 Kb6 80 Kc8 Kc6 81 Kd8 Kd5

Korchnoi ruminated at considerable length on h i s 82n d , mostl y with d a rk

g l a ss e s off . He rubbed h i s eyes frequently , looked tire d , a n d often rocked
his h e a d from side to s ide .
ft T h i s endgame w a s a n alyzed in detail by the Soviet theorist Vsevolod
R a uzer . His j udgement - t h a t this position is a draw - White vainly
attempted to s h ake over the course of better than forty moves . I repeat ,
however , t h a t through all this Black h a d to play very alertly ; h i s k ing i s
always o n the edge o f t h e d a nger zone .

82 Ke7 Ke5 83 Kf7 Kd5 84 Kf6 Kd4 85 Ke6 Ke4 86 Bf8 Kd4 87 Kd6
Ke4 88 Bg7 Kf4 89 Ke6 Kf3 90 Ke5 Kg4 91 Bf6 Kh5

Korchnoi sealed as the g ame w a s a dj ourned for a second time . ft

After g ame six w a s playe d , t h i s g ame continued .

For the first time , Karpov appeared onstage before Korchnoi ; Viktor
did not show until perh a p s 15 seconds a fter Schmi d st arted h i s clock .

92 Kf5 Kh6 93 Bd4 Kh7 94 Kf6 Kh6 95 Be3+ Kh5 96 Kf5 Kh4 97 Bd2
Kg3 98 Bg5 Kf3 99 Bf4 Kg2 100 Bd6 Kf3 101 Bh2 Kg2 102 Bc7 Kf3
103 Bd6 Ke3 104 Ke5 Kf3 105 Kd5 Kg4 106 Kc5 Kf5 107 Kxb5 Ke6 108 Kc6
Kf6 109 Kd7 Kf7 1 10 Be7 Kg8 1 1 1 Ke6 Kg7 1 12 Bc5 Kg8 1 13 Kf6 Kh7
1 14 Kf7 Kh8 1 15 Bd4+ Kh7 1 16 Bb2 Kh6 1 17 Kg8 Kg6 1 18 Bg7 Kf5 1 19 Kf7
Kg5 120 Bb2 Kh6 121 Bel+ Kh7 122 Bd2 Kh8 123 Bc3+ Kh7 124 Bg7 stale­
mate . T imes used 6 : 02 - 6 : 01 .

M a ny factors prevented Korchnoi from scoring the full point , the two
most p rominent bein g : ( a ) he a n d h i s team were completely surprised b y a n d
h a d n o t prepare d for K arpov ' s sealed move 42 ; ( b ) he deliberated a t such
great length on his own move 42 as to leave himself with in sufficient time
( 1 2 minutes for 1 4 move s ) to find the w inning 55th move .
T ime t rouble . To quote T a l : " T h i s , too is chess . "
The third a n d concluding s e s s ion of the game l a sted for s l ightly more
t h a n one hou r . T hroughout , D r . Zoukha r w a s rooted t o h i s c h a i r in the
third row left . L argely immobil e , h unched forward with head down , he
44 Game F ive
'
stared fixedly at Korchnoi . Was Viktor aware of h i s presence? Possibly so ,
for several times he rather deliberately looked straight out at the audience .
Game five e st ablished two records in world championship play . It w a s
t h e longest ever ( g ame fourteen o f T al-Botvinnik 1 96 1 l a sted for 1 2 1 move s )
a n d the first one t o end i n a stalemat e .

"Can This Really Be a Draw?"

This was the question many "64" readers w rote in with , once having
seen the position i n which game five w a s adjourned for the second t ime .
Still others asked , "How do you win in such an e n d i n g ? "
Let u s turn t o Averbakh ' s Chess Endgames (Pa wn, Bishop , Knight ) ,
page 283 , R u s si a n- l a nguage edition .

T h i s is a c l as s i c a l position by Kling a n d Horwitz ( 1851 ) , in which they

foun d a w i n w ith White to move .

1 Bf4 Kg2

Or 1 . . . Kf2 2 Ke4 Kg2 3 Kd4 Kf3 4 Bh2 Kg4 5 Kc4 Kf5 6 Kb4 Ke6
7 Kxa4 Kd7 8 Kb5 Kc8 9 Kc6 , and White succeeds in cutting the Black king
off from the s aving corner .

2 Kg4 !

White g ai n s nothing from 2 Ke4 Kh3 3 Kd4 Kg4 ; now he must go back
to the bishop , s ince after 4 Bh2 Kf5 5 Kc4 Ke6 6 Kb5 Kd7 taking the a-
pawn is usele s s ; the Black k i n g gets to a 8 .

2 • • • Kf2 3 Bel !

The goal of t h i s manoeuver is to a chieve the position Kg4 and Bf4 v s .

Kg2 w ith White t o move ; then Bg3 forces Black ' s k i n g back t o the l a s t rank .

3 • • • Ke2 4 Kf4 Kd3

Nor does going to the othe r wing save Black : 4 . . . Kf2 5 Be3+ Kg2
6 Kg4 Kh2 7 Bf4+ Kg2 8 Bg3 Kg 1 9 Kf3 K h 1 1 0 Bb8 ! K g 1 1 1 K e 3 Kg2
12 Kd3 Kf3 1 3 Kc4 Ke4 1 4 Kb5 Kd5 15 Bh2 ! Kd4 16 Kxa4 a n d wins .

5 Be3 ! Kc4 6 Ke5 Kb3 7 Bc5 Kc4 8 Kd6 KbS 9 Kd5 Ka5 10 Kc6 Ka6
1 1 Bg1 Ka5 12 Kb7 Kb5 13 Bb6

Another of the key position s ; the win is very close now .

 Game Five 45

13 • • • Kc4 14 Kc6 Kb3 15 Bc5 Kc4 16 Bd6 Kd4 17 Kb5 Kd5 18 Bh2 ,
a n d the rest we know already .

I n 1928 R a u zer discovered that from the initial position , with Black to
move , White c a n win a tempo as follow s :
1 . . . Kg3 2 Bf6 ! Kf3 3 Be5 Ke3 4 Bb2 ! Kd3 5 Ke5 Ke3 6 Bel+ Kf3
7 Kf5 Kg3 8 Bg5 , etc .

Another position :

T h i s is a draw .

1 � � 2 � � 3 W � 4 � W 5 � � 6 � �
7 Bf8 Kd4 8 Bg7+ Ke4 !

The c arele s s 8 . . . Kc4? would lose after 9 Be5 Kd3 10 Kd5 Ke3 1 1 Bh2 !
Kd3 12 Kc5 Ke4 13 Kb5 Kd5 14 Bg3 a n d 15 Kxa4 .

9 Kd6 Kf5 10 Be5 Kg6 !

But not 10 . . . Ke4? 1 1 Ke6 !

1 1 Ke6 Kg5 12 Bd6 Kg6

The k ing must step carefully : 12 . . . Kg4? 13 Kf6 Kh5 14 Bf4 ! Kg4
15 B e l Kh5 16 Bg5 Kg4 17 Kg6 Kf3 18 Kf5 would lead to the lost position
we already know .

13 Be7 Kg7 14 Bb4 Kg6 15 Bc3 Kg5 16 Be5 ! Kg6 17 Bf6 Kh6 a n d one
may continue this analysis as long as one like s , but White can never succeed
i n driving the Black king from h8 i n such a m anner that he will not be
threatening to go to a8 .
F rom thi s , R a uzer developed the general rule : White wins if the B l ack
king can be cut off from the sector of the board bounded b y the s quares
a8-h8-h6-f4-e5 -d4-a7 .

Now that we h ave g iven you the introductory course , let us proceed to
the following position :
46 Game Five

Here , the general conclusion runs : White can win , if he can prevent
the B l ack king from leaving the corner triangle defined by the l ine a5-b6-
c7-d8 . Thus , in the diagrammed position , B l ack to move escapes the danger­
ous corner with 1 . . . Kd8 2 Bf6+ Ke8 . A s we have seen from our in struc­
tional examples a s well a s from the fifth g ame i t s e l f , B l ack ' s king cannot be
driven outs i de the draw zone .
With White to move , however , he w i n s as follows .

1 Bf6 ! Kb7 2 Bd8 Kc8 3 Bb6 Kb7 4 Kc5 Kc8

Or 4 . . . b4 5 axb4 a3 6 Kb5 a2 7 Bd4 .

5 Kc6 Kb8 6 Bd8 Ka8 7 Kb6 Kb8 8 Bc7+ Kc8 9 Kc6 b4 10 axb4.
 GAME SIX

Saturday, 29th July

This encounter w a s s andwiched between the second and third s e s s ions of

g ame five . No doubt agitated by the excitement and intensity of t h a t
struggle , b o t h sides regi stered v e r b a l p rotes t s before play commenc e d .
The f i r s t compl aint w a s conveyed to C h i e f Org anizer Campomanes b y
P e t r a Leeuwerik , head o f t h e Challenger s dele g a t ion .
1 Korchnoi h a d failed
to exploit his a dvantages thus far in the m atch , a primary rea son being l ack
of t ime at critical j unctures . Although Viktor h a s a long hi story of t h i s
a ilmen t , M r s . Leeuwerik s u g g e s t e d t h a t a n e w factor introduced h e r e i s res­
ponsible for a worsening of the d i s e as e . She voiced the s u s picion t h a t D r .
Zouk h a r ( whose conspicuous p re sence in the second a n d then i n the first row
during games four and five I h a d p rivately and independently noted a s i t
occurred ) i s a p a r a psychologi s t deliberately a s s igned t o "confuse Viktor 1 s
thinking" and t h u s to intensify h i s t ime troubles .
F arfetched? Pe rhaps not to Viktor Korchnoi , who for m any y e a r s h a s
d i sp l ayed a fascination w i t h ( a belief in? } various a spects o f p a r ap sych­
ology . Whatever , M r s . Leeuwerik a sked Mr . Campomanes to ensure that no
one from either c amp sits in the front row hereafter .
I n an effort to keep the peace , Campom a n e s rel ayed the request to
Colonel Baturinsky - who promised t h a t t h i s cond i t ion would be met .
The second compla i n t w a s made by Baturinsky to Chief Arbiter Schmid ,
not long before g ame t ime . He s a i d t h a t Korchnoi 1 s contortions and grim aces
a t cert ain points during yesterday 1 s play had disturbed Karpov . Schmid
pointed out t h a t such actions may be completely uncon scious and far from
deliberate ; nevertheles s , he would ask the Challenger to avoid - in sofar as
possible - any such distraction to h i s opponent .
There w a s no h andshake p rior to game s i x , although the omi s s ion did
not appear to be p urposeful . Karpov w a s speaking to the Arbiters as Korch­
noi c ame from his easy c h a i r to the table ; then Viktor w a s busy arranging
h i s score sheet a s Anatoly s a t dow n . Another indication , however , t h a t the
facade of detached courtesy was crumbling .

Karpov-Korchnoi
English Opening

1 c4

P sychology today ; K a rpov opened with Korchnoi s favorite !

1 Viktor
thought for t h ree minutes before replying . Meanwhile , D r . Zoukhar entered

47
48 Game Six

and seate d himself on the right s i de of row two.

1 e5
. . • 2 Nc3 Nf6 3 Nf3 Nc6 4 g3 Bb4 5 Bg2 0--0 6 0-0 e4 7 Ne1
Bxc3 8 dxc3 h6 9 Nc2

An exact duplicate of the n inth g ame in the 1 974 F i n a l C a n di d ates

Match - except that colors are reve r s e d . That g ame , incident a l l y , w a s
among t h e dullest o f their 1974 encounter s . F u rthermore , Korchnoi h a d
p l ayed s i m i l a r l y a g a i n s t Mecking in g a m e nine of their 1974 Quarter- F i n a l
Candidates Match . Therefore , both sides h a v e apparently decided t o b r i n g
this g ame t o a quick and "pointless" concl usion .
Korchnoi thought for twenty m i nutes a n d then varied from their 1 974
g ame . His dark g l a s ses were not i n evidence and he seemed obl ivious to the
concentrated g a ze of Dr . Zoukh ar , head down and hunched forward in the
second row .

9 • • • Re8 10 Ne3 d6 1 1 Qc2 aS 12 a4 Qe7 13 Nd5 Nxd5 14 cxd5 Nb8

15 Be3 Bf5 16 h3 Nd7 17 c4 b6 18 Qc3 Nc5 19 b3 Qd7 20 Kh2 Re7

Still no s i g n tonight of Viktor ' s d a rk g l a s se s .

D r . Zoukha r , a s though himself i n a trace , h a s rema i ned l argely immo­
bile a n d h a s a l most never taken his eyes off of Korchnoi .
I n what h a s now become an accepted routine , Karpov ' s yog urt w a s
brought i n a t the u s u a l time .

21 Bd4 f6 22 Racl Qe8 23 Qe3 Drawn upon Karpov ' s offe r . Times
used 1 : 25 - 1 : 02 .

Game smanshi p . Neither m a n coul d h ave been very eager t o play today ,
but each h a d waited too stubbornly for the other to seek a postponeme nt .
When that did not happen the result w a s a "rest g ame" , a t ame encounter
which indicated that their minds were full of the incompleted fifth . What
other reason for B l ack ' s not playing on w ith the better po s ition?
After completing their score sheets , the players depa rted quickly and
without the "for appearances" handshake which h a d signalled each of the
earl ier draw s .
A few hours l a ter , I learned that Korchnoi h a d refused to w e a r h i s
specially-tinted g l a sses tonight . Howeve r , the oversized Swi s s i n s i g n i a s t i l l
adorned the l a p e l o f h i s j acket .
 GAME SE VEN

Tuesday and Wednesday, 1 st and 2nd August

Both players c ame in approximately three minutes early and Korchnoi spoke ,
smilingly , with Chief Arbiter Schmid . ( About D r . Zoukh a r , we learned l ater
t h at evening . ) Then Viktor crossed to the table , where he and K a rpov shook
h a n d s pleas antly enough before commencing play .

Korchnoi-Karpov
Nimzo-lndian Defence

.ft It r a i ne d for the entire l atter h a l f of J uly in B a g u i o . T h i s game

beg a n the August cycle and , although the weather remained unchange d , the
situation on the chessboard began to look completely different . T ak ing
everything into con s ideration , the Champion h a d apparently rounded into
fighting trim ; the opening showed it .ft
.

1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 e6 3 Nc3 Bb4 4 e3 0-0

Ab andoning 4 . . . c5 , evidently in deference to the difficulties encoun­

tered in games three and five .

5 Bd3 c5 6 d5

At 5 : 03 a n d a fter making h i s 6th move , Korchnoi stalked offstage and

d i s a ppeared into h i s dre ssing room . Schmid followed him ; problems w ith
Viktor over the presence of D r . Zouk h a r in the second row?
At 5 : 07 , Korchnoi ducked into view for j ust a few seconds . A glance
at the board showed Karpov still on the move and Viktor a g a i n d i s a pp e a re d
into h i s dressing room .
At 5 : 10 Schmid reentered through the m a i n entrance to the a uditorium
rather than from Korchnoi 1 s dre s sing room . Obviously he h a d gone out the
b ack way and around to Campomanes 1 office to d i s c u s s the Zoukhar problem .
( More about t h i s after out account of game seven . )
.ft Strangely enough , this advance h a s never yet been played in this
p articular position , although the idea behind i t i s well enough known . If
Black reacts peacefully , White p l a n s to make the move e4 , w ith pre s s ure in
the center and on the kingside . Karpov spent upw a r d s of twenty m i n utes
on h i s reply .

6 . . . bS

49
50 Game Seven

T h i s move set off quite a commotion in the press room , a lthough the
idea behind it is not new . A s imilar pawn s acrifice is common i n the King s 1

I nd i a n a n d forms the leitmotiv of the so-called Vol g a ( or Benko ) Gamb i t .

B u t 6 . . . b 5 appears to h a ve been a surprise for Korchnoi . For h i s pawn ,
Black obt a i n s a mobile center , with prospects of active p l a y on the entire
boar d . Howeve r , his l ater ma neuver i n g s were not a l together accurate ( among
othe r s , I would point out the move 11 . . . Qe8 ) , so his i n i t i a t ive never grew
into something more concrete . ft

7 dxe6 fxe6 8 cxb5 Bb7 9 Nf3 dS 10 0-0 Nbd7

At one point during Viktor 1 S long think on h i s 1 1 th move , A natoly

looked up from the board and stared directly across at his opponent .
Korchnoi c l a i m s to have been disconcerted by t h i s habit during their 1974
match a nd showed up here with his m i r rored g l a s se s a s a " defens ive meas­
ure " .

1 1 Ne2 Qe8 12 Ng3 eS 1 3 Bf5

ft Both the knight and the b i shop have now e sc aped the reach of Black s 1

center pawn s . I t may b e con s idered t h a t Karpov h a s failed t o obtain full

compe n s ation for his sacrificed mater i a l . Here , he should have continued
with the s a fe 1 3 . . . a6 ; the incautious a dv ance of a different pawn m i g h t
have led to b i g trouble .

13 . . . g6 14 Bh3 a6

Here White h a d an interesting i dea at h i s d i s pos al : 15 e4 ! . P o s s i b il­

i t ie s : 15 axb5 16 Bh6 Rf7 1 7 Ng5 Re7 18 exd5 Bxd5 1 9 N3e4 ! ; or
15 . . . d4 1 6 Qb3+ Kh8 1 7 Bh6 axb5 18 a3 BaS 19 Qxb5 B a6 20 Qxa5 Bxf1
2 1 Qc7 . The Challenger , however , went after the excha nge .

15 NgS axbS

Of cours e , B l ack gives up the exchange w ithout h e s i t ation in order to

weld his p aw n ch a i n b ack together . Although h i s position remains i n ferior ,
one may consider t h a t the worst is now behind him . ft

16 Ne6 c4 17 Bd2

The sound of heavy r a i n on the roof. We are all quite accustomed to

it by:: now .
:fr I n a smuch as the rook at f8 will not run away ( owing to the threat of
Ne6-c7 ) , White need be in no hurry to t ake it .

17 . . . BcS !
 Game Seven 51

A difficult a n swer to find and the only correct one . After 17 . . . B d6 ,

for example , White h a s the very strong continuation 18 N xf8 N xf8 1 9 f4 ,
with da ngerous threat s . One pos s i b ility i s 1 9 . . . exf4 20 exf4 Bc5+ 2 1 Kh l
d4 22 f5 . White shou.l d probably h a ve kept to t h i s plan here a l s o , although
the b ishop at c5 makes the advance of the f-pawn considerably more difficult .
B ut Korchnoi seeks a technical solution .

18 Nc7 Qe7 19 Nxa8 Rxa8 20 a3 Nb6 21 Qc2

21 . • • Bc8

This move shocked the hell out of everybody . Can B l ack be serious?
Here he i s , deliberately t r a ding off h i s bi shop - which was all primed and
re a dy to enter the game after . . . d5-d4 - for its opposite number , which i s
nothing more t h a n a statistic at t h e moment . However , t h e Champion h a s
evaluated t h e s i tuation at h a n d most exactly . The problem i s t h a t t h e open­
ing of the pos ition ( which is unavoidable after d5-d4 ) would h ave
i nstantly enlivened White ' s p iece s , w ith h i s control of e6 a ss u r ing him good
chance s . B ut now Bl ack sets up a solid and also an active defe n s ive
position .

22 Bxc8 Rxc8 23 BaS Nbd7 24 Qd2

White ' s i dea is obviou s . He intends to exchange off the dark-squ a red
b i shops with Bb4 , after which Black ' s central pawns must eventually prove
difficult to defend . So Karpov prevents this .

24 • • • Bd6 25 Bb4 NcS

The threat to bring the knight in at d3 i s unpl e a s ant enough . Thus ,

White gives up h i s b ishop for it . Left among the l i v ing , Karpov ' s d a rk­
s qu a re d bi shop becomes - to use a soccer ( footb a l l ) term - the " s weeper" ,
ready at any moment to take a shot at scoring .

26 BxcS BxcS 27 Kh1 Qd6

B l ack m aneuvers in tight quarters with great ski l l . Now the outcome
of the struggle h i nges on whether White can neutralize the threat of d5-d4
that h a n g s over h i s head and then capitalize on his a dv antage of the
exch ang e .

2 8 Rad1 Kh8 20 Qc2

29 R fe l is unpleas antly met by 29 . . . d4 .

29 • • . Qe6 30 Ne2 Qc6

52 Game Seven

The pendulum-like swings of the B l ack queen are quite impressive .

White is unable to coordinate h i s p ieces a n d the evil grows - t ime pressure
i s setting i n .

31 h 3 ReS 32 b4?

Losing p at ience , Korchnoi impuls ively pushes a pawn . If one m i g h t

have c a l l e d White ' s a d v a n t a g e m icroscopic heretofore , now the World Ch ampion
i s the one who controls the i n i t iative . Karpov very shrewdly catches this
change i n the circumstance s .

32 • • . Bb6 33 Qb2 Kg8 3 4 Rfel Kf7

B l ack could a lready h a ve forced a drawn endg ame by continuing 34 . . .

Ne4 35 Nc3 N xc3 36 Qxc3 d4 37 exd4 exd4 38 Rxe8+ Qxe8 39 R x d4 Bxd4
40 Qxd4 Qc6 . But Black refr a i n s - a n d with excellent rea son - from forcing
a n immediate c r i s i s .

35 Qc2?

T h i s mist ake only incre ases the power of B l a c k ' s breakthroug h .

35 • • . d4 3 6 Ng3 Rd8 3 7 exd4 exd4 38 Qd2 d3 3 9 Qh6 c3

White ' s only hope is to create threats a g a i n s t the B l ack king . By now
the t ime remaining could l iterally be counted off in second s . H a d Karpov a
t r ifle more of t h a t commodity himse l f , he would undoubtedly h ave selected the
quiet ( an d typical of his style ) move 39 . . . B d4 . After 40 Qf4 ( there seems
to be nothing better ) Qd6 4 1 Qf3 Qd5 , Black must win . The text leads to
g re a t compl i c a t ions .

40 Ne4

Another possibility w a s 40 Re7+ Kxe7 41 Qg7+ Ke6 42 Re1+ KdS

43 Qf7+ Kd4 44 Re6 , leading to a real h e a d-breaker of a position . .ft

40 Nxe4?

I t seemed a miracle t h a t no flag fell - both were b arely h a n g i n g -

as the p l ayers m a de their 40th move s . Neither h a d dared to take h i s eyes
off the board from move 30 on a n d this desperate s ituation probably c a u s e d
K a rpov to let a win slip from h i s g r a sp . I n the press room , Grandma ster
N a j dorf and others s uggested either 40 . . . Kg8 or 40 . . . c7 .

41 Qxh7+ Kf8
 Game Seven 53

The g ame was adjourned i n this position . The Soviets seemed elated
a n d the Korchnoi team downcast a s we all left the a uditorium . Apparently
they ag reed with the u n a n imous verdict of the experts a ssembled i n the press
room : Karpov would certainly win this one .
Next a fternoon , K0rchnoi c ame on at 4 : 591 ; there w a s as yet no sign
of K a rpov when Schmid s t a rted the clock .
Seven minutes later the Champ ion arrived a n d the Challenge r , who h a d
b e e n chatting with Lotha r , crossed to meet him at t h e table . Anatoly exten­
ded his hand and Viktor , looking surprise d , shook it the second t ime it w a s
offered . Then Schmid opened the e nvelope .

42 Qh8+

Sen s at ion - upon seeing the sealed move , Karpov offered the draw and
Korchnoi immediately accepted ! T imes u s e d 2 : 32 - 2 : 40 .

ft Analysis showed t h a t Black would not be j ustified i n playing for the

win . One possible line w a s : 42 Kf7 43 Qh7+ Ke8 44 Qg8+ Kd7
45 Rxd3+ Kc8 46 Rxd8+ Bxd8 47 Kgl Kc7 48 Qf7+ Kb8 49 Qg8 ! and B l ack
h a s no better t h a n 49 . . . Kc7 . Or 43 Kf6 44 Qh4+ Kg7 45 Rxe4 Re8
46 Rxe8 Qxe8 47 Rxd3 Qel+ ( 47 . . . c2 could be d a ngerous because of 48 Qf4 )
48 Kh2 Bc7+ 49 g3 Qxf2+ 50 Khl Qfl+ 51 Kh2 Qxd3 52 Qe7+ , with a per-
petual check . So once Karpov saw White ' s sealed move he offered the draw . ft
With the score sheets signed a n d Karpov gone , a weary-looking but
delighted Korchnoi stepped from the stage into the auditorium a n d held an
impromptu press conference amidst the p andemoni u m . He and h i s seconds had
not slept until 7 : 00 am this morning , but now the long hours of analysis
were dramatically j ustifie d . " I knew that Karpov would offer a draw when
he didn ' t appear by five o ' clock . He is too circumspect ever to be late
unless a draw offer is imminent" , pronounced Viktor . He went on to say
t h a t he fel t the draw w a s a rea l i stic appr a i s a l of the position a n d credited
h i s "third second" , Y a s h a Murey , w ith finding the key move 47 Kgl . ( See
the first line given by T al . )
I n the press room , meanwhile , Korchnoi ' s team w a s holding court w ith
the still shocked and di sbelieving coterie of g r a n dmasters , j ourn a l i sts , a n d
fan s . Keene a n d S t e a n also credited Murey , t h e most unheralded of t h e i r
group , w i t h p inpointing t h e r i sk-creating move w h i c h c a u s e d t h e t w o s i d e s to
conclude that a draw was logic a l . Murey ( like Korchnoi , a Soviet expatriate )
celebrated h i s 38th b irthday yesterday a n d s a i d that this draw for his
friend Viktor w a s all the present he could h ave sought .
 W a s There a Doctor in the Hou se ?

Ye s , during practically every moment of p l a y - a n d p recious l ittle w a s

known about him other t h a n h i s name : D r . Vladimir Zouk h a r .
D r . Zoukhar w a s o n e o f more t h a n a dozen persons admitted to the
Republic of the P hi l ippines in the company of World Champion Karpov . As
w i t h most of t h e Soviet entourage , no questions h a d b e e n a s k e d and certainly
no det ail s vol unteered about h i s specific duties her e .
During t h e first g ame , when P re sident M arcos a n d other V l P s filled the
front three rows of specator seats located on the auditorium floor a n d
n e a r e s t to t h e stage , all personnel a t t ached to the Champion ' s a n d t h e
CHallenger ' s camps made d o in the sections set a s ide for t h e m to the r e a r o f
the p l a y i n g h all , quite far a w a y from the chess action . N aturally enoug h ,
they wished t o s e e the p a rticipants close u p a n d from t h e second encounter
on many scattered to more a dvantageously-loc a t e d seats in v a r ious parts of
the auditorium . M ic h ael Stean , for exampl e , on several occa s ions w a s perched
high i n the elevated sections a t the right front of the hall - a s far forward
a s a ny spect ator could possibly get . I t came a s no surprise , then , when
several persons from both sides took seats rather well forwa r d in the rows
s ituated at floor level . Although Dr. Zoukh a r was not mentioned in our notes
until g ame fou r , he and other Soviets h a d taken places in the second row
i n termittently throughout games two a n d three . B ut until g ame five , neither
Viktor Korchnoi nor his supporters had paid the slightest heed to where any­
one else s a t .
By the second s e s s ion of the fifth encounter , this h a d changed to an
extent which m ade D r . Zoukh a r the object of almost a s much attention a s the
g a m e i ts e l f. H e ventured now in t o the v e r y front row a n d a l m o s t immediately
found himself crowded a n d s t a red a t from right a n d left b y teenager R oswith a
Leeuwerik a n d h e r Swi s s Boyfr i e n d . Zoukhar b e c a m e uncomfortably aware o f
t h e i r presence , b u t Korchnoi s t i l l a p p e a r e d to be oblivious to e i t h e r Zoukhar
or the attendant goings on .
Looking rather embarr a s s e d by all the attention , the doctor w a s com­
pletely surrounded throughout the g a me ' s third s e s sion . Several of h i s
cohorts s a t protectively w i t h him in the secon � row , whereupon P e t r a Leeuw­
werik took up a heckling post directly behind him . I n turn , she soon h a d
com p a n y w h e n a nother Karpov man took a seat immediately to her righ t . To
we concerned onlookers , a t t i m e s there a p p e a r e d to be more activ ity in t h e
a udience t h a n on the chessboa r d .
The situation deteriorated rapidly following g a m e six , during which D r .
Zoukh a r moved all t h e way b a c k to row t w o from row o n e a fter Deleg a t ion
Head Leeuwerik had compl a ined b e foreh a n d to Chief Org a n i zer Campom a n e s

54
 W a s There a Doctor in the House? 55

that Viktor ' s thinking "was being confused" .

Korchnoi was disturbed upon spotting Zouk h a r in the second row a g a i n
a s ga me s e v e n w a s about to commence a n d he deplored the situation to Chief
Arbiter Schmi d , even suggesting the use of an alternate playing room . Viktor
finally agreed to get on with the g ame in the m a i n h a l l , but a disturbing
p attern was soon established and it lasted throughout most of the eve n i n g .
Whenever Ka rpov was on the move , Korchnoi ducked offstage to his dress ing
room . This recurrent vanishing act was Viktor ' s way of avoiding Zoukha r ' s
g a ze and it brought to mind for many present the Korchnoi-Spas sky F i n a l
C a n didates M a t c h i n Belgrade l e s s than a y e a r e a r l i e r . Korchnoi h a d been
frazzled and frustrated almost to the point of totally blowing h i s tremendous
l e a d when Sp a s sky disappeared into a private box ( from m idpoint of that
m a tch onward ) a n d Viktor found hims elf without an onstage opponent when­
ever it was h i s turn to move . Colors reversed !
I n the spectator sect i on , me anwh ile , supporters of Korchnoi carried the
att ack - rightly or wrongly - to D r . Zouk h a r . Their evident theory was
that he could not concentrate on a n d adversely affect the play of their man
if they could d i stract him by their proximity a n d action s . N umerous vol un­
teers s u rrounded h i m , stared at him , and even went so far a s to offer a
copy of "The Gulag Archipelago" .
During the final thirty minutes leading up to adjournment , Korchnoi
remained at the board ; h i s t i me pres sure w a s so acute t h a t he cou l d no
longer a fford the l uxury of retreating to h i s dressing room between moves .
U s u ally he kept both h a n d s , but sometimes j ust his right hand , to his
glasses or to the s ide of h i s h e a d a s though shielding h i s eyes from the
a udience - or , more specifically , from what he considered to be the hypnotic
g l a re of Dr . Zoukha r .
After making the t ime control a n d s e a l ing h i s 42nd move , Viktor gestic­
ulated expressively a s he spoke for a moment or two with Schmid a n d with
Deputy Arbiter M iroslav F ilip . Then he shrugged h i s shoul ders disappointedly
and took off for his vil l a and a night of analy s i s .
As we often did during the match , Lot h a r Schmid a n d I planned on
having dinner together after this playing s e s s ion . Therefore , l e ft the
Conve n t i on Center in the company of Schmid , F i l i p , and Florencio C ampo­
manes. As we w a lke d , Schm i d told Campo t h a t someth i ng would have to be
done about D r . Zoukha r , a s Viktor Korchnoi had strongly prote sted his
pre sence , spe a k i n g to Schm id about this both before and after the playing
period .
Schmid : " You see , Korchnoi cannot play ; h e i s off the stage most of
the time . "
Campomanes : "Do you consider t h i s to be a matter for the Match J ury ? "
Schmi d : " N o , w e must first talk together a bout it . "
And so I c h a nged partners , dining t h a t night with P rofessor Lim Kok
Ann of Sing apore . We fel t that Neutral J ury Members should absent them­
selves from the discus sions at this point because they might become involved
l a ter ; i f that h a ppened , impartiality would best be ensured by our present
detachment .
That evening , Messr s . Schmid a n d Campomanes conferred at length a n d
sol icited t h e v i e w s o f F I DE Deputy P residents John P rentice ( Ca n a d a ) a n d
Bozidar Kazic ( Yugoslavi a ) ; also of Harry Golombek ( Engl and ) , P re s i d e n t of
F I DE Zone 1 ( We stern Europe ) . The result of their deliberations surfaced at
a round noon the next day ( five hours prior to the resumption of game seven )
i n the form of the following memor a n d u m .

CS - E
56 W a s There a Doctor in the House?

TO : ALL ACCREDITED PERSONS OF THE WORLD CHESS CHAMPIONSHIP MA TCH

DA TE : A UGUST 2, 1 9 78

In the specific in terest of a h a rmonious contin u a tion of the ma tch a n d general

chess in terest, the players, principals, officia ls, press a n d guests are
advised of the decision belotor and are urged to a c t a ccordingly.
We h a ve decided th a t only very, very importa n t persons sha ll be a llowed to
sit in the orchestra section of the Convention Center. For this rea son , we
are clearing th e orchestra section , lea ving only three (]) rows for th e a bove
mentioned person a ge s .
(origin a l signed)
FLORENCIO CAMPOMANES
Ma tch Orga n izer

A straightforward position , but one which was soon j udged untenable

a n d which w a s , therefore , a b andoned i n less than 24 hours .
As soon as the Soviets received their copy of the foregoing memorandum ,
Deleg a t ion Head B aturinsky c alled upon M r . Campomanes not to enforce h i s
deci sion w h i l e t h e horse w a s in midstream . I n other words , i t w o u l d b e
improper to c h a n g e the s e a t i n g arrangements from o n e session to the n e x t o f
the s ame g ame . Colonel Baturinsky had an arguable c a s e , so Campomanes
announced t h a t the condition of removing a l l but three rows of seats from the
floor level of the h a l l would be implemented i n t ime for the eighth g a m e .
At f i r s t the delay seemed immater i a l , a s g a m e seven w a s drawn
i n st antly upon revelation of Korchnoi ' s sealed move . Late the next morning ,
however , we J ury Members ( including Chief Org a n i zer C ampomane s ) each
received a copy of the following lette r .

A ugust 2, 1 9 78
Baguio City
The Ma tch Jury
World Chess Ch amp ionship

OFFICIAL PROTEST from particip a n t of the Ma tch ,

World Chess Champion A n a toly Karpov.

In th e afternoon of A ugust 2, 1 978, I was a c q u a in ted with the letter of the

Ma tch Organ izer, Mr. Floren cio Campomanes, where there was reported a b o u t
t h e decision o f t h e orga n izer t o c l e a r t h e orchestra section , leaving only
three rows for very importa n t person s .
I n accordance with the Section 1 1 . 31 of the Regu l a tion s of the Ma tch , I
hereby file an official protest against the a bove mentioned decision , b a sing
on the following reason s :
1. Before the begin n in g of the ma tch b etween July 15-1 7, the p a rticip ­
a n ts a n d their representa tives examined severa l times the Convention
Center a n d approved of its conditions inclu ding p u blic gallery,
which is of importan t significance to th e particip a n ts and not for
noth in g these items are specified in Section 7 of the Regu l a tion s .
The a l teration o f the approved condition s , including those concern­
ing p u b lic ga llery, is not to b e a llowed in the course of the m a tch
and the more so without approval of the particip a n ts .
The Fin a l Candida tes Ma tch held in Belgrade (1 9 77-1 9 78 ) tes tified
th a t such pra ctice caused nega tive experience and I don ' t think
th a t organ izers of the Ma tch in Baguio, Arbiters and Members of
 Was T h ere a Doctor in the House? 57

the Jury wou ld like to h a ve the repetition of this kind of experience

here .
2. It i s known th a t presence o f p u b l ic fosters gran dmasters t o display
their best athletic and creative q u a litie s . A l l those chess fan s
present a t t h e Ma tch m a k e perfect impression with their self-con trol
and discipline, strict a dherence to Section 7. 4 and other Sections
of th e regu la tion s th a t specify spectator ' s conduct. I can ' t un der­
stand why organ izers h a ve decided to tran sform the spa ciou s terri­
tory of the b e a u tiful a u ditorium into desola te p l a ce , th u s h a ving
forced me to play under unaccu stomed condition s .

I insist th a t the n umber o f sea ts origina lly a ssigned in the stall o f the
A uditorium, as well as its distance from the chess table (Section 7 . 1 of the
Regul a tion s) remain not a l tered and correspond to the situa tion at the begin­
n ing of the Ma tch .
I am rea dy to agree th a t th e first 2 or 3 rot.rs in the stall be reserved 0y
the organizers for distinguished guests, b u t I wou ld l ike h owever to h a ve a
more exa c t defin ition of the persons con sidered to be very importa n t on es.
I express my hope tha t esteemed members of the Jury will fin d th e consider­
a tions mentioned in th is protest well-grounded and in accordance with the
Section 1 1 . 4 of th e Regulation s will point it out to the Organizers on their
decision .
If, unfortun a tely, this does not h appen , then the agreement rea ched a t the
meeting of July 15, 1 9 78 on the points stated in my representa tive V. Ba tur­
insky ' s letter of the 1 4 th of July 1 9 78 , will pra ctically become ann u lled. In
th is case, I consider it my right to insist on a ny ch anges of the earlier
agreed upon situa tion on the stage a n d in the A u ditorium .
I kindly a sk to n otify me of your decision not after twelve noon (12 : 00 pm) ,
A ugu st 3 , 1 9 78 .
Respectfully yours,
(Origin a l signed)
ANA'ZDL Y KARPO V
World Chess Champ ion

In h i s penultimate p a ragraph , the Worl d Champion made it clear that

he w a s prepared to return to square one . He meant , in effect : " Let us
begin all over a g a i n , a s though agreement h a d never been reached on any­
thing - playing time s , flag s , seating arrangement s , s h aking of hands ,
c h a i r s , clocks and men , etc . "
I n a t rue atmosphere of c ri s i s , the J ury met at 1 : 00 pm on August 3 i n
the B a g u i o Country Club . Chairman L i m directed our attention primarily to
the August 2 letters of Mes s r s . Campomanes and Karpov , but a l s o to the
following letter from R aymond Keene .

PINES HOTEL
A ugust 3rd 1 9 78
Dear Florencio,
I would l ike to clarify the position of our delegation on the ma tter of
the so-called Dr. Zoukhar, which is ca using difficulty at the present stage
of the World Champion ship . Many observers (including such an impeccable
source a s Harry Golombek) h a ve remarked on th e apparently suspicious b eh a v­
ior of Dr. Zoukhar during recent games. Notice has been taken of his h a b i t
of riveting his g a z e o n t o Korchnoi a s i f trying t o hypnotize him o r otherwise
influence h im into playing weak moves .
58 W a s There a Doctor in the Hou se?

It would seem tha t Dr. Zoukhar 1 s a b ility a t chess is severely limited;

yet, para doxically, he m a in ta ined his position as close a s possible to the
stage for the whole five hours of every game with o u t even rising to a n swer
simple calls of n a ture - a remarkable fea t which argues more th a n humble
devotion to the noble game of chess .
A nyone in volved in a creative a c tivity, such as wri ting, pa inting, or
playing chess, knows how disturb ing it can be to h a ve a hostile person
staring at them while they are in the a c t of crea tion . Mr. Korchnoi feels
deeply disturbed by the proximity of Dr. Zoukh ar in the a uditorium and we
would suggest , in the interests of fair play and of the further peacable
course of the m a tc h , th a t Dr. Zoukh ar should recognize Korchnoi 1 s comp l a int
a n d vol u n tarily remove himself to a more dista n t p art of the specta tor area .
Surely th is compliance would represen t norm a l c ivilized beha vior on the part
of a ny man who apprecia ted tha t his presence was causing distress to one of
the particip a n ts in the World Ch ampionship .
We wou ld n a turally prefer to settle the "''hole ma tter in a friendly way
without recourse to official protests. If the Soviet delegation is here simply
to play chess ( a s they h a ve so often claimed) , th en they can raise n o
objection t o a ccepting their compatriot D r . Zoukh ar amongst their o w n ranks
at the back of the a u ditorium . If, on th e other hand, the Soviet delegation
refuses this rea son a b le step it will b e a sign of their b a d faith and we will
h a ve to resort to official remedies. Of course, we hope to solve all prob lems
by friendly agreements between the con tending p arties.
Since the Soviet delegation disown s Dr. Zoukhar a s a member and
insists on regarding h im simply a s a member of the pub lic then you , Flor­
encio, as ch ief orga n izer of the m a tc h , h a ve tota l jurisdiction to direct the
movements of Dr. Zoukha r within th e a uditorium in the best in terests of the
ma tch . If Dr. Zoukh ar is, indeed, not a member of the Soviet delegation then
th a t delegation h a s no right to disp u te your pla cing of Dr. Zoukh ar within
the a uditoriu m . We wou ld prefer th a t Dr. Zoukh ar should b e sea ted a long
with the b on a fide memb ers of the USSR delega tion , at a proper dis tance from
th e stage , b u t if this step is resisted we requ est the tota l exclusion of Dr.
Zoukhar from the en tire spectating area for the dura tion of the ma tch .

(Origin a l signed)

Raymond Keene , Chief Second

of Viktor Korchnoi

A h a n dwritten e n dorsement appeared across the bottom of Keene ' s letter .

]rd of A ugust
On behalf of Viktor Korchnoi I confirm the a b ove and forma lly submit a
protest a gainst Dr. Zoukhar 1 s presence in the h a l l , b u t he h a s the possibil­
ity to sit o,..1ith the delegation of Mr. Karpov.
(Origin a l signed)
Petra L eeu werik
Chief of Korchnoi Delegation

Here are pertinent paragraphs extracted from the Report of the J ury
Meeting of August 3 .
 W a s There a Doctor in the House? 59

30. Mr . Campoma nes s a id th a t his memora ndum (of A ugust 2) was a ddressed
to "A ll A ccredited Person s " and it was precisely because the organ izers
wished to elimin ate persona lities and to a void ill feelings th a t they h a d
come o u t with a decisiol} which need not be interpreted as being dir­
ected at a ny individua l . They were a ttemp ting t o resolve a troub lesome
situa tion - a situa tion a b o u t which we all know - with ou t h a ving it
b lown up to b igger-th an-life proportion s . When the b a sic q u estion was
brough t to his a ttention two days earlier, discussion h a d to b e post­
poned beca u se the seventh game had a lready begu n . The next day, he
had agreed to Mr. Ba turin sky 1 s suggestion tha t the sea ting conditions
rem a in the same bec a u se an a djourned game was to b e con tinued.
31 . Ch a irm a n L im then directed the Jury to consider Mr. Karpov 1 s letter of
protest first, knowing th a t the other letters are rela ted and give b a ck­
ground informa tion . He expressed his b elief th a t the organ izers h a d
proposed t o change t h e sea ting in the sin cere hope o f solving a prob­
lem without offending a nyone .
37. Mr. Schmid poin ted o u t th a t Mr. Korchnoi c a m e t o him (on t h e stage
just before the seventh game) and objected most strongly to the presence
of Dr. Zoukh ar. He a sked th a t the game b e tra nsferred to the a l ter­
n a te p l aying room, b u t Mr. Schmid con vinced h im tha t it would be
b etter to find a �oray - through Mr. Campomanes - to please both sides.
�
D uring the game, Mr . Schmid could see tha t Mr. Korchnoi was "grea tly
disturbed" and it is his op in ion th a t the organ izers must now find a
solu tion . He is not in favor of delay.
38 . Mr. Campomanes said tha t if no compromise solu tion can b e found, a
direct way of solving the problem wou ld b e to apply paragraph 4 . 6 and
use the a l tern a te pl aying room to which the orga n izers will not object.
39 . Mr. Edmondson said th a t 11a disturb ance can exist in the mind of one
or both p layers a n d we should a ccept the fact tha t both players are
now disturbed. Mr. Karpov is disturbed by the proposa l to rearrange
the seats in the a u ditorium and Mr. Korchnoi is disturb ed by a spec­
ta tor 1 s unwa vering gaze fixed on h im throughout each playing period. 11
He proposed th is compromise, designed to sa tisfy the comp l a in ts of both
players :
"A ccep ting Mr. Karpov 1 s protest as valid, the Jury req uests the organ­
izers to m a in ta in the sea ting arrangement in the a u ditorium in its
origin a l configura tion . A ccep ting as e q u a lly valid the protest of Mr.
Korchnoi, the Jury req uests the organ izers to ask Dr. Zoukhar tha t he
coopera te in solving our problem by wa tching play from the b a ck row
of the temporary sea ts . 11
41 . Mr. Ba turinsky s a id th a t Mr. Campomanes 1 memorandum conta ined a
h idden motive, which is why Mr. Karpov wrote th a t he could not un der­
stand the need for playing in a desol a te h a l l . Now Mr. Ba turin sky
unders tands th a t the sea ts were to be removed to satisfy the req uest of
Mr. Korch noi to eject someone he did not like . This confirms th a t the
decision was unilatera l .
44 . Mr. Campomanes repea ted th a t his memoran dum was issued t o solve a
situa tion and everyone on the Jury knows wh a t the situ a tion w a s . He
did not intend to h ide anything from the Jury, b u t h a d hoped to m ini­
mize the situa tion to the press and a void sensa tion a l ism . If his
a ttempt to a void person alities was not apprecia ted, he wou ld be the
first to c a ll a spa de a sp ade. However, h is intentions were of the
best and were coordina ted with the Chief A rb iter. "We are trying to
solve a difficult situa tion and I hope out a ttempts are apprecia ted, " he
s a id.
45. Ch a irma n L im remarked th a t the Jury seemed to h a ve rea ched the end of
ta lking. He summarized Mr. · Edmondson 1 s propos a l and said th a t we
60 W a s There a Doctor in the House?

should try for compromise rather tha n confron ta tion m the Jury 1 s
proceedings . He recommended a ccep tance of Mr. Edmondson 1 s proposa l ,
b u t i n the most positive way : "Dr. Zoukh ar, please help us to resolve
this situa tion . 11
46. Mr. Campomanes said tha t he hoped he would not be c a l led upon to
perform the th ankless task of ejecting one individual from th is game,
another the next game and so on ; th is could b ecome a deteriora ting
s itu a tion and th u s Mr. Edmondson 1 s proposed compromise might only
create more prob lem s .
4 7. Mr . Ma lchev s a id th a t we should not decide whether or not a player is
disturbed; the A rb iter should decide on this and on whether the
organizer should take action under Regu l a tion 7 . 5 .
49. Mr. Campomanes s a id tha t the organ izers could apply Regula tion 7 . 5 if
the Jury wou ld define "disturb ance" and direct action by the organ ­
izers .
50 . Ch a irma n L im said tha t he was prepared to accept the observation of
the Chief A rb i ter th a t Mr. Korchnoi was disturbed.
52 . Mr. Ba turinsky said tha t no one h a d infringed upon Regula tion 7 . 4 a n d
th a t a decision should b e m a d e by the Jury with respect t o Mr. Kar­
pov 1 s protest . He was for postponing the Zoukh ar q uestion ; as for
playing in the a ltern a te room, he was of the opinion th a t a decision
can be m ade only during the game, by the Chief A rb iter.
53 . Mr. Schmid fel t th a t he h a d the right to move the game because Mr.
Korchnoi is ob viously disturbed by the presence of Dr. Zoukhar.
54 . Mr. Campomanes s a id tha t after th is discussion it seems clear th a t his
a ttempt to cure a problem was not rea l ly within the province of the
organ izers . When disturbed, Mr. Korchnoi should ask the Chief A rb iter
to move the game to the altern a te p laying room . Since everyone dis­
agrees with his memorandum he was willing to withdraw it. To a ttack
the problem of disturb ance to one of the p layers the use of the a l ter­
n a te room seems a sol ution until th e Jury h a s had time to consider the
problem further.
55 . Mr . Schmid said: "If the Jury makes no decision here, it is q u ite
likely tha t I shall h a ve to go to the a l tern ate room solu tion . 11
58 . Mr. Edmondson s a id he could not understand why the Jury con tinued to
a void or to postpone a decision on the m a in q uestion : Th a t of Dr.
Zoukhar 1 s presence and loca tion . Noth ing will change by tomorrow if we
come to no decision . It would h a ve been so simple to say to Dr.
Zoukhar, "Please, sir, would you h elp u s to resolve a tense situ a tion by
sitting in this row?"
59 . Mr. Schmid suggested th a t the ch a irs remain placed as req uested by
Mr. Karpov; this to b e done with the friendliest of inten tions a n d a lso
in the "Gens Una Sum u s " spirit of FIDE . He plea ded tha t also in the
spirit of friendly resolu tion to our prob lems the Soviet Delegation a sk
Dr. Zoukh ar to sit a t the rear today. He closed by saying: "I b eg
you to help m e . If you do not, then I sh a l l h a ve to decide . 11
60. Mr. Baturinsky said th a t he wished clarifica tion regarding Mr. Karpov 1 s
protest a n d Mr. Campomanes 1 memorandum. Mr. Campomanes s a id his
memorandum on changing the seating a rrangements was withdrawn and
Mr. B a turinsky agreed to this and to the withdra w a l of Mr. Karpov 1 s
protest on condition th a t these documents remain a s part of our arch­
ive s .
63 . Ch a irma n L im clarified ma tters th u s . The Chief A rb i ter decides if and
when a p layer is disturbed. Upon his a dvice, the organ izer takes
a ction u n der p aragraph 7 . 5 .
64 . Mr. Schmid warned the Jury th a t i f Mr. Korchnoi should come to him
th a t day (during Game E ight) there were three possib ilities :
 W a s There a Doctor in the Hou s e ? 61

(a) He should move the game to the a l terna te playing room; or

(b) He sh ould advise the organ izers tha t Mr. Korchnoi was disturbed
·
and they should move the spectator who was disturbing the p layer;
or
(c) Better yet, he a dvocated th a t the Soviet Delega tion help us a l l by
bringing about a friendly solu tion to a void unpleasantness a n d
scan da l ; n amely, tha t Dr. Zoukhar volun tarily sit farther back,
in the eighth or ninth row of the temporary sea ts .
Mr. Schmid expressed his fervent wish th a t "Gens Un a Sum u s 1 1 be a
reality a n d th a t the last of his three possibilities be the one p u t into
effect. He closed by saying with regard to the players, "We h a ve to
take care of them . 11
65 . Ch a irma n L im form u l a ted the Jury ' s recommenda tion :
If the Chief A rb iter determines tha t Mr. Korchnoi is disturb ed, he sh a l l
either implement Regu la tion 4 . 6 o r a sk the organ izers t o take suitable
a c tion under Regul a tion 7 . 5 .
66 . Mr. Ba turinsky a sked : "This does not apply to any particular person ?"
A l l members a greed tha t no individual be n amed in this recommendation
whereupon it was adopted without dissen t .

To summarize :
(1) A maj ority of the J ury agreed - a n d not one member denied - that
Mr . Korchnoi had been disturbed by the proximity of Dr. Zoukhar a n d by his
i nc e s s a n t staring at the Challenger .
(2) By a unanimous deci s ion , the J ury charged the Chief Arbiter w ith
determining whether or not M r . Korchnoi was disturbed during future playing
ses sions .
(3) I n a ny case of disturbance to M r . Korchnoi by a spectator , the
Chief Arbiter was told to either move the game to the alternate playing room
( Regulation 4 . 6 ) or instruct the org a n i zers to h ave the spectator " p romptly
and quietly ej ected" ( Regulation 7 . 5 ) .
 GAME EIGHT

Thursday, 3rd August

A natoly Karpov stepped onto the stage at 4 : 58 pm a n d s a t alone at the

chess t able . He gl anced to h i s r i g ht , checking the a uditorium seating
a r r angement ; the chairs were placed as they h a d been from g ame one , so
h i s protest of August 3 h a d been effective even though offici a l l y w ithdrawn
by Colonel B aturinsky near the close of today ' s J ury Meeting .
"Gens U n a Sumus" , howeve r , is not reality . ( Wa s it ever ? ) Dr.
Zouk h a r h a dn ' t retreated t o t h e r e a r o f t h e h a l l , nor even to the eighth or
n inth row of temporary seats at floor level . He h a d moved back exactly h a l f
of t h e distance a dvocated by Lothar Schmid a n d w a s seated - w i t h Mikhail
T a l a n d others - i n the fifth row . A compromise position a n d one which
p robably a ngered both Karpov a n d Korchnoi more , rather than l e s s .
P recisely at five o ' clock , Viktor Korchnoi came to the table where K ar­
pov and Schmid were w a iting . Seating himself , he extended his right h a n d to
Karpov - who had not risen , as the early b i r d had customarily done hereto­
fore . A natoly kept h i s arms folded , looked very deliberately at h i s oppon­
ent , and spoke w ith an a n g ry curl of the l i p . "Never ! Never will I shake
h a n d s with you ! "
Stunned , the Challenger h a l f turned a n d r a i se d h i s h a n d to the Arbiter
i n mute appe a l . Schmid , obviously j ust a s shocked a s Korchnoi , spoke softly
to Karpov about "be ing nice" . Anatoly ignored him , leaving Schmid with
l ittle choice but to start the clock . Thus the game commenced i n the most
m alevolent atmosphere I h ave ever witnessed at a chess m atch .

Karpov-Korchnoi
Ruy Lopez - Open Variation

ft Three records for a World Championsh ip M atch h ave been set at B ag u io

City . The fifth g ame w a s a trifle longer t h a n the previously longest game
( T al-Botvinnik 1 96 1 ) a n d i t was the only one ever to end i n stalemate . Next
a n unbroken string of seven drawn games opened our match . Then there was
the eighth . . . . ft

1 e4 e5 2 Nf3 Nc6 3 BbS a6 4 Ba4 Nf6 5 0--0 Nxe4 6 d4 b5 7 Bb3

dS 8 dxeS Be6 9 Nbd2

And now Karpov h a s surprise d Korchnoi twice within the span of a few
moments .

62
 Game Eight 63

:1\: I t ' s difficult to s a y whether this move i s better than the usual 9 c3 ,
which h a s already been played twice in this m atch . I ndisputably , howev e r ,
i t i s l e s s a nalyzed a n d i n t h i s game the element of surprise led to a bril­
l i a nt resul t . :1\:

9 • • • Nc5 10 c3 g6?

After making this move , Korchnoi headed directly for his easy chair a s
though expecting h i s opponent to cogitate a t length . H e w a s right ; Karpov
pondered for seventeen minutes before making his 1 1 th .
:1\: R aymond Keene , the Challenger ' s chief seco n d , h a s stated a number of
times in interviews t h a t Korchnoi is well-prep a re d for the rna tch , theoretically
speaking , a n d cl a imed for himself a good deal of the credit . Curiously ,
a fter the eighth g ame the selfs a me Keene proc l a imed that no Englishment h a d
anything whatsoever to d o w i t h the move 10 . . . g 6 . Be t h a t a s i t m ay ,
Black ' s novelty ( theory examines 10 . . . d4 here ) appears to be of dubious
wor t h . :1\:
I n fairness to Kee n e , Black ' s lOth w a s evidently an over-the-board
"inspiration" by Korchnoi ; his team stated t h a t it w a s not a l ine which
they had a n a lyzed in preparation for this match .

1 1 Qe2 Bg7 12 Nd4

:1\: Once a g ai n , a pawn sacrifice . This t ime i s arises from a desire to

punish the opponent for h i s b a roque p l ay - a lthough a purely positional
approach wouldn ' t have been b a d , e ithe r . Acceptance of this s acrifice is
practically forced , since 1 2 . . . Qd7 13 Nxc6 Qxc6 14 N f3 would leave White
with a most imposing attacking position . :1\:
( Ma ny months after T a l wrote the foregoing , other analysts suggested
t h a t 1 4 . . . Bg4 ! followed by 15 . . . 0-0 would h ave been quite s a t isfactory
for B l a ck . )

12 • • • Nxe5 13 f4

Karpov leaned forward a s though he could h ardly w a i t for Korchnoi to

move . He g ave a physical impression of h awkishness ; facial express ion ,
posture , apparent alertness - ready to swoop in for the k i l l !

13 • • • Nc4 14 f5 gxf5 15 Nxf5 Rg8

:1\: Castling short i s obviously out for Black , who apparently hope s to
somehow evacuate his king to the queen s i d e . K arpov spent over a n hour ,
'
all tol d , on h i s next two move s ; t h e g a me ' s further course i s ample demon­
stration of the depth to which he perceived the secrets of the position .

16 Nxc4
64 Game Eight

There were other tempting continuation s , such a s 16 Bc2 or 16 N f3 , but

the text i s the most logical choice . White open s the sluices for his pieces
a n d tries for the e nemy king a s swiftly a s possible .

16 . . . dxc4

After 16 . . . bxc4 White could continue w ith either 17 Bc2 or the more
energetic 1 7 Be3 .

17 Bc2

White d i d not sacrifice the pawn in order to meekly w i n it b a ck by

1 7 Nxg7+ Rxg7 18 Qe5 R g6 ! 19 Bxc4 bxc4 20 Qxc5 Qd5 , w ith an e a rly
draw .

17 . . . Nd3

The other defen se , 17 . . . Qd5 , would lead to still worse consequence s .

After 1 8 Bh6 , both b i shop retreats lose : 18 . . . Bf6 19 Ne3 ! Qe5 20 Bf4 ;
a n d on 18 . . . Be5 , White could play the beautiful v a r i a t ion 19 R a d 1 N d3
20 Bxd3 cxd3 2 1 R xd3 Qc5+ 22 K h 1 R d8 23 Rfd1 ! Rxd3 24 Qxd3 .

18 Bh6 !

T he re ' s the point ; White wins a vital temp o .

18 . . . Bf8

After 18 . . . Bxh6 1 9 Nxh6 , White picks up the pawn at f7 while

ret aining all the advantages of his position . One lovely possibil ity : 19
Rg7 20 Rxf7 ! Rxf7 2 1 Qxe6+ R e 7 22 Qc6+ R d7 23 Bxd3 cxd3 24 R a fl ! d 2
( or Rb8 ) 2 5 Qe6+ Re7 2 6 Rf8+ ! !

1 9 R a d 1 Qd5 2 0 Bxd3 cxd3 2 1 Rxd3 Qc6 2 2 Bxf8 Qb6+

The immediate recapture 22 Kxf8 loses a piece and then some to

23 N d4 .

23 Kh 1 Kxf8 24 Qf3

The quicke st , and also the most spectacul a r .

2 4 . . . ReB

Now B l ack allows another stroke . The position w a s still lost , of

course , but after 24 . . . Rb8 the forced win would have been more v e il e d .
 Game E ight 65

Nonetheless , it w a s there : 25 Nh6 Rg7 26 Qf6 c5 27 R fe l ! ( necessary p rep-

a r a t ion ) Re8 28 R d6 ! Qxd6 29 N f5 ! A variation demonstrated i n the press
room by one of the Champion 1 s seconds , Grandmaster I gor Z aitsev . .ft

25 Nh6 Rg7

Any other move by B l ack would h a ve b rought 26 Qxf7+ Bxf7 26 Rxf7

checkmate .

26 Rd7

Even a t a distance of 45 feet , I saw Korchnoi s ears turn red as he 1

searched in v a i n for an escape .

.ft N ai l ing down Black s king for good .
1 Now perhaps the most "log i c a l "
finish would have been 26 . . . Bxd7 27 Qxf7+ R x f 7 2 8 R x f 7 checkmate . The
Challenger chooses another way .

26 • • • Rb8 27 Nxf7 Bxd7

The interme diate move 27 . . . Bg4 would change nothing a fter 28 Qf4 .

28 Nd8+

An elegant conclusion to an out st a ndingly conducted game . B l ack

resigne d . T imes used 1 : 52 - 2 : 25 . .ft
* * * * *

"Finally ! " was Karpov 1 s only comment to those who crowded around a n d
offered t h e i r congratulations a s he stepped down from the stag e . F ace a l ight
with sheer j oy over the w i n , he did not l inger b u t headed straight for h i s
d r e s s i n g room . Only h i s closest supporters were admitted and one of them
s a i d later that A natoly relaxed for a few moments in a comfortable c h a i r ,
savoring his victory . Then off to the v i l l a with B a l a shov , Rosh al , a n d
Z a itse v . O v e r a l ate s u p p e r p r e p a r e d by Viktor Bobylev , A natoly 1 s cook ,
this foursome replayed a n d an alyzed the g ame until almost dawn .

* * * * *

Korchnoi quickly departed the Convention Center a n d closeted himself for

several hours in h i s seventh-floor s u ite at the P ines Hotel . A j ourna l i s t who
"j u s t h a p pened" to catch the s ame up elevator reported that Viktor a p p e a red
to b e more than a b i t g l um . By two in the morning , however , he h a d
recovered sufficiently to b r i n g almost a p a rty atmosphere i n t o the hotel s 1

coffee shop a n d b a r are a .

" I blundered , " h e fra nkly a dmitted to the newsmen and chess b uffs
66 Game Eight

presen t . Shedding the s adn e s s of defeat amazingly well , he w a s soon ex­

changing banter with the l ate-stayers who j oined h i s g roup . Before long ,
the eternal optimist w a s l ooking forward to the n i n th g ame a n d an oppor­
tunity to even the score .

Friday , 4th August

Over a late bre akfa st in the P ines Hotel Coffee Shop , Keene and Stea n
discussed Korchnoi s attitude going i n t o t h e eighth g ame .
1 "Tonight I s h a l l
att ack , " he h a d told them . " We must find o u t whether or n o t t h e t w o of u s
remember how to play ches s . " They h a d c a utioned him not to take r i s k s b ut
to continue playing conservatively , keeping the draw i n h a n d , with the
B l ack p ieces . He h a d d i s reg a r ded their a dvice - most notably w ith h i s lOth
move - a n d paid the pipe r . However , thei r morale did not seem adversely
affected . "It 1 s not the battle that count s , " said Keene , "but the outcome of
the w a r " .
Sever a l hours late r , over mid- a fternoon lunch in the s ame coffee shop ,
Petra Leeuwerik confirmed what Keene a n d Stean h a d s a i d . Viktor chimed i n
to say that it h a d b e e n h i s predetermined course to play r i s k i l y w ith B l ack
a n d the loss , therefore , h a d not affected h i s morale . He w a s i n quite a
good mood a n d looked forward to game nine .
Mea nwhile , a fe stive mood continued to p revail at the Terraces P l aza ,
h e adquarters for Karpov a n d his grou p . Wi th e ach delegation staying i n a
different hotel , the respective managers a n d s t a ffs i dentified with the player
they were sheltering . I t w a s thus quite natural that Mike Anton , g racious
manager of the T erraces P l a za , should host a cock t a i l party to celebrate win
number one .
Being one of the few c h e s s principals other t h a n the Soviet group to be
a s s ig n e d to quarters i n the Terrace s , I was invited by Mike to attend the
w i n g ding . When I showed up at the p a rty , several of the Soviets beg a n
j o s h i n g about a Neutral Member o f t h e J ur y attend ing a victory celeb ration
for one of the player s . I explained to them , as I h a d p revious l y to Karpov
and to Korchnoi , my approach to this neutrality que stion . I had arrived in
the P h i lippines on good terms w ith both players and intended to leave the
s ame way , not by remaining aloof from one or both but b y seeing them at
every opportunity and showing no favor i t i s m to eithe r . The p l ayers seemed
to appreciate this attitude and eventually everyone at Baguio City c ame to
accept a n d , at l e a st to some extent , understand it .
I g athered from An atoly that he thought tonight s celebration w a s
1

premature a n d felt r a ther uneasy - almost a s though h e w a s fearful l e s t a

party at this stage prove to be a j in x . B u t h e put o n a good face a n d the
photog r aphers , who hadn 1 t been able to get near him during the preceding
couple of week s , had a field d a y .
Highlights of the eveni n g , other t h a n the mere presence of Karpov a n d
h i s Grandmaster seconds , included l fugao folk dances b y a troupe n ative to
the mounta i n s i n which Baguio is loca te d ; champagne a n d a c ake with single
victory c andle ; a n d a beaming Viktor B aturinsky donning a n l fugao cloak
( upon Mike Anton s urgin g ) to do a step or two of the folk d ance .
1

To me , the Soviets looked plea se d b ut somewh a t emba r r a s se d . They all

s u s pected t h at the toughest struggle for K arpov l a y a h e a d .
 Sh a king Hands

Shaking h a n ds w ith one ' s opponent at the start of each g ame may strike
you a s a s imple - even a n atural - act , one to be performed out of courtesy
if not through mutual liking or re spect . Not true , however , in Baguio City
a n d i n many previous instances - some of them quite recent a n d involving
Korchnoi a g a i n s t other Soviet opponent s . For example , Viktor himself wrote
( after their 1 977 Quarter-F i n a l Candidates M atch ) that he and P etros ian did
not shake h a n ds throughout and that the omission was "nothing unusual -
for several y e a r s we h a d regarded t h i s ritual as hypocritical . "
T h e question of whether or not to clasp h a n d s has often troubled Korch­
noi , as was next demon strated when he met his former friend P olygaevsky in
a 1977 Semi-Fi n a l Candidates Match at Evia n , F r a nce . Viktor Baturinsky
( he a d of the Soviet Delegation for that event , too ) reportedly told the org a n i­
zers t h a t Korchnoi would be treated as a non-person and that contact between
the two players would be avo i d e d . Which meant no shaking of h a n d s . But
here Korchnoi reversed h i s stand from the Quarter-F inal M atch : " I decided to
discuss the possibility of a h andshake before each game , a t r a d itional ges­
ture designed s imply to convey the i d e a that the players have no plans to
come to blow s while playing . B aturinsky appeared to Moscow several time s ,
a n d finally each g a me b e g a n w ith a weak h andshake . "
N e xt c ame the F i n a l Candidates M atch between Korchnoi a n d Spas sky .
No question about h a nd shakes during the first h a l f of this match ; the pl ay­
ers were considerate , almost affectionate , towards one anothe r . Spas sky ' s
psychological w arfare i n the l a s t h a l f , however , destroye d the good vib­
ration s . At the end , not only were the players no longer shaking h a n ds but
they n e a rly c ame to blow s on the stag e .
Going b ack t o the 1974 Candidates M atch between Korchnoi a n d K arpov ,
we find that Viktor also h a d something to s a y about h an dshaking a fter that
one . He complained tha t the younger man h a d not shown the degree of
re spect normally accorded to the e l der , an example being A n a toly ' s fai lure
( l ate in the match ) to stand up to shake h a n ds when Viktor arrive d . Which
- i t i s worth noti n g - was usually a fter the clock had been started .
Given this h istory , is it any wonder that the shaking of hands during
the 1 978 Worl d Championship Match became one of the issues well before h a n d ?
I t w a s f i r s t r a i se d i n a M arch 6 , 1 978 , letter from F I D E P resident E u w e t o
the players , org an i zers , a n d Chief Arbiter Schm i d . No doubt m a n y verbal
interactions occurred during the next three months , b ut the next w r itten
reference - dated J une 10 , 1978 - i s a memora n dum of points taken up at the
Terraces P l a za Hotel i n B ag uio City i n a conference between Schm i d , Deputy
Arbiter Manuel F . L a r a , Chief Or g a n i ze r ( an d F I D E Deputy P resident ) Flor-

67
68 Shaking Hands

encio Campom a ne s , and Mrs . P e t r a Leeuweri k . P oint 4 of this document

reads : "The Chief Arbiter will suggest to both players t h a t they shake
hands . " Not very decisive , the i n fe rence being t h a t no one can force a
h andsh ake i f e ither players decides ag a i n s t this formality .
The World Champion and the Soviet Chess F ederation kept their s ilence
unt il J ul y 14 . O n that date , a letter giving " World Champion Anatoly K a r­
pov ' s s t a n d on the issues stated in F I D E P re s i dent ' s letter of the 6th of
M arch , 1978 a n d conference ' s communique held in B aguio , J une 1 0 , 1 978" w a s
s igned by Viktor B aturinsky a n d given t o F I D E P resident E uwe , M r . Campo­
manes , and Mr . Schmid. ( All were by then i n B a guio City . ) The pertinent
portion of this letter state d : "World Champ ion i s ready to shake h a n ds with
the Challenger , ( in a standing position ) b efore the beginning of each game .
However , if one of the p l ayers appears on the s t a g e after the clock h a s been
started , the other i s not obl iged to s t a n d up for a handshake . " Shades of
1 974 !
To clarify solutions to t h i s a n d other potential problems , a meeting was
held a t the Baguio Country Club on J uly 15. Dr. Euwe presided a n d Miss
I neke B akker , Gener a l Secreta ry of F I D E , was also presen t . T aking p a r t i n
the discussions were Mrs . Leeuwerik a n d M e s s r s . B aturinsky , Campomanes ,
a n d Sch m i d . O n the subject of s h a k i n g h a n d s , the report of this meeting
stated very positivel y , i f murkily : " R epresentatives of both camps ( M r . B at­
urinsky and Mrs . Leeuwerik ) agreed on shaking h a n d s before each match
begins . " Taken quite l iterally a n d out of context , that statement s a y s
nothi n g about t h e players ; it seems to specify t h a t Mrs . Leeuwerik is to
shake hands w ith Mr . B aturinsky prior to t h e s t a rt of p l a y in each match
where they are the players ' represent a t i ve s . But the language used was not
a deliberate attempt on anyone ' s part to further cloud the is sue a n d everyone
at Baguio knew what was intende d . K arpov a n d Korchnoi were t o shake
h a n ds with one another imme d i ately p rior to the commencement of each game .
Hands were shaken without a hitch during the first four g a me s ,
although neither side displayed much enthusiasm for the act . The fifth g ame
required three s e s s ions a n d g ame six w a s sandwiched in between the second
and third of thes e . Although there was no handshake prior to g ame s i x , the
omi s s ion appeared to be a n accidental one - especially s ince the g l a d i ators
did shake a g a i n a t the s t a rt of game five ' s third ses sion a n d at the start
of g ame seve n .
Certainl y , the n , K arpov heightened the tension immeasurably with h i s
f i e r y rebuff to Korchnoi j ust a s the clock w a s a b o u t t o be s t a rted for game
eight . His curt refusal to shake h a n ds b rought a n audible g a sp from the
handful of spectators , many of whom at first e s poused the charitable view
that it w a s a spur-of-the-moment act , motivated by a surge of anger when
Karpov saw t h a t Dr . Zouk h a r h a d been moved b ack from the second to the
fifth row of seats . Not for long , howeve r , d i d t h i s delusion persist . With
the g ame well under way , Alexander Roshal ( with the help of interpreter
Sta s s i s Oboukaouska s ) held a pre s s confe rence to release the followi n g
statement .
"My Esteemed Colleague s :
World Champion Anatoly K arpov asked me , a s a press official o f the
·
Soviet deleg a t ion , to inform newsmen of the follov1 i n g .
For many y e a r s , M r . Korchnoi h a s allowe d h imself to commit abuses in
respect to Mr. K arpov a n d some other g r andmasters and well-known chess
activi s t s .
However , guided by the h ighest principles of sportsmanship and gentle­
manly conduct a n d trying to heed the high standards set b y the org a nizers of
this M atch , the Worl d Champ ion was r e a dy to shake hands with Challenger
before the beginning of e ach game a n d he w a s doing so even after Mr. Korch­
noi , i n h i s pre-match press conference held in M a n i l a , allowe d himself once
more to i n sult the World Champion and some other members of his delegation .
Recent events h ave shown that the Challenger h a s not reduced h i s l i n e
 Shaking Hands 69

of intens ifying t e n s ions and under such circumstances Mr . Karpov does not
w i sh to shake h a n ds with Mr . Korchnoi . "

Friday , 4th August

Alexander Rosh a l , in addition to being a highly-respected chronicler of

the che ss scene , i s a close friend of Karpov ' s . They knew t h a t I p l a n n e d to
do a book on the match a n d Roshal sought me out this evening ; he wanted
to en sure t h a t I understood the motivation behind Karpov ' s conduct yester­
day . Here is the gist of his message .

"World Champion Anatoly Ka rpov i s , of course , re spected and renowned

t h roughout the world a s its titleholder in chess a n d a s a true sportman who
competes succe ssfully and without prej udice in many tourn aments . B ut it i s
a t home t h a t his star most n e a r l y approaches its zenith . His reputation a n d
social standing are impeccable , he i s a hero to young a n d o l d alike , he h a s
twice b e e n elected to t h e Central Committee of t h e Young Comm unists . Being
human , he naturally takes a certain pride in being so honored by his
countrymen a n d he realizes the extent to which he is expected to uphold the
very highest of standards .
How do you think Anatoly feels when subjected to insults heaped upon
himself and his n a t ion by M r . Korchnoi? Scurrilous statements to the pre s s ,
e v e n before traveling t o B a g uio ; his refus al t o stand during t h e playing of
music at the Opening Ceremony - how would you feel if your country were
i n sulted in such a way? Then the facetious compl a int about yogurt , a n d now
the stupid claim about hypnosis by D r . Zoukh a r - the worst yet in a chain
of provocation s .
The international news agency reports have bristled with such foolish­
ness r ather than concentrating upon encounters over the chessboard . Only
our press at home does not give publicity to a man who act s so provoc atively
when playing for the world title . Even so , when I talk with my friends in
Moscow they h a ve heard all about these thin g s . They ask , ' Why should
Karpov shake hands with such a m a n ? '
Vla dimir Zouk h a r really is a doctor of psychology - a sc ientific worker
in Moscow . His regul a r duties include working with sports competitors ,
teams a s well a s individual s , during their periods of preparation . He is
h e re to help Anatol y , yes , but not by ' confusing ' Korchnoi with ' rays ' or
hypnosis or anything else . D r . Zouk h a r woul dn ' t g ive a hoot and could
j ust a s well leave the hall tomorrow if that woul d bring serenity . But then
Tal - h is eye s ' - could j ust a s well replace Zoukh a r a s the hypnotic v i l l a in
in the pronouncements from the Korchnoi Delegation .
Maybe the Challenger h a s made up his mind to create scandal , for what
exact purpose we don ' t know . Viktor Korchnoi , more than anyone e l s e here ,
is sure there is no hypnosis - a n d no signals in the yogurt .
Anatoly Karpov knows why Viktor Korchnoi acts in such a way . Korch­
noi is Botvinnik ' s disciple , and Botvinnik himself h a s described how he
n a i l e d up a portrait of a future rival - three months before their match -
a n d began ' b a rking ' at it . Korchnoi is following the s ame t actic - he pre­
pares in such a way to make a dog fight of a chess match .
Viktor Korchnoi would l ike the world to think that he is innocen t , l ike
a virg i n . We o f t h e USSR know t h a t there i s n o innocent p l ace on t h a t body .
Why is it t h a t the only Candidates Matches in which Korchnoi participated
w ithout creating problems were against Spa s sky in 1968 and P etrosian in
1 97 1 ? Because the players h a d ' commercial a g reements ' reg a rding the out-
come !
Especially for your book , thi's ob servation . Before a n d after the 1 97 1
P etrosian-Korchnoi Match I w a s p resent at P e tros ia n ' s summer house outside
of Moscow . I pa rticul arly remember what kind of ' enemie s ' they were the n .
70 Shaking Hands

Strange coincidence t h a t this match w a s lost by Korchnoi without incident .

K a rpov ' s delegation here tried to shut i t s eyes a n d e a r s to the insults ,
to realize t h a t Korchnoi is g iven to exaggeration . He can best be character­
i ze d as the type of man who might take Anatoly ' s entire arm when he is
offered a h a n d .
F o r a l o n g time , t h e World Champion v a c ill ated - h i s coun selors did
l ikew i s e . He closed h i s eyes to many thin g s , b u t more a n d more he was
being hurt inwardly .
An atoly Karpov made the decis ion himself to shake h a n d s from the
beginning - and to cease doing so when he finally felt that he had to do
something about Korchnoi ' s persistent insults . "

From the Other Side

L a st night , in h i s anger during the moments immediately following

K a rpov ' s refus al to shake h a n d s , R amond Keene b l u rted out an uncharacter­
istic comment which he seemed rather sheepish about tonigh t . " I t will save
Viktor h aving to go into h i s dres sing room to w a s h his h a n d s after the start
of each game . "
Now R a y g rudgingly admitted t h a t Karpov ' s "prepared v ariation" h a d
b e e n a shrewd tactical blow in t h e psy-w a r , a blow which probably h a d the
desire d effect - to disturb Viktor ' s concentration . In a way , Keene felt ,
this w a s a sh ame because it h a d t a ken something away from what h a d been
in any c a se a well-pl ayed game by Karpov .

Saturday , 5th August

As such a h a ppening recede s or i s shunted a s ide by more dire a n d

current emergencies , attitudes may be modifie d . don ' t know what Loth ar
Schmid would tell us today about the "no h a ndshake" episode , but here -
recorded forever - is the Chief Arbiter ' s orig inal react ion .

A ugust 5, 1 9 78
PERSONALL Y TO
Mr . Viktor Baturinsky
Vice-Presiden t
Soviet Chess Federation
Dear Mr. Baturinsky,
Ha lf a minu te before the eighth game started, the two p layers should
h a ve shaken h a n ds in a ccordance with our a greement of July 1 5 . The World
Champion a voided this courte1>y, even when I a dvised the two players to
follow the agreemen t . Apparently, Mr. Karpov spoke briefly in the Russian
l a ngu age to the Ch a llenger and sta ted th a t he did not intend to shake h a n ds
a n ymore . I h a ve b een told th a t, a lmost sim u l taneously, Mr. Rosha l exp l a in ed
to the press th a t this refu s a l stemmed from recen t events initia ted by the
Ch allenger or by his Delegation .
It would h a ve been far b etter to n otify the Chief A rb i ter in a dvance,
ra ther th a n to surprise both he and the Cha llenger just as the game was
a bo u t to b egin . A lthough neither th e World Champion nor anyone else in his
D elegation may h a ve rea lized this in a dvance, s u ch a ction might even be
in terpreted as bordering on a viola tion of A rticle 1 9 . 1 ( c ) of the L a ws of
Chess and should b e a voided in the future. ·

Respectfu lly,
(Origin a l signed)
LOTHAR SCHMID
Chief Arbiter
 Shaking Hands 71

P.S. A fter the eighth game was fin ished, Mr. Korchnoi refu sed t o sign the
scoresheet of his opponen t . L a ter, however, he apologized a n d signed
the sheet in accordance with custom a n d regu l a tion s .

CS - F
 GAME NINE

Saturday, 5th August

Trying to anticipate possible areas of future disagreement a n d prot e s t ,

Lothar Schmid a sked Deputy Arbiters Miroslav F i l i p and M anuel Lara to meet
with him on stage this morning . The Chief Arbiter h a d borrowed Korchnoi ' s
t inted eyegl a s s e s to conduct h i s own "use test " .
With the lighting exactly as it would be during an encounte r , the
arbiters rotated a t the table . Each took turns wearing the glasses and
sitting across from the weare r , both moving a few pieces a n d in general
acting as though they were the p a rticipants with a g ame in progre s s . Their
opinions were arrived a t independently a n d only then discusse d . Agreement
was u n a n imou s : " When a player looks a t the board , these glasses are not
disturbing to an opponent . When he looks at the other ' s eye s , the g l a sses
are unusual but also not disturbing . "

* * * *

Karpov , on first at 4 : 59 pm , went straight to the table a n d s a t study-

ing the board intently ; he never so much as g l anced tow a r d the audience .
Korchnoi - unusual for him - appeared one minute a fter his clock h a d
b e e n starte d . Although Viktor shook h a n d s with Schmi d , h e a n d A natoly
h ardly looked a t one another .

Korchnoi-Karpov
Queen ' s Gambit Declined

1 c4 Nf6 2 Nc3 e6 3 Nf3

After making these few moves , Korchnoi looked searchingly into the
a udience on the left side of the hall . He did not see D r . Zoukhar , who h a d
switched today to the r i g h t side of row five .

3 . • . d5 4 d4 Be7 5 Bf4

ft This v a r i a t ion is new in Korchnoi ' s praxis . Throughout the m atch thus
far , we have s e en the Challenger trying to stun h i s opponent with opening
surprises . ft
With Karpov on the move , Chief Arbiter Schmid c ame off stage to the
front row and spoke with Florencio Campom a n e s . They went together to the
area reserved for the Korchnoi Dele g a t ion and spoke with Petra Leeuwerik .

72
 Game N ine 73

Shortly afterwards , tumult and wrangling hit new highs i n the auditorium ,
the outer lobby , a n d the press and conference rooms dow n s t a i r s . P ri m a r ily
over Zoukh a r , of course , and described in detail after this account of the
actual game .

5 • . • 0-0 6 e3 c5 7 dxc5 Bxc5 8 Qc2 Nc6 9 Rd1 Qa5 10 a3 Be7

1 1 Nd2 e5 12 Bg5 d4 13 Nb3 Qd8 14 Be2

ft Here theory chiefly examines 14 . . . N g 4 15 Bxe7 Qxe7 , but in t h a t

e v e n t W h i t e c a n probably take t h e d-pawn a n d h a v e a dequate defen s ive
resources . K arpov selects a v a r i ation which is less sharp . ft
Forty m inutes into the g ame a n d neither pl ayer has b udged from h i s
c h a i r n o r t aken h i s e y e s o f f t h e boa r d .

14 h6 15 Bxf6 Bxf6 16 0-0 Be6

ft 16 g6 was worth looking into , preparing a retreat for the dark-

s quared b ishop . I think White would then have had a hard time obt a i n ing
a ny advantage out of the opening . Now he ach ieves a position w ith some
potential by l iquidating his opponen t ' s p a i r of b ishop s .

17 Nc5 Qe7 18 Nxe6 Qxe6 19 Nd5 Rad8

K arpov e schewed the more n at ural 19 . . . R ac8 in view of the spectac­

u l a r vari ation 20 Qe4 Bd8 2 1 exd4 ! N xd4 ( 2 1 exd4 22 Qxe6 fxe6 23 Bg4
i s most unpl e a s a nt for Black ) 2 2 Bg4 ! fS 23 Rxd4 . However , the rook
stands more p a s s ively on d8 . ft
With Korchnoi on the move , K arpov stares fixedly across the t a b l e . No
doubt Viktor ' s one-way-mirror g l a sses are bouncing twin reflections of the
board right back a t Anatoly ! ( Korchnoi s a i d shortly after arriving at Baguio
City that h i s g l asses , silver-coated on the inside , were to prevent K a r pov
from watching h i s eyes a n d seeing where on the board he look s . )

20 Bd3 Ne7 21 Nxf6+

ft Korchnoi t ries to get a position in which his b ishop would be more

active than Black ' s k night .

21 • • • Qxf6 22 exd4 exd4 23 Rfe 1 Rd7

Worth considering w a s 23 Ng6 , with an exchange of knight for

b i s hop a s Black ' s goal .

24 Re4

White ' s plans call for an exchange of quee n s , which would make the
74 Game Nine

difference i n power of the two minor pieces more noticeable . So 24 Qe2 would
b e bette r ; on 24 . . . Nc6 25 Qg4 ! R d6 26 Qf5 , a possibility pointed out by
Karpov a fter the g a m e .

24 • • • Nc6 2 5 Qe2 g6

Now Black prevents simplification .

26 Rel Kg7 27 b4

White seems completely unable to decide which wing to concentrate on .

I would prefer 27 h4. The method Korchnoi chooses allows Black counter­
play ( . . . a7-a5 ) , which Karpov resourcefully ( an d , more importantly , a t the
proper t ime ) exploit s .

27 • • • b6 28 Qg4 Rfd8

Black avoids the t r a p 28 Qd6? 29 Re6 ! fxe6 30 Qxg6+ Kh8

3 1 Qxh6+ Kg8 32 Rxe6 . .ft
Korchnoi h a d taken 23 minutes on his 28th move and both players were
totally engrossed in their g ame . Neither one left the table until the time
control was m ade , sixty minutes after this move .

29 h4

.ft White c h anges h i s m in d . I n a smuch as he now threatens the h ighly

unple a s a nt 30 h5 , Bl ack ' s reply is forced .

29 • • • h5 30 Qg3 Qd6

D i fferent t imes , d i fferent music ; now Black doe s n ' t mind exchanging
queens at all . And the possibility of . . . a7-a5 p a r alyzes White ' s ambitions
on the queenside .

31 f4 Re7

B l ack could not permit 32 R-e6 ! , plus excha nging the rooks h a s the
useful purpose of somew h a t weaken ing the enemy ' s re a r . I t should b e
pointed out , too , t h a t Korchnoi w a s already h e a d i n g into t i m e pressure .

32 Rxe7 Nxe7 33 ReS aS

J ust in t ime . Defending the h-pawn with 33 . . . R h8 may not h ave led
forcible to dire consequence s , but it would have freed White ' s hand for other
t h i ng s . Now the concrete c alculat ion of v a r i a t ions b e g in s .

34 RxhS

After thi s , B l ack quickly obt a i n s sufficient counterplay . He would h ave

h a d greate r problems to solve after 34 c 5 , although in t h a t c a s e a l so , after
34 . . . bxc5 35 bxc5 Qd7 , B l a ck could look to the future with no great
t repidation . I t should be added t h a t a fter 34 bxa5 bxa5 35 R x a5 Rb8 ,
B l ack ' s house is also in orde r .

34 • • • axb4 3S axb4 Qxb4

 Game N ine 75

36 RbS

The k i n g side threat turns out to be a mirag e . Black c a n meet 36 Qg5

w ith a check o n e 1 , followed b y 3 7 . . . Rh8 . .ft
T a l failed to comment on 36 Re5 , which press room analysts thought
would keep the win a l ive for White . However , Korchnoi was in unbelievable
t ime trouble here .

36 • • • Qd2 37 Kh2

.ft The draw i s a l so unavoidable after 37 Rxb6 Qe3+ .

37 • • . Qe3

The attempt to play for a w i n by 37 . . . R a 8 fails on account of 38 f5 !

Ra3 39 f6+ .

38 Rxb6 Ra8 39 Qxe3

I n view of Black 1 s many thre at s , White i s forced to bring Black 1 s

central pawn to l i fe . .ft
A g a in T a l s a l le g iance show s .
1 The pres s room positively throbbed with
suggestion s , including 39 Qg5 . B ut , a s i n several earlier g a me s , Korchnoi 1 s
immed i a te problem w a s beating the clock ; he h a d ab solutely no t ime in
which to think .

39 • • • dxe3 40 Rb2 Ra3 41 Be4 Rc3 ( se a l e d move )

.ft A short a n a l y s i s showed t h a t Black 1 s ch ances are none the wor s e . On

the other h a n d , any attempt to play for the win by bringing the k n ight in
a t d4 also f a il s . So , the next morning Karpov offered a draw ( vi a the Chief
Arbiter ) by reve aling h i s sealed move . The offer w a s accepted w ithin a few
minute s . T i m e s used 2 : 37 - 2 : 26 . .ft
 Ju ry to Zou kh a r: Hit 's Ok, Doc! "

P rior to g ame time on August 5th , Chief Arbiter Schmid received a

letter - h andwritten in German - from the Challenger . M r . Korchnoi requested
use of the alternate playing room ; clearly , in Schm i d ' s opinion , to avoid the
d i sturbance which Korchnoi c l aimed was cre ated for him whenever Dr . Zoukhar
seated himself anywhere in the several rows of spectator seats placed at
floor level in front of the stage .
After the August 3rd J ury Meeting and before g ame eight on that s ame
day , the Chief Arbiter h a d d i scussed h i s choice of prob able actions ( in the
event of an appeal from Korchnoi that he w a s being disturbed ) w ith Chief
Or g anizer Campom a ne s . They both felt it was better to h ave one spectator
moved than to deprive all spectators by t r a n s ferring a g ame to the alternate
p l aying room . Therefore , they concurred that M r . Campomanes and Chief
M a r sh a l R afael F . Holazo would be in the hall and immediately a v a i l able if
neede d . "On a signal from Mr. Schmid that Mr . Korchnoi was protesting D r .
Zoukh a r ' s p re sence , Mr . Campomanes and the Chief M a r s h a l would take
action . "
No protest w a s voiced by Korchnoi during the eighth game ; however ,
the s ame readiness posture w a s adopted for g ame nine .

During Game Nine

As the game commenced , Korchnoi did not even see Dr . Zoukha r ( who
was in the fifth row but on the right rather than his usual left side of the
h a ll ) . Nevertheles s , M e s s r s . Schmid and Campomanes decided to try a prev­
entive m e a s ure early on . Campo in structed Chief Marshal Hol a zo to approach
D r . Zoukhar w ith the utmost courtesy and request that he move to the back
( ninth ) row of floor-level seats .
The Chief M a r s h a l slipped quietly into a vacant seat next to Dr .
Zoukh a r and w h ispered to him . No communication ! Mr . Hol a zo speaks Eng-
l i sh , Spanish , and T a g alog ; Dr . Zouk h a r , R u s s i a n and German . Grand-
m a ster T a l , seated at Zouk h a r ' s right side , w a s drafted as interp reter .
When he understood what w a s being a sked of him , Dr . Zoukha r s m i l e d ,
nodded p l e a santly at Hol a zo , and moved - to row seven r a t h e r than to row
n ine ! ( Re a l istically , however , there • w a s so l ittle a difference . )
By 5 : 15 , there w a s a notice able increase in the offstage activity . T al
di screetly departed for the press room , apparently not caring to be a p arty
to whatever might happen next . Chief M a r s h a l Holazo went into the seating
area reserved for the Karpov Delega t ion and spoke with interpreter Sta ss i s

76
 J u ry to Zoukh a r : " I t ' s OK , Doc ! " 77

Oboukaousk a s , who relayed whatever i n formation he gleaned to Colonel B atur­

insky . Then Hol azo rotated around the hall and had a few words w ith , in
turn , Mess r s . L a r a , Campomanes , Schm i d , and Campomanes a g a i n . R aymond
Keene and P e t r a Leeuwerik , w atching all this with apparent and mounting
apprehen sion , could s i t still no longer . They c ame to the floor of the h a l l
and hopped o n t o the g e n e r a l merry-go-round of conve r s ation and confusion .
Back and forth between the hall and the outer lobby v a r ious duos and t rios
went , the better to express their views to one another about the " d istur­
b ance" - which it now seemed t h a t they were cre ating .
But w a it . The p l ayers concentrated on che s s and neither one showed
the slightest awareness of the discombobulation being suffered by their
v arious cohorts .
B y 5 : 20 , a throng of j ourna l i s t s - up from the pre s s room and the b a r
- h a d g athered a t t h e rea r of the h a l l in an attempt to s e e and l e a r n more
about the commotion .
D r . Zoukh a r remained immob ile in the seventh row and stare d intently
a t Korchnoi - who was still oblivious to his presence .
After an hour of t hi s , a fuming Ba turin sky called for an emergency
meeting with the press in a dow n s t a i r s conference room . He then revea led
the contents of a letter which he had d i s tributed p rivately to Mes s r s . Campo­
manes , Schm i d , and Lim . I t s main point s , in condensed form :

" I n modern sport , including c h e s s , the problems of psychology are of

recognized scientifi c s ig n i fic ance . Not a few sportsmen and teams make use
of psycholog i st s ' services and advice in the preparation period a s well as
during a competition .
" P rofes sor Zouk h a r i s an expert in p roblems of p sychology a n d neur­
ology , with m any years of experience and an impeccable profe s s ional reput­
a tion . For the p a s t severa l y e a r s , he h a s - within the l i m i t s of h i s compet­
ence - consulted w ith the Worl d Champion .
"Being present at the Match in B a g u i o , Dr . Zouk h a r attentively follows
the general psychological condition of M r . Karpov , including the course of
the g ames . Simultaneously , which i s quite natural and not prohibite d by the
regulations , he may w atch the conduct of the rival . "

B aturinsky added t h a t he regarded "the accusations and s u s p ic ions

adv anced a g ai n s t D r . Zouk h a r a s being groundl e s s and un seemly . "
Two s amples of B aturinsky ' s exchanges with reporter s a t t h i s meeting :
Question : " What i s your obj ect ion to D r . Zouk h a r ' s s i t t ing w ith your
Delegation ? "
A n swe r : " He is not an offici a l member of the Delega tion . "
Quest ion : "Will Anatoly Karpov continue to p l ay the match i f the org­
anizers demand Dr . Zouk h a r ' s complete removal from the h a l l ? "
A n swe r : " I c annot predict t h e World C h a m p i0n ' s deci sion . "

The moment B aturinsky stepped dow n , P e t r a Leeuwerik took her turn at

holding a n impromptu press conferenc e . Although m any of the j ourna l i s t s h a d
followed B aturinsky b ack to t h e auditorium , s h e m ade these comments to the
few who rema ined i n the conference room .
" V iktor i s very d isturbed by h i s presence . T h a t w a s why he lost the
eighth g ame , not because K arpov played well . "
" I f D r . Z oukhar i s such a h a r m l e s s m a n and doing nothing suspicious ,
why don ' t they have him sit in the a r e a reserved for the Karpov Deleg ation ? "
" We do not a s k t h a t D r . Zoukha r be ej ected from t h e h a l l , only t h a t he
sit a t the r e a r . I f t h i s i s n o t done , t h e n the Q ame must be· moved to t h e
alternate p l a y i n g room upon Korchnoi ' s n e x t mo .;� - i f Viktor so w i s he s . "
One or two of those present observed t h a t M r s . Leeuwerik ' s first state­
ment represented quite a change from what she and Korchnoi himself h a d
t o l d t h e m the morning a fter h i s loss of g ame e i g h t .
78 J ury to Z o1:1 kha r : " It ' s OK , Doc ! "

Suddenly everyone dow n s t a i r s w a s informed that Dr . Zoukhar h a d left

the h a l l . "The situation is quite flu i d , " Campomanes s a i d . " I f the ques­
tion of where Zoukha r sits cannot be s a t isfactorily re solve d , Chief Arbiter
Schmid and I h ave a g reed to move the game to the alternate room . "
When we all returned to the h al l , D r . Zouk h a r w a s once a g a in seated
in row seven ; a p parently he had only t aken a short b re ak . Campomanes
immediately spoke with Deputy Arbiter L a r a , who went to the stage and
informed Schmid that Zoukha r w a s back .
At about 6 : 45 pm , while Karpov thought on h i s 1 9th move , Korchnoi
walked slowly off to h i s dre s s ing room . Schmi d followed him and then
reappeared almost in stantly . He stepped into the auditorium and spoke with
Campomane s , who went directly to the area reserved for the Korchnoi Deleg­
ation and conveyed this information to Petra Leeuwerik . When the Chief
Arbiter a sked Korchnoi i f he was being disturbed and would l ike the game
moved to the alternate room , h i s reply - to Schmi d ' s con siderable surprise -
was : "At this moment , I am not disturbe d ; I want to play ! " So game nine
w a s completed in the main h a l l . Z oukhar stayed to the end , and Korchnoi
never did say to Schmid that he was being d i sturbed .
As word of this development spread through the Convention Center , it d i d
very l i t t l e to help Korchnoi ' s future c a se a g a i n st Zoukh a r and it seriously
damaged Pet r a Leeuwerik ' s credib i l i ty . R a y Keene , in p articul a r , w a s
furious and revealed t o me j ust how deep a rift existed w ithin t h e Korchnoi
Delegation . He asked , with b itter humor , i f I had any C I A connections who
could help to get rid of someone . From h inting , h e eventually got around to
saying straight out that he desperately w a nted Viktor to win the match b ut
w a s a f r a i d that P etra would ruin everything . "She keeps things in turmoil
and this is beginning to upset Viktor . Pointless protest s , always something
being moved from a b ack burner to the front one . "
Today ' s example : Zoukh a r . R a y felt that Viktor didn ' t even know h e
w a s in the h a l l until Schmid - as a result of P e t r a ' s pushing - asked i f
Korchnoi wanted t h e g ame moved .
Keene even asked , "Could she be a R u s s i a n p l a n t ? " He s a i d that two
very respected chessplaying j ourna l i s t s h a d asked him that within the p a st
24 hour s . And he spoke with disgust about her h aving wanted to write a
letter to P resident M a rcos a couple of nights a g o .
W e w e n t in for tea and c ake . P e t r a soon j oined u s and announced , "We
shall h ave to w rite a letter of protest tonight . " Without saying a wor d , but
looking quite p a ine d , Keene excused himself and dep arted . We met i n the
pre s s room later and he expre s sed total disgust at the thought of work ing on
a protest letter tonight . "About what ? " w a s h i s reaction .
Much l ater , I l e a rned that Keene w a s so terribly angry this n ight
because of something Leeuwerik had s a i d upon being told that Korchnoi
decl ined Schmid ' s offer to move the game . "Viktor must really be going m a d ;
now he doe sn ' t even real i ze that h e i s being disturbed ! "

Sunday , 6th August

Wh atever Mrs . Leeuwerik ' s intentions were l a st night , the Wor l d Cham-
pion beat her to the punch . Before 9 : 00 a m , copies of the following h a n d-
written letter were delivered to the J ury Member s .
 J ury to Zouk h a r : " It ' s OK , Doc ! " 79

A ugust 6, 1 9 78
The Match Jury
World Chess Ch ampion ship
FORMAL PRO TEST from the particip a n t of the Ma tch ,
World Champion A n a toly Karpov

A s I \ora s informed, on the 5th of A ugust, 1 9 78 , during the course of the

9 th game, the Soviet professor, doctor of Medicine Sciences, V. Zoukhar, on
Match Chief A rb iter Mr. L oth ar Schmid 1 s instruction had been rep l a ced by
force from the 5th row in the orches tra stall to the 7th row and l a ter on was
informed of Mr. Schmid 1 s instruction to join the seats of officia lly stip u l a ted
members of the Soviet delega tion . Mr. Schmid threa tened th a t in case of dis­
ob edien ce on th e part of V. Zoukhar, he \orould transform the course of the
game to a l tern a te room s .
Ba sing o n the Section 1 1 .31 o f the Regula tion s o f the Match , I hereby
file a forma l protest against the a b o ve-mentioned actions of Mr. Schmid.
As was a lready stated in a deta iled letter of the Vice-Presiden t of the
Soviet Ch ess Federation V. B a turinsky of the 5th of A ugust, 1 9 78 , accusa tions
a n d susp icions a dvanced by the Ch a l lenger and his represen ta tives regarding
Prof. V. Zoukh ar are a b solutely groundless and unproven and I do not find
it necessary to reitera te the arguments of th is letter. I only wish to note
th a t Prof. Zoukh ar on the day 5 of A ugust 1 9 78 , as well as previously, did
not infringe upon any of the req u iremen ts concerning spectators stip u l a ted by
the Regula tions of the Match .
Mr. Schmid did not even find it necessary to a ddress the Hea d of the
Soviet delega tion or one of my seconds and carried his decisions into effect
after unilatera l con sulta tions with the Challenger 1 s represen tative.
It is with regret th a t I must note th a t these as well as some other
a ctions on the p art of the Chief A rb iter generate doub ts as to his objective­
ness and imp a rtiality. In accorda nce with the Section 1 1 . 4 of the Regu l­
a tion s , I kindly a sk the Jury to point out to the Chief A rbiter, Mr. Schmid,
on incorrec tn ess of his a c tions on the 5th of A ugust, 1 9 78 both in the way of
essence and form .
Respectfu lly,
(Origin a l signed)
ANA TOL Y KARPO V
World Champion

The J ury convened shortly a fter 1 1 : 00 am ; as u s u a l , at the B aguio

Country Club . Before d i s c u s s ion commenc e d , mem ')ers were g iven copies of a
letter of protest from the Challenger . I t w a s h a n dwritten in Germa n , but
Mrs. Leeuwerik delivered the following E n g l i s h t r a n s l ation .

A ugust 6 , 1 9 78

The unfa ir play h a ving arranged around psychologist Zoukhar by the

Soviets must b e stopped at l a s t ! Zoukhar defin itely disturbs me during a
playing session , especially a t the secon d part of it, b u t I h a ve n either time
nor strength to deal with this problem during a game.
They look for compromises ! One must keep FIDE rules ' . If Zoukhar is
a member of the Soviet Delega tion , he must sit together with the members of
the group . If not - for his malicious beha vior he must be expelled from the
h a l l once a n d forever. If at last the organ izers are not a b l e to cope \orith
th e hooligan-pseu doscien tist , the m a tch must be played in a closed room !
Origin a l signed)
VIKTOR KORCHNOI
80 J ury to Zoukh a r : " It ' s OK , Doc ! "

Chief Arbiter Schmid pointed out t h a t M r . Karpov w a s prote sting a g a i n s t

a deci sion o f h i s ; therefore , he wou l d report to the J ury but fel t bound not
to vote on the question . Chairman Lim concurred with this procedural inter­
pretation and requested the Chief Arbiter ' s comments on the matter at h a n d .
I n Lotha r ' s opinion , t h e Worl d Champion ' s view t h a t action h a d been
taken "on Mr. Schmid ' s i n struction" was an erroneous prem i se . He expl ained
a s follows ( quoted from the Report of the J ury Meeting ) .

There h a d b een two q u estions for the Chief A rb iter : first , is a men ta l
disturbance ( a n noya nce) possible, i n genera l ; second, h a d Mr . Korchnoi b een
disturbed? His a n swer in b oth cases was yes . He h a d advised the Jury a t
its previous meeting (A ugust ]} well i n a dvance o f the A ugust 5th game .
The problem of yesterday (A ugust 5) wou ld never h a ve arisen if the Jury h a d
taken a decision earlier.

Schmid then made it clear that there had been extensive coordination -
and ag reement - beforeh and between himself and the Chief Org anize r . His
advice , not an instruction , during game nine w a s that a friendly request
should b e made to D r . Zoukh a r to cooperate . "Thus Mr. Schmid thought
there was a m i sunderstanding in Mr. Karpov ' s lette r . To move Dr . Zoukha r
w a s not h i s deci sion and n o force w a s used . "
M r . Campomanes s a i d t h a t he and M r . Schmid h a d , indee d , concurred in
adv ance on a course of action and t h a t he had made sure the Chief M a r s h al
would be as courteous as possible to D r . Zouk h a r . M r . Campomanes a l so
remarked that whenever a player on the stage w a s being di sturbed ( men­
t a l ly ) , the org anizers had no way of k nowing unle s s they were so advised by
the Chief Arbite r .
After discus sion by va rious members , the Chairman a g a i n posed t h i s
question ( it h a d b e e n t r e a t e d previously at the A u g u s t 3 meeting ) . " I s it
possible for a pl ayer to b e disturbed ( annoyed ) subjectively , ment a l l y ? "
P a ragraph 8 0 from t h e Report of t h e J ury Meeting o f A u g u s t 6 :

The Jury agreed th a t the answer was "ye s " b u t some memb ers felt th a t
a disturb ance o f th is type should n o t b e judged b y the Arb iter under regu l ­
a tion 4 . 56 . The Ch a irma n said th a t his own in terpreta tion was tha t s u bjec­
tive ma tters may b e taken in to con sidera tion , carefu lly. At the same time,
he un derstood Mr. Baturinsky 1 s position to b e against the accep tance of sub­
jective ma tters un der 4 . 56 . The Ch a irm a n poin ted out, however, th a t the
Jury h a d previously agreed th a t the Chief Arb iter should con sider s u bjective
disturb ances. With regard to the semi-fin a l p aragraph of Mr. Karpov 1 s
letter, th e Ch a irma n sta ted his belief th a t Mr. Schmid h a d a c ted with the
best of in ten tions and with objectivity and impartiality and we may assure
Mr . Karpov of thi s .

W e were t w o hours into a meeting which eventually ground o n for very

nea rly six hours . The situation ( and the l ine-up on the J ury ) seemed clear
enough . With the exception of Messr s . B aturinsky and M alchev , the members
were solidly behind Schmid and his interpre t a t ion s . The next four hours
con s t ituted an extremely t rying period for each of us and we w itnessed every
convolution the human mind could conceive . A few samples .

Cha irman Lim to M r . B a t u r insky : "You a g ree that Viktor Korchnoi c a n

be disturbed but y o u don ' t a g r e e t h a t action c a n be take n ? "
B a turinsky : "Agree d ! "
From Edmondson : "The s ituation h a s degenerated to such a degree t h a t
t h e r e i s n o l o n g e r any w ay to sat i s fy a compl a i n t from o n e p l ayer without
disturb i n g the other p l ayer . "
" M r . B aturinsky s a i d it w a s important t h a t the record reflect t h a t
d u r i n g t h e n i n t h g ame , in reply to an inquiry from M r . Schmid , M r . Korchnoi
 J ury to Zoukha r : " I t ' s OK , Doc ! " 81

d i d not personally h a ve a n y compl a i n t about being disturbed a t t h a t t i me . "

( A vital point , made by a s tubborn and clever negotiator . )
"The C h a i rm a n observed t h a t M r . Karpov i s asking the J ury to s a y t h a t
M r . S c h m i d w a s wrong w h i l e M r . Sch m i d h a d g iven h i s interpre t a t ion of the
regul ation s . The que stion w a s , should the J u ry make a new interpret ation? "

Eventually , the Chairm a n brought a talke d-out and exhausted J ury to a

vote on whether it agreed or d i s a g reed with the opinion of the three a rb iters
t h a t paragraph 4 . 56 of the M atch Regul ations was meant to include subj ective
or ment al d i st urb ance s .
Disqualified h imself from vot i n g : Schmi d
Ab s ta ined ( understandably ) : C a mpomanes
Agree d : Edmondson , Leeuwerik
D i s agreed : Ba turinsky , Malchev .
Per h ap s Chairman Lim h a d intended to a b s tain , but now the outcome
w a s s quarely up to him . F i r s t commenting t h a t he would vote "to m a i n t a in
the status quo , " Lim then a m a ze d everyone - including B at urinsky - by
voting i n d i s a g reement with the arbite r s . Rather than maintaining the s t a t u s
quo , w h i c h h a d b e e n e s t a b l i shed by t h e C h i e f A r b i t e r and t h e Chief Org a n i zer
a fter the August 3rd J ury Meeting , his vote turned the whole topsy-turvy .
l n my opinion , Korchnoi coul d thank Mrs . Leeuwerik for thi s , in l a rge
part . Her overall performance to date - and especially yesterday - had
tended to d i m i n i s h much of the sympathy for an underdog w h i c h m i g h t h ave
ear l ier exi s t e d , even if unconsciously , for Korchnoi ' s view s . Tragically for
Viktor , t h i s re s ul t w a s j ust the opposite of what she fervently desired to
accomp l i s h for him . lt came about because P e t r a completely l acked an un der­
standing or appre c i at ion of how one should conduct one ' s self to meet w ith
s uccess in the specialized pol itical atmosphere which envelops any such
critical chess rna tch .
Be that as it may , the J ury closed its del iberations by making the
following reply to Mr. Karpov ' s p rote st .

Mr. Schmid 1 s advice to the orga n izers in no way imp lied the use of
force; on th e con trary, he suggested th a t Dr. Zoukhar be a sked in a very
friendly way to take a sea t in a row farther b a c k . The organ izers a cted
a ccordingly and a ny impression to th e con trary could only be a misunder­
sta nding "'h ich is regretted by a l l .
The Jury does n o t find itself i n disagreement Fith paragraph three of
your letter.
Regarding p aragraph four, Mr. Schmid poin ted out tha t the problem was
considered during the previous meeting of the Jury and he h a d a n ticip a ted
three prob a b l e courses of a c tion . Both p layers were represented in th a t
meeting a n d Mr. Schmid, therefore, did n o t con sider a n y a ction taken on
A ugust 5 to h a ve b een taken unila terally or without prior indica tion .
The Jury believes th a t the Chief A rb iter h a s a cted a t a l l times in good
faith and with the best of inten tion s .
Mr. Schmid b a sed his a dvice to the orga nizers o n his interpreta tion of
p a ragraph 4 . 56 of the Ma tch Regula tion s . I t i s the opinion of the three
arb iters th a t th is regu la tion is generally meant to include s u bjective or
mental disturb an ces . Mr. Schmid points o u t th a t regul a tion 4 . 6 formerly
specified noise and objective disturb ance from ou tside the p l aying area a s
possible rea sons for use o f the a ltern a te p laying room . H e sta ted th a t
removal of these specifics when the regu l a tions were l a s t revised was
exactly because it was rea lized tha t s u bjective or men tal disturb an ces might
a lso hinder the norm a l progress of a game .
The Jury, however, disagrees with the A ugust 5 a dvice of the Chief
Arbiter to the orga n izers .
82 J ury to Zoukh a r : " It ' s OK , Doc ! "

I n reply to a question , the Chairman s a i d t h a t the effect of the J ury

deci sion w a s to uphold M r . K a rpov ' s protest and to reject M r . Korchnoi ' s
prote s t .
To everyone i n B aguio C i ty , including t h e m any j ourn a l i s t s pre sent , i t
w a s a l so evident t h a t a final effect o f t h e J ury ' s deci sion would b e t o g ive
D r . Z oukh a r a free h a n d - or a free seat - anywhere w ithin the spectator
area of the p l a ying h all .
" I t ' s OK , Doc ! "

Monday , 7th August

Commenting on yesterday ' s J ury Meeting , one Manila newspaper s a i d :

"The deci s ion on t h i s latest i s s ue in the che s s championship t h a t h a s taken
pol i t i c a l color follows s i m i l a r favorable deci sions for Karpov made on the
fl ag and yogurt i s s ue s . "
Another reported t h a t " A n a toly K a rpov scored a victory off the board
when the Match J ury ruled that controve r s i a l Soviet Dr . Vla dimir Zoukh a r
could w a tc h the games without being disturbe d . . . . The Jury deci s ion w a s
arrive d at o n a r ainy , foggy , cold day in t h i s summer resort and it reflects
the gloomy state of affai r s in the t itle serie s . "
Having failed to ab sorb w i s dom from defe a t , Petra Leeuwerik stepped up
her b it te r attack s . A b rief summary exempl i fi e s the heate d n ature o f her
well-publicized remark s .
"We h ave seen yesterday t h a t the Jury i s not neutral a n d will decide
a g a i n st u s , whether we a re right or not . That i s because four of i t s mem-
bers - B at urinsky , M alchev , L i m , and C a mpom a n e s - are pro-Soviet .
" Viktor ' s morale i s hig h . He know s how the Soviets work and we are
p re p a re d to meet them .
"Viktor w i l l p l a y on the stage , not in the alternate p l aying room . We
reserve t h a t p l ace for future trouble s .
" A s for Zoukh a r , h e looks very lonely i n the seventh row and I s h a l l
have no choice b u t to sit b e side h im .
"Arriving today i s our own expert p a r a psycholog i s t , neurologi s t , and
hypnot i s t . We w i l l see whether t h i s i s a world champ ionship in che s s or in
p a ra p sychology . "
Sure enough , D r . Vla dimir M . Berg iner w a s soon to make h i s presence
felt within the Korchnoi c amp - but certainly not anywhere else ; more about
that l a t e r .
How fool i s h of Petra to lump Florencio Caompomanes and P rofe s sor Lim
Kok Ann with Colonel B at urinsky a n d Andrei M alchev . A s Chief Org a n i ze r ,
Campom a ne s ' dedication h a d been to t h e nearly impossible t a s k o f trying to
s a t is fy everyone . And Lim , a s t a unch and p a triotic citizen of fiercely i n de­
pendent a n d anti-communi s t Singapore , certainly must not h a ve been enchan­
ted by the worl dwide publicity accorded to this accusation that he was pro­
comm un i s t .
T h i s a fternoon , P rofe s sor Lim cl arified w h a t he meant yesterday by
" m a i n t a i n i ng the status quo" . He said - and Florencio Campomanes s upported
his v iew - that Dr . Zouk h a r may sit in the seventh row of the orche stra
section , b ut no nearer t h a n t h a t to the s t a g e .
The Report of the J u ry Meeting rea d no such way . I f t h i s understanding
existe d , it must have been in an unpub l i c i zed " d e a l " with the Soviets . And
experience has taught that any such undocumented a g reement i s bound to be
d i s honored at w h a tever t ime s u i t s the convenience of the most vitally inter­
ested p a rties .
 GAME TEN

Tuesday, 8th August

" I feel a bit tired" , s a i d Lothar Schm i d , who h a d j ust this noon
returned to Baguio City . His wife and two sons arrived yesterday from
Germany and he h a d spent the n ight w ith them in M a n i l a before the family
undertook the a rduous j ourney by motor c a r to our mountain ret r e a t . There­
fore , Miroslav F i l i p w a s Chief Arbiter and Deputy Arbiter M a n u a l L a r a the
second offi c i a l on stage for today ' s encounter .

Karpov-Korchnoi
Ruy Lopez - Open Variation

1 e4 e5 2 Nf3 Nc6 3 Bb5 a6 4 Ba4 Nf6 5 0--0 Nxe4 6 d4 b5 7 Bb3

d5 8 dxe5 Be6 9 Nbd2 Nc5 10 c3 d4

ft T h i s t ime ( un l ike in the eighth game ) , Black follow s theory . According

to the opening manual s , White c annot hope to gain a n advantage i n this line .
Howeve r , things are not so s imple .

1 1 Ng5 !

The k n ight i s en prise ! White ' s startling i n novation caused Black to

use 43 valuable m i nutes on his next move . lt is extremely dangerous to
accept the knigh t : 11 . . . Qxg5 12 Qf3 Kd7 13 Bd5 and the k i n g comes
under strong attack . Korchnoi finds a way to simplify , although he does not
equal ize completely .

83
84 Game Ten

11 . . . dxc3 12 Nxe6 fxe6 13 bxc3 Qd3 14 Nf3

T here w a s a s acrificial possibility , 14 Bc2 ; however , Karpov prefers a

s m a l l but soli d a dv a ntage and a l low s the exchange of queen s .

14 . . . Qxd1

T a k ing the c-pawn borders on suicide . After 15 Bg5 , the Black k ing
never get s out of the center .

15 Bxd1

White needs the b i s hop p a i r , for the t ime being . Recapturing with the
rook l e ad s , a fter 15 N xb3 16 a xb3 h6 ! ( the invasion a t g5 must be
prevented ) , to an approximately level position .

15 . . . Be7 16 Be3 Nd3

I c a n ' t see anything better ; White threatened 17 Bxc5 and 18 Bb3 in

some l ines . But now Black doe s not fea r 1 7 Nd4 , s ince 1 7 . . . Nxd4 18 cxd4
c5 ! frees him of his t roubles . .ft
Korchnoi h a d already used 106 minute s ; only 44 minutes rema ined for
24 more move s .

17 Bb3 Kf7 18 Rad1 !

.ft 18 N d4 would have failed to achieve i t s end here , too , for the same
reasons . k a rpov temporarily gives up a p awn in order to achieve a favor­
able opening of lines .

18 . . . Ndxe5 19 Nxe5+ Nxe5 20 Bf4 Nc4

I t ' s not difficult to see t h a t t h i s is Black ' s only practical continuation .

The knight cannot be maintained on e5 : 20 . . . Bd6 21 Bxe5 Bxe5 22 R fe 1
( 22 f4 Bxc3 23 f5 i sn ' t b a d , either ) Bxc3 23 Rxe6 Kf8 2 4 R d7 , and the
Black king ' s situ ation borders on the c a t a strophic .
Black must cut off a t l e a s t one of those c r a zy b i shops .

21 Bxc4

T h i s keeps some edge for White , but 2 1 R d7 ! would h ave been more
active . T he point is t h a t after 21 c5 he h a s the very powerful reply
22 R e 1 ! One l ine , 22 R a d8 23 Rb7 R d3 24 Bg5 ReS 25 Re4 Rxc3
26 h3 , shows what sort of difficulties l ie in store for Black . Despite the
exchange of queen s , it is not yet an e n d g a m e .
White h o p e s to exploit the great mobi l ity of h i s rooks and thereby s e t
 Game Ten 85

up pres sure on one of B l ack s three pawn i s l a n d s .

1

21 • • . bxc4 22 Rd4 Bd6 23 Be3

Obviously , White s
1 chances would be minimal in the rook endg ame .

23 . • . Rhb8 24 Rxc4 Rb2 25 a4 Ra2 26 g3

Of course White would l ike to t ake the open file with 26 Rb l , but the
reply 26 . . . Rb8 would underscore the weakness of the back rank . So White
must lose time .

25 . . . Rb8 27 Rdl R8b2 28 R 1 d4

28 Kg2 , b r i n g ing up the k ing , w a s another possibility . Karpov prefers

activating h i s other rook first .

28 . . . Rb1+

Korchnoi was alre ady slipping into t ime pres sure . I n stead o f t h e move
actually playe d , 28 . . . Re2 might h ave been stronge r .

29 Kg2 Rba1 30 Rh4 h6 31 Bc5

I mp ulsively pl ayed . The strongest move , 31 B a7 ! , would have g i ven

h i s opponent very diffic ult problems to solve ( e speci ally con sidering his lack
of time ) . The threat of 32 Bb8 would have forced one of the Black rooks to
quit the a-file , which in turn would free a White rook ( Rc6 is one possibil­
ity ) . While one cannot a s sert that White would have obtained a w in n ing
pos ition , still this i s what he should have p l a y e d . The vital tempo g iven
away s h arply alters one s a p p r a i s a l of the postion .
1

31 . . . e5

Here s the problem .

1 Now the Black k ing enters the g ame very effec-
t ively . The position i s equal and Karpov 1 s continuing to s t r ive for the win
a t any cost i s quite risky .

32 Ba7 Ke6 33 Rcg4

White p u t s h i s rooks into rather extravagant spot s , but h i s i n tention is

to l ay a clever t r a p .

33 • • . Be7 34 Rh5 Bf6

Had B l ack chased after the mater i a l , he would have gotten into great
86 Game Ten

trouble . 34 . . . Bg5 35 h 4 , and both tries a t winning the rook fail . Thus ,
35 . . . g6 loses at once a fter 36 hxg5 gxh5 37 gxh6 ; and 35 . . . Kf5 l e a d s
to m u c h unple a s antness a f t e r 3 6 h x g 5 K x g 4 3 7 g x h 6 g xh6 3 8 Rxe5 . Now
the Bl ack king is unexpectedly in d a n g e r .
O n t h e other hand , B l ack could a l so h a v e stopped h al fw a y with 34 . . .
Bg5 35 h4 B f6 , when White would soone r or later have h a d to s acrifice h i s
b i s hop at h6 . O f course , Korchnoi h a d very , v e r y l ittle t ime left in w h i c h to
calculate a l l these variation s .

35 Rc4 Kd7 36 Bb8 c6 3 7 Re4

After 37 Bxe5 g6 , Black would win the exchange but at too high a
p r ic e . 38 R d4+ forces the k ing b ack to c8 ( an d not 38 . . . Ke8 39 R xh6
Bxe5 40 Re4 ) , and then 39 R d6 ! g xh5 40 Rxc6+ Kb7 4 1 Rxf6 leaves all the
chances to White . However , Black could play 37 . . . Bxe5 , which would l e a d
to a s itu a tion s imilar to t h a t w h i c h occurs in t h e g ame . But now , in a
couple of move s , a rook endgame a r i s e s in which the outside p a s sed a-pawn
gives no a dvantage in view of White ' s counterplay on the k ings ide . Both
p l ayers reach t h i s conclus ion a t the 44th move .

37 • • • Rxa4 38 c4 Ra5 39 Bxe5 Bxe5 40 Rhxe5 Rxe5 41 Rxe5 Ra4

42 Re4 Ra5 43 h4 h5 44 Rf4 and , s ince the players were not speaking to
one a nother , Karpov offered the draw though Chief Arbiter F i l i p and Korchnoi
accepted . T imes used 1 : 39 - 2 : 5 1 . ft

Several t imes during t h i s four-hour s e s s ion , Korchnoi - as in e a rlier

games - seemed to shield h i s eyes by p l acing one or both hands to h i s brow
or templ e s . F inall y , it occurred to me t h a t t h i s may not be a " shielding"
act ion a t all . Could be t h a t wearing such dark , dark g l a s ses hurts V iktor ' s
eyes or gi ves h i m a headache - or both t
 Hell H a s No Fu ry . . _ _
,, or Ha s It?

Through all of g ame ten , D r . Zouk h a r m a intained h i s post in the

seventh row and a l so his h ab it of s taring fixedly a t Korchnoi . Petra
Leeuwerik , upon being reminded by t h e organ izers t h a t members of the
offici a l dele g a t ions were to sit in the area reserved for them , made no move
to personally be at h i s s i de . However , we were treated to a strange
charade . From the moment he seated h imsel f , Zouk h a r w a s besieged by
relays of Fil ip inos , evidently college students and the maj ority of them
comely females . They came a t him all during the session , two or three at a
t ime , and s a t in the most nearly adj acent p l a ces . Ob serving thi s , several
other members of the Soviet group tried to shield him from what they took to
be unwanted attention - although none could h a ve had the slightest idea of
the Filipina ' s purpose . A rather comical s i g h t at times ; up to three or
four petite young l a dies , by now t rying to become inconspicuou s , j ammed in
between burly R u s s i a n men . But the girls hung in there , whatever their
intentions .
Korchnoi frequently pl aced one or both h a n d s to brow or temple , and I
became convinced that it w a s because those s i lvered g l a s s e s bothered h i s
eye s ; not a shielding action a t all .
Petra , now a ddicted , held an inform a l press conference within minutes
a fter the game commence d . A scattershot affa i r , unsparingly vitriol i c , w h ich
g ave the media a dditional non-chess material to comment on b ut rubbed salt
into the wounds which she h a d opened the day be fore with her accusations
a g a inst the J ury .
Florencio Campomanes - " Campo the Cool " , one j ournalist h a d dubbed
him - felt compelled to issue a short statement of his own . "Chivalry forbids
me to resort to i n temperate l anguage , " he said , "so let ' s stick to the fac t s .
During t h e J ury Meeting o f August 6 , I abstained from voting . " Log ically
enoug h , too , s ince h i s actions in moving Dr. Zoukh a r were a n inte g r a l p a rt
of the question which the J ury had dealt w ith .
P rofes sor Lim Kok Ann , too , felt constra ined to defend h imself a g a i n st
the serious allegat ions voiced by M r s . Leeuwerik . His own statement to the
pre s s included these remark s .
"Wide publicity h a s been g iven to the s tatement that l am pro-Sov i e t .
" I admire a n d respect M r . Korchnoi a s t h e Challenger but I hope h e
understands t h a t , because I come from a non-al igned country , t h e allegation
t h a t I am pro-Soviet can be embarras s ing . M r . Korchnoi should realize t h a t
b e c a u s e I am n o t anti-Soviet , it d o e s n o t mean t h a t I am pro-Soviet .
" When I accepted t h i s a s s ignment to be a member of the J ury , I deter­
mined to be as impartial as anyone can b e .

CS - G 87
88 Hel l H a s No Fury . . . " - Or H a s I t ?

" I shall close with these word s : ' The lady doth prote s t too much ,
methink s ' . "

* * * * *

I n M a n i l a to meet h i_s family , on the night of August 7th Lot h a r Sch m i d

a scertained t h a t the press coverage of the m o s t recent J ury deci sion c a st him
in an unfavorable l ight . T h i s discovery left him p artly d i s i l l u s ione d , p artly
fuming .
Grandmaster Schmid first served as a Chief Arbiter at the 197 1 F i scher­
P e t rosi a n Match , and never until now had his obj ectivity and impart i a l ity
been questioned . Because of h i s personal liking for the Wol;'ld Champion and ,
of course , h i s h i g h esteem for him a s a p l ayer , he w a s especially hurt by
Karpov ' s prote s t . Never would he deliberately be " a g a inst" Karpov . The
fact t h a t either s i de d i s a g reed with any deci sion he h a d to make should not
be considered a s ground for an accusation that he didn ' t a rrive at s a i d
deci s ion obj ectively and fairly .
I n short , the Chief Arbiter w a s both hurt and angry . He seriously
considered resigning his position because he felt the reports were "one-s ided"
and he did not c are for his present role a s the "paper v i l l a i n" .
The foregoing , more t h a n his being "tired" , explains why Lothar Schmid
d i d not officiate in game ten . He resented the fact t h a t the J ury h a d changed
its mind and left him m a rooned on a l imb which it then cut off .
For two days after Schmid ' s return to Baguio City , there were cons ul­
t at ions between him and - at various times - P rofessor Lim , Florencio
Campoma ne s , and Colonel B a t u rinsky . After B aturinsky h a d paved the way ,
the Chief Arbiter met privately with A n a toly Karpov . Finally , everyone ' s
feel ings were sufficiently s alved for these two letters to be distributed a t a
press conference held by C a mpomanes a n d Schmid .

A ugust 1 0 , 1 9 78
Joint Sta tement by
World Champion A n a toly Karpov and Chief A rb iter L othar Schmid
Severa l days a go, the World Champion expressed his disconten t over the
fa ct th a t during the nin th game Dr. Vladimir Zoukhar was repea tedly a sked
to ch ange his loca tion in the au ditorium . The World Ch ampion had th e
impression th a t these ac tions were taken unila terally by the Chief Arb iter .
In the course of a recent discu ssion between the World Charrpion and
the Chief Arb iter, th e l a tter exp l a ined th a t the A ugust 5 ac tions were implem­
en ted in coordin a tion t,.rith the orga n izers and upon the b a sis of an inter­
preta tion of the Jury 1 s recommen dation of A ugust 3 .
I n connection with the given exp l a n a tion and taking into account th a t
the problem which h a d been discu ssed for s o long n ow i s solved, thE World
Champion retains his confidence in Mr. Schmid 1 s objectiveness and imp artia l­
ity as Chief A rbiter.
(Origin a l signed) (Origin a l signed)
ANA TOL Y KARPO V L O THAR SCHMID
World Champion Chief A rb iter

A ugust 1 0 , 1 9 78
To : Members of the Jury
From : Prof.essor L im Kok A n n , Ch a irma n

1. A s the press reports of our decision of A ugust 6 were so confu sed, I

dra w your a ttention to the fol lowing poin ts which "'ill be elaborated
 Hel l H a s No Fury " - Or H a s I t ? 89

upon in t h e Jury Report .

2. O n A ugust 3 , the Jury received for the first time a written sta tement
from Mr. Korchnoi of his objection to Dr. Zoukhar 1 s presence in the
hall. The Jury agreed tha t mental disturba n ce (annoyance) was pos­
sible a n d Mr. Schmid reported tha t a ll three arbiters b elieved the same.
The Jury did not make any decision , but recommended a s follows :
If the Chief A rb i ter determines th a t Mr. Korchnoi is disturbed he shall
either imp lement regu la tion 4 . 6 or advise the organ izers to take s u ita b le
a ction un der regul a tion 7 . 5 .
3. On A ugust 6 , in considering Mr . Karpov 1 s protes t, the Jury discu ssed
the b a sis of the Chief Arbiter ' s a dvice, n a mely regul a tion 4 . 56 , which
s ays th a t the arbiter sh a l l not permit a p layer to b e unnecessarily
disturbed. Since Mr. Schmid 1 s advice to the organ izers during the
n in th game was b a sed upon the recommenda tion a s given a bove, the
Jury must accept responsibility for the con sequence s . The Jury decided,
however, th a t the Arb iter should not take into a ccount disturb ance
(an noyance) which is men ta l in n a ture .
4. No criticism of Mr. Schmid wa s imp lied .,.,hen the Jury upheld Mr.
Karpov ' s protest. I am sure th a t the Jury h a s every confidence in
Mr. Schmid ' s a b ility , impartia l ity, and objectivity .

Respectfu lly,
(Origina l signed)
PROF. L IM KOK ANN
Chairman

And so it came about that Lotha r Schmid officiated a g a in , commencing

w ith the eleventh g ame .
 GAME ELE VEN

Thursday, l Oth August

Viktor Korchnoi came from h i s dressing room five minutes early and s a t
s t r a i g ht aw ay a t the table ; in a departure from h i s norm , he ignored the
media personnel clustered in front of the stage and kept his g a ze upon the
w aiting board and piece s .
Anatoly Karpov came o n two minutes e arly , shook h a n d s rather osten­
t atiously with Lotha r Schmid , and s a t down oppos ite Korchnoi .
Viktor ' s posture rema ined r i g i dly the s ame and he d i d not look up .
Anatoly g l anced fitfully to h i s right at the stage ' s b ack w a l l , then out a t
the photographers and the a u d ience - a nywhere but across the boa r d . The
oppone nts ignored one another ' s exi stence until Schmid s tarted t h e clock .

Korchnoi-Karpov
Sicilian Defence

1 g3

ft As nearly as I c a n remember , t h i s is the first t ime for such an opening

move in a World Championship M atch .

1 . . . cS 2 Bg2 Nc6 3 e4

By round a bout means , the g ame h a s turned into a branch of the

Sic i l i an Defence in which White cannot seriously expect to obta i n any s i g n i f­
icant opening a dv antage .

3 • • • g6 4 d3 Bg7 5 f4 d6 6 Nf3 Nf6 7 0-0 0-0 8 c3

It is d ifficult to c a l l t h i s move an improvement over the usual 8 Nc3 ,

which would g ive us the standard position of the Closed V a r i a t ion . White
attempts to enforce the a dv ance of the d-pawn , but this is not easy to
achieve ; his pawn at c3 may become the object of Black ' s coming attack on
the quee n ' s wing .

8 • • • Rb8 9 Qe2

90
 Game Eleven 91

The choice of a plan here i s a m atter of Black ' s taste . 9 . . . b5 w a s

poss ib l e , i n a s much a s 10 e 5 N d5 i s n o t at all d angerou s . A n d 9 . . . Bg4
10 Nbd2 b5 11 h3 Bxf3 12 Nxf3 Nd7 doesn ' t look b a d to me , eith e r . But
Karpov doesn ' t mind letting h i s opponent establish a pawn center as he is
b a nking on h i s 12th move .
9 . . . Ne8 10 Be3 Nc7 1 1 d4 cxd4 12 cxd4

On 12 Nxd4 , Black h a s either 12 . . . Ne6 or 12 . . . e5 , without need to

fear 13 Nxc6 bxc6 14 Bxa7 Ra8 15 Be3 B a6 16 c4 d5 .

12 . . . Bg4 13 Rd1 d5

Now the center close s . White obt a i n s a space advantage o n the king ' s
wing ; Black look s for counterplay on the c-file . 13 . . . f5 would a l s o have
led to very complex play .

14 e5 Qd7 15 Nc3 Rfc8

15 . . . f6 w a s another possibil ity . .ft.

Schmid came offstage , leaving M anuel Lara temporarily in c h a rge , and
we went dow n s t a i r s for a quick refre shment . Lotha r said t h a t "How to offer
a draw" w a s still unsettled and we could expect almost anything to h appe n .
Korchnoi w a s i n s i sting t h a t draws b e offered through t h e Arbiter and the
pl ayers not speak to each other ; Karpov refused to go along with t h i s .
Schmid s a i d t h a t he would "hover expectantly close" to the table whenever
the g ame beg a n to look drawish .

16 Qfl b5 17 h3 Bxf3?

.ft. To j udge from everything , Karpov w a s clearly off form . A few unfort-
u n a te moves get him into a difficult position , and then into a lost one . The
exchange on f3 m ay h a ve been the fir s t . 17 . . . b4 instead would h ave been
92 Game Eleven

strong . Then 18 N a 4 would not h a ve worked , in view of 18 . . . Bxf3 and

19 . . . Nxe5 ; on e2 this knight would stand p a s s ively . I f 18 hxg4 bxc3
1 9 bxc3 Qxg4 , Black will be the first to begin active operations on the
opened files .

18 Bxf3 b4?

B ut now there i s no reason to h urry this move ; 18 ... e6 first would

have rna inta ined equality .

19 Bg4 !

T h i s move the World Champion saw . After the g ame , he s a i d that he

had intended to reply 1 9 Ne6 , but at the l a st moment he discovered
20 N xd5 !

19 . . . e6 20 Na4 Na5

Had he p l ayed b5-b4 on move 17 , Bl ack would indubitably have

achieved a n excellent position . But now any recommendations border on the
problemat i c . I t seems t o me t h a t Bl ack m i g h t h ave gone in for t h e compli­
c ations a fter 20 . . . Nxe5 ! ? 2 1 Nc5 N xg4 22 N xd7 Nxe3 , and 'llherever the
White queen retreat s , Black h a s definite compensation for his materi a l .

2 1 Nc5 Qe8 2 2 Be2 Nb7

1 would have preferred 22 . . . Nc4 , g iving up a pawn but getting a

valuable support point for the knight in return . The v a r i a tion 23 Bxc4 dxc4
24 Qxc4 N d5 25 Bf2 ( 25 Qd3 may be stronger ) h5 ! 26 h4 Qc6 looks wholly
acceptable to Black .

23 Nxb7 Rxb7 24 Rdc1 Qd7 25 Rc2 b3?

A g a i n the b-pawn ! B l ack would h ave kept a somewhat inferior b ut

still wholly defensible position a fter 25 Rcb8 26 b3 ( otherwise the
a dvance . . . b4-b3 becomes quite strong ) NbS 27 Bxb5 Rxb5 . Black ' s 25th
a n d e specially h i s 26th move ( 26 . . . Rcb8 w a s e s senti a l ) cost him the game .

2 6 axb3 Rxb3 27 Qc1

T h i s s imple reply makes it clear that B l ack must lose m a j or m ater i a l .

R ight now , the a-pawn i s loose .

27 • • • Rb7 28 Ba6

An exchange plus and the active position of his p ieces g u a r a ntee

 Game Eleven 93

White ' s victory . .ft

K a rpov freq�ently slumped low and forwa r d , head sunk into both h a n d s
with fingers turned under a t their first j oint s . His face - except for
anguished eyes - w a s almost hidden . From t ime to time , he swallowed h a r d
a s though h i s mouth and t h r o a t w e r e exce ssively dry .
Korchnoi , on the other h a n d , appeared very much at ease tonight . He
munched h i s chocolate and downed h i s hot tea with greater vigor and more
obvious plea sure then heretofore . Most important of a l l , however , he seemed
b l i ssfully unaware of Dr . Zoukhar ' s pre sence in the dimly-l ighted auditorium .
That worthy , p l anted throughout the entire s e s s ion in seventh row right ,
wore d a rk g l a sses of h i s own . I f t h i s w a s a ploy intended t o upset Korch­
noi , it didn ' t work . Actually , Viktor ' s g l a s s e s rested on the table more and
were worn less t h i s evening t h a n during any previous g ame .
.ft The concluding p a rt of the game i s clear without commentary . .ft
28 Rcb8
• • . 29 Bxb7 Rxb7 30 Ra3 h6 31 Rac3 NbS 32 ReB+ Kh7
33 R2c6 f6 34 Kg2 Qf7 35 Qc2 aS 36 g4 fxe5 37 fxe5 a4 38 Ra8 Na7
39 Ra6 Qe7 40 Rxa4 Rc7 41 Qb3 Nc6 42 R a l Nb4 43 Rcl Rc4 44 Rb8 Rxcl
'
45 Bxcl Qc7 46 Rxb4 Qxcl 47 Qd3 h5 48 Rb6 Bh6 49 gxh5 Qg5+ 50 Qg3
Qd2+

Here , Arbiter Schmid brought a sealed move envelope to the table a s

t h e end o f t h e fifth hour neare d . Korchnoi accepted t h e envelope b u t delib-
e r ately wrote his " s e a l e d move" in the ope n .

5 1 Qf2

Upon seeing thi s , Karpov said "1 wish to resign" and stopped the
clock . T imes used 3 : 16 - 1 : 4 1 .

As we departed the h a l l together , Schmi d s a i d : "Well , t h i s way there

was no worry about how a draw offer would be m a de . "
"And I accepted the offen se , " Korchnoi quipped l ater , i n reference to
Karpov ' s having spoken d i rectly to h im .

* *

I had attended the cockta i l p arty hosted by the management of the

Terraces P l aza a fter Karpov ' s win in game eight ; now protocol dictated t h a t ,
to maintain my even-handed attitude toward the two sides , I should attend
the celebration which followed the initial win by Korchnoi . A h , the rew ards
of being a Neutral Member of the J ury !
The s taff a t the P ines Hotel was j ub i l a n t upon l e a rn ing of Viktor ' s
v ictory . R e s i dent manager Rene Wanner ( Sw i s s ! ) offered to host a l arge
p a rty , an offer which Korchnoi politely refuse d . " l t ' s j u s t one win , there is
no rea son yet for a big celebration . P lease , " he told Rene , "j ust a nice ,
quiet dinner . "
And t h a t ' s what i t w a s , a secluded dinner in the Swi s s Grill a t the
P ines . Manager Wanner had the restaurant kept open after normal hours to
ensure privacy for Korchnoi , P e t r a Leeuwerik , and second s Keene , Stea n , and
M urey . Murray Chandler ( New Z e a l a n d ) and I were the lucky out siders who
enjoyed steak and champagne with the Challenger ' s delega tion .
Champagne? For everyone else , but not for Viktor . He ate very
l ightly , too , and his subdued m anner a ffected the entire group . His obvious
r e a l i z a tion was that this w i n only tied the score and there remained a long
and difficult road ahea d .
Following t h e m a i n course , Viktor allowed t h e telev i s ion and newspaper
people to i n terrupt for about ten minute s . He h a d l ittle to say , except that
he w a s too t ired to s a y every much . The fatigue showed in h i s face , his
94 Game Eleven

eyes were p uffy , and now ( more than two hours after the g ame had ende d ) he
seemed to suffer a letdown following the spell of exuberance generated by the
win.
R aymond Keene and M ichael Stea n revealed t h a t only t h e first three
moves of tonight ' s opening had been specifically planne d . Beyond that , idea
v ar i a t ions had been discus sed ; no attempt to foretell how K a rpov would
respon d .

* * * * *

Boxes of fine cigars ( according to the smokers ) were ava ilable in the
P h i l ip p i ne s , p re p a re d to order with the purchaser ' s name on the cellophane
wrapper of each c i g a r . R aymond Keene had sent one of his ( vi a Lothar
Schm i d ) as a peace offering to Viktor B aturinsky . It was delivered to the
doughty Colonel on August 1 1th , together w ith a copy of the following letter
( wh ich was written p r ior to Korchnoi ' s w in ) .

Pines Hotel
A ugust 1 0 , 1 9 78
Dear L oth ar,
I u nderstan d th a t members of the Soviet Delegation felt hurt by a
commen t a scrib ed to me a t the start of the 8th game, �,o.'hen Karpov refu sed
the tra dition a l h a n dsh ake with Viktor Korchnoi.
I confess th a t I heartily disapproved of th is gesture, which I regarded
as a p sychologi c a l p loy to disturb Korchnoi, and I made a numb er of
remarks in the heat of the momen t which I now rea l ize will only emb itter a n
a lready tense a tmosphere .
A l though I do n ot condone the decision to eschew the ha ndshake, I m
no way wish to in sult the person of the World Champion or cast any asper­
sions on h is person a l h a b its . I would b e grateful if you would therefore
inform Mr. Karpov or Mr. Baturinsky tha t I now consider any offensive
remarks to be withdra wn . I do th is in a spirit which regards person a l
insult a n d acrimony a s a n unnecessary a djunct t o a ma tch for the World
Chess Championship .

Best wishes,
(Origina l signed)
RA YMOND KEENE

On August 12 , Colonel Baturinsky h a d a reply del ivered to Keene at the

P ines Hotel . No lette r , simply a bar of soap from the Terraces P l aza w ith
"Viktor B aturinsky" inked on the wrapper .
Almost everyon e , including R a y Keene , thought this showed a good
sense of humor on B aturin sky ' s p a rt . By Sunday , August 1 3 , tension between
the two c amps w a s considerably rela xed in compa r i son t o the previous week s .
 GAME TWEL VE

Tuesday, 1 5th August

Karpov played poorly in game eleven and , a s widely expected ,

requested a postponement of the encounter which w a s orig inally scheduled for
Saturday the 12t h . Both s i des no doubt welcomed the four days of rest ,
recuperation , and l e isurely review of a n a l y s i s thus afforde d .
Almost perpetual r a i n s beset t h e P h i l ippines th roughout t h e ent ire
break , so no one followed through on their p l a ns to get out of the mounta i n s
and s p e n d a d a y o r t w o a t t h e s e a shore . I n stead , Anatoly enj oyed an
occ a s ional set of tennis on an indoor court at the Green V a l ley Country Club
and a l so displayed h i s skill at b i l l i ards . H i s usual opponent w a s h i s
p h y s i c a l traine r , Valery Krylov .
Viktor , too , played a variety of tennis - table tennis - at the B a g u io
Country Club . His customary opponent , after they had j ogged around the
s qu i s hy two-mile perimeter of the golf course , was M ichael Ste a n .
M ig uel N a j dorf departed for home a n d Grandma ster Oscar P anno checked
i n at the P ines Hotel , in accordance with an agreement that they would
rotate a s correspondents for El Clarin , Argentina ' s b igge st-circulation news­
p a pe r . Also per an earl ier arrangement , P anno now j oined the Korchnoi
group as an unoffici a l second . With Murray Chandler serving s i m i l arly ,
t h a t m a de five "che s s helpers" for Viktor .
On Monday , I wandered over to the P ines ( greater activity than at the
more sedate Terraces P laza ) for a late l unch . Petra and Ray w aved and
sugge sted that I J Oln the Korchnoi g roup at its specially and permanently
reserved table in the co f fee shop . After an hou r , all had departed except
for Viktor , Y a s h a Murey , and m e . T h e n a new arrival j oined us a n d Viktor
introduced him as his h itherto " secret weapon" , Dr . Vladimir M . Bergine r .
Dr . Berg iner h a d a r r ived barely i n t ime for g ame eleven a n d w a s moved
i n to the P ines a s yet another member of the Korchnoi camp . Born and
trained in the U SSR , he had emigrated to I s rael five years ago and was now
on the st aff of the Ben Gurion U n iversity Hosp i t a l in Beersheba . A neurol­
ogist by profe s sion and also a Doctor of P h ilosophy .
So each c amp had a parap sychologi s t n amed Vla dimi r ; we could hence­
forth witness two encounters simultaneously - K vs K on the s t a g e , V vs V
in the a u dienc e .

* * * *

Five minutes before g ame time , Dr . Bergine r seated himself in the

fourth row left . U n aware of h i s pre sence , D r . Zoukhar entered shortly after-
ward and took a seat in the seventh row left .

95
96 Game Twelve

Korchnoi , first player to ente r , went straight to the table ; he studi-

ously ignored h i s opponent ' s arriva l , a policy which he h a d a dhered to ever
s ince Karpov refused to s h ake hands before the eighth game .

Karpov-Korchnoi
Ruy Lopez - Open Variation

ft The fifth week saw Champ ion and Challenger begin another match , this
o n e to f i v e w i n s .

1 e4 e5 2 Nf3 Nc6 3 Bb5 a6 4 Ba4 Nf6 5 0-0 Nxe4 6 d4 b5 7 Bb3

d5 8 dxe5 Be6 9 Qe2

Everyone h a s come to expect that the Open R uy will be played in the

even-numbered games of this m atch . Although the l a s t two encounters , in
which 9 Nbd2 w a s p l aye d , brought Karpov the opening advantage and one and
a h a l f point s , t h i s t ime he chooses a different continuation . 9 Qe2 w a s a
favorite we apon of the g i fted grandma ster/theoretician P aul Kere s , who scored
many convincing wins with i t . Up until move 1 6 , the game follows recom­
mended theory .

9 Be7
• • . 10 Rd1 0-0 11 c4 bxc4 12 Bxc4 Bc5 13 Be3 Bxe3 14 Qxe3
Qb8 15 Bb3 N a5 16 Ne1

Korchnoi ' s next move is stronger t h a n 16 Nxb3 17 axb3 Qb6

18 Qxb6 cxb6 1 9 b4 , when White has a clear a dv antage in the endgame .

16 • . . Qb6 17 Qxb6 cxb6 18 f3 Nxb3 19 axb3 Nc5 20 b4 Nd7 21 Nd3

Another pos s i b i l ity w a s 21 Nc3 . Desp ite the exchange of queen s ,

White ' s position still looks preferable .

21 . . . g5

After thi s , Black ' s troubles multiply . Both 21 . . . d4 and 21 . . . aS

would h ave a llowed h im chances for g r a d u a l equal ity . B ut now the weakening
of h i s k i ng si de ( the f6 square , among others ) will cause him a lot of
trouble .

22 Nc3 Rfc8 23 Nf2

Another pos s i b i l ity w a s the sh arp and committing 23 g4 , intending to

t r a n s fer the knight eventually from c3 to d4 - or , if the d-pawn a dvance s ,
to e4 . Of course , in that c a se Black could get counterplay by playing 23 . . .
a S . Ka rpov p refers not to weaken h i s k ingside . The l i n e 23 NxeS
 Game Twelve 97

24 Nxd5 Bxd5 25 Rxd5 f6 26 Ne4 is quite a l l right with him . Korchnoi may
h ave counted on h i s next move .

23 . . . d4

To t h i s White quickly replied

24 Be2 !

Here the Challenger s ank into deep concentr a t ion . Now the exchange of
central p awns with 24 N xe5 25 Nxd4 l e a d s to nothing good for Black .
Even at be s t , he would end up with a weakness on e6 .

24 . . . d3

P erhaps the only move .

25 Nxd3 Bc4

The critical moment of the g ame . White h a s an extra pawn at e5 ,

although it is wea k . He might have tried to hold onto his material a dvan­
t a g e with 26 f4 , which incre a ses the scope of the Black b i s hop . Then the
pawn a dvantage woul d be very h a rd to c ap ital ize upo n .
l n t h e pre s s room , 2 6 N c 3 w a s con s idered White ' s strongest continuat ion .
The immediate attempt to reestabl i s h material pa rity - 26 . . . Bxd3 27 Rxd3
Nxe5 28 Rd5 f6 - would l e a d , after 29 R d6 , to very da ngerous con sequence s .
A s Ka rpov expla ined after the g ame , h e rejected the move 26 Nc3 because of
the subtle reply�6 . , , . f16 ! , when Black somehow holds on after 27 Ne4 Bxd3
__

28 Rxd3 Nxe5 (-2.2_ _ Rd5 f6·. Seeking to prevent 26 . . . h6 , White played the
knight to a different square .

26 Ng3

Now . . . h7-h6 doe sn ' t work , on account of 27 N f5 ; but the c-file

remains open , so B l ack i s not obl iged to defend the p awn at g 5 .

26 • • • Bxd3 27 Rxd3 Nxe5 2 8 Rd5 Ng6

Here ' s the point . I f he w a n t s to play for the win , White must allow
the opposing rook onto i_ts seventh rank .

29 Rxg5 Rc2 30 b3 Rb2 31 Nf5

After twenty minute s ' though t , Karpov preferred t h i s move to the

obvious 3 1 h4 . The a dv ance of the wing pawn would have fores t a l l e d the
exchange of knight s , but a fter 31 . . Kf8 •32 h5 Nf4 ! ( now 32 . . . Ne7 i s
98 Game Twelve

m a rkedly i nferior due to 33 Ne4 ) , Black m a i n t a i n s the b a l a nce .

31 • • • Rxb3 32 h4 Kf8 33 h5 Ne7 34 Nxe7

Now any attempt to �omp l ic ate would involve considerable risk , s i nce
the a dv ance of Black ' s queen s ide pawns would come much faster than White ' s
att ack on the k i n g . A draw nea r s .

34 • • • Kxe7 35 Re1+ Kf8 36 Re4 aS 37 Reg4 Ke7 38 bxa5 Rxa5 3 9 h6

White succeeds in winning a pawn for a short time , but this cannot
affect the outcome of the g ame .
39 R g 7 Rxh5 40 R f4 Ke6 41 Rfxf7 R b 1+ 42 Kf2 Rb2+ 43 Kg3 Rg5+ i s
n o t dangerous to B l ack eithe r . ft

39 Rxg5 40 Rxg5 b5 41 Rg7 Rbl+ 42 Kh2 Rd1 43 Rxh7 Rd8

44 Rg7

A s Ka rpov made this 44th move , he offered a draw b y s peaking directly

to his opponent . Korchnoi , serious about not counten ancing p l ayer-to-player
communication , mutely nodded toward Schmid as an indication that Karpov
should make his offer through the Chief Arb ite r . Ana toly , probably angered
by thi s , stalked off.
Viktor then sealed h i s 44th move , an action wh ich - under the Laws of
Chess - amounted to a refusal of the draw .
Schmid came to the table for the sealed move envelope and Korchnoi
attempted to prote st that Ka rpov had disturbed him by his "i ncorrect way" of
offering a draw . As Schmid charmingly exp l a i ned it later : " You k now , he
speaks R u s s i a n a n d my home language i s Germ a n ; we got confused in Eng­
l i sh . " Whateve r , Lothar misunderstood a n d thought that Viktor h a d now
offered a draw in connection with the j ust-sealed move .
T h a t s ame night , through B a t urinsky , Schmid offered the draw to
Karpov . I t w a s accepted j u s t before noon the next day and Schmid c a rried
the good news to Korchnoi at the P ines Hotel .
"Draw? What draw ? " s a i d Viktor ! But rather than put the decent a n d
alre ady-emba r r a s sed Lothar i n a n e v e n tougher spot , an a m u s e d Korchnoi let
matters s t a n d . Officially , therefore , it went i n the record books a s a draw
offered by Korchnoi ; however , it w a s actually another record for world
championship play - the only t ime that a draw w a s tendered by an Arbiter .

44 • • • Rh8 , the sealed move ; draw n . Times used 2 : 3 1 - 2 : 34 .

I ncident ally , neither pl ayer gave the s l i ghtest sign during t h i s game
t h a t he was aware of the attendance of either p a r a p sychologi s t .
 GAME THIR TEEN

Thursday and Sunday, 1 7th and 20th August

Korchnoi and Karpov c ame on three and two minutes e a rl y , respectivel y .

E ach s a t immediately at the board a n d the audience w a s treated t o a study
in how to avoid looking at another man facing you across a table only t h ree
feet w ide . Mostly it w a s accompli shed by scrupulously inspecting the pieces
and centering each one exactly on its s qu a re .
What a relief it w a s when Sch m i d s tarted the clock !

Korchnoi-Karpov
Queen ' s Gambit Declined

1 c4 Nf6 2 Nc3 e6 3 Nf3 d5 4 d4 Be7 5 Bg5 h6 6 Bh4 0-0 7 Rcl

ft A change from the first game ' s 7 e3 . ft

Dr . Zouk h a r ( if there h a d been a gentleman ' s agreement ) cheated a wee
bit by a dvancing to the s i xth row . Dr . Berginer was in row four and there
h a d not as yet been any v i s i b l e cros sing of swords ( gl a nces ) .

7 . . . b6 8 Bxf6 Bxf6 9 cxd5 exd5 10 g3

ft T h i s order of move s , with the t ra des on f6 and d5 followed by the

k i n g ' s b ishop fianchetto , often occurs in the games of Grandmaster Oscar
P anno , who came to Baguio both as a correspondent and a s one of the Chal­
lenger ' s a s si s t a nt s . I n my opinion , this setup prom i ses White l ittle .

10 . . . c6 1 1 Bg2 Bf5

The best development ; b ishop to f5 , queen to d6 , and the rest of the

p ieces a s circumstances dict a t e .

1 2 0-0 Qd6 13 e 3 N d 7 14 Ne1 Rfe8 15 Nd3

( see next diagra� )

15 . . . g6

T h i s i sn ' t b a d , but the active 15 . . . h5 w a s a l so poss ibl e . Karpov

w a n t s to provoke the advance of the g-pawn , expecting t h a t the weakening of

99
100 Game T h irteen

White ' s k i ngside will tel l . He ends up being right , but at w h a t cost !

16 Nf4 Bg7 17 g4

There doe s n ' t seem to be any other active play for White .

17 . . . Be6 18 h3 Nf8 19 Nxe6

Black ' s b i shop was all ready to retre at and let the knight take its
place .

19 . . . Nxe6 20 Qd3 Rad8?

Here Black should have played more deci s ively : 20 . . . Qe7 . F rom
there the queen might go to h4 , setting up uncomfortable pre s s ure on White ' s
king side . In a dd ition , the break . . . f7-fS goes on the agenda .

21 Rc2 Nc7 22 Na4 Qd7 23 b3 Re6?

I t ' s hard to agree w ith t h i s dec i s ion . On d6 , which i s where the rook
is headed , it will be p a s s ively p l a c e d . B l ack also cuts off his guard from
the b4 s quare . 23 . . . NbS w a s bette r . ft
The Soviets h a d apparently identified Berg iner , as two of their " s pec­
t ators" s e a ted themselves j us t to h i s r ig h t . I f Zouk h a r can be surround e d ,
w h y not Berginer? ( A silly game , th i s o n e of musical chairs . )

24 Nc3 Rd6 2S b4 Bf8 26 Ne2 b5?

ft The pote n t i a l threat of b4-bS is unpleasant for B l ack . Here , however ,

control of cS i s more important that control of c4 .

27 Qb3

White prepares a2-a4 , simultaneously freeing d3 for the knight , from

which square it may become active in v a r ious directions .

27 Na8 28 a4 bxa4

28 a6 29 aS is completely passive. On the other hand , Black ' s

position h a s dangers now , t o o . ft

29 Qxa4 Nb6 30 Qb3 Rb8

While thinking on h i s 3 1 st move , Korchnoi acted a l ittle odd . After

cradling his head first in one hand and then the other , he shook it as
though to clear away the cobwebs . Next , he sort of poked himself j us t in
 Game T h i rteen 101

front of his right ear and looked very briefly into the a udience . Why?

3 1 Nf4 Nc4 32 Qa4 f5?

And now Karpov put both hands to h i s face , hiding everyth ing below
h i s eye s . Then Korchnoi shook his head twice , g rimacing slightl y . Anatoly
retreated to his dressing room for a short t ime .
ft T rue to h i s tactic s , with the t ime control nearing Ka rpov seeks to
comp l icate the game . Here t h i s looks dangerou s , since the Black k i n g si de
a l so becomes vulnerable . 32 Rb5 should have been g i ven con s iderat ion ,
intending a quick a7-a 5 .
. . •

33 gxf5 Qxf5 3 4 Qxa7 Rxb4 35 Ra2

Threatening 3 6 Qc7 , bringing in the rook as well . B l ack is forced

completely onto the defensive .

35 . • • Qc8 36 Rcl Rb7 37 Qa4?

37 Qa6 ! was stronge r ; Black would not have found it e a sy to get out
o f the pin .

37 • • . Rf7 38 Rxc4

T h i s may be the only way to keep the init i at ive . C l e a rl y , with a pawn
for the exchange White i s risking noth ing . ft
For the twelve minutes it took him to make t h i s move , Korchnoi ' s left
hand - hidden from Ka rpov beneath the table ' s edge - kept every finger
going nervously ; up and dow n , one at a t ime in quick rot a t ion , touching
only air. A recently-acquired habit which seemed symptomatic of tension or
extreme une a s ine s s .

38 . • . dxc4 3 9 Qxc4 Qf5 40 Nd3 Bg7

ft Here the game w a s adjourned . The pos i t ion i s tense and s t i l l unple a s a n t
for Black . Korchnoi thou ght for 4 0 minutes over h i s s e a l e d move , finally
�
selecting the most natural conti nuation . ft
There w a s no rational explan ation for the fact that Korchnoi took 40
minutes to seal h i s next move . He thus left h imself - in a very complex
position - with only 20 minutes in which to make 15 moves to the next con­
trol point ( move 56 ) .
With t h i s stumbling block in h i s path , Korchnoi next day compounded an
a l ready dubious s i t u at ion by deferring resumption of the g ame for 48 addi­
t ional hour s . Keene a n d Ste an told t h e pre ss t h a t t h i s delay would allow
the Korchnoi team to seek out the most decisive l i n e s in i t s effort to convert
the adj ourned position into a win for Korchno i . Obviously , however , the
s ame was true for the other side ; why make a g i ft to the Karpov team of
two extra day s for analy s i s ?
Game fourteen w a s begun o n schedule in t h e interval between ses sions o f
g ame thirtee n . I t w a s a dj ourned w i t h Korchnoi in a lost position , which left
him in a poor frame of mind - facing a "must w i n " situ ation - when play in
t h i s game w a s finally resumed .
For the pl ay-off s e s s ion , D r . Zoukh a r moved u p t o the right s ide o f row
five and w a s undeniably within Korchnoi ' s range of vision . For that matter ,
D r . Berg iner in the fourth row w a s l ikewise discernible to both players .
I g noring the st ipul a t ion t h a t they should remain in the area set aside for
the Korchnoi Delegation , P etra Leeuwerik and Y a s h a Murey a l so came to row
fou r . Whereupon va rious Soviets reinforced Zoukhar by occupying fourth and
fifth row se a t s . W a s a melee threatene d , o r wou l d they a l l s i t together i n
102 Game T h i rteen

controlled anger? Chief M a r s h a l Hola zo worriedly conferred w ith Schm i d ;

they decided a g a i n st creating the even greater disturb ance which would
surely have resulted had they attempted action against the opposing group s .

4 1 R a 7 ( sealed move )

ft B l ack would a l so have had comp l ic ated problems to solve after 41 Nb4
or 4 1 f4 .

41 . • • Rdf6 !

The endgame after 4 1 . . . Qe6 42 Qxe6 Rxe6 43 R a6 ! , with the threat

of d4-d5 , is very dangerous . So Black tries for counterp l a y .

42 Rxf7

42 Rb7 sets a curious trap , 42 . . . Kh7 43 e4 . However , by continuing

42 . . . Bf8 43 Rxf7 Rxf7 44 Ne5 Qxf2+ 45 K h 1 B d6 46 Nxf7 Qxf7 47 Qxc6
Qc7 ! , B l ack forces the exchange of queens and a drawi s h opposite-colored
b i shop endgame .

42 . . • Rxf7 43 d5

l bel ieve B l a ck ' s t a sk would h ave been more difficult after the simple
capt ure on e6 .

43 . . . Be5

From here the bi shop guards c7 and al so observes the kingside . The
line 44 Qxc6 Qxd3 45 Qe8+ R f8 46 Qxe5 Qd1+ doe s not worry B l a c k . ft
Ka rpov ( not Korchnoi ! ) kept looking out tow a r d the audience . W a s he
either di sturbed or - possibly - amused by the s ilent confrontation in rows
four a n d five?
Korchnoi thought for so long here that one thing became obvious ; he
and h i s seconds h a d not a nticipated Black ' s 43rd move .

44 dxc6 Kg7 45 Be4

Only seven minutes rema ined for h i s next 1 1 move s .

ft T o j udge from everyth ing , Korchnoi h a d not foreseen Black ' s clever re­
grouping in h i s analys i s . Otherwise it i s h a r d to exp l a i n why he squan­
dered more than h a l f h i s rema in ing time con s i dering his 45th move . Clearly ,
White ' s only hope for succe s s l i e s in the a dvance of his center p awns . How­
eve r , the l ine 45 f4 Bc7 46 e4 Qa5 ! 47 Qd4+ Kh7 48 e5 h5 l e a d s to a
position White c a nnot improve . Nor is 45 e4 Qh5 very b a d for Black ; his
queen g e t s to e2 . Korchnoi decides to stretch t h e g ame to t h e next time con-
E d E dmo n d s on l o o k s o v e r M i k h a i l T a l ' s s h o u l der
during an al y s i s at B a g u i o C i t y . ( V . P . )

Ana t o l y K arp ov , F I DE P r e s i d ent E uw e , and

the P h i l i pp i n e s ' P r e s i d en t Mar c o s s t an d f o r
t h e " I nt e rnat i on a l e . " U S S R Amb a s s a d o r
M i kh a i l o v ( fa r r i g ht ) g l a r e s a t t h e s e a t e d
V i k t o r K o r c hn o i and P e t r a L e euw e r i k . ( V . P . )
" ,.

r If - ,. - ,

, - - �·

Ko rchno i , in h i s s p e c i a l c ha i r , l o om e d o v e r
K a rp o v . ( V . P . )

A p e r fu n c t ory h and s h a k e p r e c e d e d t h e e a r ly
e n c o unt e r s . ( V . P . )
" H e l p , " K a rpov s e em e d to s ay a s h e t e s t e d
a new c u s h i o n i n h i s cha i r . ( V . P . )

Ab out t o m a k e h i s 5 t h move in Game F our .

(V. p . )
Dur ing anal y s i s , K o r c hno i j oy fu l l y s t r e s s e s
a p o int t o S t e an . ( P . S . )

" Cu dd l e s " B a t u r in s ky , in a q u i e t mome n t .

(D.W.)
 The s tare . . . . (V. P . )

. . . . and t h e d e f en s i ve d e v i c e . (V. P . )
K o r c hn o i , h i s h a n d s h a k e r e fu s e d p r i o r t o
G am e E i gh t , wa s s tunn e d b y the veh em en c e
w i t h wh i c h K a r p o v u t t e r e d " N ev e r . Never
w i l l I s h a k e h an ds w i t h y o u . " ( V . P . )

V i k t o r t u r n e d mut e l y t o t h e a rb i t e r b u t
d i d n o t v e rb a l i z e no r p e r s i s t in h i s
prote s t . A t l e a s t pa r t ly b e c au s e o f t h a t ,
S chm i d t o o k n o a c t i o n exc ept t o s t a r t t h e
clock . (V. P . )
E dmond s o n , C ampomane s , and K a r pov ; a
s e r i o u s d i s c u s s i o n dur ing t h e c e l eb r a t i on
w h i c h f o l l ow e d G ame E i g h t ? ( V . P . )

D r . Z oukh ar d i d n o t r e l i s h t h e s p o t l i g h t .
(V. P . )
K a rpov ab o u t t o s e a t h im s e l f f o r t h e s t ar t
o f G a m e T en . ( V . P . )

C h i e f Arb i t e r S c hm i d in a r a r e moment - - no
p rob l ems . ( D . W . )
 K a rpov r e s i g n s G ame E l even . (V. P . )

E dm o nd s o n , o n an i mp u l s e , c l app e d h an d s t o
e a r s j u s t a s an o f f i c i a l pho t o g r ap h w a s t o b e
s n appe d . L im and Ma l ch e v r e a c t e d i n s t an t l y
a n d t h i s s h o t o f t h e Th r e e W i s e Monkeys
resulted . T h e imp l i c a t i o n o f de a fne s s , dumb ­
n e s s , and b l in dn e s s w a s n o t , h ow e ve r , en t i r e ly
humo r o u s ; a t one t ime o r ano t h e r , the Jury ' s
f in d i ng s ( o r no n- f i n d i n g s ) p u z z l e d j u s t a b o u t
e v e ry o ne . (V. P . )
G r andma s t e r s S ch m i d and F i l i p t r i e d n o t t o
l augh a s t h ey w a t c h e d E dmond s o n a n d C amp oman e s
p l ay s k i t t l e s . (V . P . )

Ana t o l y enj o y e d h i s ind o o r t enn i s a t t h e G r e en

Val l ey C ountry C l ub . ( V . P . )
V i k t o r j o g g e d r e gu l a r ly at t h e B a g u i o C ou n t ry
C l ub . ( V . P . )

V i k t o r p l ay e d t ab l e t enn i s o ft en a t the B a gu i o
C oun t ry C l ub . ( V . P . )
A resolute Korchnoi has j us t d e l ivered h i s
u l t i m a t um a t t h e s t a r t o f Game S event e e n .
C amp oman e s an d F i l i p c o nf e r ; L a r a l i s t e ns in .
(V. p . )

Ko rchno i , w i t h P e t r a a t h i s s i d e , in the Man i l a

H o t e l a f t e r G am e S even t e en . " Why s h o u l d I g o
b a c k t o B a g u i o C i t y - - ex c ep t t o g e t m y t h i n g s ? "
(D.W. )
A l ov e l y F i l ip in a d anc e r v i s i t e d w i th K a rpov
a t the t ab l e of honor o n 4 t h S e p t emb e r . ( V . P . )

" Lo o k Ma , I ' m danc ing" s a i d Dr . Z o ukhar o n

4 t h S ep t emb e r . ( D . W . )
W a i t ing f o r V i k t o r - - w h o w a s c a u g h t n app ing .
(V. P . )

R e s uming G am e Twen t y - N in e . (P . S . )
 V i k t o r a n d P e t r a ; a qu i e t moment in t h e
g r o un d s o f t h e L au r e l v i l l a . ( P . S . )

V i k t or d em o n s t r a t e s f o r the me d i a an e x e r c i s e
r e c e n t l y l e a rn e d f r om t h e w a t ch i n g D a d a and
Did i . ( V . P . )
On 1 9 th O c t ob e r , Karpov r e l ax e d a t t h e
b e ach e s o f B au ang , L a Un i o n , a t w o - h o u r d r i v e
f r om B a g u i o C i t y . H e r e t h e Wo r l d C h amp i o n ,
h o p e fu l l y r e j uven a t e d b y t h i s c l e an s i n g
c o n t a c t w i t h n a t u r e , emer g e s f r o m t h e s e a .
(V. P . )

G r andma s t e r K e en e i n t h e p r e s s l oung e ; a
r a r e qu i e t moment . ( D . W . )
 Game Thirteen 103

trol by making neutral moves , hoping he c a n then find a way to strengthen

his position . He succeeds only i n the first half of his goa l .

45 • • • Qg5+ 46 Kfl Bd6 47 Bd5 Re7 48 Bf3 h5

T aking away the g square , j u s t in c a se ; t h i s also lets the Black k ing

b reathe a l ittle e a s ier .

49 Bdl Qf5 50 Ke2 Re4 51 Qc3+ Qf6 52 Qb3 Qf5

Ka rpov spent about 40 m inutes on t h i s move . Black dec i d e s that he

may , if allowed , p l ay for the win . T rue , White h a s the draw now ( 53 Qc3+ ) ,
but in t ime pres sure Korchnoi makes four other moves with h i s queen - and
the l a st of these proves fat a l . I should point out that White would not have
h a d an easy g ame to play anyway , a fter losing the h-p a w n . ft
Korchnoi ' s left hand intermittently "j ittered" below the table and he h a d
l e s s than 2 m inutes left for h i s next 4 moves .

53 Qb7+ Re7 54 Qb2+ Kh7 55 Qd4 Bc7 56 Qh4?? Re4 !

ft The trap i s sprung . I n order to save h i s queen , White is forced into

a fatal weakening of the e3 square . ft
White h a d made the time control but committed a horrible blunder in
the proce s s .

57 f4 Bb6 58 Bc2

Viktor occa s ion ally gulped for a i r and appeared t o be in a state of

almost phy s i c a l shock . Petra abruptly departed from the h a l l ; couldn ' t
s t a n d the p a i n ?
ft Allows an elegant finale . After 58 Ne5 Rxe3+ 59 Kd2 Qe6 , Black also
w i n s in a few move s .

58 • • • Rxe3+ 59 Kd2 Qa5+ 60 Kdl Qal+ 6 1 Kd2 Re4 and White resigne d .
Times used 3 : 58 - 3 : 56 . ft

After signing the scoresheet s , Korchnoi cross to h i s onstage e a sy c h a i r

and s a t for a moment , unbe l i ev i n g . H i s i n s i stence upon t r y i n g to w i n had
b ackfired ! Then he clutched his thermos l ike a security blanket and walked
d isconsolately off to the dress ing room .
I t is doubtful that t h i s g ame would h a ve been a nything other t h a n a
draw if its res umption h a d not been delayed until after the fou rteenth en­
counter ; the postponement was a serious t actical error .

CS - H
 GAME FO UR TEEN

Saturday and Sunday, 1 9th and 20th August

P l ayed between the first and second ( postponed ) s e s s ions o f g ame

thirtee n .
At b runch on the 18th , P etra remarked that a s imilar delay in Belgrade
had i nfuriated Spas sky . Apparently the delay in B a guio City bothered
Ka rpov not i n the sl ightest .

Karpov-Korchnoi
Ruy Lopez - Open Variation

1 e4 e5 2 Nf3 Nc6 3 Bb5 a6 4 Ba4 Nf6 5 0-0 Nxe4 6 d4 b5 7 Bb3

d5 8 dxe5 Be6 9 c3 Bc5 10 Nbd2 0-0 11 Bc2 Bf5 12 Nb3 Bg4 13 h3

]: D iffering here from g ame two .

After h a l f an hour ' s thought , Korchnoi rejected the enormous ( and prob­
ably favorable to White ) complications resulting from 13 . . . Bxf3 . it
As Korchnoi pondered , Karpov on two occa s ions paced perhaps a dozen
times at the left edge of the stage .
D r . Zoukh a r in row four tonight and D r . Berginer in row seven ; pos­
itions reversed !
Karpov seemed the more at ease . Done p a c ing , he sat at the table and
swung slowly in t h i s c h a i r , left to right and back again . Korchnoi w aved
angrily at Schmid and compl aine d : "He i s swiveling in his c h a i r . " Schmi d
tol d m e l ater t h a t it would b e h a r d t o criticize the World Champion directly
for such a seemingly natural action , so he said to both : " I hope you will
please p l a y nicely . "
Ka rpov stopped swinging b ack a n d forth .

13 . . . Bh5

After moving , Korchnoi crossed to h i s armchair and spent two full

m inutes g azing intently into the audience . Surely he saw Dr. Zouk h a r , but
probably not D r . Berginer ( th ree rows farther b a ck ) .

14 g4 Bg6

]: In the Encyclopedia , this position is g iven as uncl e a r . Karpov ' s next

move c l a r ifies it considerably .

104
 Game Fourteen 105

15 Bxe4 dxe4 16 Nxc5 exf3 17 Bf4 Qxd1

Once a g a i n , Black s idesteps the complications occurring a fter 17 . . . Qe7

18 Qd5 and b a n k s on reaching a draw v i a the presence of opposite-colored
bishop s . But opposite-colored b ishop s do not g u a rantee a draw of themselves ;
furthermore , they c a n be eliminated .

18 Raxd1 Nd8 19 Rd7 Ne6 20 Nxe6

T he simplest . Now White need not worry about the e5 p aw n , and h i s

opponent w i l l soon be ensnare d . ft
Karpov paced constantly when it w a s Korch noi ' s turn to move . V iktor
fidgeted nervously .
Dr . Berginer s hifted forwa r d to row five ; Dr. Zouk h a r rema i n e d
immob ile in row fou r .
Krylov , Anatol y ' •s physical tra iner , took a s e a t in t h e front row .
( Supposedly reserved for V I P s . )
Another Soviet j oined Krylov ; Chief M a r s h a l Hol a zo spoke to them ,
whereupon they moved back a single row .
"Unfriendlies" eventually surrounded Dr . Bergine r .
Almost a s much went on in t h e audience t h i s evening a s at the board .

20 . • . fxe6 21 Be3 Rac8

ft B l ack ' s affairs would be no better after the exchange of a p a ir of

rooks by 21 . . . R f7 22 R fd 1 .

22 Rfd1 Be4 23 Bc5 Rfe8 24 R7d4

24 Kh2 w a s also possible , but K arpov didn ' t like h a ving h i s rook cut
off after 24 . . . B d5 .

24 . . . Bd5 25 b3 aS

T he only ch ance to demonstrate any activity at all .

26 Kh2 Ra8 27 Kg3 Ra6

27 a4 would h ave been more consi stent , a lthough in that event

28 c4 bxc4 29 bxc4 Bc6 30 Bb4 would have cut short Black ' s counterplay .

28 h4 Rc6
106 Game Fourteen

K a rpov appa rently had his exc h a n g e sacrifice rea dy a long while back .
Now it l e a d s to a decisive adv antage almost by force .

29 Rxd5 ! exd5 30 Rxd5 Rce6 31 Bd4 c6 32 ReS

White ' s rook h a s no move , but t he restriction i s temporary .

32 . . . Rf8?

Worthy of B l ack ' s consideration w a s 32 ... R d8 33 Kxf3 R d5 , although

White ' s chances rema i n better .

33 a4 bxa4 34 bxa4 g6 35 Rxa5 Ree8 36 Ra7

The most concise method . With the help of a slight tactical ope r a t ion
on move 38 , White activates his b i s hop - whereupon Black ' s pawn s , l ike
overripe frui t , fall one after a nother .

36 Rf7 37 Ra6 Rc7 38 Bc5 Rcc8 39 Bd6 Ra8 40 Rxc6 Rxa4

41 Kxf3 h5

With more than 40 minutes rem a ining on h i s clock , Karpov informed the
Arbiter t h a t he would seal h i s move - a very practical dec i s ion . ft
Late t h a t n ight , in the P ines lobby , P e t r a confided to frien d s t h a t
Viktor h a d been di sturbed throughout the session by Karpov ' s actions a n d b y
t h e pl acement of Dr . Zouk h a r a n d o t h e r Soviet s . However , no offic ial com­
p l a i n t w a s lodge d .
ft T h e followi n g day broug ht n o surp r i s e s whatsoeve r .
42 gxh5 gxh5 43 c4 Ra2 4 4 Rb6

White ' s next objective i s to shove h i s c-p awn all the way to the 8th .
 Game Fourteen 107

44 . . . Kf7 45 c5 Ra4 46 c6 Ke6 47 c7 Kd7 48 Rb8 Rc8

With one l a st hope : 49 e6+? Kxe6 50 Rxc8 Kxd6 , when Black will soon
obtain a drawn rook ending a g a i n s t f- and h-pawn s . T h i s i s nothing White
needs ; he c a n w i n , i n s te a d , with 49 Rxc8 Kxc8 50 e6 . Karpov takes a
d ifferent l ine ; he clears the f-pawn ' s w ay and at the same t ime sets a n
u n u s u a l trap for his oppone nt .

49 Ke3 Rxh4 50 e6+ !

An elegant conclu sion . F inding h imself with the choice of either 50 . . .

Kxd6 5 1 Rxc8 Rc4 52 R d8+ Kxc7 53 e7 or 50 . . . Kxe6 5 1 B g3 ! , Korchnoi
resigne d . Times used 2 : 48 - 2 : 54 .

Two victories i n a single evening ! Such a thing h a d never before

occurred in World Championship Matche s . Suddenly , the tempo of the en-
counter changed sharply - not to mention the score !
I n m atches to the maj ority of a specified number of g ames ( practically
speaking , t h a t ' s what the 1974 Ka rpov-Korchnoi Match w a s ) , the leader
strives to keep his l e a d . After three wins in the previous match , Karpov
w a s able to take a defens ive posture s ince each new draw brought him closer
to v ictory , where a s his opponent was obl iged to pre s s . Now , in a tough
unlimited match , a draw adds nothing - the l e a der , a s well a s the t r a i le r ,
i s obliged to w i n . True , Karpov w a s now b ut three w i n s away from victory ,
and h i s opponent - five . ft

* * *

What to believe?
For several week s , Petra Leeuwerik - claiming always to be the voice
of Korchnoi - had proclaimed that Dr. Zoukhar was at least distracting and
a t wor s t muddling the thoughts ( pos sibly by long-distance hypnosi s ) of the
Challenger . Viktor himself had frequently expressed s i m i l a r complaints to
Chief Arbiter Schmi d . Finally the org anizers had taken action a g a i n s t D r .
Zoukh a r , only to preci p i t a te a formal prote s t from the Worl d Champion . In
cons idering thi s , the · J ury h a d decided t h a t "mental disturbances" did not
fall w ithin the Arbiter ' s purview in connection with either the M atch Regul­
ations or the Laws of Che s s , Article 1 9 . 1 ( c ) . ( I t should be noted t h a t s a i d
articl e , strictly speaking , deals only with the conduct of the players ; it
doe s not cover a n y " d i s t r action o r annoyance" v is ited upon either or both
p l ayers by other persons . )
On Saturday the 1 9th , during the first sess ion of g ame fourteen ,
Korchnoi gave every appearance of being d i sturbed by someone or something .
W a s it by telepathy , hypnosi s , " mental rays" or any type of p a r ap sycho­
log i c a l influence emanating from Dr. Zoukha r ?
N o t i f a n y credence whatsoever coul d be placed in t h e most recent
pronouncement from M r s . Leeuwerik . On the morning of Sunday the 20th ,
prior to the play-offs of g ames thirteen and fourteen , Petra unequivocally -
and in a surprising contradiction to a l l t h a t h a d gone before - stated :
"Viktor is now convinced that neither Zoukhar nor Berginer can h ave any
effect upon a pl ayer during a g a me . "
A lthough Korchnoi h a d reque sted that D r . Berginer come here from
I s rael , that gentleman is now " making h imself a nuis ance to Viktor " , accor­
ding to P e t r a . He even cla imed to have hypnotize d Karpov into moving
slowly during g ame thirteen ' s initial s e s s ion . " R ubbish ! " , said P e tr a . "If
h e i s capable o f doing t h a t , why not do i t t o a degree which would c a u s e
Karpov t o overstep t h e t ime l i m i t ? And where w e r e h i s powers d u r i n g g ame
fourteen ? "
"And where were they during t h e two pl ay-off s ? " a neutral p arty might
ask.
108 Game Fourteen

On another front , Murray Chandler ( e arly Sunday afternoon ) ventured

his opinion t h a t Y a sh a Murey - although an excellent companion for Viktor -
often c ame up with weird i de a s in the open ing s . After the entire team
w a sted t ime analyzing those suggestion s , they were a lmost always proved
un sound and not used .
All in a l l , c a n Korchnoi surmount the friction and the distracting
problems w ithin his own camp , let alone the hurdles placed in h i s w a y by
Karpov and b y the Soviet Delegation?
 GAME FIFTEEN

Tuesday, 22nd August

There were t h ree e arthquakes y e s terday .

One occurred in the pre-dawn hours and registered j us t below 5 . 0 on
the R ichter scale . I t s epicenter w a s in the w i l d and mountainous region
about 30 m i l e s north of Baguio City . No inj uries nor serious property dam­
ages were reported , although the t remor quite noticeably shook both the
P ines and the Terraces P l a z a Hotel s . A story quickly made the rounds about
one close friend of Karpov ' s who came h a l f awake to the sensation of his bed
s h aking beneath him and a l amp s t a n d clattering on its corner table . Attri­
buting the whole quea sy experience to a h angover from the vodk a which had
flowed so plentifully on Sunday n ight , he rolled ove r w ithout another thought
and was soon b ack in dre a m l a n d .
The second b e g a n a t 7 : 30 pm when the Terraces P l a za management
hosted another p arty to mark Karpov ' s progre s s . A t h ree-tiered c ake this
t ime , a n d enough champagne to fully rekindle the celebratory spirit which
the double w i n had fired up in the j ub i l a n t Soviets the evening before .
However , the shock waves from t h i s e a rthshaking p a rty traveled no farther
than a quarter of a mile from the Terrace s .
The third l a sted for approxim ately two hours a n d w a s at first felt only
within the P ines Hote l . In his seventh floor s uite , Viktor Korchnoi met
privately with V l a di m i r Bergine r . No one e l s e knows exactly w h a t w a s s a i d ,
b ut t h i s shock wave eventually c arried the doctor all the way back to
I s rael . Commencing with g ame fiftee n , he w a s seen no more in Baguio City .
One h a r d result of Bergine r ' s soj ourn here w a s the shattering of what­
ever b rittle peace-keeping arrangement had been forged earl ier by Chief
Org a n i zer Campomanes . "I don ' t see why Dr. Zoukhar should not be free to
sit in the fourth row i f he so de s i re s , " said Colonel B at u rinsky . "There
were some people in that row during recent games - people whom Karpov
didn ' t l ike - but the World Champion is not making any compl aint . "
Actually , D r . Zouk h a r s a t only a s far forw ard a s the fifth row during
t h i s g ame . P e t r a Leeuwerik and Y a s h a Murey , however , were in and out of
row fou r .

Korchnoi-Karpov
Catalan Opening

1 c4 Nf6 2 Nc3 e6 3 Nf3 d5 4 d4 Be7 5 g3

:fi: Having achieved nothing with the Queen ' s Gambit Declined and the

109
1 10 Game F i fteen

Nimzo- l ndian Defence , the Challenger changes his opening program . Now it ' s
the Catal an ' s turn , with a move order previously seen in other Korchnoi
games - among others , in his 1 977 Quarter-Fi n a l M atch with P et rosi a n .

5 • • • 0 -0 6 Bg2 dxc4

Black h a s serious intentions ( afte r 7 0-0 , for example ) of p l a y i n g t o

hold the g ambit p a w n . White ' s n e x t move i s cons i dered to be h i s stron g e s t .

7 Ne5 Nc6

Although the idea behind t h i s cont i n u a t ion i s not new , it h a s not been
p l ayed in precisely this situation before . Black not only g ives back h i s
extra p aw n , h e i s ready to g ive up material h i m s e l f . ft
Karpov paced for several moments a s Korchnoi pondered ; then b ack to
the table for a spot of " swiveling" i n h i s c h a i r .
Korchnoi j umped up and crossed to Schm i d , voice rising and h a n d s
w aving . Viktor n e x t w e n t to h i s e a sy chair ( st a g e left ) , s e a t e d h i m s e l f and
twisted around to consider h i s move while studying the demon stration b o a r d .
Schmid w e n t to Karpov , still seated at the table , and conversed w ith
h i m for more than five minutes . Deputy Arbiter F i l i p made it a threesome .
Karpov kept rotating h i s chair back and forth the whole t ime they t a l k e d .
Obviou sly , he w a s m a k i n g the point t h a t he could d a m n e d w e l l swivel in h i s
c h a i r i f he w i s h e d to !
Korchnoi eventually came to the table , made move 8 while still s t a n d­
ing , and went back to h i s armch a i r . Karpov ' s clock ran as Schmid , arms
now waving , kept talking to h i m . Anatoly ' s face w a s s e t in a defiant m a sk .
Schmid and Filip headed to a b ack corner of the stage for an Arbiter ' s
conference and Karpov quickly m ade h i s move .

8 Bxc6

ft The main l ine of the a rgument . White gives up h i s l ight-squared

b ishop , winning some tempi in return . After 8 Nxc6 bxc6 9 Bxc6 Rb8 ,
B l a ck ' s p re s sure on the b-file adequately compensates for the weakness of h i s
queen s ide .

8 • • • bxc6 9 Nxc6 Qe8 1 0 Nxe7+ Qxe7 1 1 Qa4

Here ' s the point of the operation White began with h i s 8th move . The
c-pawn i s doomed , b u t t h i s doe s n ' t faze Karpov . ft
T he behavior p attern described prior to move 8 held throughout most of
the g ame ; in effect , we h a d a m atch with only one man seated at the table
- a n d with both Arbite r s sorely distressed. T here were s e v e r a l a dditional
convers at ions between Schmid and the respective players ; no improvement to
the unple a s ant t able au re s ulted from the m .
 Game F i fteen 111

1 1 . . . c5 1 2 Qxc4 cxd4 1 3 Qxd4 e5 1 4 Qh4 Rb8

ft The direct a ttempt to p l ay on the h 1-a8 diagonal would be ineffective ,

s ince White h a s quite sufficient defens ive resources at h i s disposal ( f2-f3 ,
among others ) . K a rpov ' s idea l i e s in cutting down the activity of White ' s
p ieces while placing h i s own a s well a s possible . Black does not seek for­
cing l i ne s , but he is prepared to w age a c ampaign of c alculation if it
become s nece s s ary .

15 Bg5

Evidently the weight of his p revious losses m ak e s Korchnoi play with

m a ximal c aution . Here White might h a ve attempted to hold on to h i s m aterial
a dvantage by playing 15 0-0 . But then 15 . . . Rb4 would h ave practically
forced him to weaken h i s position with 16 e4 .

15 . . . Rxb2

B l ack is nor afraid of 16 N d 5 , s ince he c a n force h i s opponent to t ake

a draw by 16 . . . Qb7 ! 1 7 Nxf6+ gxf6 18 0-0 fxg5 , or play the more diffi­
cult 16 . . . Qd6 . Korchnoi avoids t h i s variation , but soon it becomes clear
t h a t White i s the one who will have to seek the draw .

16 0--0 Qe6

l f B l ac k is allowed to retre a t h i s k n ight , h i s position will become

t hreatenin g . Thus White ' s next exchange is force d . On the other h a n d , it
would make no sense for Black to keep the queens on , a s then the weakness
of h i s kingside might tell . ft
Karpov paced con stantly for 15 minutes a s Korchnoi con s idered h i s next
move . Wel l , at least he couldn ' t swivel while p ac ing !

17 Bxf6 Qxf6 18 Qxf6 gxf6 19 Rab1 Rxb1

ft 19 . . . Rc2 20 R fc 1 offers l ittle .

20 Rxb1 Be6

Despite the seeming simplicity of this position , White h a s to be very

alert . For example , the attempt to play actively w ith 21 Rb7 l e a d s immed­
i ately to serious conseq uences after 21 ReS . Korchnoi finds the most
exact defensive p l a n . ft

2 1 f3 ! ReS 22 Rc 1

Korchnoi , in his armcha i r , crossed right leg over left and swung the
1 12 Game F i fteen

right foot almost in c ircle s . Could K arpov see this? Counterattack?

Various spectator s , recruited by Petra , crowded around Zouk h a r and
attempted to d i stract him .

22 . . • Rb8

.ft Advancing the f-pawn leads nowhere ; White ' s pos ition con t a i n s no
weakne s se s .

23 Rc2 ReB 24 Kf2 Bxa2

No point in w a iting . Black forces a drawn rook endgame .

25 Rxa2

Here the Challenger offered a draw through the Arbiter and Karpov
accepted . Times used 1 : 28 - 0 : 52 . .ft
* *

Afte r the game , Schmid reve aled that K a rpov had defied the Arbiters
onstage . First of all , he deliberately continued to swivel in h i s c h a i r
throughout their entire conver s a t ion ( at move 8 ) . Secondly , he s a i d : " I ' ll
stop swiveling if he takes off h i s g l a s se s . " T h i s b a rgaining attitude infur­
i ated Schmid , especially since all three Arbiters had earlier tested Korchnoi ' s
dark g l a s ses and j udged them to be unobj ectionable .
Schmid observed that Karpov h a d made no mention of these g l a s s e s
during the fourteen prece ding game s . Furthermore , h e felt that the " swivel­
ing campaign" h a d been intentionally begun on Sunday ( during the adj ourned
games s e s s ion ) as an annoy ance to Korchnoi .
Question : Since Schmid held that view , and strongly , why didn ' t he
cite Article 1 9 . 1 ( c ) and put a stop to the disturbance as soon a s it occurred?
 Dou ble Trou ble

From its beginning in J uly , storms within a n d storms w ithout h a d con­

s t antly h a r a s s e d t h i s World Championship Match , b ringing unwelcome rations
of double troubl e .
Actually , those afflictions originated by Mother N ature were quite nor­
m a l for the Western P acific and the l a n d s of Southea s t A s i a . The P h i l ippine
I sl ands h a ve the South China Sea to their West , the Sulu and Celebes Sea s to
their Sout h , and the broad P acific to their E a s t . Throughout this v a s t a re a ,
t ropical disturbances are commonplace i n the summer and early autumn .
Whether run-of-the-mill storms or the much more awe some typhoons , such dis­
turbances generally travel in a northerly direction and suck unbelievable
quantities of rain into these i s l a n d s from the monsoons to the sout h .
A s of m i d-August , i t h a d r a ined o n every d a y b u t one during our five
weeks in B aguio City . Only an hour ' s drizzle on some day s , b u t p reci pi­
t ation nonethele s s . So fa r , however , without terribly strong winds ; no huge
typhoon had come very close . Even so, the v i sitors from temperate l a n d
m a s s e s w e r e alre ady t a k e n a b a c k by t h e l e n g t h o f t h e r a i n y sea son , the
ferocity of a n occ a sional thunder and l ightning storm , and the random - but
t h a nk fully , minor - e a rthquakes .
And then the weather - a s i t h a s a h a b i t o f doing - took a turn for
the wor s e . An entry m a de in my notebook as game fifteen commenced : " It ' s
r a ining l ike m a d ; Typhoon M iding . "
Conditions inside the Convention Center emulated those on the outside ;
they worsened , too . Whether by de sign or c i rcumstance , the combatants
engaged in an ever-higher level of p sycholog ical - if not p a r a p sychological -
w a r fare which h a d become so intense a s to threaten the m atch itsel f . After
g ame fifteen ende d , the J ury was notified that it would meet next morning .

Wednesday , 23rd August

Typhoon M iding changed direction and headed west-southwe st across the

P hilippine Sea instead of continuing northwest as had been predic t e d . In
the pre-dawn hour s , t h e monster ' s e y e cut across the i s l a n d o f Luzon well t o
o u r north . B ag u io City , although l uckily e sc ap ing the worst effect s of
M i d ing , neverthe l e s s took a con siderable beating .
To begin with , B a g uio experienced its heaviest r ainfall of record , 22
inches during a 24-hour period . Hundreds of res i dents from low-lying a r e a s
s o u g h t refuge on h i g h e r ground a s floodw aters i n u n d a t e d their homes . The
ent ire c ity of 100 , 000 people w a s w ithout power for t h e b e t t e r p a r t o f two

1 13
1 14 Double T rouble

days and it was effectively i solated a s rocks and mud intermittently blocked
t he only two access roads at several points . Most tragically , two of its
occupants died when c a sca ding mud totally demolished a house j ust below the
Convention Cente r .
T h e Cente r , the Terraces P l a za a n d P ines Hotel s , a n d the B a g uio
Country Club were all on high grou n d . T h u s o u r c h e s s people , sub dued by
the misfortunes being suffered all around them , themselves experienced
nothing worse than the i nconveniences of doing w ithout light s , hot w a te r , and
hot food for a relatively short period . Even s o , the J ury was in a dep r e s s e d
mood wh en it convened in t he Country Club at 10 : 30 a m .
Colonel B aturin sky immediately obj ected to t h e J u ry ' s meeting a t all , on
the g round t h a t " it wasn ' t clearly stated in a dvance" what w a s to be dis­
c u s sed .
Chairm a n Lim replied that "Mr . B aturin sky w a s present in the h a l l
during game fifteen and surely knew , therefore , w h y the J ury w a s meeting .
He asked that everyone h a ve p atience and l isten to M r . Schmi d . "
The Chief Arbiter s a i d that "not only during g ame fifteen but also
during the second s e s s ions of games thirteen and fourteen things happened
which were not good for the players , the public image of chess , nor for
FIDE. He gave as his strong opinion that the J ury must work together to
obt a i n the cooperation of the playe r s , thereby ensuring that there are not
such h a ppenings during future game s . He feared otherwise that m atters may
get worse and we may witness the spectacle of the world ' s two greatest
che s s p l ayers com i n g to b lows . "
Discussion w a s short ( the entire meeting took b ut an hour and a quar­
ter ) and bitte r . P oints fought over inclu ded t a l k ing on the stage , a player ' s
position i n h i s c h a i r , and Korchnoi ' s dark g l a s s e s . Finally , the Chief
Arbiter said that he "would hate to have to impose a penalty on either one
of the world ' s two best players . " Here , t aken from the Report of the J ury
Meeting , is h i s closing summation .
" First , there are to be no more strong words on the stage ; no insults .
Second , swiveling of one ' s chair or s t anding behind i t are not to be
a l lowed .
H e asked t h a t the two part i e s stop the foregoing a n d s a id that other­
w i s e he would impose penaltie s , the exact n ature of which he was not pre­
p a red to specify .
He s a i d t h i s left only the g l a s s e s question and it is up to the Soviet
Delegation if it wishes to protest officially a g a i n s t their u se . "
R a ther oddly , no vote whatsoever w a s taken during this meetin g .
"Chairman L i m suggested that it might be sufficient now t o g o home and
think about w h a t Mr. Schmid had s a i d and to see what happened in the next
game . "
Lotha r Schmid then distributed to the J ury a statement ( prepared and
s igned by the three arbiter s ) pertinent to the offering of a draw . Its clos­
ing paragraph follows .
"An offer of a draw may be m a de either directly to the other p l ayer or ,
if neither player is in time trouble , th rough the a rbiter . An offer is not to
be m a de via the arbiter if there is l e s s t h a n five minutes rem a ining for
either player to make the next time control . "

* *

A note to remember , also taken verbatim from the day ' s Report :
"Mr s . Leeuwerik s a i d that the doctor h a d ordered these g l a s s e s for M r .
Korchnoi because he i s not a young boy and h i s eyes become t ired after
three hours under b right l ights . ' We ca nnot destroy h i s eyes only i n honor
of t h i s match . ' "
 GAME SIXTEEN

Thursday, 24th August

Typhoon Miding ' s b ac k s ide rema ined with u s , although the wind had
fallen off to a gu sty 50 miles per hou r . The rain came down in sheets and
B a g uio City was still without powe r .
At the Cente r , efforts were m a de t o obtain a backup to the b ackup gen­
e rator ; it couldn ' t be done in t ime for today ' s game . This lone generator
( des igned to run continuously for no longer than eight hour s ) h a d performed
faithfully throughout the night and morning , operating pumps which kept the
press rooms and restaurants at the lower level from being floode d .
The Arbiters a n d the Delegation Heads agreed to meet at 2 : 30 pro and
make a dec i s ion on either postponement or use of the alternate playing room
( to be l ighted by half a dozen g a s l anterns if the gener ator failed ) .
Chief Organizer Campomanes h a d managed to reach M a n i l a after ye ster­
d ay ' s J ury Meetin g . He returned dramatically at about 1 : 00 pro . His car
h a d been stopped part way up the mountain by a l andslide across the roa d ;
h e clambered over the obstruction and m ade h i s way to B a guio by hitching a
ride on the other s ide . A resourceful and determined man .
Campom a n e s toured the Center with its eng ineer , then decided that the
match should proceed on schedule . He ordered the generator shut down for
two hours immediately prior to g ame time , g iving it a rest and the engineer
an opportunity for minute in spection and routine but preventive mainten ance .
Lothar Schmid h a d a l so gotten through to Manila yesterday and w a s
seeing h i s wife a n d two sons off today on their j ourney hom e . F o r this
g ame , Grandmaster F ilip became the Chief Arbiter and Manuel Lara w a s the
on stage Deputy .

Karpov-Korchnoi
French Defence

1 e4 e6

ft At l a s t the j ournalists who h a d predicted French Defences as e arly a s

J uly were rewarded for their patience . T h e Challenger h a s plenty o f rea sons
for changing his openin g s ; except for the first two games , he h a s faced
serious difficulties in the Open R uy .

2 d4 d5 3 Nd2 cS 4 exdS exdS 5 BbS+

We remind the reader that t h i s T arra sch Variation w a s played steadily

1 15
1 16 Game Sixteen

in K arpov-Korchnoi 1974 , but then K arpov 1 s regul a r continuation was 5 N g f3 .

5 • • • Bd7 6 Qe2+ Qe7

The queen interposition w a s a surprise to all . Theory says t h a t 6 . . .

Be7 i s the strongest and leads to a very complex g ame . T h i s is precisely
what one might have expected from the Challenger two points beh i n d . But
j us t a s in the preceding g ame , Korchnoi chooses not to risk .
The position arrived at a fter the queen exchange g ives White a small
but secure advant a g e . ft

7 Bxd7+ Nxd7 8 dxcS NxcS 9 Nb3 Qxe2+ 10 Nxe2

The rain a n d wind increased , the l atter c a using a set of white curtains
behind eac h player to b illow notice ably inward . A s it happened , the cur­
t a i n s in Karpov 1 s line of sight were blown about more disturbingly t h an
those in Korchnoi s line of sigh t .
1

Anatoly crossed over t o speak with Filip , who summoned Chief M a r shal
Hol a zo . Holazo d i sappeared behind the curtains in a n obvious s e a rch for
some way to decrease the backstage draft . Hopele s s , with the remnants of a
typhoon raging outside !

10 • . • Nxb3 1 1 axb3 BcS

ft T h i s line h a s its own h i s tory , w ith continua t ions like 12 Nf4 or 12 Nc3 ;
or K arpov 1 s choice , 12 Bd2 . In all line s , White retains the better ch ances .

12 Bd2 Ne7 13 Nf4 0--0 14 0--0?

However , one may argue with t h i s deci sion of Karpov 1 s . 14 Nd3 Bb6
15 BaS or Bb4 seens more prom1s1ng , with the k ing to be comfortably en­
sconced a t d2 . White spends quite a bit of time l ater on bringing it b ack
to the center .
Two circumst ances m ay have influenced the course of this game . First ,
it w a s far from certain until two hours beforehand t h a t the game would be
p l ayed a t all , a s a typhoon had w reaked con siderable h avoc with the playing
quarters . Second , the Chempion may have been thrown off stride by his
opponent 1 s m a rkedly mode st play .

14 • • • R fd8 15 Nd3 Bb6 16 c3

White fore stalls the advance of the d-pawn , which he could now meet by
17 c4 ; however , it is h a r d to discern any a dvantage for him . The active
pl acement of B l ack 1 s pieces renders the weakness of this d-pawn insignifi­
cant .
 Game Sixteen 1 17

16 . . . f6 17 Rfdl Kf7 18 Kfl Nf5?

F a r from the best continuation , as K arpov ' s reply demon strate s . Both
18 . . . R d7 and 18 . . . Nc6 look bette r .

19 Bel !

U nexpectedly , the d-p awn i s endangere d . The Challenger follows the

b e s t course b y immediately admitting h i s error .

1 9 . . . Ne7 20 Nb4 Rd7 21 Rd3 Rad8 22 Rad1 Ke6 23 Bd2

White ' s pieces unhurriedly take up good positions . K arpov ' s p l a n s

include an exchange o f b i shop s , s ince t h e resulting endgame h o l d s o u t some
prospects for him .

23 . . . Nc6 24 Nxc6 bxc6 25 b4 Kf7?

B l ack might better h ave advanced the c-paw n , ridding himself of this
additional weaknes s . P a s s ive p l a y a g a i n brings him to a ·dubious positio n .

26 Be3 Bxe3 27 Rxe3 Rb8 28 Re2 Rb5 29 R a 1 Rdb7 30 Rd2 Ke6

31 Ra6

Before putting his rook on the second rank , White wins a very impor­
t a n t tempo a g a inst the pos sible . . . c6-c5 .

31 R5b6 32 Ra2 Kd6 33 Ke2 Re7+ 34 Kd3 a6 35 Rd1?

35 Re2 wou l d have been good for White ; an exchange would favor him ,
since the other B l ack rook is poorly p l a c e d . it
K arpov t ried to blitz an opponent in time troubl e , which prob ably
brought on h i s ove r s ight .

35 • . • Kc7 36 Raal Kd8 37 f3

it White would h ave greater changes of winning after 37 b3 ReS 38 f4 !

Re4 39 g3 . The open e-file woul d promise l ittle for B l ack , since White
could use it to t r a de off the rooks . Meanwhile , the weaknes s e s on a6 and c6
would remain .

37 . . . ReS 38 Kd4 Kc7 !

38 . . . Re2 w a s tempt i n g , but then 39 R e 1 a l lows White ' s rook to deci-

s i vely support the k ing ' s a dva nce ; the pawn count wou l d h ave no sig nifi-
cance. By hol ding only the e-file , Korchnoi ma i nt a i n s the b a l ance .
1 18 Game Sixteen

39 Rel Kd6 40 f4 Rxel 41 Rxel aS 42 bxa5

Here Korchnoi adj ourn e d . ft.

The next morning , on Viktor ' s instruction s , R aymond Keene relayed a
draw offer to Chief Arbiter Filip . F il ip , in turn , called Yuri B a l a shov . On
behalf of K arpov , h i s chief second immediately accept e d .

ft. 4 2 . • • Rxb2 ( sealed move ) a n d Drawn . T i m e s used 2 : 1 2 - 2 : 30 .

The draw w a s a g reed t o i n view of the line 4 3 R a l c5+ 44 Ke3 Kc7

45 a6 Kb8 46 Ra5 Rxg2 47 Rxc5 Rxh2 48 Rxd5 R g 2 49 Kf3 R g l 50 Kf2 Rg4
5 1 Kf3 , etc . ft.

Although we h a ve not given a precise "move-by-move" description of i t ,

activity in t h e spectator a r e a s reached new highs ( lows ? ) during this g ame .
Before the clock w a s started , Dr . Zouk h a r seated himself on the left
s ide of row fou r , in clear view of Korchnoi ( who as Black w a s seated to the
audience ' s right ) . Physical trainer Krylov and Guennady Step a nov ( from the
U SSR Emb a s sy in M a n il a ) were even more vi sible in the third row left .
At the Chief Marshal ' s behe st , a comely usherette reque sted t h a t Krylov
and Stepanov move back one row , out of the V l P section . They ignored her
and the situation went r apidly downhill .
P etra Leeuwerik , of course , w a s most active throughout the sess ion .
N umerous supporters of Karpov and Korchnoi ( some were spectator s , enlisted
on the spot ) entered the fra y , many in earnest but others evidently amused
by the entire confron t a t ion . A great deal of j ostling for position , hard
sta ring at neighbor s , even nudging a n d elbowing . At one point in these
procee ding s , Valery Krylov actually s a t in Leeuwerik ' s l a p . T h i s was to
force her out of the seat immediately to Zoukha r ' s left after she had tickled
and kicked t h a t worthy !
T h i s is che s s ?
By cont r a s t , the players behaved well today . Grandmaster F i l ip told
me that Korchnoi - a s he came onstage - a sked Filip to please reque st of
K arpov that he not turn in his chair while Viktor was on the move . When
K a rpov arrive d , F ilip relayed this request and Anatoly s a i d " Okay" .
After the game , Filip asked Korchnoi how K a rpov ' s conduct h a d been .
The reply : "Quite correct" .
 GAME SE VENTEEN

Saturday, 26th August

I n a violent outburst beginning j ust three minutes before h i s clock w a s

s t a rted , Korchnoi d u g in h i s heels and refu s e d t o play u n l e s s D r . Zouk h a r
w a s moved farther back in t h e h a l l from t h e fifth row seat he had occupied a
few moments e a rl i e r . H e angrily a s k e d Dr . F i l i p , filling in again as Chief
Arbiter in Schmid ' s absence , to summon one of the org anizers to carry out
h i s dem a n d .
Florencio C a mpomanes and the C h i e f M a r s h a l quickly came t o t h e stage
and engaged the furious Challenger in urgent conversation . By then it w a s
5 : 00 pm and F i l i p started White ' s clock . Karpov , playing Black , di screetly
retreated to h i s dressing room ; the surest way to preserve a certain degree
of tranquillity , he evidently decide d , was by avoiding any involvement in
what threatened to become an ugly a l terc ation .
Korchnoi to Campomanes and F il ip : "No matter what your J ury thinks
the rules say , I tell you t h i s man Zoukh a r disturbs me . I f he is not moved
within 10 minute s , then I will move h im . " ( Shaking a fist with obvious
intent . )
Campo unhesitatingly accepted Viktor ' s word that he w a s disturbed and
did h i s best to c a l m the situation . With spectators crowding around , he
held an extremely impromptu J ury Meeting in front of the stag e . Leeuwerik
and Baturinsky were , as alway s , strictly at odd s . The l atter did suggest
that Dr. Zoukhar might move i f Korchnoi would fors ake h i s dark g l a s se s , but
Campomanes replied that this was a seaprate i s sue on which the three
Arbiters had previously made a decision .
C a mpo then a sked we three Neutral Members of the J ury ( Lim , Edmondson
and Malche v ) whether we thought t h i s emergency called for a decis ion by the
J ury or by the Org anizers . We were unanimou s : "The Orga n i ze r s . If either
player later protests , then the J ury must decide whether or not it i s in
agreement with the actions of the Org a n i zers . "
The Chief Organizer then decided ( for t h i s g ame only ) that no specta­
tors would be al lowed any closer to the stage than the seventh row . After
everyone - i nc l u d ing Zoukha r and Leeuwerik - had been moved b ack , Korchnoi
m a de h i s fi r s t move with eleven minutes already gone on his clock .

Korchnoi-Karpov
Nimzo-lndian Defence

1 c4 Nf6 2 Nc3 e6 3 d4 Bb4 4 e3 0--0 5 Bd3 cS 6 dS bS 7 dxe6

fxe6 8 cxbS

CS - I 119
120 Game Seventeen

ft A rather unusual starting point for N i m zo- l n di a n theory , i s i t not?

Karpov ' s 6th move showed that he was not afraid to s acrific e . Ten g a m e s
b ack he continued 8 . . . Bb7 ; here he p l a y s an innovation in the style of
the Volg a ( Benko ) Gambit .

8 • • • a6 9 Ne2 dS 10 0-0 eS 1 1 a3 axbS

think it wou l d have been better not to establish the positions of the
quee n s ide pawn s . Black should h a ve selected either 11 BaS or 1 1
Bxc3 .

12 BxbS Bxc3?

Here 12 . . . B aS , keeping h i s strong b i shop , deserved preference . It

appears t h a t K arpov underestimated t h e force o f h i s opponent ' s repl y .

1 3 bxc3 !

T h i s is con s iderably stronger than 13 Nxc3 and White now h a s the

better of the opening . Black ' s pawn center i s greatly devalued and he must
fight h a r d to neutralize his opponen t ' s extra p aw n . The first step i s to
play on the l ight s quare s . ft
As Korchnoi ( White ) con sidered h i s 13th move , the fingers of h i s left
hand were "j ittering" soundlessly j u st below the t able ' s e dg e . This has
become a regu l a r habit .

13 • • • Ba6 14 Rb1 Qd6 1S c4

ft White clears this diagonal for h i s dark-squared b i shop .

1S . . • d4 16 Ng3

16 f4 would be a m i stake , in v iew of 16 . . . d3 ! 17 fxeS dxe2 18 Qxd6

exflQ+ 19 Kxfl Ne8+ . Nor w a s 16 Bb7 b a d ; if then 17 fxe5 Qxe5
18 exd4 , B l ack can play 18 . . . Qe4 .

16 Nc6 17 a4 NaS

Now a tense struggle begins around the c4-pa w n . If B l ack can win it ,
h i s ch ances w i l l be tremendou s . Howeve r , White h a s sufficient means a t h i s
d i s p o s a l t o defend this weakne s s .

18 Qd3 Qe6

18 . . . Bb7 deserved attention , a imed at achieving counterplay on the

long diagon a l .
 Game Seventeen 121

19 exd4 cxd4

Ala s , the c-pawn must be made p a s s e d . On 19 ... exd4 , White acti-

vates all his pieces by the very strong move 20 Ba3 !

20 c5 Rfc8 21 f4 !

B l ack would obt a i n d angerous counterplay after 21 Ba3 N d5 by invading

f4 with his knight . With this move , White destroys the enemy pawn center
and achieves a significant a dvantage . The reply is force d .

21 . • • Rxc5 22 Bxa6

T h i s looks very tempting , but Karpov ( who played very well in the
second part of this g ame ) is not slow to exploit the amazing defensive
resources in the forcing play which follow s . Stronger was 22 fxe5 Rxe5
( . . . Bxb5 23 axb5 Rxe5 24 b6 is very dangerou s ) 23 Bf4 ! , with a clear
initiative . P o s s ibly Korchnoi thought that the position after the piece ex­
changes would favor him . ft

22 • • • Qxa6 23 Qxa6 Rxa6

Karpov took a long look into the a udience ; obviously and directly at
Zouk h a r , a s he h a d to twist h i s head uncomfortably far left to do s o .

24 Ba3 Rd5 25 Nf5

ft The check-play turns out to promise White l ittle enough . 25 R b8+ Kf7
26 R f8+ Ke6 27 f5+ Kd7 28 R f7+ Kc8 ! If now 29 Rxg7 e4 . So White accum­
ulates threats by bring ing up his knight for the attack .

25 • • • Kf7 26 fxe5 Rxe5 27 Rb5?

One h a s to think Korchnoi made this move with some s a t i s faction . The
immediate 27 Nxd4 wou l d have resulted in a drawish dis solution of the posi­
tion after 27 Re4 . But now the attacked rook can only retreat to e2
( since exchanging on b5 would make White ' s pawn too dangerous ) , b ut
Karpov w a s not thinking of retre ating .
122 Game Seventeen

27 • • . Nc4 !

This move is b a s e d on a t actical finesse - 28 N d6+? Rxd6 29 Rxe5 Nxa3

and also on several other nuances of the position .

28 Rb7+ Ke6 29 Nxd4+

Once a g ain , Korchnoi w a s short of time . 29 B f8 ! ? looks dangerous but ,

after the cool reply 29 . . . d3 , there is nothing concrete .

29 • • • Kd5 30 Nf3

Evidently White counted on g1vmg up two pieces for the rook a n d all
Black s p awns ,
1 a fter which he p l a n s to a dv ance h i s own . Better for him
was 30 N c 2 .

30 • • • Nxa3 31 Nxe5 Kxe5 3 2 Re7+

A typical time-pres sure check - the Black k ing w a s hea ding for the
forward a re a s anyway . But B l ack s active caval ry would certainly h ave kept
1

him from losing , even a fter 32 Rxg7 .

32 • • • Kd4 33 Rxg7 Nc4

T ime is worth more than a pawn , especia lly since that pawn cannot
esc ape .

34 Rf4+

T h i s check w a s prob ably better left alone , too . Korchnoi evidently

could not believe that Black would so ea sily part with his l a st pawn . Safer
was 34 R f7 . it
Korchnoi h a d 6 minutes left for 6 moves and w a s showing obvious signs
of concern about the clock .

34 • • • Ne4 !

it Once again the motto is : "Time above material . " B l ack s small army 1

is very mobile and its activities are coordinate d , with the king in personal
comma n d .

3 5 Rd7+ Ke3 36 Rf3+ Ke2 3 7 Rxh7

Up until t h i s move , White w a s running absolutely no risk of losing .

T ak ing a few minutes to think , B l ack c ame up with a very subtle t r a p .
 Game Seventeen 123

37 • • • Ncd2 !

The rook i s attack e d , although t aking it would l e a d to a draw . But

the first thing anyone under t ime pressure would see i s to move it a n d s imul­
t a neously to defend the a-p a w n .

3 8 R a 3 ? Rc6

Mate threate n s . The first impulse and there ' s no time left for a
second - is to cover the first rank .

39 Ra1 ? ?

A draw would have resulted from either 39 g3 o r 3 9 g4 . For exampl e :

3 9 g3 N f3+ 4 0 R xf3 Kxf3 4 1 Rf7+ .

39 Nf3+ !

I n the best tradi t ions of che s s composition , all the pieces cooperate to
deliver the mate . White resign s , in view of 40 gxf3 Rg6 ! 41 Kh1 N f2 m ate .
T imes used 2 : 28 - 2 : 02 .
T h i s made it 4-1 ( with 12 draws ) in favor of K a rpov . ft

I t took P et r a , Y a s h a Murey , Stean and P anno five minutes to recover

s u fficiently to rise from their seat s . A s this group slowly left the h a l l , the
three players shook their heads over the way Korchnoi had blown what they
all thought w a s a win .
Could having a person - any person - moved back two rows possibly
h ave been worth the eleven minutes gone on Korchnoi ' s clock before he m ade
move one? As it turned out , the delay caused by this brouhaha cost Viktor
the g a m e . After 25 move s , he had a winning position but became uncomfor­
tably aware of h i s growing time short age . Several of h i s next th irteen
moves were questionable and the expected win degenerated to a probable draw
as he ganced nervously a t the clock and moved far too quickly . A blunder
on move 39, with his flag h anging , threw away the full point and g ave
Karpov a 4-1 l e a d . The verdict in B a guio City this night - although l ater
events almost proved it to be premature - was that Viktor Korchnoi h a d
committed suicide by s qu andering those eleven minutes a t the start o f the
evenin g .

* * * * *

At noon today , the lobby of the Terraces P l a za h a d echoed to R u s s i a n

h a ppy talk a s a group o f 26 Soviet touris t s checked in for a six-day stay .
Not tourists in our u s u a l sense of that wor d , these were chess teachers ,
j ourn a l i st s , club directors and offici a l s from v arious of the Soviet Republic s .
1 24 Game Seventeen

Keen enthu s i a s t s a l l , they were excited by the prospect of being on hand for
at l e a s t two and perhaps three World Championship game s . For "the 26" ,
this evening couldn ' t h a ve been better ; their " Tolya " won spectacularly to
take a commanding l e a d .
Campom a n e s , Schmid and I arrived b ack at t h e Terraces around m i d­
night to find the h allway s overflowing with delirious celebrants - the Soviet
group i n its entirely , including the touri sts , presently tota l e d 43 .
We were immediately swept along into a series of toas t s and discus s ions
which were far-ranging and unabashedly friendly . The topic w a s c h e s s -
che s s in all its a spects and personalities , with neither the t alk nor the
toasts l imited to this match . And what w a s the main question which t h i s
g athering from the U SSR put t o a n America n ? "How i s Bobby F ischer? ! "
After a t ime , I found myself compa ratively alone in a room with Karpov
and only four others . ( On such a night , that ' s p rivacy ! ) T h i s gave me an
opportunity to speak with Tolya while his game seventeen victory w a s fre sh
in both our mind s . He said that he first s aw the glimmer of a mating pos­
sibility on his move 32 Kd4 , although all he really hoped for at that
point w a s a probable perpetual check and a drawn g ame . Howeve r , Korchnoi
made the mist ake of trying to save the a-pawn and suddenly a m ate w a s
there , quite t o K arpov ' s surprise a s h e h a dn ' t really thought that Viktor
would a llow this to happen .
He surmised that Korchnoi might ask for a postponement of game
eighteen but was far from certain of t h i s . He did comment , however , that he
sensed Korchnoi was undeniably tired and nervous ; he would be w i s e to
t ake a res t .
A s usual , Karpov w a s quiet a n d mode s t ; sure o f h im self b u t not
overly exuberant with the 4-1 score . He still expected strong resistance from
Korchnoi . Very much a realist , this young m a n .
He drank coke while the rest of us downed vodka or cognac .
Before being swept away by h i s p a rtying countrymen , Tokya remarked
that he usually retired between 2 a n d 2 : 30 am for a sleep of eight hour s
duration . However , t h e penthouse - exposed o n a l l s ides - had been so
windy and cold during Typhoon Miding t h a t he h a dn ' t slept at all w e l l the
past three night s . No electricity , either , but l arge electric l anterns p rovided
enough light . A l so , on the second day some very kind Filip inos had c l e a ne d
out t h e fireplace a n d therea fter kept a w arming b l a ze going . B u t he w a s
g l a d t h a t t h e storm h a d now p a s sed .
 The Longest Timeou t

Shortly a fter 1 1 : 00 am on a foggy , gloomy morning , the J ury a s s embled

for what s u rely was the most inconclus ive of all its s e ssion s . P etra Leeu­
werik had lodged a formal protest beca use "Mr . Karpov ' s g roup is cons is­
tently referred to a s the USSR Delegation , while our group i s always termed
the Korchnoi Delegation . " She requested the J ury to rule that , henceforth ,
any " reference to the Challenge r ' s team use the term ' Swis s Delegation ' . "
Not "Sw i s s Chess A ssoc iation Deleg ation" , mind you , but "Sw i s s Deleg­
ation " . Farcic a l , really , con sidering the group ' s private status and variety
of citizenshi p s . Korchnoi , Statele s s ( although residing in Switzerl a nd ) ;
Leeuwerik , Netherlands ( but a l so residing in Switzerlan d ) ; Keene and Stean ,
England ; Murey , I srael ; a n d P anno , Argentina .
The two hours of heated discussion which ensued left at l e a s t one J ury
M ember with the feeling t h a t he w a s t rapped in a convention of M a d Hatters .
Colonel B aturinsky did attempt to score a releva nt point , but it w a s lost in
the hubbub . "There is no Karpov Delegation , " he s a i d . " T he World Champion
is a representative of the USSR and here to a s si s t him a re other members of a
Soviet Del e g a tion , sent in i t s entirety by our government . " He adde d , very
excitedly , that for all he c a re d the Korchnoi group coul d be called "Swis s ,
English , I sr a e l i - anything they l i ke . "
F inally - after much a do about petty nothings - M r s . Leeuwerik w ith­
drew her protes t !
Another forma l protes t h a d been received from the Korchnoi Dele g a t ion
t h i s morning ; it w a s deferred for consideration at the next J ury Meeting ,
mainly bec a u s e of the need for con sultation with experts on two of i t s point s .
One , of course , concerned p a r a psychology ; the other , radia t ion ( me as u r a ble
e m i s s ion s ) .
J us t before the meeting adjourned , Mr . Campomanes b rought t h e follow­
ing letter to the J ury ' s attention a n d specified that it meant specta tors
( including D r . Zouk h a r ) could b e seated a s far forward a s the fourth row at
all future g ames .

A ugus t 27, 1 9 78
Match Jury
World Chess Champ ionship

Sir s :
A s ma tch organ izer I should like to file for your informa tion the fol­
lowing:

1 25
126 The Longest T i meout

Yesterday, the challenger demanded the removal of a specta tor from his
seat and, this failing, threatened to persona lly do it with physical violence.
This last part he manifested by fla iling his clenched fist. In the gen era l
interest of the specta tors and the h igher interest of peace and order, I
a c q u iesced to his demand after much rel uctance a n d only after con sulta tion
with the neutral jury members who were presen t . Under the most recent
decisions of the jury, such a c q u iescence was unca lled for.
This should serve notice th a t any further dem ands of this kind will
rema in without compliance.
Very truly yours,
(Original signed)
FLORENCIO CAMPOMANES
Match Organizer

Grandmaster Keene had been invited to attend t h i s morning s meeting to

1

translate - i f the need arose - certa i n letters ( in Germ a n ) from Switzerland

w hich h a d been attache d to Mrs . Leeuwerik s now-withdrawn protes t .
1 We
s t ayed o n at t h e B aguio Country Club for lunch and R ay confided h i s hope of
persuading Korchnoi to relieve Petra as Head of their Deleg ation . He felt
that her unrelenting poli t i c a l and personal attacks a g a i n s t the Soviets and
others h a d been detrimental to a chess-conducive atmosphere and h a d a lien­
ated almost everyone , including Campomanes and L i m .
After lunch we share d a c a r to the P ines Hotel , the l iveliest p l ace in
B aguio City - especially on Sunday s . A s we entered the lobby , Petra was
lecturing a worried-looking Scm i d . Later he quoted her a s s a y ing : " V iktor
will sit on the stage without making a move and lose each g ame after one
hour has p a s s e d . The m atch will end this week . "

* * * * *

Approximately 70 guests attended a buffet a n d cock t a i l p a rty at the

Terraces P laza early t h i s evening . Euphori a reigned during this celebration
of Karpov 1 s fourth win , and t h a t young man even s i pped on a drink or two .
He p a t iently accommodated " t he 26" t h roughout an almost non-stop photo
s e s s ion as the vodk a flowed and music p l a y e d .
The hotel s p a stry c h e f prep ared a cake with a che s sboard i c i n g and
1

c andied pieces show ing g ame seventeen s final posi t ion .

1 H i s idol izing fans
exploded i n applause when Anatoly , in cutting the c ake , con sumed the White
king and the square upon which it had been t r a pped .
The mood a t the P ines Hote l , of cours e , w a s j ust the oppos ite ; Korchnoi
w a s c l e a rly dispirite d . Thinking to cheer him up , a small group of friends
- including the author - persuaded Viktor to go out for dinner and a movie
a t the nearby Camp John Hay , a U . S . A i r Force rest and recreation cente r .
The food a n d drink helpe d , b u t the follow-on film w a s a terrible downer - a
dismal , second-rate piece of g arbage c a l le d "The F armer" which drove Korch­
noi to a sedated rest as soon as he cou l d get back to his quarters .
After Viktor retire d , h i s group spent a l a t e night a t the b a r of the
P ines Hote l . They drank to dull their unple a s ant memories and engaged in
lengthy d i s c u s s ions of what might h ave b ee n .

Monday , 28th August

Mondays were alw a y s rest days in the three-per-week schedule of g ames

for t h i s World Ch ampionship M atch .
I n the early afternoon , a Xerox copy of a short , h andwritten letter w a s
delivered t o e ach p rincipal quartered a t t h e Terraces P laza .
 The Longest T imeout 1 27

28 A ugu st 1 9 78
To the Organ iz a tion Committee and the Jury :
I appoin t Mr. R. Keene as my persona l represen ta tive with a power to
negotiate on my behalf.
(Origin a l signed)
V. KORCHNOI

I took a c a r straightaway to the P ines Hotel , hoping to d i s c u s s t h i s

development w ith either Keene or , better yet , Korchnoi h imself. Security men
in the seventh floor hallway d i scouraged anyone from knocking a t the door of
Korchnoi ' s suite . They s a i d t h a t he was preparing to go t ci h i s v i l l a for the
night and did not w i s h to b e d i s turbe d .
R a y Keene a n d Y a s h a Murey were not o n t h e premise s , b u t I d i d loc ate
M ichael Ste a n . He h a dn ' t the s l ightest idea of w h a t Viktor ' s plans were , so
- as w a s often the case - Michael a n d I m ade the best of the s ituat ion . We
repaired to the P ines cockta i l lounge - which commande d an excellent view of
the lobby - and engaged one another in several closely-contested games of
Othello.
At about five o ' clock , security men trooping off an elevator presaged
the imminent appearance of the Challenge r . W e w alked t o the front entrance
and w a tched a s the suitcases were loade d into Korchnoi ' s c a r ; he usually
c arried nothing more t h a n a small b a g of toilet a rticles when intending a
n ight ' s stay at the vill a .
Soon Viktor and P e t r a appeare d , both looking decidedly grim . Viktor
volunteered that he had decided a c h ange of location and a brief e sc ape
from B ag uio ' s incessant r a i n would b e restful for him . Therefore , they were
bound for the h istoric and luxurious M a n i l a Hotel . M ichael and I w aved
farewell as the c a r moved off and then resumed our Othello m a r a thon over
beer and garlic p izza ( heavenly ! ) a t Shakey ' s .

Tuesday , 29th August

After their fatiguing trip to M a n i l a ( at l e a s t four hours by c a r , and

h a l f of t h a t over rough roads ) , Korchnoi and Leeuwerik must have rea l i zed
t h a t he needed rest now more than eve r . I n t h e wee hour s o f t h e morning ,
Viktor telephoned to Keene a n d i n structed him to seek postponement of g ame
eighteen . The new Hea d of the Korchnoi Deleg ation thereupon delivered a
letter to P rofes sor Lim ( since they were in the s ame hotel ) at 3 : 00 a m . Lim
decided to let the other principals e n j oy their sleep w ithout interruption and
d i d not relay the message to Chief Arbiter Sch m i d until 9 : 00 am. Lot h a r
immediately i nformed Viktor B aturinsky t h a t the next g ame woul d not b e
pl ayed before T h ur sday , 3 1 s t August .
T h i s w a s the second postponement requested by Korchnoi and left h im
with but one more available of the three permitted to each player during the
i n itial 24 g ames .
I n M a n i l a , b a dgered by the pre s s a s they departed their hotel to meet
a Yugoslav friend a t the a i r port , Korchnoi and Leeuwerik were asked about
specula tion that Viktor was about to withdraw from the match . "Of course
not ! The m atch will continue , " s a i d P etra . As h e frequently did , Korchnoi
remained silent .
Meanwhile , b ack at the P i ne s , P rofe ssor Lim received a reply to a
c a b l e which he h a d sent to the Swi s s Chess Federation on 26th August .
Arnold Von K aenel , SCF P resident , m e s s aged t h a t Mrs . Petra Leeuwerik w a s
"not entitled to represent any poli t i c a l opinions o r activities in connection
with the che s s world c h a mp ionship between K arpov and Korchnoi" . This
1 28 The Longest T imeout

rebuke may well h ave been a factor in Korchnoi ' s decision t h a t Keene should
remain as his Deleg ation Head throughout the rema i n der of the m atch .
Florencio Campomanes w a s also in M a n i l a , soliciting opinions from and
enlisting the services of expert s in the fields of p sychology and of r a d i a t ion ;
t h i s in prep a r a t ion for tomorrow ' s J ury Meeting .

Wednes day , 30th August

The J ury met at 4 : 15 pm a t the u s u a l s ite and w ith the usual c a s t -

· except that Grandmaster R aymond Keene h a d replaced Mrs . Petra Leeuwerik a s
Korchnoi ' s representative . Ostensibly , we were t o con sider t h e form a l written
protest of 27th August which had been submitted by Mrs . Leeuwerik on
behalf of Viktor Korchnoi . T h a t protest w a s in two parts .
The first concerned the presence of D r . Zouk h a r in the auditorium and
reque sted that expert p a r ap sychologi c a l opinion in the P h il ippines be con­
sulte d .
T h e second cl aimed t h a t a sharp increase in radioactivity h a d been
detected in the h a l l . This was b a s e d upon cumulative milliroentgen readings
t aken from a pocket radiat ion detector ( it looked l ike a fat fountain peri )
w h ich Mrs . Leeuwerik and Grandmaster Korchnoi h a d brought with them from
Switzerl and . "Since the critical m i l l i roentgen point is now approaching , we
request a serious and immediate investi g a t ion into t h i s matter in the best
i nterests of the health of both p l ayers . "
Keene immed i ately demonstrated h i s talent for diplomacy by withdrawing
Mrs . Leeuwerik ' s double-protest letter of 27th August ! At the s ame t ime , he
delivered a well-considered appeal of h i s own ; here are extracts from i t .

I officia lly withdraw both protests a n d appeal t o the Jury t o help this
troub led match proceed in a dignified fashion . Concerning the level of
radioa c tivity on the stage , to take secon d things first, I wish to express my
tota l confidence in the good sen se and goodwill of the orga n iza tion . If,
a n d I repeat, if, an u n toward situa tion h a s developed with regard to radio­
a c tive levels , I place this situa tion entirely in the hands of the organ izers.
Now, to come to the vexed problem of Dr. Zoukh ar. A l though the letter
of the rules for the World Chess Ch ampion ship does not provide for any relief
in th is question , I ask - in the in terests of FIDE and the playing of good
chess - th a t the Jury should help me discharge my du ties as Viktor Korch­
noi 's represen tative . I do not wish to p ursue the accusa tion th a t Dr.
Zoukh ar is a hypnotist, b u t Mr. Korchnoi is of the firm belief tha t su ch
hypn otism might be possib le. I therefore beg the Jury to help Mr. Korch noi
in his fears by keeping Dr. Zoukh ar in the b a ckground during playing
session s . Only in this way can a dignified conclusion to this m a tch b e
guaran teed.
As long as I rema in as the head of our delegation in Baguio, I u nder­
take, to the best of my a b ility, to discourage a ny extern a l disturb ance tha t
could des troy the u n ivers a l bridge o f concilia tion I a m a ttempting t o b u ild
b etween both sides, the Jury, and the Organiza tion of the World Chess
Championship .

U n question ably , Keene understood the problems of che s s and the n iceties
of che s s org a n iz a tion far better than his predeces sor . As the J ury , with
con siderable rel i e f , welcomed this changed app::-oach from the Korchnoi side ,
R a y added a telling verbal st atement : " I think everybody here is concerned
about getting the match back into a more peaceful pattern so that whomever
wins can be s a i d to have done so meritorious ly . "
The J ury ' s response w a s totally positive .
M r . Malchev expre s s e d h i s v iew t h a t , " since M r . Keene proposed to put
rel a t ionship s on different grounds , i t w a s up to the two parties to endeavor
 The Longest T imeout 1 29

to bring practical results from t h i s new spiri t " .

Mr . Campomanes s a i d t h a t he h a d j us t spent two days in M a n i l a in
response to the August 27 request for the views of experts in the fields of
p a r a p sychology a n d radiat ion . He s hared the following letter with the J ury .

A TENEO DE MANILA UNI VERSITY

Department of Psychology

1. Is the R u ssian p a rapsychologist affecting Mr. Korchnoi 1 s chess playing?

Whether the parapsychologist is doing a nything or not, it seems ob vious
from the comp l a in ts being m a de th a t Mr. Korchnoi de facto is being disturbed
emotion a lly . He may simply b e a l lowing h imself to be disturbed. The
infl uence need not be paranorm a l . I f h e expected t o b e disturbed, h e will
b e disturbed.
2. Is it possible to use paranorm a l methods, e . g. telep a thy, to affect
a nother 1 s thinking?
As for mere possibility, a nyth ing 1 s specula tively possib le. For
instance, the Maimonides Medic a l Center 1s research (Ullm a n , Krippner, Va u gh ,
"Dream Telep a thy", McMillan Publishing Co. , In c . , 1 9 73 ) shows th a t people 1 s
dreams can be influenced by telep a thy. But this does not necessarily mean
th a t people are forced even aga inst their will to a c t according to su ch
suggestions .
3. Is the Russian parapsychologist d e fa cto u sing para norm a l methods to
influence Mr. Korchnoi 1 s thinking?
There is no evidence th a t he is de facto using p aranorm a l methods to
influence Mr. Korchnoi 1 s th inking. And since at the moment there 1 s no
known instrumen t cap a b le of measuring telep a thic energy, if such energy
exists, no such evidence seems possible.
4. Wha t suggestions c a n b e made to a llevia te Mr. Korchnoi 1 s comp l a in t s ?
It m a y b e suggested th a t Mr. Korchnoi h a ve himself hypnotized by a
friendly psychologist to help h im relax and fortify h im against the pressures
of the tournamen t .
(Origin a l signed)
Fr. Jaime Bulatao, SJ
Professor, Psychology Department

On the question of radiat ion , M r . Campomanes s a i d t h a t qual i fied per­

sonnel from the P h il ippines Atomic Energy Com m i ssion were now in B a g u i o .
E v e n though the Aug ust 27 protest h a d b e e n withdrawn , he would have these
experts complete their investigation and furnish a report thereon . ( PAEC
technicians did conduct a series of tests in the h a l l from August 3 1 t h rough
September 2 , some during the eighteenth g ame . They found no abnormal or
unusual levels of ra dioactivity . )
M r . B aturinsky commented t h a t " I t i s always better when the interes t s
of a chessplayer are represented by a nother chesspl ayer" . He observed t h a t
every m a n may have h a b i t s w h i c h d i sturb another man , but " possibly decis­
ions coul d be reached here i f the p a rticipants wou l d make l ittle conces s ions
to one another . For example , Mr. Karpov had been very much interfered w ith
by the mirror g l a s s e s of Mr . Korchnoi . P e r h a p s M r . Korchnoi could m ake a
l ittle conc e s sion with regard to these g l a s se s , in which case M r . Karpov
could do the same reg arding the location of D r . Zoukhar" .
At t h i s point , Chairman Lim recessed the meeting for 45 minutes to
permit a private discussion between M e s sr s . B aturin sky and Keene .
Eurek a ! At 6 : 00 p m , B aturinsky and Keene declared that they h a d
come to an agreement . I t s final ratification , naturally , depended upon the
players and they would h ave conversa tions w ith them that evening .
130 The Long e s t T imeout

The meeting adjourned with everyone con fident that a h ighly explosive
s ituation h a d at l a s t been defused . M e s s r s . B aturin sky and Keene even met
the pre s s together and announced t h i s h appy conclusion .

* *

What we h a d here w a s a c l a s s i c case of the left h a n d not being in

close touch with the right hand. While the bonds of peace were being
tentatively forged in Baguio , Korchnoi h a d set off a bomb in M a n i l a .
We first l e a rned from the evening televis ion news broadc a st s , and l ater
from sensational stories in the new spapers , of a n imp a s s ioned pre s s confer­
ence which the vola t i l e Challenger had held t h i s a fternoon in the M a n i l a
Hotel . W i t h P e t r a Leeuwerik at h i s s i de , he h a d l aunched a fron t a l att ack
a g a inst the Soviets , the Org a n i zer s , and the J ury . The main t a rgets of h i s
emotion a l outpouring , however , were Dr . Zouk h a r and - in Korchnoi ' s t e r m s -
Ka rpov ' s "dependence" upon that gentlem a n . Viktor claimed that Zouk h a r ' s
hypnotic power s instilled calm and confidence in An atoly .
The sol ution? "The org anizers must install a one-way m irror between
the stage and the audience . This will prevent the players from seeing the
spectator s ; the spectator s , on the other hand , will still have a clear view
of the p l ayers . "
And then c ame the ultimatum . " I w i l l not play i f a one-way m i r ror is
not i n s t a l l e d . W h y should I go back to B aguio City - except to get my
thing s ? "
Coincident ally , Korchnoi h a d visited P rofe s sor J aime Bulatao - whose
letter to Campomanes you have seen - a t Ateneo de M a n i l a U n iversity that
very morning . I t w a s P rofe s sor Bulatao , said Korchnoi , who sup:gested to
him the one-way m irror .
The i n i t i a l reaction in B aguio City w a s a combined one of con sternation
a n d resignation . With the fragile t ruce shattered before it had even been
confi rmed , how could the match continue?
Then the cool heads took ove r .
Good general t h a t h e proved t o be , Keene secured a second delay of
g ame eighteen . T h i s meant that Korchnoi could not take another postponement
b e fore game 25 , but it provided a two-day b re athing s p ace in which to
attempt a reconci l i ation of the diffe rences and persuade the Challenger not to
ab andon his strug g l e . I t w a s t h e only viable alternative t o immediate for­
feiture of the match .
Campom a ne s , meanwhile , w a s in con stant and supportive contact with
both sides in B a g u i o . B aturinsky accepted h i s counsel and s i m p l y waited -
without a dding t inder to the fire - to see if the match could be salvaged .
Not an entirely unselfish s tance ; Ka rpov would not have been s a t i s fied with
a n unfinished match - even one in which he l e d by 4-1 at the time of dis­
solution .
By late evening , Keene and Campomanes h a d recruited w h a t they hoped
would be a rescue s afari to the M a n i l a Hotel . l t s members were Korchnoi
seconds Michael Ste an and Y a s h a Murey plus t he author . With rain and fog
m a k i n g the road down the mountain too dangerous for nighttime t ravel , we
were alerted for a departure at dawn .

Thursda y , 3 1 st August

Our sleepy trio checked in a t the M a :1 i l a Hotel by 10 : 30 am. When we

went to Korchnoi ' s suite , he g reeted us in a friendly but quizzical manne r .
N atural l y , h e sensed what our m i s s ion w a s - b u t seemed g l a d that w e cared .
Viktor and Petra were in much better s h ape t h a n we would-be rescuers .
They h a d enj oyed two days of the almost sensual creature comforts offered
b y the M a n i l a Hotel ; a wonderfully recuperative experience . We talked for
 The Longe s t T imeout 131

a n hour a n d Viktor did not d i spute any of t h e a rguments advanced in favor

of h i s resuming play . I t w a s almost as though our d i s c u s s ion confirmed
what he had been independently t h i n k ing . No commitment a s yet for a return
to Baguio City , but the Challenger l i stened attentively and he was not i n a
d i s putatious frame of m i n d . Encouraged b u t t i r e d , we three went to our
individual rooms and each g rabbed a quick c a tn a p .
Gathering a g a i n in Viktor ' s suite at a round 1 : 30 pm , we proceeded to
the hotel coffee shop and continued our discussion over a late , lei surely , and
delicious lunc h . The ·excellent food and service contributed to a further
brightening of the Challenger ' s spirit s . Then back to his suite for a game
or two of Othello , after which we watched a h i l a r ious P i n k P anther film on
the hotel ' s closed-ci rcuit televi sion .
Halfway through the fil m , Stea n took a few moments out to telephone
B aguio City and speak with Keene . He told R a y that Viktor had respon ded
well to his explanation of the proposed agreement with B aturinsky . "Form a l i ze
it , " s a i d Michae l , " a n d I believe t h a t Viktor w i l l play on Saturday . "
Keene immediately contacted B aturi nsky a n d they met in a secluded
roadhouse on the out skirts of B a g u i o . U nobserved by j ourn a l i s t s and c h e s s
fan s , t h e y quietly reached agreement and by early evening m a de t h i s
announcement .

COMMUNIQUE

Members of the World Chess Champion ship Match Jury, Mr. V. Ba tur­
insky (the representa tive of the World Champ ion , A n a toly Karpov) a n d Mr. R.
Keene (represen ta tive of the Ch a llenger, Mr . Viktor Korchnoi) h a ve agreed
upon the followin g :
Mr. R . Keene has informed th a t Mr. V. Korchnoi withdraws his req u ire­
ment p u t forward a t the press conference held in Manila on A ugust 30, 1 9 78
con cern ing a mirror-screen between the particip a n ts a n d specta tors on the
stage.
Mr. V. Ba turin sky has informed th a t Mr. A . Karpov, trying to meet the
req u es ts of the Cha llenger, h a s agreed tha t starting the 18th game and to the
end of the m a tch Doctor of Medicine Sciences, Professor V. Zoukh ar will b e
loca ted in t h e s e a t s a ssigned for t h e official memb ers o f t h e Soviet Chess
Delegation in the a u ditorium by the A greement a t July 15, 1 9 78 .
Mr . R . Keene has informed th a t Mr. Korchnoi v.rill take into account
World Champion 1 s request and will not use during the p lay-session mirror­
glasses, which h a n dicap Mr. Karpov 1 s eyes igh t .
The particip a n ts 1 represen ta tives h a ve expressed their hope, th a t all
these will con trib ute to further course of the ma tch in the interest of chess
and in the spirit of the FIDE principles .

A ugust 30, 1 9 78, Baguio City, Ph ilippines .

(Origin a l signed) (Origin a l signed)

V. BA TURINSKY R. KEENE

Korchnoi h a d much to g a i n and nothing to lose from t h i s agreement .

Those d a rk g l a s s e s h a d caused h i s eyes and head to ache and proved to be
far more of a l ia bi l i ty t h a n an a s set . Conceivably , they h a d been enough
of a n irritant to prevent his w inning several of the earlier games .
1 32 The Long e s t T i meout

Friday , 1st September

Our b a s ically congenial and h appy quintet enjoyed another day of

relaxation in M a n i l a ; l a zy s e s s ions at the swimming pool , a few more g a m e s
o f Othello , d i n n e r a t a t h e a t e r r e s t a u r a n t w h i c h featured performances by t h e
Bayanihan P h i l i ppine D a n c e Company . Suddenly , without anyone else h a v i n g
pushe d for a dec i sion , i t w a s Korchnoi w h o p acked and i n d i c a t e d that it w a s
t ime for the return to B a g u i o . I n retrospec t , I feel t h a t there were m any
reasons for his deci sion to resume play .
A p aramount factor must have been the m an ' s inherent nature . By
instinct , Korchnoi i s a fierce infighter rather than an abj ect quitter .
Angered b y w h a t h e felt to b e unfair conditions and certainly anguished by
the p re sent score , his inner self still h a d to resi s t , to struggle , to do down
- i f a t all - with every gun bl azing .
Secondly , the expect ations of h i s friends a n d fans prob ably m attered
more than Korchnoi would c a re to admit . A p roud man , he did not care to
dis appoint his supporters utterly by w ithdrawing .
Third , h i s conversations with P rofe s sor Bulatao h a d helped h i s morale .
So - as we were to realize within a few days - h a d a visit by Steven
Dwyer and Victoria Shepherd .
L astly , but certainly a consideration , the p r i ze money . A forfeited
match would p l a y the loser 10% of the p r i ze fund for each win he h a d scored
thus far . A m a tch played to its conclusion would pay 62 . 5% to the w inner
and 37 . 5% to the loser from a prize fund of about $560 , 000 . In round num­
bers , Korchnoi would have thrown away $ 1 25 , 000 i f he had not p l ayed on .

Saturday , 2nd September

A quiet newco;ner was seated with the Challenger a n d h i s group

throughout their l a t e breakfast in the P ines coffee shop . She was R i t a
M a t a ragnon , w h o worked under F ather J aime Bulatao in t h e Depa rtment o f
P sychology a t the Ateneo d e M a n i l a University . T h e first v i s i b l e evidence i n
B aguio C i t y of t h e armies now rallying to Korchnoi ' s c ause .

* * * *

2 : 15 pm . As stepped out of an elevator on the lobby floor of the

Terraces A p a rtel , Karpov and two comp anions c ame from the adjoining elev­
ator . Tolya s a i d that he understood the reasons for - indee d , appreciated -
my recent j ourney to Manil a . He preferred t o conclude the match over the
ches sboard rather than to win it by forfei t and did not feel that my neutral
status was in any w ay endangered by whatever part I may have played in
convincing Viktor Korchnoi to return .

* * * * *

4 : 40 pm . At R aymond Keene ' s urgent behe s t , the J u ry met in Campo-

manes ' office a t the Convention Center . Expecting some new and dire emer­
gency , we were p l e a santly surprised when R a y produced a bottle , poured a
round of drinks , a n d proposed a toa st : "To meetings over drinks , not over
protest s . " A s an a dded gesture , he p re sented each member with a horse ' s
head carved from P h i l ippine mahog any . With mine , a signed note of thanks
for my efforts during the preceding three d ay s : " A Wooden Knight for a
R e a l One" .

* * * *

At 4 : 45 pm, a mile-long black L incoln disgorged the U SSR Amb a s s a dor

 The Longest T imeout 133

and h i s l a dy a t the front entrance . They entered the h a l l and were escorted
to s e a t s in the second of the three rows reserved for V I P s . After a seven­
day del a y , a t l a s t we were re a dy for the eighteenth g ame .
 GAME EIGHTEEN

Saturday and Sunday, 2nd and 3rd September

Korchnoi entered five minutes early and sat impa s sively a s the photo­
g r aphers went wil d . He wore regular sungla s s e s rather than his silver­
coated speci als ; the Swi s s emblem was prominently displayed on his right
l apel .
R i t a M a t a r a g non seated herself in the fifth row . Dr . Zouk h a r w a s not
in the h a l l when Chief Arbiter Schmid s t arted White ' s clock .

Karpov-Korchnoi
P irc Defense

1 e4 d6

ft Korchnoi ' s secon d , Grandmaster Keene , is a very strong proponent of

t h i s opening and h a s even written a monograph about i t .

2 d 4 Nf6 2 Nc3 g 6 4 Nf3 Bg7 5 Be2 0-0 6 0-0 Bg4

In a g ame between the same two opponents a t the 1973 Leningrad I nter-
zonal , Black continued 6 . . . Nc6 7 d5 Nb8 . Today ' s 6 . . . Bg4 i s con s i d-
ered s tronge r .

7 Be3 Nc6 8 Qd3

White ' s novelty sent h i s opponent i n to h a l f an hour ' s contempl ation .

( Ag a i n st both Adorj a n and T imman in 1977 tournament s , Ka rpov p l ayed
8 Qd2 . ) ft
During t h i s period , Dr . Zoukhar entered and took a seat with the Soviet
Delegation . ( Way to the rea r , in the r a i se d permanent seats - or balcony ,
as local j ourn a l i s t s c a l led i t . )
Amb a s s a dor and Mrs . Mikhailov moved b ack to sit either s i de of Colonel
B aturinsky in the s ame Soviet g a l l ery .

8 . . . e5 9 d5 Nb4

ft F acing an unfamiliar continuation , Korchnoi prob ably feared some home­

cooked surprise and therefore avoided playing the natural 9 . . . N e 7 . How­
ever , the knight is not on i t s best square at b4 , as Karpov demonstrates .

1 34
 Game Eighteen 135

10 Qd2 aS 11 h3

Other moves were a l so possible - 11 R a d 1 , for i n s t a nce , or 1 1 a3 .

Since the exchange of b ishop for knight on f3 is unfavorable for Black in
t h i s position , Karpov turns h i s attention to the king side .

1 1 . . . Bd7 12 BgS Qe8 13 Nh2 Kh8

King ' s I ndian-style continuations like 13 . . . Nh5 would be in appropriate

for B l ack here . White ' s pieces a re better mobilize d , a n d after 14 Bxh5 gxh5
15 Rael he can meet f7-f5 effectively with f2-f4 . Black ' s l a st move
frees the humb l e r but s afer square g8 for this knight .

14 a3

1 4 Rael w a s also possible , or even the immediate 14 f4 . The Champion

wishes to t r a de off the dark-squared bi shops ; therefore , first he drives the
knight away from his c-pawn .

14 . . . Na6 15 Bh6 Bxh6 16 Qxh6 Ng8 17 Qe3

T h i s i sn ' t b a d but 17 Qd2 w a s also possible , with the idea of a n swer­

ing 1 7 . . . f5 with 18 f4 and opening up the position favorably .

17 . . . f5

Now Ka rpov refrains from playing 18 f4 because of the possibility 1 8 . . .

·g5 ! ? A simil ar sacrifice occurred in Karpov-Keene during the l a st European
Team Championshi p . White managed to win t h a t g ame , but perhaps Black
could have played bett e r .

18 exf5 Bxf5 19 Racl

The rook doe sn ' t intend to stay on this square very long . White plans
f2-f4 soo n . :fr.

19 . . . Nf6 20 g4 Bd7 21 f4 exf4 22 Qxf4 Nc5 23 Reel Nfe4

R i t a Mataragnon left the h a l l for a few moment s . Upon returning , she

moved up to the fourth row ; clearly vi sible to the players , with no other
spectators between her and the stage .
:fr. Korchnoi is trying to close off the e-file . l t i s clear that this and
Black ' s next few moves are e s sentially forced .

24 Qe3 Qe5

CS - K
136 Game E i ghteen

The only way to p arry White ' s thre at s , the most dangerous of which i s
2 5 Bf3 . T h e weakness a t g3 allow s B l a c k t o avoid the loss o f m ater i a l .

25 Nxe4 Nxe4

After 25 . . . Qxe4 , 26 Qc3+ wou l d be very unpleas ant for B lack .

26 Bf3

26 B d3 also looked possible , but then 26 Rxfl+ 27 Rxfl Ng5

28 Qxe5+ dxe5 would bring about an ending in which the b ishop does not
s t a n d b e s t on d3 . Now Karpov invites 26 . . . Qg3+ , which would give White
a powerful attack after 27 Kh 1 .

26 • • • N g5 27 Qxe5+ dxe5 28 B g2

Sharper play - 28 Rxe5 N xh3+ 29 Kg2 Nf4+ 30 Kg3 h6 ( or even 30 . . .

g 5 ! ? ) - offers White nothing concrete . But in t h i s endgame , Karpov h a s a
l a st i n g advant age .

28 • • • Rxfl+ 29 Nxfl Re8 30 Nd2 a4

Of course B lack does not l ike putting a pawn on the same color as h i s
b i s hop , but he feared ( and not without rea son ) t h e advance o f White ' s
queen s i de p aw n s . For exampl e , o n 3 0 . . . N f7 , 3 1 b4 looks very good .

31 Re3

The attempt to break t h rough immedi a tely w i t h c2-c4-c5 might be met by

31 ... b6 32 Rc1 R b 8 .

31 • • • Kg7 3 2 Kf2 Re7 3 3 c4

Now t h a t B l ack ' s rook h a s left the 8th rank , the c4-c5 i dea is operative
once a g a i n .

33 • • • b6 34 Rc3 h5

The only possibility of p roducing any k i n d of counterpl ay . At t h i s

momen t , Korchnoi h a d f i v e m i n u t e s r e m a i n i n g a n d Karpov twenty . Howeve r ,
t h e Champion spent a long t ime thinking about h i s next move a n d thus h a d
to hurry for the n e x t p h a s e o f t h e game . White looked at taking the h-pawn
here , followed by h3-h4 , but concluded that he should not give up g4 to h i s
opponent . The move pl ayed i s t h e strongest .

35 Kg3 hxg4 36 hxg4 Be8 37 c 5 bxc5 38 Ne4?

 Game Eighteen 137

T h i s should h a ve been put off a whil e . The simple recapture on c5

would have g iven Black h arder problems to solve , especially considering h i s
severe t i m e shortage . B u t now B l ack gets o u t o f h i s t i m e trouble in good
shape.

3 8 . . . Nxe4 3 9 Bxe4 Kf6 40 Rxc5 Kg5

Here the game w a s adj ourn e d . White h a s maintained h i s positional

a dvantage , owing to the pawn weaknesses at a4 and c7 . However , his own
g4-pawn needs constant defense a n d the Black rook is j us t w aiting for a
chance to become active on the f- or h-file . ft
Considerable excitement w a s created throughout the foregoing ses sion by
the highly visible debut of two more Korchnoi supporters ( in a ddition to the
unob t rusive Rita Mataragnon ) .
I dentified a s Steven Dwyer and Victor i a Shepherd , they wore ankle­
length white g arments surmounted by a saffron-colored outer robe . He
a ssumed the lotus position most of the time and stared straight ahead in
medita tion . She concentrated alternately on D r . Zoukh a r and on the players .
Victoria s a t j us t across the aisle and one row above Zouk h a r for much of the
evening , while Steven remained rooted to his c h a i r i n the top row of the
g a llery , above and one section closer to the stage than the Soviet s .
Local j ournalists identified the young couple a s Americans who h a d
become members o f an I n d i a n s e c t known a s the A n a n d a M arg a .

4 1 Bd3

ft The sealed move . White would l ike to b ring the bishop to d1 and then
attack the a-pawn with his rook , too - but this i s far from being simple .

41 . . . Rf7 42 Be2 Rh7 43 Bf3 Rf7

For the time being , Black keeps to his w aiting g ame . ft

D r . Zoukha r w a s in the top row of the four reserved for the Soviets in
the rea r g allery . No sign of Rita nor of the Ananda M a r gi i .

44 Rc4 Rh7 45 Rb4

ft 45 Re4 w a s worth looking a t in order to meet 45 . . . Re7 ( not 45 . . .

Kf6 , in view of 46 g5+ ! Kf5 47 Rg4 , with a sudden acces s ion of m ating
threats ) with 46 Kf2 , bringing the king ne a re r to center . But there would
be no re ason to c a l l White ' s advantage decisive i n that line , either .

45 . . . Re7 46 Kf2

White ' s p l a n c a l l s for putting h i s rook on the seventh . R ight now ,

thoug h , this leads nowhere ; B l ack h a s the t actical resource 46 Rb7 e4
138 Game Eighteen

47 d6 R f7 !

46 • • • Bd7

Forced . Black prepares to advance the e-p awn . After repeating moves
to help m ake the time control , Karpov enters the main v a r i ation .

47 Kg3 Be8 48 Kf2 Bd7 49 Ke3 e4 50 Bxe4

In the beginning , White planned to play 50 B d 1 Bxg4 51 Bxa4 Bf3 !

( 5 1 . . . B f5 is inferior because of 52 Bc2 ) 52 Bc6 or Bc2 ; but , finding h i s
t i me running short , Karpov avoided t he complica tion s .

50 • • • Kxg4 5 1 Kf2 Kg5 52 Bc2 ReS 53 Bxa4

If White p l a y s 53 d6 first , then after 53 cxd6 54 Bxa4 Bxa4

55 Rxa4 , B l ack ' s i solated p awns in the rook endgame seem to be no weaker
t h a n White ' s duet .

53 • • • Bxa4 54 Rxa4 Rxd5 55 Ke3 Rb5

The most accurate defen sive plan . Black walls in the enemy rook ,
which c a n then only travel in one direction .
.,.,
56 b4 ReS+ 57 Kd4 Kf4 58 Ra8 g5 59 Rc8

B l ack must still defend c a refully .

59 • • • Re4+ 60 Kd5 ReS+ 61 Kc6 g4

White will sooner or l ater h ave to g ive up h i s rook for this p a w n .

6 2 Rxc7 g3 6 3 Kb6 g2 6 4 R c l Kf3

After this move , Karpov offered a draw verb ally and directly to his
opponent ; Korchnoi accepted . T imes used 4 : 02 - 4 : 07 .
White ' s pawns cannot s t a rt a m arch to victory , since 65 a 4 i s met by
65 . . . Kf2 , while after 65 Rg1 Kf2 66 Rxg2+ Kxg2 67 a4 Kf3 and Black ' s
king comes back j us t i n time to support the rook . ft
Several newcomers in the audience today . I dubbed one the "Gallery
M a n " ( for lac k of a proper n ame ) a n d gue s s e d him to be R i t a ' s replacement .
He s a t in the g allery section closest to the stage , facing Karpov , and moved
several times from a low to a high row and back again . He spent most of
the three hours sitting stiffly erect , either with h i s eyes closed or fixed
steadily upon K arpov .
 Game E ighteen 139

Others who seemed to have little interest in the g ame c ame and went ,
s a t in v arious rows and d i d an uncommon amount of staring at either Karpov
or Zouk h a r .
D r . Zouk ha r , for h i s p a rt , a t one point gl ared so h a r d a t Korchnoi
t h a t h i s eyes t h re atened to pop out . In the dimly-lit rear of the auditorium ,
however , he could not pos sibly h ave been discernible to the players .
W i l l the "good" r a y s overcome the "evil" r a y s ? And whose r a y s fall in
which c ategory ?
 A Shorter Brea k

Monday , 4th September

The Philippine Chess Federa tion

req uests the p lea sure of your company
at a dinner in honor of
The First L a dy
Mrs. Imelda Romu a ldez Marcos
on the occasion of the
World Chess Championship Match
on Sep tember 4 , 1 978 at 7 : 00 in the evening
at the Baguio Convention Center

As usua l , it rained . The entertainers departed from M a n i l a by b u s

v e r y early i n the morning and reached B a g uio b e fore a mudslide and miscel­
l a neous boulders temporarily blocked the roa d s . B y afternoon , not even the
b i r d s were flying and there was no way that the First L a dy ' s flight could
come in for a l anding . The chess community would certainly have been
honored by the presence of M r s . M a rcos and was s i ncerely di s appointed when
the inclement weather kept her away . Howeve r , the F i r s t L a dy requested
t h a t the affair go on a s if she were present , according to Florencio Campo­
m a ne s , and it w a s a memorable evening .
Festivities s t a rted at 7 : 00 pm with cock t a i l s in the lobby of the Con­
vention Cente r . A wonderful loosening-up interval before the doors opened
into a n auditorium which h a d been so beautifully decorated and set for
dinner t h a t it w a s h ardly recognizable a s the same h a l l in which the games
were p l a y e d .
F e d e r a l J ustice R a mon Gaviol a , C h a i r m a n o f the B o a r d o f the P h i l ippine
Chess Fede r ation , had K a rpov on his right and Korchnoi on h i s left a t the
onstage t able for the guests of honor . E ach took evident plea sure in the
dinner and show , but J u s t ice Gaviola later said that the two protagonists
would not speak with one another a n d h e had difficulty in dividing his time
between them .
D inner music w a s provided by J oe N ichola s and Hi s M a n i l a Strings ,
very smooth a n d lovely . Then the entertainment , alternate numbers b y the
U niversity of the P h i l ippines M adriga l Singers and the profe s s ional B ay anihan
P hilippine Dance Company - the very troupe , coinc i dentally , which Korchnoi
and friends h a d enj oyed i n M a n i l a j us t a few evenings earl ier .
Toward the end of the show , Korchnoi became the first of the princip a l s
to excuse h i m s e l f and l e a v e the h a l l . He h a-d scheduled a soothing medi-

140
 A Shorter Break 141

t a t ion s e s sion with the Ananda M a r g i i , to be followed by a long night ' s

sleep a s a n important p art of h i s preparation for tomorrow ' s g ame .
The two c a m p s w arily kept their d i stance during cockta i l s , dinne r , and
the show . I n h i b i tions were shed a n d the w a l l coll a p se d , however , during
the s i ng ing , drink ing , and dancing which followed . Even Karpov imbibed a
b i t a n d he w a s b u s sed on the cheek by two of the lover dancer s . Anatoly
left for his quart e r s , howev e r , before eleven o ' clock . L ater , everyone else
i ntermingled and really h a d a p arty . M ichael Stean and Mikha i l T a l , for
example , became drinking buddies a n d there were m a n y m ixed duets and
quartets . To the lilting strains of Viennese w a l t zes , the controve r s i a l D r .
Zouk h a r became a smiling p u s sycat and t h e s t a r of t h e dance floor w i t h one
nubile F i l i p i n a after another . By the t ime the w aiters packed up and
closed the b a r s , there were a sufficient number of guests behaving h i lar­
iously to indicate that some would suffer in the morning .

Tuesday , 5th September

At 1 1 : 25 a m , Karpov reque sted a n d w a s autom atically g r a n ted the second

of the three postponements to which he was entitled during the i n i t i a l 24
games . No doubt Anatoly was in good shape , but a few of h i s aides may
not h ave been in prime condi t ion for the usual several hours of phy s ical and
mental exercise in which they customarily engaged with Karpov preceding
e ach encounte r . The Worl d Champion a n d p a r t o f h i s entourage left B aguio
to spend a day a t the seashore .
F ather J aime Bulatao spent the afternoon and early evening at the
P ines Hotel . The professor h a d j ourneyed from Manila to counsel Korchnoi
b e forehand and then to attend the now-cancelled g ame . A pleasant , e a si l y­
met m a n , F ather Bulatao spent an hour or two closeted privately with Viktor
and i ntroduced several of h i s d i sciples who studied or worked in B a guio .
Foremost among them , it developed , w a s my "Gallery M a n " of g ame eighteen .
B el gia n by b i r t h and c i t i zenship , he resided loc a lly a n d h i s name w a s Luc
Clae s .
Korchnoi spent yet another morale-building hour j us t before m i dnight
when he received lessons in t r a n scendental meditation from Steven Dwyer and
Victori a Shepher d , whose Ananda M a r g a designations were D a d a and D i d i .
Viktor h a d been much c almer and more relaxed since h i s return from
M anile and p o s sibly t h i s could be attributed to one or both of the a fore­
mentioned and d i sp arate groups .

Wednesday , 6th September

With no c h e s s to demand their attention , the omnipresent journ a l i st s

concentrate d more than ever o n peripheral stories . The most sens ation a l of
these revolved around Steven Dwyer a n d Victoria Shepherd ( Da d a a n d D i d i ) .
I t w a s learned t h a t t h i s m ild-m annered couple h a d been t ried in February on
charges of stabbing an I n di a n diplom a t in M a n i l a and each sentenced to 1 7
y e a r s impri sonment . T h e i r c a se h a d been appealed and they were out on b a i l
p e n d i n g a hearing ( or retrial ) .
Be t h a t a s it may , Korchnoi liked them and seemed to be relaxing
under their guidance . With Petra making it a foursome , there w a s another
meditation s e s s ion tonight .
 GAME NINETEEN

Thursday, 7th September

Korchnoi-Karpov
Catalan Opening

1 c4 Nf6 2 g3 e6 3 Bg2 dS 4 Nf3 Be7 5 d4 0-0 6 Nbd2

ft We remind our readers t h a t in the 1 5th g ame this position w a s a l so

reached , and White pl ayed 6 Nc3 . Karpov continued 6 . . . dxc4 7 Ne5 Nc6 ,
obt aining an excellent position . T h i s time Korchnoi varies , but the line he
tries h a s been known for a long time as one which yields little for White .

6 . . • b6 7 0-0 Bb7

B l ack intends to take at c4 , if a llowe d , a n d then to equ a l i ze with the

freeing a dv ance . . . c7-c5 . White prevents this by exchanging in the center
h im s e l f .

8 cxdS exdS 9 Ne5 Nbd7

9 . . . c5 , leaving t he QN at horne for a w hile , w a s another possibility ;

then the knight m ight develop via a6 to c7 a n d e6 . On 10 dxc5 bxc5
1 1 Nb3 , B lack woul d continue 1 1 . . . a5 , and after 12 Be3 Qc7 ! forces White
to retre a t , since 1 3 Bf4 is well met by either 1 3 . . . Qb6 or 1 3 . . . g 5 .

10 Ndf3 cS 1 1 b3 aS

Choosing a p l a n in this position i s a matter of .taste . Those who love

142
 Game N ineteen 143

to play with a n i solated pawn would h ave continued 11 . . . cxd4 1 2 Bb2 Ne4 .
K arpov prefe r s the "hanging pawn" center . J udging from the game 1 s further
cours e , such a treatment seems completely j us t i fie d . With h i s l a s t move ,
B l ack p l a n s a c tive operations on the queenside ; among other thing s , he
intends the further advance of his a-pawn .

12 Bb2 Ne4 13 Rc1 ReS

T h i s quiet move em"pha s i zes the somewhat awkward pl acement of the

White p iece s . O n 1 3 . . . Bd6 , B l ack would h a ve h a d t o reckon with 1 4 N h 4 .
But now W h i t e i s practically forced to t rade off the k n i g h t a t d7 , thereby
untying his opponent s h a n d s .
1

14 Nxd7 Qxd7 15 Ne5 Qe6 16 Nd3

Per h ap s , here or a move e a r l ie r , White should have settled for the

humble e2-e3 . The attack on the c-pawn i s illusory , as B l ack s response 1

clearly demons t r a te s .

1 6 . . . Bd6 !

The knight should not be allowed to go to f4 . Now . . . c5-c4 is t h re a t­

ened , so White s next move is nece s s ary .
1

17 dxc5 bxc5

The c-pawn is taboo . 18 Bxe4 Qxe4 19 N xc5 Bxc5 20 Rxc5 d4 21 f3

Qe3+ 22 Rf2 d3 ! is more t h a n j us t uncomfortable for White .
An amusing s i deline occurs after 18 B a 3 . Black h a s a t h i s d i spos al
the tactical resource 18 c4 , to which White must reply 19 Nf4 , since
1 9 Bxd6 cxd3 20 Ba3 f a i l s a g a i n s t 20 . . . Nc3 ! ( or N xg3 ) . And on 18 f3 ,
the quiet 18 . . . N f6 i s good ; or there i s the tempting p iece s acri fice 18 . . .
N xg3 1 9 hxg3 B xg3 , with serious threats .

18 e3 a4 19 bxa4 Ba6

And so Black is the first to begin operations on the queenside . The

text i s stronger t h a n the obvious 1 9 . . . Bc6 , when White could either play
20 Nb4 - when the bishop has to return to b7 - or 20 Bxe4 Qxe4 2 1 N xc5
Bxc5 22 Rxc5 d4 23 f3 Qe3+ 23 Rf2 , with White a pawn to the good .

20 Re1 Bxd3

Nothing comes of an attempt to attack the king : 20 . . . Qf5 carries the

threat of 2 1 . . . N xg3 , but White h a s the defense 2 1 N f4 Bxf4 22 gxf4 ! ( exf4
d4 is weaker ) , a n d the unopposed b i shop on b2 restricts B l ack 1 s option s . So
144 Game N ineteen

he restores the material b a l ance , retaini ng some a dv antage .

21 Qxd3 Rxa4 22 Qb3

Obviously the only way to defend the a-paw n . After 22 f3 , c4 ! looks

very good , bringing the k n i ght via c5 to d3 . And on 22 Rcdl , Black h a d
t h e following com b i n ation : 22 Nxf2 ! 23 Kxf2 Rxa2 24 R d2 Rxb2
25 Rxb2 Qf6+ , ending up w i th a pawn plus and good winning chance s , in
spite of the b i shops of oppos ite color .

22 Raa8

The natural 22 . . . Rb4 would take the rook away from the attack on
the a-paw n , and on 22 . . . Rea8 White could play 23 Redl c4 24 Qb7 , when
the counterattack on the d-pawn equ a l i ze s . White might hit the center p awn
here , too : 23 R c d l , and after 23 c4 24 Qb5 Rxa2 25 Bxe4 Qxe4
26 Qxd5 Qxd5 27 Rxd5 Bf8 , Black h a s only a minimal edg e .

2 3 Bxe4 dxe4 24 Qxe6 Rxe6 25 a 3 Ra4 26 Redl f6 2 7 Kfl Kf7

Here some p l a n involving the advance of the k in g s i de p a w n s w a s worth

looking into .

28 Rc2 Be7

The king c a nnot support the pa s s e d c-pawn and the d-file is closed to
him , due to the pos sible c a pture on c 5 . So Karpov takes the serious step of
al low i n g the enemy rook into h i s l i ne s , pl anning to hunt it down later .

29 Rd7 Rb6

29 Rc6 w a s more c autious .

30 g4?
 Game N i neteen 145

In the 17th g ame , Karpov m a de the mistake of not capturing 38

Rxc5 . And here it is Korchnoi who " stumbles" on that s ame square .
30 R xc5 ! w a s p erfectly p l ayable and then it would h a ve been Black ' s turn to
work for a draw . 30 . . . Ke6 31 Rcc7 Bd6 32 Rb7 Rxb2 33 Rxd6+ ! would
be bad for Black . He would probably have played 30 . . . Ke8 3 1 Rcc7 B d6 ;
then a fter 32 Rxd6 ! Rxd6 33 Rxg 7 , w i t h two p a w n s for the exchange White
would be r is k ing nothing . B u t Korchnoi missed t h i s chance .

30 • • • Ke6 31 Rc7 Ra8

Threatening 32 . . . Kd6 33 R7xc5 Rxb2 .

32 Rd2 g6

32 R d8 w a s n ' t b a d , either ; a fter White ' s only pos s ible reply

33 Rc2 , Black continues 33 . . . R d3 . I n stea d , Black decides to put h i s k ing-
side p awns on better squares ; but White finds a tactical s a l v ation .

33 Kg2 f5

Here , too , he shoul d h ave played 33 . . . R d8 first .

34 g5 !

T h i s move turns out to be pos s i b l e , since 34 R d8 loses now to

35 Rxe7+ ! Kxe7 36 B f6+ Rxf6 37 gxf6+ . Because he cannot exchange rooks ,
Black must accept the repeti t ion . And that ' s how the g ame ends .

34 • • • R d6 35 Rc2 Rda6 36 h4 R8a7 37 Rc8 Ra8 38 Rc7 R8a7 39 Rc8 ,

Draw n . T i m e s used 2 : 26 - 2 : 27 . ft

* * * * *

L e s s t h a n a week a g o , it appeared t h a t the match h a d been s aved from

foundering - h a d even been set upon a less turbulent course - when B a t ur­
insky and Keene si gned their compromise agreement resolving certa i n p a s t
difficulties and w h e n Korchnoi returned from M a n i l a .
Tonight there h a d been an abundance of new storm s i g n a ls .
Luc Claes h a d enlisted pl atoons of psychology studen t s in Korchnoi ' s
cause . Attendance practically doubled as these earnest young people scat­
tered by twos and threes throughout the audience , most of them not under­
s tanding chess but all straining to will positive results for Korchnoi and
doing their utmost to short-circuit whatever energy Dr . Zouk h a r might be
attempting to t ra n smit from the rear of the hall to either t a rget on the stage .
Luc himself w a s the most visible presence among t h i s Bul a t ao g roup .
He wore a white j acket which stood out even in the darkened auditorium , and
he con s tantly changed places . F i r s t he s a t in the g a llery section adj acent
to the Soviet Deleg ation , between i t and the stage . Next , high up in the
right g a llery and a s close to the players a s permitte d ; then down to floor
level . Much of the time he s a t with feet firmly plante d , body erect , arms
straight with hands c l a sping h i s legs j us t above the knees , head up and
eyes closed .
And then there were our two member s of the Ananda M a rg a .
Victoria ( Di d i ) h a d p a i d her admission and entered e arly ( after a n
a rmed guard a t the entrance h a d s e a rched her large straw handbag ) . Her
a p parel w a s normal for a n Ananda M a r g a - wh i te s k i rt to the ankle s , s affron
j acket with a hood which covered her h e a d - but it did focus m a ny eyes upon
her .
She selected an a i s l e seat , one row above the Soviets and in the
146 Game N i neteen

g al lery section immediately adj acent to theirs . Several of the Soviets

retreated to the press room and watched the game on i t s demonstration
board , but Zoukhar s tayed put .
At 5 : 15 , Steven ( Da d a ) w a s stopped by security men when he appeared
- a l so i n Ananda M a r g a g arb - a t the entrance to the Cent e r . Petra
Leeuwerik interve n e d , s a y i n g " He i s o u r friend and h a s j us t a s much right
to see the rna tch a s Dr . Zoukha r , who i s a lready i n si de the h a ll . "
I n order not to d i s turb the g ame in progre s s , which Petra threatened
to do , security a llowed D a d a to enter . He took a s e a t h i g h above the
Soviets and a s sumed the lotus position .
Now the a t tendance w a s swelled further by perhaps a dozen security
men who placed themselves near Dada and Didi and also in a loose protec­
tive cordon around the Soviets .
N o wonder Luc and h i s neatly dre s sed , well-behaved students went
l argely unnoti ce d !
B aturinsky h a d severa l things to say during the evening , mostly to
Campom a ne s , mainly that he a n d others in h i s group felt " i n secure" with the
Ananda Margii playing so much attention to them .
B l i s sfully , neither p l ayer gave any sign of being disturbed by a l l of
t h i s audience activity .
P oor Ray Keene , however , could see h i s c arefully-structured detente
crumbling with e ach distraction in the auditorium . H i l a riously though , in
retrospect , he h a d been visited at lunchtime by Luc Clae s . That worthy had
asked R a y to keep the Ananda M a r g i i out of the h a l l , claiming t h a t they
were quacks whose presence would detract from h i s own p a r a p sycholog i c a l
efforts . O d d t h a t o n e group w h i c h h a d come to Korchnoi ' s a i d actively
opposed the othe r !
 GAME TWENTY

Saturday and Sunday, 9th and l Oth September

The J ury met at 1 1 : 30 this morning in response to a reques t from Chief

Organizer Campom anes , primarily to hear from M e s s r s . B aturinsky and Keene
on the introduction of Ananda M a r g i i into the already delicate match s i t­
u ation . He then promis e d to ca refully consider their comments , and also one
volunteered by Chairman Lim , before announcing a deci sion this a fternoon .
J us t before g ame time , h i s office distributed t h i s letter .

September 9 , 1 978
TO : ALL PRINCIPALS

A fter protracted con sulta tions with loc a l and foreign chess officials, and
in keeping with the dignity of the World Chess Ch ampion ship Ma tch , we h a ve
decided to disallow entran ce into the Karpov-Korchnoi games by persons of
known crimin a l record who could in any way a lter the cordial a tmosphere
recently brought a b o u t by the agreement rea ched between the representa tives
of b oth players .
We regret th a t Mr. Korchnoi h a d the m isfortu n e to choose such persons
with records . We therefore offer to provide h im with persons of e q u a l if not
b etter c ap a b ilities to p u t his mind at ease and to strengthen his will to win
even if we h a ve to secure them from a broa d .
I n view, however, o f the m any factors tha t h a d t o b e con sidered, of
the l a te hour of this decision , a n d in fa irness to the world cha llenger, we
are for the 20th game only a llowing s a id persons to enter the premises of the
ma tch site provided th a t they follow the commonly a ccepted mode of a ttire and
b eh a vior, which shall b e conveyed to them upon their seeking admission .
From the 2 1 s t game onward, a n d for the rea sons indica ted a bove, their
a dmission shall be tota lly disa llowed.
(Origin a l signed)
FLORENCIO CAMPOMANES
Match Organ izer

Korchnoi , wearing a s affron-colored necktie which D a d a h a d presented

to him this afternoon , did not know a t g ame time of Campo ' s deci sion .

1 47
148 Game Twenty

Karpov-Korchnoi
Caro-Kann Defence

1 e4 c6 2 d4 d5 3 Nd2 dxe4 4 Nxe4 Nf6 5 Nxf6+ exf6

.ft One m i ght expect the double-edged 5 . . . gxf6 here , but the specter of a
fifth loss dictates a more con servative a pproach . I n the s y s tem played ,
however , Black does not h a ve a n e a sy t ime neutra l i z ing the extra pawn on
the q ueens i de . .ft
Luc Claes , wearing a dark-blue suit and accompanied by several F i l i p ­
i n a s , s e t t l e d i n to a seat directly a c r o s s t h e a i s le from D r . Zouk h a r ( who
kept to the Soviet g allery for five sol i d hours ) .
Dada ( Steven Dwyer ) , wearing white trousers and a long-sleeved blue
shirt , j oi ne d P e t r a in the Korchnoi g a llery .

6 Bc4 Nd7 7 Ne2 Bd6 8 0-0 0-0

.ft B l ack might h ave tried to prevent the imminent development of White ' s
bishop to f4 by p l aying 8 . . . Qc7 ; but then , after 9 Ng3 0-0 10 QhS or
N f5 , h i s k ing ' s w i n g would be threatene d .

9 Bf4

A quiet continuation which guarantees White a small but solid a dvan­

tage. Other moves were also possible , such a s 9 B d3 , with the amusing t ra p
9 . . . Nb6 10 c4 c5? 1 1 b4 !
The next few moves are unders t andable ; both sides are trying to
obt a i n the best development for their pieces . Here we must also take i n to
account the fact t h a t . . . c6-c5 i s not good for Black .

9 . . . Nb6 10 Bd3 Be6 11 c3 Nd5 12 Bxd6 Qxd6 13 Qd2 Rad8 14 Rfe1

g6 15 Rad1 Kg7 16 Be4

Karpov p l a n s to set his queen s i de pawns in motion . I n addition , the

simple c ap ture on dS i s unplea sant for Blac k . Korchnoi retreats h i s knight ,
forestalling t h i s possibility .

16 . . . Nc7 17 b3

17 Qc2 might h a ve been a t r i fle more accurate as a p repa ration for

c3-c4 , since the a-pawn is t aboo 07 . . . Bxa2 ? 18 b3 Qa3 19 N c l ) . The
a dvance of the b-pawn g ives Black a t a rget fe>r counterplay .

17 . . . Rfe8

Black prevents i8 c4 , which would b ring 18 ... Bxc4 . So the b i shop

 Game Twenty 149

must retreat . ft
While thinking about h i s next move , Karpov unconsciously shot his
cuffs . He habitually does t h i s when s a t is fied with h i s g ame .

18 Bb1 Bg4 19 h3?

ft Here I think 19 f3 deserved p reference , in order to avoid further sim­

p li fi c a t ion s . 1 9 . . . Bc8 could b e met w ith 2 0 c 4 Ne6 2 1 Nc3 ! , when Black ' s
combi n a t ion 2 1 . . . Nxd4 22 Rxe8 Rxe8 23 Qxd4 Re1+ 24 Kf2 Qxd4+ 25 Rxd4
R c l would fail ag a i n st 26 ·Ke2 ! Rxc3 27 Kd2 . ft
As u s u a l , Luc and h i s l a dies changed locations frequently .

19 • • • Bxe2 20 Rxe2 Rxe2 21 Qxe2 Nd5

ft B l ack ' s knight simply cannot find a comfortable spot . I t moves t h ree
more times over the next five moves , finally returning to· i t s former p l ace .
2 1 . . . NbS m i g h t have been more active ; then 22 Qe3 Qa3 23 c4 Nxd4 ! i s
b a d for White . 22 R c 1 might be the strongest , but then B lack could advance
h i s c-p a w n . ft
When a waiter b rought K a rpov h i s yogurt ( a s i s routine ) , he a l so
deposited a g l a s s a t Korchnoi ' s elbow . Out o f curiosity , I intercepted the
waiter and a s k e d what he had served to the Chal lenger . "Calamansi ( lime )
j uice , " he s a i d , "with a white powder which Mrs . Leeuwerik put into i t ! "

22 Qd2 Nf4 23 Be4 f5

ft One c a n understand B l a ck ' s w i s h to drive the bi shop from i t s strong

posi tion while s imultaneously activating his inert m a s s of k i ngside pawns ,
but he should have advanced h i s f-pawn a turn or two earlier .

24 Bf3 h6 25 h4

And K arpov ' s desire to nip that proposed activ ation in the bud is a l so
unders t a n d able .

25 • . • Ne6 26 Qe3 Nc7 27 c4

Having regroupe d , White once a g a i n b e g i n s p l ay in the cente r . T he

threat of d4-d5 , which a l so attacks the a-paw n , i s unplea sant enought , but
Black still should have continued quietly with 27 . . . Qf6 . Korchnoi ' s next
move drives the White queen where it has been trying to go for some time .

27 . . • f4 28 Qc3 Qf6

After 28 . . . Kg8 , too , White could continue 29 Qa5 a6 30 Qb6 ; but

now his queen sortie i s even stron g e r .
150 Game Twenty

29 Qa5 !

Now the a-pawn i s indefensib l e : 29 . . . N a6 30 Bxc6 . And the attempt

t o g e t t h e knight back t o a n active position fa l l s short of achievement .

29 Ne6 30 dS cxdS

On 30 b6 31 Qxa7 Nd4 , White could p l a y either 32 Qxb6 or 32 Rxd4

Qxd4 33 dxc3 .

33 cxd5 b6 32 Qa4 !

Perhaps B l ack had expected 32 Qxa7 Nd4 , with adequate counterp l a y .

32 . . . Nc5 33 Qxa7 Nd7

Korchnoi h a d very l i ttle time left here . I think 33 . . . R d7 w a s more

tenacious ; t he combination 34 Qb8 R d8 35 Qc7 Rd7 36 d6? fails to 36
Rxc7 37 dxc7 Qe6 ! 38 Rd8 Qe 1+ 39 Kh2 Qxf2 , drawing . I n stead of 36 d6 ,
however , White h a s better in 36 Qc6 R d6 37 Qe8 .
The attempt to get the knight to eS cos t s B l ack two tempi , in which
t ime White activates h i s pieces to their fullest extent .

34 d6 ! Qxh4 35 Qc7 Qf6 36 b4

The most logical cou r s e . While B l a c k "tunes his strings" on the king-
side , White ' s queens ide pawns make great strides forw a r d . W e may add that ,
here and earlier , moving the knight to eS would be striking at air , so long
as White could c apture on b6 .

36 hS 37 a4 Kh6 38 bS g5 39 Bc6 Nc5 40 d7 Kg7

40 Ne6 might h ave been tougher . .ft

M ichael Stean and P e t r a Leeuwerik , both looking very s a d , left the h a l l
together .

41 Re1

.ft The more practical course would h ave been to seal this move . Black ' s
reply i s , for a l l practical purposes , forced . White might then have ironed
out the most accurate way to win in the quiet surroundings of his quarters .
4 1 aS woul d h a ve been a very good move here , too .

41 . . . Ne6
 Game Twenty 151

Here , after nearly h a l f an hour ' s thought , Karpov s e a l e d h i s move . .ft.

Not knowing what h a d been sealed but expecting 42 Qxb6 , neutral
experts in B aguio ( and the world over ) j udged that Korchnoi w a s lost .
R aymond Keene , deci dedly not a neutra l , even rema rked : " I f Korchnoi pulls
off a miracle by s aving t h i s g ame , 1 s h a l l j oin the Ananda M a rg a . "

4 2 Qd6? ( sealed move )

.ft. White would h a ve h a d a somewhat simpler win by 42 Qxb6 , followed by

the a dvance of the a-p aw n . Black could not have created any dangerous
threats in t h a t time ag ains t the White k i n g .

42 • • • g4 43 Kfl

43 a4 bxa5 44 b6 looked very tempting ; but after 44 N d4 !

45 Qxf6+ Kxf6 46 Ba4 ( 46 B d5 R xd7 47 b7 Rd8 , and White ca nnot play
48 R c l because of 48 . . . Ne2+ ) 46 . . . Ne6 47 R c l Rb8 , Black c a n give up a
piece for enough p awns to equal i t . Anticipating the coming endgame ,
Karpov brings his king closer to the center .

43 . . • g3 44 Qe5 h 4

T h e p a w n ending after 4 4 . . . Qxe5 4 5 R xe5 Kf6 4 6 Rxh5 N c 5 47 R d5

Ke7 48 f3 Nxd7 49 Bxd7 Rxd7 50 Rxd7+ Kxd7 51 Ke2 Kd6 52 Kd3 Kc5
53 Kc3 i s hopeless for B l ack . Now the time h a s come for White ' s b re ak-
t h roug h .

45 aS ! bxa5

B l ack would lose quickly after 45 ... g xf2 46 Qxf6+ Kxf6 47 Rxe6+ !
and 48 a6 .

46 b6 Qxe5

On t h i s and h i s next move , Korchnoi used up nearly all the time

remaining to him - and found the only chance . Among others , Black loses
with 46 . . . N d4 47 Qxf6+ Kxf6 48 Bd5 ! R xd7 49 b7 R d8 50 Rc l . ( T he
k i n g i s on f1 ! - see the note to White ' s 43rd move . )

47 Rxe5 Rb8

47 Nd4 also falls short , but for a different rea son this time ;
48 Be4 ' Rxd7 49 b7 Rd8 50 R d5 .

48 b7 Nd8 49 ReS

CS - L
152 Game Twenty

This is con s i derably stronger than 49 B e 4 , playing for m ateria l .

49 . . . Kf6 50 Rxa5 Ke7 5 1 Ra8 Rxb7 ; whether the exchange or a full
piece dow n , Black can expect to draw .
Karpov puts Black ' s pieces in a position of almost complete s t alemate .

49 • • • Kf6 50 fxg3 fxg3 51 Ke2 Kg7

51 . . . Kf5 w a s tougher , but then White h a d planned the gradual march

of h i s k ing to the queenside , and B l ack ' s counterattack comes too late .
51 Kg7 is a typical time-pressure move . Unexpectedly , however , it
succeeds - because Karpov blunders !

52 Bf3??

After 52 Kf3 f5 ( there ' s no other way to defend the h-p awn ) 53 Kf4
Kf6 54 Bd5 ! a4 55 Rel a3 56 Re2 , Black would be in zugzw ang , forcing
him to quit the f-file : 56 . . . Kg6 , and then White wins with 57 R a 2 Kf6
58 Rxa3 Ke7 59 R a 8 Rxb7 60 Bxb7 N xb7 61 Rh8 Kxd7 62 Kxf5 .
52 Kd3 also seems to work .

52 a4 53 Re4

I t still might not h a ve been too late to bring the b ishop b ack to d5 .
I t appears t h a t , in c a lculating the possible rook ending , Karpov under­
e stimated Black ' s 59th move .

53 • • • Kf6 54 Rxa4 Ke7 55 Rxh4

The win of the exch ange after 55 R a 8 Rxb7 56 Bxb7 Nxb7 would soon
result in a standard drawn position , with rook and g-pawn v s . knight and
f-paw n .

55 • • • Kxd7 56 Rf4?

Karpov m i s s e s an opportunity to make h i s opponent ' s defense more

d i fficult with 56 Rh8 ! Kc7 57 R f8 . There might not h ave been a win in
t h a t event either , but Black wou l d h ave had to defend with exceptional
accuracy to avoid e i ther a losing pawn endgame or the loss of the g-paw n .

56 • . • Kd6 5 7 Rb4 Kc7 58 Rc4+ Kd7 5 9 Bg4+ Ke8 !

After 59 . . . Ne6 60 R f4 ! Ke7 61 Rb4 , White wins an important tempo

and would probably h ave been able to c apture the g3-pawn .

60 Re4+ Kf8 61 Bd7

 Game Twenty 153

It might appear that White has succeeded in regroupi ng ; on 6 1

N xb7 62 Rb4 Ke7 63 Bc6 he wins the exchange , with some chances for vic­
tory . But Black h a s a much more effective approach .

61 . . . Rxb7 ! 62 ReB+ Kg7 63 Rxd8 Rb2+

White c a n only hold onto h i s l a s t p awn by means of 64 Kf3 , but then

64 . . . R d2 w i n s b ack the piece i n a couple of move s . Therefore - Draw .
T imes used (3 : 32 - 3 : 28 ./ ft.

The m i r acle h a d come to p a s s ! Next day , Keene p a rticipated with the

rest of Korchnoi ' s intimates in their yoga c l a s s e s .
Although neither Dada nor D i d i were in the auditorium during t h i s
s e s sion , L u c and h i s ladies were . They concentrated like m ade from begin­
ning to end and laughed together i n a self-congratulatory way when the
result was announc e d .
A f t e r ctinne r , Korchnoi gleefully m e t with newsmen a t t h e b a r of the
P ines Hotel . A sked why h e was suddenly achieving m arkedly better result s ,
he a dmitted t h a t immediate res i g n a t ion would have been in order i f Karpov ' s
s e a l e d move h a d been to c a pture the b-pawn . Viktor d i d , however , say t h a t
he f e l t quite r e l a x e d e v e r s i n c e h i s double postponement o f t h e eighteenth
game .
" Everything i s pos sible , " Grandma ster P anno interposed . "Perhaps now
K a rpov i s t i ring and i t will b e h i s turn t o throw away won game s , as our
m a n d i d e arlier in the match . "
 GAME TWENTY-ONE

Tuesday and Wednesday, 12th and 1 3th September

D a d a and Didi had been banned from the Convention Cente r , but Viktor
Korchnoi continued to spend severa l hours with them each evening . He
seemed to be genuinely convinced that inner peace and strength could be
found t h rough yoga and t h a t i t would make h i m less susceptible to any dis­
turba nce from outs i de influence s . "I no longer worry about Zoukha r , " he
said.
Viktor ' s confidence w a s so much increased by these meditation s e s s ions
that he actually spent 1 t hour s with his Ananda M argii friends late Tuesday
morning . After lunch , an hour with h i s chess aides and then a short rest
b e fore g a me time .
Karpov , on the other h a n d , could not help but be aware of the recent
change s . Specifically , Dr . Zouk h a r was now s itting in the Soviet g a l lery at
the very rear of the h a l l , but the other side was practica l l y flooding the
place with hostile parap sychologist s . Whether o r not b e believed they could
a ffect h i s g ame w a s beside the point ; Anatoly w a s aware of their pre sence
and their hopes . So , he acte d . Ten minutes before this g ame commence d ,
Loth a r Schmid w a s handed the following lette r .

Sep tember 1 2 , 1 9 78
Mr . L oth ar Schmid, Chief A rbiter

Dear Mr . Schmid,
On A ugust 31 , 1 9 78 a compromise agreemen t between the two parties
a imed at the norm a l iza tion of the situa tion h a d b een rea ched. However, a s
it i s ob vious n ow, Mr. Korchnoi and some o f his represen ta tives keep on
intensifying the tension and beha ving uneth ically .
I n the first p lace, i t applies to the unprecedented i n the history of
chess competitions in vita tion for persons sentenced for terroristic a c tivities
to b e present at the 18th, 1 9th and 20th games and a l l the more so to
include them in the cha llenger 1 s delega tion .
Reitera ting for a long time the version of the infl u ence of the Soviet
doctor on the course of the m a tch , and demanding his repla cement and even
ejection from the a u ditorium, Mr. Korchnoi in the meantime h a s invited a
n um b er of psychologists, ,.rho freely loca te themselves in the orchestra stall
or in the immediate vicinity of the Soviet chess delegation .
I am not persona lly a ffected by their presence, b u t as you a lways
stated, a complete p arity in respect to both p articip a n ts must b e observed.
I took in to a ccoun t your requests and tha t of the cha llenger and ga ve

154
 Game Twenty-One 155

up some of my h a b its, which a llegedly annoyed the ch a l lenger. Bearing in

mind your req u es t I, for instance, tried not to turn left a n d right in a
chair, whereas Mr. Korchn oi moved a b ruptly left and right a s well as b a ck
a n d forward . Th u s , the partner on his part does not consider it necessary
to restrict h imself in any way, to which a lso testifies his unethical conduct
during the comp letion of the a djourned 20th gam e : grima ces and gestures
directed to the a u dience demon strated his a ttitude to wha t was h appening
over the chessboard.
Ch allenger 1 s demeanor sets me free a s to the necessity to keep under
con trol my emotions and give up my h a b its, except, it stands to rea son , for
those ca ses when they contradict the regula tions of the m a tch or FIDE Rules .

Respectfully yours,
(Origin a l signed)
ANA TOL Y KARPO V
World Ch amp ion

Schmid showed t h i s communi c at ion only to h i s fel low Arbiters and to

J ury Members Lim and Edmondson . Korchnoi w a s not aware of it during the
g ame .
Petra Leeuwerik , by the way , h a d worn a s affron-colored dress to the
second s e s s ion of g ame twenty and wore it a g a i n to both s e s s ion s of twenty­
one .

Korchnoi-Karpov
Queen ' s Gambit Declined

1 c4 Nf6 2 Nc3 e6 3 Nf3 d5 4 d4 Be7 5 Bf4 0--0 6 e3 c5 7 dxc5

Bxc5 8 Qc2 Nc6 9 Rdl Qa5 10 a3 Re8 ! ?

ft Departing from the 9th Match Game with a novelty i n tournament p rac­
t ice . The idea i s to put the rook on the s ame file as the enemy king and ,
even if B l ack h a s to resort to s a c r i fi ces , to exploit the somewhat l a g g ard
state of White ' s k in g s i de piece development . The concept i s certainly inter­
e s t ing . ft
While Korchnoi thought on h i s 1 1 th , Karpov s tared straight at h i s eyes
very , very briefly and then looked b ac k at the boar d .

1 1 Nd2 e 5 12 Bg5 Nd4 ! ?

ft This w a s the pos sibility underlying B l a c k ' s lOth move . Accepting the
p iece is risky ; after 1 3 exd5 exd5+ 1 4 Ne2 , Black c a n play either 1 4
dxc4 or 1 4 . . . Ng4 15 Bh4 ( to prevent 15 • . • N xf2 16 Kxf2 d6+ ) 15
156 Game Twenty-One

dxc4 and White can decide which way to lose . For example : 16 Qxc4 Ne5
and B lack wins after either h i s pawn or his knight moves to d3 .
White in s t e ad finds the strongest continuation , keeping an eye on the
vital d i a gonal b 1-h7 .

13 Qb1 Bf5 14 Bd3 e4

Bl ack obta i n s nothing concrete from 14 Bxd3 15 Qxd3 Ne4 16

Ncxe4 dxe4 1 7 Qxe4 , since .the White king cannot be kept in the center any
longer . On 1 7 Nb3 , White quietly p l a y s 18 Qc2 Nxd2
. . • 1 9 R x d2 ! ( 19 Qxd2
is w e ak e r , on account of 1 9 . . . Qxd2+ 20 Rxd2 h6 21 Bh4 g5 22 Bg3 f5 ) ,
and the t h re atened b2-b4 a l lows White to complete h i s development .
B l ack ' s s h a rp opening play h a s burned h i s b ridges behind him ; now
he continues to develop h i s initiative , even at the cost of mater i a l . .ft

15 Bc2

At 6 : 30 pm , I made an entry in my notebook . "So far tonight , there

has been nothing remotely obj ec t ionable about the conduct of either p l a yer .
On the contrary , both h a ve been well-behaved a n d , except for not shaking
hands a t the s t a r t , quite correc t . " A tremendous relie f , a s Karpov ' s letter
to Schmid had seemed an omen of possible trouble .
.ft White could a l so have gone a fter material - 15 Bfl would win at l e a s t
a p awn . But the prospect o f p l a y i n g with a n "entombed" kingside must not
have been to h i s l iking .

15 • • • Nxc2+ 16 Qxc2 Qa6

B l ack h a d other continuations at h i s disposal . 16 . . . d4 would appear

to be unfavorable because of 1 7 Nb3 ( 17 Bxf6 could prove dangerous after the
energetic 1 7 . . . dxe3 18 fxe3 Bxe3 ) 1 7 . . . d3 18 Nxa5 dxc2 1 9 Rc l . But
he could h ave p l ayed 16 dxc4 , and a fter 1 7 Bxf6 gxf6 18 N xc4 Qa6
allow s B l ack a comfortable g a m e . S t i l l another p l a n w a s t h e positional pawn
s acrifice 16 . . . Be7 17 Bxf6 Bxf6 18 Nxd5 BeS .

17 Bxf6 Qxf6 18 Nb3 !

18 N xd5 i s weake r , in view of 18 . . . QgS .

18 • • • Bd6 19 Rxd5 R eS

B l ack refrained from the obvious 1 9 . . . Be5 because of 20 N d4 Bxd4

2 1 Rxd4 Qg5 22 Kfl ! , when his i n i t i a tive would h a ve g radually died out .
But the p l a n Karpov actually chooses i s fraught with g reat risk .

20 Nd4 ReS 21 Rxe5

Follow ing h i s course , Karpochnoi avoids close combat ; however , 2 1 f4 !

would h ave put Black in a tight spot , s ince the piece sacrifice 21 . . . exf3
22 N xf5 fxg2 23 R g 1 is insufficient .

21 • • • Qxe5 22 Nxf5 Qxf5 23 0-0

Holding on to the p awn by leaving one ' s king in the center would be a
t h a nkles s undertaking . T h i s leads to a quiet position , in which White h a s a
small positional a dv antage .

23 • • • Rxc4 24 Rd1
 Game Twenty-One 157

24 • • • Qe5?

An unfortunate "win of a tempo" , after which Black ' s difficult i e s multi­

ply appreciably . The quiet 24 . . . Be7 woul d have left him with decent
chances to equ a l i ze . The attempt to p l a y for the win of a pawn by 25 R d4
Rxd4 26 exd4 woul d h ave left White with nothing after 26 . . . QgS ! 27 N xe4
Qd5 28 Qd3 Qa2 . And on 25 Qb3 Qc8 26 R d4 Rxd4 27 exd4 , the simple
27 . . . Kf8 is poss ible .
B lack w a n t s to keep h i s rook on c4 , but cannot for long .

2S g3 a6 26 Qb3 bS 27 a4

This wins a pawn while s imulta n eously t r an s posing into an endg a m e .

K arpov ' s reply i s forced , s ince after 27 • • . R e S White ' s rook goes to d4 ,
with great effect .

27 Rb4 28 QdS QxdS 29 RxdS Bf8 30 axbS aS 31 Rd8 Rxb2

32 Ra8

Thanks to the weakne s s of the l a s t r a nk , White is enabled to c apture

the important aS-pawn . 32 . . . Rb3 fai l s here a g a i n s t 33 N d5 , threatening
N e7+ .

32 • • • f5

Black strive s to coordinate h i s rook and bi shop for an attack on f2 ,

but the pointl e s s-looki ng retre a t of White ' s knight on move 3S cuts t h i s
attempt short .

33 RxaS Bb4 34 Ra8+ Kn 3S Na4 !

T h i s does more than merely w i n a tempo on the rook ; from a4, the
k n ight actively s upports the p a s s e d p awn .

3S • • • Rb1+ 36 Kg2 Bd6 37 Ra7+ Kf6 38 b6 Bb8 39 Ra8 BeS?

I t looks l ike White wou l d have had a much more difficult task a fter
39 . . . Bd6 .

40 NcS Bd6 4 1 b7 Ke7 ( because 4 2 R d8 w a s t h reatene d ) 42 Rg8

Now 42 . . . Kf7 is no good because of 43 R d8 .

42 • • • BeS

A n d the g ame w a s a dj ourned here . ft

158 Game Twenty-One

R e a dy to sea l , Korchnoi looked straight up at the ceiling as though

s e a rching for a concealed TV camera or a one-way mirror above him ! Then
he d i sappeared b ackstage w ith his scoresheet to w rite down his move . He
reappeare d in a moment a n d sat at the board a g a i n to verify , before sealing
the envelope , that he had chosen a n d correctly recorded the best move .

43 f4 ( se aled move )

.ft The strongest l ine . White sets h i s king free , while the slight weaken-
ing of his pawns makes no difference .

43 • • • exf3+ 44 Kxf3 Kf7 45 Rc8

B l ack could h ave answered 45 R d8 with 45 Ke7 46 R d7+ Ke8

47 R d5 Bb8 48 Rxf5 Bd6 , a n d if 49 Ne4 Be7 . The small amount of material
left would mean real drawing chances for B l ack .

45 • • • Ke7 46 h3

The most energetic l ine might have been 46 e4 fxe4+ 47 Kxe4 B d6

48 Kd5 Bxc5 49 b8Q Rxb8 50 Rxb8 . B l ack h a s n ' t enough time to set up a
fortre s s position ; for that he needs pawns at g6 and h5 , with the b i s hop
- t h i s is the most difficult p a r t - t r a n s ferred to the long diagonal . On the
other h a n d , the text is also good . White intends g3-g4 , a n d only then to
p ick up the excha n g e .

46 h5?

T h i s prevents that plan , but now there are too many Black p a w n s on
the fifth rank . 46 . . . Rb5 w a s bette r .

47 R g8 Kf7 48 Rd8

Now if B l ack goes in for the line mentioned in the note to move 45 , the
h-pawn will be en prise .

48 • • • g5

( see next d i a g r a m )

B l ack h a s a lost position but prepares a l a st desperate tra p . 49 N d3

seems to w i n out of hand ( 49 Nd7 g4+ 50 hxg4 hxg4+ 51 Kf2 Bxg3+ and
52 Rxb7 wou l d force White to solve s izable technical difficultie s ) , but
• . .

after 49 Ke7 50 N xe5 Kxd8

. . • 5 1 b8Q Rxb8 52 Nc6+ Kc7 53 Nxb8 Kxb8
the pawn ending is drawn , as it turns out , in view of 54 e4 Kc7 ! 55 Ke3
( 54 e5 puts White in danger of losing after Kc6 ! ) 55 . . . Kd6 56 Kd4 fxe 4
 Game Twenty-One 159

57 Kxe4 Ke6 . White avoid s this reef by creating a second passed pawn,
w h i c h decides the g am e .

4 9 g 4 hxg4+ 50 hxg4 Ke7 51 Rg8 fxg4+ 52 Kxg4 Kf7 53 ReS Bd6

54 e4 Rgl+ 55 Kf5 g4 56 e5

T here 1 s r e a l ly no need for the firework s ; 56 B8Q w a s an elementary

win.

56 . . . Rfl+ 5 7 Ke4 Rel+ 58 Kd5 Rdl+ 59 Nd3 Rxd3 6o Kc4 and Black
resigned by stopping the clock and signing his score sheet . Times used
3 : 29 - 3 : 3 1 . ft
T here were no Ananda M a r g i i i dentifiable in the h a l l during the g a m e ,
but there w a s a tremendous amount of moving abou t , s taring , m i l d j ostling ,
a n d evident a nimosity between v a r ious p a rtie s . Dr . Zoukh a r remained in the
Soviet g allery , but Rosh a l , Krylov , and others were constantly in and out of
the fourth row orchestra ( floor-level ) s e at s . Luc Claes and a goodly number
of his cohorts a l ternately meditated and changed their location s . Sever a l
F i l ip ino security guards were a lw ay s in close protective proximity t o the
Soviet Delegation ( some of whose members looked quite c apable of p roviding
their own protection ) . Petra Leeuwerik couldn t s i t still , nor coul d anyone
1

in Korchnoi 1 S g roup . They trotted b ac k a n d forth dozens of times between

the h a l l and the down s t a i r s press room or coffee shop .
Amazi n g ly - or perhaps not - neither player seemed at all aware of
t h i s c e a seless activity in the audience .
When the g ame ende d , Karpov departed hurriedly t h rough h i s dres s ing
room and the entire Soviet contingent d i sappeared with h i m .
Korchnoi , a s might be expec te d , l ingered for a few moments and
s avored the sweetness of h i s win . One of the first persons to reach him as
he came offst a g e was Luc Clae s , who enthusiastically clasped his h a n d . Then
a gaggle of j ournalists p ractically overwhelmed Viktor , who briefly l aughed
and b a ntered with them before h e a d ing tow a r d the P ines Hotel for h appy
a n a l y s i s with t h i s a i de s .
T h e score now stood a t 4-2 ( KarpOV 1 S a dvantage ) , with 15 draw s .
 GAME TWENTY- TWO

Thursday and Friday, 1 4th and 1 5th September

Sep tember 13, 1 9 78

The Ma tch Jury
World Chess Championship , Baguio City

Dear Sirs :
In view of the lega l informa tion con ta ined in the decision (copy of
which you h a ve received today) of the Circuit Crimina l Court, 7th Judicial
Division, we are constra ined to protest the a ssociation , in a n official cap­
a city, of Mr. Steven Dwyer and Ms . Victoria Shepherd with the World Chess
Ch amp ionship Match .
Their continued a ssocia tion , with its implica tions and consequences,
will compel u s to a sk for a technical recess of the Match un til this q uestion
is resolved by th e Jury . This failing, we are left n o a l ternative b u t to
termin ate this Match for rea sons of genera l and persona l security.
The Commanding General of the Philippine Constab ulary (na tion a l police)
in the area h a s been apprised of the critica l situa tion .

Very truly yours,

(Origin a l signed)
FLORENCIO CAMPOMANES
Match Organizer

If t h i s letter strikes you as overly melodramatic , cons ider three fac-

tor s .
1. The court decision referred to w a s t h a t Steven Dwyer ( Da d a ) a n d
Victoria Shepherd ( Di di ) h a d b e e n found guilty o f attempted murder in a n
a s s ault o n an I n di a n E m b a s s y offici a l i n M a n il a . True , the verdict h a d
b e e n appealed and the couple w a s free on b a i l w h i l e awaiting a n e w hearing
- but there w a s ample r e a son for a degree of apprehension or concern on the
p a r t of any responsible orga n i zer .
2. The B aturinsky-Keene agreement prior to g ame eighteen h a d g iven
r i se to hopes that the rema inder of this match might be conducted with a
modicum of decorum . Any such hope w a s b l a s t e d by the w a y the Korchnoi­
Leeuwerik contact with the Ananda M a r g a sect h a d been flaunted , by the
unusual g arb of D a d a and D i d i , and b y the fact t h a t the media promptly
devoted far more attention to the Ananda M a r g i i than to any other a s pect of
the match . Campo w a s repelled by t h i s a ffront , by w ha t he s aw as a n
 Game Twenty-Two 161

insult to the d i g nity and importance of a Worl d Championship M atch which he

h a d gone to immense trouble to promote a s the finest eve r .
3. M i l agros " M i l a " Campomanes , the Chief Org a nizer ' s lovely and
customarily serene w ife , w a s with him in B aguio City most of the time .
While resting a lone in their hotel room , M i l a h a d been d i s turbed by a tele­
phone call from a "non-Filipino m ale" who threatened the l ives of she and
Campo . In all l ik e lihood , t h i s call w a s placed b y some crank not remotely
a s soci ated with the Ananda M a r g a sect - but it was upsetting , to put it
m i ldly .
When the J ury as sembled at 1 1 : 00 am on Thursday morning , Campo w a s
fighting m a d - a s he surely must h a ve b e e n w h e n he wrote h i s letter which
prompted our meeting .
After a compa ratively short discussion , any need for the J ury to vote
w a s obviated by a letter which Ray Keene propose d a n d l ater delivered to
Campomanes by 4 : 30 pm .

Sep tember 1 4 , 1 9 78
Mr. Florencio Campomanes
Match Organizer

Dear Florencio,
In accordance with the n orm a l iz a tion of the Match a tmosphere which we
a l l desire, I can assure you tha t the two mem b ers of the A na n da Marga will
b e departing from the Pines Hotel th is a fternoon . They will a lso desist from
further use of official transport u n a ccomp a n ied by recogn ized princip a l s .
I trus t th a t this new l o w profile to b e m a in ta ined by the two mem b ers
of the A nanda Marga will be of m a teria l a ssistance to you in m a in ta in ing the
security so necessary to the well b eing of the ma tch .

(Origina l signed)
RA YMOND KEENE
Chief Second to Mr. Viktor Korchnoi

Campo , who h a d no real des i re to c ancel the match , w a s s a t i sfied by

Keene ' s s tatement ; he okayed the commencement of today ' s g ame on schedul e .
Despite t h e foregoing storm , l e t i t be recorded t h a t Thursday w a s a day
without rain - only the third such s i nce our m i d-J uly arri v a l .
I n the late afternoon , Korchnoi enj oyed a b rief meditat ion s e s s ion with
Dada and D i d i and then walke d , rather t h a n rode , from his hotel to the
Convention Center - to the amusement of severa l Soviet s , who watched from
the lobby as he trudged uphill .

Karpov-Korchnoi
French Defence

:ft. Few thought t h a t after h i s m i s s e d win in the twen t ieth g ame the Cham­
p ion would not take a dvantage of a t imeout . But he did not , either a fter
the unlucky twentieth or after the twenty-fir s t , in which the Challenger
succeeded in cutting h i s l e a d to two point s . Apparently , Karpov deci d e d
a g ai n s t slow i n g the pace .

1 e4 e6 2 d4 d5 3 Nd2 c5 4 exd5 exd5 5 Bb5+ Bd7 6 Qe2+ Be7

B l ack is not des irous of repeating h i s 6 . . . Qe7 from the s i xteenth g a m e .

7 dxc5 Nf6 8 Nb3 0-0 9 Be3 R e 8 10 Nf3 BxcS

162 Game Twenty-Two

A more attractive possibility for B l ack , according to theory , is 10 ...

a6 , w hich Korchnoi h a s p l ayed on several occ a s ion s .

1 1 NxcS Qa5+ 12 Qd2 QxbS 13 0-0-0

Curiously , this is the first long c a stling in two month s !

13 b6

13 Bg4 w a s the real test line . On 14 h3 Bxf3 , Black gives up h i s

b ishop i n order to ruin White ' s king side p a w n configuration . O n t h e other
h a n d , a n open g-file i n the middlegame , when both sides h ave c a stled on
opposite wings , is a s izable p l u s for White .
With the text , B l ack accepts an inferior g ame w ith no compensation . it
After making h i s 13th move , Korchnoi walked about fifteen feet away
from the table , took out a handkerchief, a n d b l ew his nose . Obviously
troubled by a head col d , he had no more timeouts left until g ame twenty­
five .

14 Nxd7 Nbxd7 15 Kb1 Ne4 16 Qd3 Qxd3 17 Rxd3 Ndf6 18 h3 Nc5

19 Rdd1 Ne6

With Schmid b riefly a b s en t , Korchnoi stood up and com p l a ined to Deputy

Arbiter F i l i p about Karpov ' s alternately swiveling in his chair and p acing
near the tabl e . ( Both h a d occurred a couple of times with Korchnoi on the
move . ) When Schmid reappea r e d , he and Filip conversed for a moment a n d
t h e n the l atter spread both hands a bit i n a " What to do? " motion . T hey
went to their respective armch a i r s and watched the opponents for any fur­
ther s i gn s .

20 c3 bS 21 Nd4 a6 22 Nc2

it T h i s is one of the ideas behind White ' s 20th move . The unplea s ant
23 Nb4 now threaten s .

22 • • • aS 23 Rd3 Rab8 24 Rhd1 h6

25 f4 !

Now the kings ide p awns start moving , with the aim of driving b ack the
hostile c avalry . The immediate threat is 26 f5 Nc7 27 Bf4 and 28 N e3 . ·

With h i s next move , B l a ck prepare s to move this k night to c5 .

25 • • • Rbc8 26 g4

This isn ' t b a d , but I believe 26 f5 Nc5 27 Bxc5 Rxc5 28 Ne3 , w inning
 Game Twenty-Two 163

a p awn , would h ave been more decisive , since after 28 ReS White p l a y s
. • .

29 b4 a x b 4 30 c x b 4 ReS 3 1 N xdS , a n d White ' s f-pawn i s t a boo .

Here Black a lso h a s to g ive up mater i a l , but he manages to obt a in
some counterplay .

26 • • • d4

U n doubtedly the only chanc e . T h i s way , at least , one of the knights

gets a spot in the center .

27 cxd4 NdS 28 Rfl

White certai nly must h ave foreseen the pawn sacrifice a n d i s now re a dy
to defend for a while . 28 fS Nef4 l e d to unnec e s sa ry complication s .

28 • • • b4

White woul d h ave forced t h i s a dvance anyway , by retreating h i s b i s hop

to d2 . Advancing the aS-pawn wou l d h a ve been sensele s s , s ince the White
knight would then h a ve claimed the s quare b4 .

29 Bd2 Re7 30 f5 NgS

Now the h-pawn is en prise . 3 1 h4 Ne4 i s unfavorable to White , and

31 BxgS hxgS weakens f4 . But White had something entirely different
p l a n ne d .

31 Ne3 !

Now i t ' s clear that 31 . . . Nxe3 32 Bxe3 N xh3 fails to 33 Rhl ! NgS
34 BxgS hxgS 3S R dh3 . So B l ack m u s t retre a t .

31 • • • Nf6 32 dS !

M aterial e quality i s restore d , but not for long ! The sluices are opened
for the White piece s , e specially the b ishop .

32 • • • Nxh3 33 d6 Rd7 34 Nd5 NxdS 35 RxdS Ra8 36 Be3 NgS

37 Bb6 Ne4 38 Rfdl a4 39 R5d4 Re8 40 Rxb4 Rxd6 41 Rxd6 Nxd6

42 Bc7 ? ?

P l aying - better yet , openly s e a l i n g - the obvious 42 R x a 4 would h ave

won e as i ly , but K arpov didn ' t like Black ' s getting " the s h adow of counter­
ch ances" after 42 hS . ( These counterchances would c l e a rly h a ve been
i n sufficient . )
164 Game Twenty-Two

The i dea of limiting the enemy knight ' s m aneuvers has merit , but the
most exact solution would h a ve been 42 R d4 Nc8 43 Bc5 , when B l ack i s
helple s s .

42 • • • Rel+ 43 Kc2 NeB

] udging from Karpov ' s reaction , t h i s move must h a ve escaped him com­
pletely . Here , too , he could quite r e asonably h a ve adjourned the g ame .

44 BaS a3 45 Rb8? Re7

46 Bb4?

46 bxa3 w a s still a win ; or 46 b4 .

46 • • • Re2+ 47 Kd3?

The l a s t m i s t ake , and the decisive one . Black h a s a draw , where a s

4 7 B d2 a x b 2 4 8 a4 would have left White w i t h out standing chance s . Com-
p a re d to the g ame continuation , he woul d have been two tempi a h e a d .
N o w five hour s o f p l a y h a d elap sed and Korchnoi s e a l e d h i s n e x t move .
Overnight a n a l y s i s showed that Karpov h a d let the win e scape him while
playing the l a st few moves before adj ournment a t blitz speed in a m i staken
effort to exploit h i s opponent ' s problems .

47 • • • axb2 ( se a led move )

A more secure draw w a s p robably available from 47 . . . Rxb2 48 Rxe8+

Kh7 49 Bxa3 ( pl aying for attack leads to nothing : 49 Bc3 Rxa2 50 R f8 f6
or 50 Re7 Kg8 ) 49 Rxa2 ; and , by advancing h i s pawn to f6 , B l ack
sets up a n impregnable fort re s s . The best White could hope for would be the
theoretical draw of b ishop and rook v s . rook , with tiny practical chance s .

48 Bd2

After 48 Bc3 b l Q+ 49 R x b l Rxa2 50 Rb8 Rg2 , we have the endgame

already referred to above . White tries instead to hold on to h i s a-paw n ,
which could become dangerous ag ains t a p a s s ive defense . However , B l ack ' s
5 1 s t move ( a well-timed break on the k i n g s i de ) allows him to bring h i s
k night b a c k i n t o t h e game . White ' s stubborn t r i e s all prove fruitle s s , and
the rest of the g ame needs no comment .

48 Re7
• • • 49 a4 Rd7+ 50 Kc2 Kh7 51 Rxb2 h5 52 gxhS Nd6 53 Ra2
Nxf5 54 aS Nd4+ 55 Kc3 Nc6 56 a6 RdS 57 Bf4 Rf5 58 Bd6 Rd5 59 Bg3
RgS 60 Bf2 RxhS 61 Kc4 Na5+ 62 Kc3 Nc6 63 Ra4 Kg8 64 Kc4 Na5+
 Game Twenty-Two 165

The draw w a s agreed here , silently , when K arpov was the first to sign
h i s scoresheet . T imes used 3 : 34 - 4 : 00 . ft

A g a i n Viktor Korchnoi had miraculously escape defeat - a l l the more

remarkable t h i s t ime because he w a s obviously suffering from a severe head
col d .
B u t K arpov , too , h a d a problem - trouble getting a sufficient amount of
sleep , which certainly doe s n ' t help anyone ' s che s s .
Anatoly ' s penthouse w a s atop the Terraces Apartel ( he and I were the
only chess people in this building ) , which had the Camp J ohn Hay golf course
at its rear . With no rain the p a s t few morning s , at every dawn there h a d
b e e n l awnmowers - " s m a l l one s , medium ones , big ones" - m a k i n g an awful
racket beneath our window s . P l u s the motors and gears for all three e lev­
ators were housed on the roof adj acent to the penthouse - a n added h a z a r d
for Toly a . They thumped and ground whenever a n elevator w a s used ; very
di sturbing .
I n short , for the p a s t week K arpov had very l ittle re st . In p articul a r ,
only five hours prior t o g ame twenty-one ( which h e lost ) . H e w a s actually
falling a sleep a t the chessboard ! ( The pacing and swiveling were evidently
meant to help him stay awake . )
I aske d , "Why not sleep at your vill a ? " Too damp , for one thing , and
too near a road which h a d noisy t r a ffic all night . So he s l ept neither long
nor well , and he had become more and more sensitive to the problem as the
m atch lengthene d . I n t h e j ust-completed game , for example , after t h e initial
time control h a d been made : "I should have sealed but w a s tired and
w anted that fifth win so b a dl y , to bring the match only one point away from
i t s conclusion . I p l ayed on unnece s s arily , and my 46th move w a s p a r t icul­
arly c al amitous . "
To put Ka rpov ' s lead in perspective , we quote B aturinsky on a n old
R u s s i a n proverb : "Don ' t make your fur coat until you h ave shot the bear . "
 GAME TWENTY- THREE

Saturday, 1 6th September

D a d a and Didi h a d settled into the room formerly occupied by Grand­

m a ster and Mrs . Keene at Korchnoi ' s secluded vi l l a , which kept them out of
s i ght but permitted Viktor - and most of h i s offici a l group - to receive yog a
l e s sons a lmost at will . R a y and Annette , on the other hand , seemed not at
a l l put out over h aving but one set of quarters , their room at the P ines
Hotel .
F i n al ly , then , everyone appeare d to be rea sonably content - Karpov
even s a i d t h a t he h a d benefited from a better-than-usu a l night ' s s leep .
Fervently b e l ieving , Petra wore a new , l ighter sa ffron-colored dress to
the game .

Korchnoi-Karpov
Queen ' s Gambit Declined

1 c4 Nf6 2 Nc3 e6 3 Nf3 d5 4 d4 Be7 5 Bf4 0-0 6 e3 c5 7 dxc5

Bxc5 8 Qc2 Nc6 9 Rd1 Qa5 10 a3 Be7

ft Karpov does not repeat h i s novelty of the twenty-first game .

1 1 Nd2 e5 12 Bg5 d4 13 Nb3 Qb6

In the ninth game , Karpov retreated h i s queen to d8 . Now he invites

the White knight to first establish itself on d5 , so t h a t the opposition of
rook and queen will not be so threatening .

14 Bxf6 Bxf6 15 Nd5 Qd8 16 Bd3 g6 17 exd4 Nxd4 18 Nxd4 exd4

19 Nxf6+ Qxf6 20 0-0 Be6

Up to t h i s point , you can find the whole game in theoretical h andbook s .

P revious game s , however , s a w the weaker conti nuation 20 . . . Bd7 . The chief
a i m of the text move i s not to let the enemy b i s hop reach d5 . Now the most
active p l a n for White was probably an immediate 2 1 f4 , followed by f4-f5 .
Howeve r , opening the g ame would enliven the d4-pawn , and Korchnoi i s
avoi ding sh arp confl ict i n favor o f positional m a neuvering . ft
Korchnoi ' s head cold h a d a p p a rently reached i t s most bothersome stage .
He w a s constantly blowing h i s nose , gulping for a i r , holding a h a n d to one
s i de of h i s nostril s , or wiping his runny eye s . These symptom s reminded me
of F i scher ' s on t h a t day in Buenos Aires when Bobby lost h i s one g ame i n

166
 Game Twenty-Three 167

the Candidates M atch against P etros i a n .

Would Viktor rue his inability to take a timeout at this j uncture , a
direct result of h i s having twice postponed game e ighteen?

2 1 Rfe1 Rac8 22 b3 Rfd8 23 Be4 Rc7 24 Qd2

ft The queen a b andons the c-file for a s a fer and h ighly active position .
F rom d2 , it observes both wings .

24 Bg4

It might h ave been better not to g ive White a tempo. 24 ... b6 w a s

s a fe enoug h .

25 f3 Be6 26 a4

Since Black c annot reply ... a7-a5 , White succeeds in creating queen­
side play .

26 b6 27 aS b 5 ! ?

At the start of t h i s g ame , many j ourn a l i s t s were unable to h i de their

surprise that Karpov did not take advantage of his right to a timeout .
"After the shock of the previous g ame , " they rea sone d , " i t w a s t ime to take a
rest . "
T here w a s some discussion of i t , but Anatoly w a s very much in the mood
to play . The move he makes here re a ffirms tha t . After 27 Rd6 or
27 . . . bxa5 , White would h ave only a m i c roscopic a dvantage . Howeve r , t h i s
s h a rp play for complications leads to serious difficulties for Black . Anticip­
ating s l ightly , however , I will say t h a t the t remendous drawing line Karpov
managed to find j ust before the curt a i n in t h i s g ame did more to improve h i s
outlook t h a n three r e s t days .

28 cxb5 Bxb3 29 Rb1 Bd5

I suspect this move w a s not p a r t of Black ' s original p l a n . 29 . . . Rc3

looks much more active , but then the out side pawn becomes a surpri singly
serious threat : 30 b6 a xb6 3 1 a6 , etc .

30 b6 axb6 31 Rxb6

T h i s is stronger than 3 1 axb6 Rb7 32 Bxd5 RxdS 33 ReB+ Kg7 34 Qb4

Qd6 . A n d Black ' s reply , for a l l practical purposes , i s forced . (31 . . . Be6
l e a v e s B l ack wi thout prospects a fter 32 B d3 . )

31 . . . Rc6

CS - M
168 Game Twenty-Three

White gets nothing after 32 Bxd5 Rxd5 33 ReB+ Kg7 , since 34 Qb4 is
not playable in view of 34 . . . Rcl+ 35 Kf2 Qh4+ . And Black has a sturdy
defense to 34 Rbb8 in 34 . . . Qg5 .

The positions most troublesome for Black are those with the bishops
still on . Black ' s bishop runs up against White ' s well-protected pawn at f3 ,
while White ' s supports his threatening passed pawn . The plan which Korch­
noi selects is the one which puts Bl ack in the greatest danger .

32 Rxc6 Bxc6 33 Bd3

The a-pawn ' s advance cannot be prevente d . I n answer t o 33 . . . Bb7 ,

White continues 34 Rb1 , when 34 . . . Ba6 35 Rb6 Rd6 36 Bxa6 loses at once
for Bl ack , and the endgame after 34 Qc6 35 Be4 Qc3 36 Qxc3 dxc3
37 Rxb7 Rd1+ 38 Kf2 c2 39 Bxc2 Rd2+ 40 Kg3 Rxc2 41 a6 gives White
great winning chance s . Karpov finds the one subtle way to save himself.
Above all , the bishops must be exchange d .

33 • • • Bd7 ! 34 a6 BfS 35 Qf4

Strangely enough , this obvious move leads to a forced draw . Black

might have had more problems after 35 R a l .

35 • • • I<.g7 36 BxfS

White could win the exchange here by 36 a7 Bxd3 37 Qb8 , but Black
has an escape hatch : 37 Be2 ! 38 Rxe2 ( 38 a8Q Rxb8 39 Qxb8 gives
Black counterchances ) 38 d3 39 Rd2 Qd4+ 40 Kfl , and Black has his
choice between 40 Qd5 at once or after driving the White king to g3 .

36 • • • QxfS !

All the rules say that such a rook engame is won for White , but in
this case we are dealing with an exception .
Both 36 . . . gxf5 37 a7 and 36 . . . d3 37 g4 would be dangerous for
Black .

37 Qxf5 gxfS 38 R a 1 d3 39 Kf2 Re8

Here ' s the rub : White ' s king is also cut off from his pawn .

40 Ra2 Re7

Now after 41 a7 d2 42 a8Q d1Q White is the first to queen , but it is

Black who will be the first to begin checking . Just emerging from time
pres sure , Korchnoi tries to repeat the position , in order to search for ways
to strengthen it . But matters do not reach a repetition .

41 Rd2 Re6 ! 42 a7 , and Korchnoi took his turn at silently offering a

draw ; he wrote "1-1" on his score sheet and pushed it over for Karpov to
sig n . Times used 2 : 30 - 1 : 53 . it
Viktor must have been happy with a draw , even as White , considering
the present state of his health .

D r . Zoukhar , as was now customary , stayed quietly put in the Soviet

gallery ; however , the other "unofficial" Soviets present were scattered
throughout the spectator area and frequently on the move in an apparent
effort to counter the meanderings of Luc and his l ads and lassies . All of
which seemed to go totally unnoticed by the chessplayers .
 Game Twenty-Three 169

Yet another t ropi c a l storm had moved i n to our a rea and the beat of
rain on the roof was highly audible ; neither pl ayer g ave any indicat ion
t h a t he noticed .
P e ace a t l a s t ?
 GAME TWENTY-FO UR

Tuesday and Wednesday, 1 9th and 20th September

On Sunday afternoon , K a rpov stopped to watch when he saw Michael

Stean and I playing Othello i n the Terraces lounge . After ten or fi fteen
minute s , Anatoly suggested a pos sible move or two . Even though he had
never seen the g ame before , his suggestions m a de sense ; a real gamester .
After lunch on Monday , Alexander Roshal s a i d that he h a d a col lection
of boa rd games at home and would like to purc h a se an Othello set . I told
him where i n town the equipment could be purchased and several of the
Soviets set off for that store . They tried to purchase two set s but h a d to
settle for the l a st one in stock .
Rosh a l , Karpov , and T a l p l ayed their first few games of Othello on
Monday evening ; a relaxing way to t une up for worl d championship che s s !

* * * *

Dr . Theo Aebersol d , recently arrived from Swi t zerland upon Korchnoi ' s
( Leeuwerik ' s ) reque s t , g l a ddened Keene ' s heart on Sunday eveni n g� . After
reading the court papers on the Dwyer and Shepherd t r i a l , Dr. Aebersold
tol d R aymond that P etra had been imprudent to bring i n the Ananda M a rg a ;
"these people have go t o go" .
Would D r . Aebersold be able to convince Viktor and Petra t h a t h i s
v i e w s were correct? An interesting development , since P e t r a app arently
sought Aebersol d ' s presence to support her - or m aybe to guide her i f she was
wrong?
On Monday n ight , Korchnoi hosted a well-attended meditation s e s sion at
h i s villa . At l e a s t four Ananda Margii were present , plus another dozen or
so people - the e n t i re Korchnoi group ( which now included Dr . Aebersold ) ,
even R a y mond and Annette Keene .
V iktor obviously enjoyed the company of Dada and D i d i , and yog a
les sons h a d become h i s primary method of relaxation . As for D r . Aebersold -
who convinced whom?

* *

Karpov w a s well-rested for t h i s game , having had eight or more hours

o f sleep o n each of the three preceding nights . I t h a d been ra1mng
steadily for four d ay s , h a r d enough to keep the lawnmowers off the golf
course !
Korchnoi ' s head cold was still with h i m , b ut now rapidly d i s s i p a ti n g .
I f he could get b y t h i s g ame w ithout h i s malady having cost h i m a point ,

1 70
 Game Twenty-Four 171

Viktor would once a g a i n be a b l e t o t ake a t i meout i f needed .

Karpov-Korchnoi
Ruy Lopez - Open Variation

1 e4 e5 2 Nf3 Nc6 3 Bb5 a6 4 Ba4 Nf6 5 0--0 Nxe4 6 d4 b5 7 Bb3

d5 8 dxe5 Be6 9 c3 Be7

ft The Challenger chooses a system which he h a d often p l ayed but which

has not yet appeared i n this match . l t rem a i n s a secret whether or not
Korchnoi had prepared a surprise a g a i n st the popular l ines , s ince Karpov
selects a compa r at i vely rare p a t h .

1 0 Bc2 Nc5

Encountering something unexpected ( 10 Nbd2 i s more common ) , Korchnoi

a void s a theoretical discussion . Theory , not w ithout reason , con s i ders
10 . . . 0-0 the stronges t .

1 1 h3

White obtains some positional advantage t h i s w ay , but I think the

position admits of more energetic measure s . The threat of . . . Bg4 i s not so
s i g n i fi c a nt t h a t White could not , w ithout the loss of tempo , play 1 1 R e 1 or
1 1 Nbd2 . Another good line seems to be 1 1 N d4 ( along the l ines of g ame
e i g ht ) , when accepting the pawn s ac r i fice woul d be very dangerou s .

11 • • • 0--0 12 R e 1 Qd7 13 Nd4 Nxd4 14 cxd4 Nb7 15 Nd2

K a rpov thought for quite some t i me over t h i s move . White coul d also
h ave p l ayed for a d irect attack on the k ing by 15 Qd3 g6 16 Bh6 R fe8
17 Nc3 , but i n t h a t c a s e the counterblow c7-c5 woul d h a ve g ained i n
force ; Black woul d h a ve obt a i n e d counterplay i n the center and o n t h e
queen s i d e . The question would h ave b e e n "Who comes f i r s t ? "
K a rpov prefers the positiona l solution . B lack will h a ve to play
c7-c5 sooner or later , s ince otherwise ( for exampl e , after 15 Bf5
16 Bxf5 Qxf5 17 Nb3 ) the pres sure on the c-file could become unpl e a s a n t .

15 . • • c5 16 dxc5 Nxc5 17 Nf3 Bf5

Bl ack frees e6 for h i s knig h t . Obviously , White woul d be i ll-adv i sed

to take the p aw n : 18 Bxf5 Qxf5 19 Qxd5 Rfd8 20 Qc6 R ac8 21 Qb6 Nd3
22 Rfl N xf2 23 R x f2 R d 1 + !

18 Be3
172 Game Twenty-Four

Worth looking into was the straightforward 18 Bxf5 Qxf5 19 Nd4 , since
19 . . . Qd3 is bad because of 20 Nc6 ! ; and after 19 Qg6 or 19 . . . Qd7 ,
. . •

White has 20 Qf3 .

18 • • • Rac8 19 Rc1 Bxc2 20 Rxc2 Ne6 2 1 Rd2 Rfd8 22 Qb3?

22 Bb6 would lead only to simplification after 22 Bb4 . Never-

theles s , that was the indicated continuation . Karpov ' s sharp move , dictated
by his desire to play for a win , leads to great difficulties .

22 • • • Rc4

The rook is ideally placed here . The d-pawn , not so long ago in need
of care , becomes a powerful force.

23 Red1 Qb7

Korchnoi plays to avoid complication s . 23 . . . Bb4 might have been

more active , and whether here or after 24 Rd3 Bc5 , the trade of two rooks
for a queen favors Black .

24 a3

The threat to invade at b4 was unpleasant enough , but now the pawns
at a3 and b2 may become good targets for the bishop in an endgame .

24 • • • g6 25 Qa2 aS

Threatening to tie up the queen ' s wing . White is forced to undertake

countermeasures .

26 b3 Rc3 27 a4 bxa4?

I think White would have had a tougher time of it after the unhurried
27 . . . b4 .

28 bxa4 Rc4

P l aying to win a pawn by 28 . . . Ra3 does not work out . After 29 Qc2
Rc8 30 Qb1 Qxb1 31 Rxb1 Rxa4 32 Rxd5 , White ' s rooks threaten to break
into the seventh rank .

29 Rd3 !

A very important defensive resource . At last , White ' s queen enters the
fray .

29 • • • Kg7 30 Qd2 Rxa4

Driven by his shortage of time , Korchnoi forces a transposition into an

endgame . 30 Bb4 left him with more chances of retaining his advantage .

31 Bh6+ Kg8 32 Rxd5 Rxd5 33 Qxd5 Qxd5 34 Rxd5 Bf8

Allowing the bishop to remain at h6 is uncomfortable , but White ' s

remaining pieces manage to show enough spark to keep the draw .

35 Bxf8 Kxf8 36 g3
 Game Twenty-Four 173

A useful move in every respect . White deprives the enemy pieces of f4

and improves the position of his king .

36 • • • Ke7

Black s refusal to allow the hostile rook to reach the seventh rank is
1

understandable , but the king will not be completely safe in the center .

37 RbS Nc7 38 ReS Ne6 - 39 RbS Nd8

After repeating moves to gain time , Black plays for the win. This
attempt , however , is not so dangerous for White .

40 Kg2 h6 41 Nd2 Ral and here the game was adjourne d .

4 2 Nc4 ( sealed move ) Nc6 4 3 ReS Kd7 4 4 Nb6+ Kc7 4 S Nc8

The most incisive . I n view o f the threats of 46 N a7 and 46 Ne7 ,

White s knight must be
1 taken ( 4S Rel 46 Ne7 RxeS 47 Rxd6+ Kb7
48 Nxg6 fxg6 49 Rxg6 can only favor White ) , after which continued play
would be senseles s .

4S • • • Kxc8 , and a draw was agreed to here . Times used 2 : 23 - 2 : 49 . .ft

Korchnoi stood up and offered the draw through Chief Arbiter Schmid ;
Lothar relayed the offer to Karpov , who immediately accepted by signing the
score sheets .
The resumption had lasted for nine minutes and four moves ; practically
a rest day .
 GAME TWENTY-FIVE

Saturday and Sunday, 23rd and 24th September

T h i s cont e s t would have begun on Thurs day the 2 1 s t h a d one of the

wa rriors not a s k e d for a postponement . "Ah , " you might think , "Korchnoi
sought two extra days in which to shed the l a st traces of that bothersome
head cold . " Not at all ; it was Karpov who requested the timeout .
On Wednesday night , the growing c i rcle of Othello players at Ka rpov 1 s
villa h a d been swelled by the a ddition of Yuri B a l a shov , Valery Krylov , a n d
Vladimir P i schenko. After hours o f fun , Karpov a n d Grandmaster B a l a shov
had demon strated their special affinity for t h i s a ddictive p a s t ime . They
butted heads until almost daylight before An atoly returned to h i s Terraces
penthouse a n d retire d , intending to sleep until noon .
Thursday dawned b right , cle a r , a n d almost windless - the first ( an d
l a st ) sunny morning o f t h e week . By 9 : 00 am , the final c a t a l y s t for delay
ma de its noi sy appe arance ; a twin-engined aircraft began practising t ake­
offs and landings at the n e arly ai rport . P i stons popping a n d propellers
churning , it swung close to the hotel time a n d a g a in . No sleep for those
wicked Othello p l ayers , and that is why Ka rpov requested his third timeout .

F lorencio Campoman e s j ourneyed to M a n i l a a n d e scorted D r . Max Euwe

back to B aguio City . The F I D E President had kept his promise to return well
before the match concluded .

* * *

The J ury as sembled in the Baguio Country Club at 10 : 00 pm on F r iday .

P e r h a p s the lateness of the hour a n d everyone 1 s concurrent fatigue contrib­
uted to the futility of this meetin g . A recent visit t o t h e P ines Hotel b y
D a d a a n d Didi w a s discus sed , a s w a s a series o f telephone c a l l s a n d a letter
received by Korchnoi 1 s representative from a hitherto unknown g roup which
seemed bent upon extortion . Tempers were short ( Ray Keene walked out after
fi fteen minute s ) and a b solutely nothing was decided ; the meeting a dj ourned
after but an hour and a quart e r . Its only accom p l i shment w a s to make D r .
Euwe p a infully aware o f t h e extent t o which t h e i l l will between t h e two
camps had been m a g nified during his a b s e nce .

* *

174
 Game Twenty-Five 175

F i l i p i no T ha nk sg iving Weeken d ; a four-day n ational holi day from

Thursday through Sunday . And Mon d ay w a s M a n i l a Day , which m ade this a
five-day holiday for residents of Metro M an il a .
B aguio City w a s positively j amme d ; one got the impr e s s ion t h a t h a l f
the population o f M a n i l a h a d t r e k k e d to thi s mountain resort for the long
week e n d . And a very long weekend i t turned out to b e , since Typhoon
Tering b lew in a n d its torrential r a i n s confined the would-be outdoorsmen and
their families to the hotel s .
Even the T erraces Apartel , a normally quiet and n e arly empty facility ,
h a d every room occupie d . T h i s full house , combined with the drea dful
wea ther , meant t h a t an unceasing racket prevaile d . P artying adults could
be heard most of the night a n d there were children bumping about and
yelling from 6 : 30 each morning . They apparently liked to open a n d slam
shut the wooden cupboards , run in the hallway s , a n d play in the elevator s .
L a t e Saturday morni ng , I encountered Valery Krylov coming down from
the penthouse a n d asked if Karpov h a d any difficulty in sleeping for the
p a s t couple of n i g ht s . Krylov sl apped one h a n d to h i s head a n d s a i d t h a t
An atoly hadn ' t s l e p t at all well a n d w a s a w a k e n e d much earlier than usual
t h i s morning . He felt exhausted b u t did not intend to a s k for a nother time­
out as he w a s entitled to only one more through g ame thirty-two .
At 1 : 00 p m , I visited Korchnoi at his vill a . Viktor , P e t r a , a n d Oscar
P a nno were relaxing quietly in the l iving room , browsing through books
while c l a s sical music played softly on the stereo and a b l a ze crackled in the
fireplace . Korchnoi appeared to be w e l l re s t e d and comp letely free of any
lingering cold symptoms .
Would the contrast show during tonight ' s game , or were appe a r a nces
deceivi n g ?

Korchnoi-Karpov
E n g lis h Opening

1 c 4 Nf6 2 Nc3 e 5

.ft Korchnoi probably was not expect i n g this opening . He chose a r a re ,

a n d certai n ly h a rmle s s , system a g a i n st i t . .ft
The spect ator area w a s 70% ful l , our biggest crowd eve r . I f the match
h a d been played in M a n i l a , overall attendance would undoubtedly have shown
a dramatic incre a s e . On the other h a n d , it would h ave been difficult to
match the B a g uio accommodations and ambi ance .

3 g3 Bb4 4 Qb3 Nc6 5 Nd5 Bc5 6 e3 0-0 7 Bg2 Nxd5

.ft P erhaps the most rational cour se . B l ack is unwilling to tolerate this
uninvited guest any longer .

8 cxd5 Ne7 9 Ne2 d6 10 0-0 c6

A weighty decision . B l ack s t a r t s to fight for the cent e r , b ut in so

doing he enhances the fianchettoed b i s hop . 10 Bg4 11 f3 B d7 w a s
a nother pos s ib ility .

1 1 d4

Hol d i ng o n t o d 5 would h a v e led nowhere ; 1 1 N c 3 Nxd5 1 2 Nxd5 B e 6 . .ft

The w i n d s from Typhoon T e ring were gusting so strongly t h a t it w a s
cold in t he h a l l a n d t h e backstage curtains were blowing inw a r d . After
Karpov twice comp l a i ne d , Lot h a r Schmi d had the onstage air-conditioning
switched off a n d several doors secured a g a i n st the g ale .
176 Game Twenty-Five

11 • • • exd4 12 exd4 Bb6 13 BgS Bd7 14 a4 h6 15 Bxe7 Qxe7

ft. White gets nothing from 16 a5 Qxe2 17 axb6 axb6 18 Qxb6 Qb5 ! ;
this endg ame is drawish .

16 Bf3 Ra b 8 17 aS Bc7 18 Qc3

I mmediate action on the queenside with 18 a6 bxa6 19 Qc3 would h a ve

allowed B l ack to activate h i s bi shops a fter 19 . . . c 5 .

18 • • • R fc8 1 9 Nf4?

Per h ap s White should have forced the pace here with 19 a6 . The line
19 . . . Bb6 20 axb7 Rxb7 2 1 dxc6 Bxc6 22 Bxc6 Rbc7 23 d5 Qxe2 24 R a e 1
l e a d s to a position w i t h s h a rply defined drawing tendencies , b u t White would
have retained his microscopic advantage . Now , however , the picture begins
to change .

19 • • • Bd8 20 .Rfe1 Qf8 21 Qb3

Korchnoi spent a great deal of thought on the first p a r t of the g ame

and now h a d 20 moves to make in 20 minute s . I nstead o f this purely swind­
ling move ( aimed a t dropping h i s knight in at g6 or e6 ) , 21 dxc6 w a s
stronger , giving up all hopes o f obt a ining an advantage but a t l e a s t keeping
a solid position .
White ' s l a s t move coul d have been demonstrated to be h a rmless by the
simple 21 . . . Kh8 , but K arpov finds a stronger continuation .

21 • • • B gS

Now White ' s intended 22 Ne6 fails a g a i n s t 22 ... fxe6 23 dxe6 Be8 .
The knight must therefore give up i t s ambition s .

2 2 Ne2 Bf6 2 3 Rad1 c S 2 4 Be4 Qd8 2 5 Qa2 Bg4

Here B l ack h a d a number of choice s . T aking the fight t o the king side
was a t t ractive : 25 cxd4
• . •26 Nxd4 Bxd4 27 R x d4 Qf6 . And the queenside
option was also p l ay able : 25 a6 ( preparing
• . . b7-b5 ) , or even 25 . . .
b6 26 a6 Bg4 .

26 dxcS RxcS 27 b4 Rc7 28 Qb3 Rbc8 29 f3 Bd7 30 Qe3 a6 31 Bd3

White h a d to prevent the following sortie with 3 1 Rb l .

31 • • • Bb2 32 Kg2 Qf6 33 Rb1 Ba4

 Game Twenty-Five 177

Now B l ack threatens to b ring the b i s hop to c 2 .

3 4 Nf4 g 6 3 5 Re2

T h i s prevents that threat , but the cure turns out to be worse than the
d i se a se . With White s position a lr e a dy so compromis e d , it is difficult to
1

point to any acceptable defense .

35 . . . Bel

T h i s i n v a s ion should have decided the g ame in a few moves . The queen
has but one s qu a re , e4 , since 36 Qf2 Bxf4 is hopele s s .

36 Qe4 ·Kf8?

For some g ames now , K arpov s e arly play h a s been overpowering h i s

1

opponent a n d t h e n he n e g a t e s all h i s efforts in t h e fina l minutes before time

control - even though he h a s plenty of time remaining on his own clock !
After 36 . . . Re8 , Black w i n s the queen a n d h i s opponent h a s no compen-
s ation , since after 37 Qxe8+ Bxe8 38 Rxe8+ Kg7 ( 38 . . . Kh7 is also pos-
sible ) , White c annot play 39 Bxg6 on account of 39 B x f4 ; after 39 Ne2 ,
B l ack s win is a simple matter of technique .
1

I wouldn t even say that winning the queen w a s neces s arily the best
1

l i ne . 36 . . . B d7 looks very good , since the threat of 37 BfS would

force Korchnoi to play 37 bS a xbS 38 Qb4 , with a position similar to the
g ame but with the significant difference that Black s light-squared bi shop
1

wou ld play an active role .

For accuracy s sake , I should mention that even the line Karpov chose
1

does not let the win slip - yet .

37 bS axbS

K arpov figured that the p aw n push would not help White in view of
37 BxbS 38 BxbS axbS 39 Nd3 ( 39 RxbS Rc4 i s clearly hopele s s ) Rc4 ,
but at the l a st moment noticed that White could p l ay 40 Rxc l !

38 Qb4 ReS?

T h i s mistake altered the position by 180 degrees . 38 . . . Bxf4 would

have given B l ack a very simple w i n ; both 39 gxf4 ReS a n d 39 Qxf4 Qxf4
40 gxf4 ReS 41 Rb4 Bc2 would show the uselessness of further r e s i stance .
Now the Bl ack pieces turn out to be exactly where they must be for the
saving combi n a tion .

39 Rxe l ! Rxel 40 Nxg6+ Kg7

178 Game Twenty-Fi ve

Obviously , 40 . . . fxg6 4 1 Re6 i s curtain s .

41 Ne7?

T h i s obvious move lets slip the w i n White so fortuitously h a d . With

4 1 N f4 , Korchnoi could h ave obt a i n e d a n irre s istible attack . Here ' s one
line : 41 . . . Kf8 42 Ne6+ Kg8 43 Qg4+ Kh8 44 Qe4 . Othe r continuations
prob ably would not s ave B lack , eith e r . Howeve r , the "energetic" 4 1 Qg4
would lose to 41 . . . h5 ! ft
Korchnoi m a de his 4 1 s t move instantaneously , after having fidgeted
cons tantly for the three minutes which Karpov consumed on his 40th . Either
Viktor was not positive that he had m a de the t ime control or he was s t i l l
caught up i n t h e b l i t z syndrome .
Karpov shot h i s cuffs after making the next move , evidently relieved
that he h a d j us t e scaped d i s a s te r .

41 • • • R8c4.

ft The only hope . By attacking the queen , B lack wins an all-important

tempo . In this position , the g ame w a s a dj ourne d . ft

Jus t p r ior to the resumption of p l a y on Sunday , Colonel Baturinsky

j ok ingly ( half-j okingly ? ) accused me of h aving subverted Karpov a n d his
seconds by introducing them to Othello . I pointed out t h a t I h a d , as
alway s , maintained a bsolute neutrality by fostering this new diversion i n
both camp s .

42 Bxc4 ( se a l e d move )

ft The most n atural , but perhaps not the most dangerous move for B l a c k .
Unfathomable complications are generated by 42 Qxd6 Qxd6 43 N f5+ Kf8
( . . . Kf6 is b a d because of 44 Nxd6 a n d 45 Ne8+ ) 44 Nxd6 R4c3 45 Re8+ Kg7
46 Be4 .

42 • • • Rxc4 43 Qxd6

Here the attacking alternatives are fruitles s . I n the queen endgame

after 43 Qbl Rc2 ! 44 Rxc2 B xc2 45 Qxc2 Qxe7 46 Qt2+ Qf6 47 Qxb5 Qc3 ! ,
B l ack ' s active queen position fully compen s ates for the pawn minus .

43 • • • Rc3

A g a i n , w i n n ing a tempo i s import a n t . B lack t a k e s h i s rook aw ay from

the s quare where it would be attacked . ft
And K a rpov shot h i s cuffs in s a t i sfaction .
 Game Twenty-F ive 179

44 f4 Qxd6 45 Nf5+ Kg6 46 Nxd6 Bb3

ft Another defen sive possibility w a s 46 . . . R d3 47 Rb2 Bb3 48 Kf2 Bxd5

49 Ke2 R d4 . T h a n k s to h i s active b i shop , Black should s ave this pawn-down
endgame , a lthough defending such a purely technical ending would be most
uncomfortable .
I t is curious that Korchnoi a n d h i s trainers must h ave spent most of
their t i me a nalyzing 46 . . . R d3 . Karpov told u s t h a t after h e h a d m ade h i s
move , Korchnoi , w ithout e v e n looking at the board , wrote down 4 6 . . . R d3 ;
it took some moments before h.e r e a l i zed h i s error .
The Champion 1 s move is more active , si nce it immediately b r i n g s the
bi shop into the g ame . White c a n give a few check s , but they lead to nothing
concrete .

47 f5+ Kg7 48 Ne8+ Kf8 49 Nf6 Kg7 50 Nh5+ Kf8 51 Nf4 Bc4

For the moment , a dvancing the b-pawn would be poi ntle s s , s ince it
would then be vulnerable to the White rook . Now 52 R d2 would let Black s 1

k ing in , but the rook is not well p l a ce d at e 5 .

5 2 ReS Ra3

Now Black intends to capture the a-p awn . On 53 f6 Rxa5 54 d6 , the

rook returns in time : 54 R a2+ a n d 55 . . . Rd2 ( but not 54 R a8
55 d7 R d8 56 ReS ) .

53 d6 R a2+ 54 Kf3 Rd2 55 Re7 Rxd6 56 Rxb7 Ra6 57 Rb6 Rxa5

58 Rxh6 b4 59 Rc6 Bb5 60 Rcl b3 61 Rbl Bc4 62 Ke4 R a2 63 Kd4 Rc2
64 Nd3 Bxd3 65 Kxd3 Rxh2 66 Rxb3 Kg7 67 Ke4 Ra2 68 Kf4 Ra4+ 69 Kg5
Ra5 70 g4 ReS 71 Kh5 Ra5 72 Rf3 Rb5 73 g5 Rbl 74 f6+ Kh7 75 Rh3 Rgl
76 Rh2 Rg3 77 Rhl Rg2 78 Ral Rh2+ 79 Kg4 Kg6 80 Ra8 Rg2+ , a n d here
Korchnoi finally offered a draw through the Chief Arbiter . Times used
5 : 1 7 - 3 : 27 . 1i:
 GAME TWENTY-SIX

Tuesday, 26th September

The din created by holidayers at the Terraces Apartel drove Karpov to

search for quieter surroundings so t h a t he might get more sleep . After
checking on several alternative s , he spent Sunday night i n the luxurious
quarters of B aguio Country Club pre s i de n t P otenciano l l usori o . After trying
it j us t once , howeve r , he reported t h a t the Country Club w a s noisy , too , so
he might a s well remain i n fami l i a r s urrounding s .
On Monday , Anatoly a n d several of h i s companions motored to the sea­
shore for an afternoon of sun a n d s a n d . Then back into the Aparte l , which
h a d returned to i t s usual state of being n e a rly empty , for a long rest ; he
didn ' t awaken until noon on Tuesday .
Korchnoi slept a n d meditated at h i s v i l l a , where he seemed very much
at home . He appeared a t the P i n e s Hotel for v arious meals and chatted
readily with newsmen whenever they approached him . Viktor , too , appeared
to be relaxed a n d r e a dy .

Karpov-Korchnoi
English Opening

1 c4 e5 2 Nc3 d6

ft As nearly as I can reca l l , Korchnoi h a s never before p l a y e d this line .

I n the sixth g ame , he continued 2 . . . N f6 . With the text , B l ack leaves the
way open for the f-pawn , planning on active k i n g s i de operation s .

3 g3 f5 4 Bg2 Nc6 5 d3 Nf6 6 e3 Be7 7 Nge2 0-0 8 0-0 Qe8 9 f4

Bd8 10 a3 Rb8 1 1 b4 Be6 12 Nd5 b5 13 Bb2 bxc4 14 dxc4 e4

180
 Game Twenty-Six 181

I n my op1mon , t h e preparatory 1 5 R c 1 w a s promising ; 15 . . . a5 is

unfavorable due to 16 Bxf6 , and 16 . . gxf6 i s force d .
• After 15 . . . Qf7
16 N xf6+ Bxf6 17 Bxf6 Qxf6 18 Qd2 , White h a s - in effect - won a valuable
tempo . Perhaps Black ' s strongest would be 15 . . . Bxd5 ; although then ,
too , by continuing 16 cxd5 NeJ 17 B x f6 Rxf6 18 Nc3 ( 18 N d4 Qf7 19 Ne6
Nxd5 or 19 Nc6 Nxc6 20 Rxc6 R b5 is weaker for White ) White maintains
pres sure on the c-fi l e .

15 Nxf6+ Bxf6 16 Bxf6 Rxf6 17 Rcl aS 18 b5 Nd8 19 Rf2

The p aw n s a c rifice 1 9 c5 ! ? w a s interestin g . After 19 . . . Qxb5 20 N d 4 ,

2 0 . . . Q b 2 i s very dangerous for Black in v i e w o f 2 1 Rb 1 ! , w h e n t h e ending
i s clearly in White ' s favor . B ut with 20 . . . Qa6 ! 2 1 R f2 Bc4 , Black ( by
p reventing White ' s l ight-squared b i shop from getting out ) would hold the
position .

19 . . . Nb7 20 Bfl Nc5 21 Nc3 Bf7 22 Nd5

After the forced exchange of this k n i g h t , the c-file is opened ; Black

l o s e s a valuable defender but still m an a g e s t o stay even , t h a n k s t o tactic s .
So 22 Be2 deserved study , intending t o bring the knight u p to d 5 a fter a
prelimi n a ry a3-a4 . And after 22 a4 23 N d5 Bxd5 24 cxd5 , White
threate n s the very unpleasant exchange sacrifice 25 Rxc5 and 26 Qxa4 .

22 . . . Bxd5 23 cxd5 Nd3 !

Now or never . I f the b-pawn were protecte d , B l ack would be heading

for troubles such a s we h a ve already descri b e d .

2 4 Bxd3 exd3 2 5 Qxd3 Qxb5 26 Qxb5 RxbS 2 7 Rxc7 R f7

The immediate capture o f t h e pawn could h ave l e d t o unple a s a ntne s s .

2 7 . . . R x d5 2 8 Rb2 , a n d now 2 8 ReS gives White a favorable pawn
ending : 29 Rb8+ Rf8 30 R x f8+ Kxf8 3 1 Rxc5 dxc5 32 Kf2 Ke7 33 e4 ! ;
while 28 . . . a4 29 Rbb7 Rg6 30 Kf2 leaves Black ' s pieces poorly poste d .
But now ( after 27 . . . Rf7 ) a d r a w w a s agree d , s ince t h e l ine 28 Rc8+ R f8
29 Rc6 Rxd5 30 Rb2 is not dangerous for Black , as h i s king c a n leave the
l a st rank with 30 . . . Kf7 !
T imes u sed 1 : 34 - 2 : 00 . ft
Very unusual , for this match . Karpov offered the draw verbally and
directly to Korchnoi , who accepted without complaint .
 GAME TWENTY-SE VEN

Thursday and Friday, 28th and 29th September

Typhoon We ling h a d blown in on the heels of Typhoon Tering , without

the slightest break in wind and r ai n . Actually , We ling was more ferocious
t h a n her immediate predecessor and B ag uio w a s once a g a i n without elec­
t ricity . Game twenty-seven would have been postponed for technica l reasons
h a d i t not been for the standby power available at the Convention Cente r .
Before t h e e n d o f play o n Thursday , Korchnoi h a d rea son t o wish t h a t t h i s
g a soline-engine-driven emergency generator h a d n o t b e e n so depen dable .
Chief Arbiter Lot h a r Schmid , by profes s ion a book publisher , had
a nnounced t h a t pressing business commitments required h i s return to Germa ny ;
therefor e , although he hoped to be back before the match ended , Thursday
could conceivably he h i s l a st eveni n g as "the third man" . When each player
c ame onst age , he paused for a few words a n d a warm handshake with Schmi d .

Korchnoi-Karpov
English Opening

1 c4 Nf6 2 Nc3 e5 3 Nf3 Nc6 4 g3 Bb4 5 NdS NxdS 6 cxdS Nd4

7 Nxd4 exd4 8 Qc2 !

ft A very important fine s s e . Generally , Black h a s b e e n al lowed to get

h i s dark-squared b i shop to f6 . Now t h i s reg rouping i s not possib le , s i nce
a ft e r 8 •. Be7 White plays 9 Qe4 .
• ( 8 . . . 0-0 also los e s the d-pawn , to
9 Qc4 . ) So Bl ack must put h i s queen on a rather unfortunate square .

8 . . . Qe7 9 Bg2 Bc5 10 0-0 0-0 1 1 e3 Bb6

I t seems to me that B l ack did not h ave to m ake this retreat yet .
Neither 1 1 . . . d6 nor 1 1 c6 would have rid him of h i s difficultie s , but
still they would h ave allowed him to fight on for d4 . Now B l ack ' s position
becomes critica l .

1 2 a4 !

Since a fter 12 aS 13 b3 B l ack woul d have nothing better t h a n

1 3 . . . dxe3 ( when 14 fxe3 is v e r y strong ) , he must g i v e way in t h e b a t t l e
for the center .

12 • • • dxe3 13 dxe3

182
 Game Twenty-Seven 183

I would have preferred the more committing , but a l so more p romising ,

f-pawn recapture .

13 • • • aS 14 Bd2 BcS 15 Bc3

White p rep a r e s h i s onsl aught in the center , b u t this continua t ion is too
routine to be b e s t . After t h e g ame , Karpov s a i d that the most uncomfortable
defense for Bl ack would h a ve been that after 15 R ab 1 ! , and on 15 . . . d6
1 6 b4 a xb4 1 7 Bxb4 , with powerful p r e s s ure on the c-file .

15 • • • d6 16 Qd2 b6 17 Rfel Bd7 18 e4

Again , good in principle b ut i n a ccurate in execution . White seems to

h ave nipped the freeing c7-c6 i n the bud. Lulled by t h a t though t ,
Korchnoi makes straightforward plans ( Kh l , f2-f4 , e4-e5 , etc . ) . Everyone in
the p r e s s room figured B l a c k would h ave to p l a y 18 c6 immediately ;
this seemed to be the best deci sion , even though after 19 e5 cxd5 20 Bxd5
R a d8 21 Qf4 h i s position looked un attractive . However , after fifteen min­
ute s , the Champion calmly p l ayed

18 • • • Rfe8 !

I l abel this move thus for psycholog i c a l a s well as chess rea sons .
B a sed o n White ' s l a st move , K arpov accurately guessed that h i s opponent w a s
under a false impression of security . And when Korchnoi , completely g iven
over to the storm he himself was about to unle a sh , unpinned h i s f-pawn by

19 Kh1 ?

h e w a s floored b y the reply

19 c6 !

Now it is White who must force a resolution , as otherwise he finds

himself in difficultie s . For example , 2 0 f5 cxd5 2 1 Qxd5 R ac8 , a n d B l a c k ' s
light-square d b i shop g a i n s active p l a y . For one of the more tempting contin­
uation s , 20 b4 , Karpov had prepared a spect a c u l a r snare : 20 axb4
21 Bxb4 cxd5 22 exd5 B xb4 23 Qxb4 Rxa4 !
Apparently B lack ' s l a st move c a me as a s urprise to Korchnoi ; his
r e p l y c o s t him about three-qu a rters of a n hour .

20 e5 cxd5 2 1 Bxd5 R ad8 22 Qf4

White would have obtained a slightly inferior ending after 22 exd6 Qxd6
23 Qg5 Qg6 . Here it seems Korchnoi must h a ve expected only 22 . . . B e6 ,
when even 23 Bc6 i s not b a d . But B l a ck ' s 19th move not only provoked a

CS - N
184 Game Twenty-Seven

dubious k ing move , it also cleared a good s quare for B l ack ' s most active
piec e .

22 • • • Qf8 ! 23 Qf3 dxe5 24 Bxe5

White is still under the n a rcosis of h i s lost a dvantage . T aking the

rook wou l d have a s sured him quiet equality . ft
A s he thought on h i s l a st several moves , Korchnoi ' s left h a n d "j ittered"
almost constantly , j ust below the table ' s edge and out of Karpov ' s sight . He
looked very nervous and was threatened by increasingly dire time problem s .

24 • • • Bg4

ft By this time , Korchnoi h a d l e s s than fifteen m i nutes left . An unwritten

rule of c h e s s strategy says that you should do all you c a n to complicate
w h e n your opponent i s in time pressure . T h i s end would h ave been achieved
by something l ike 24 . . . Bb4 25 Re2 Re7 .
Karpov tries to exploit White ' s time pre s s ure by a different method -
and , to j udge from the outcome of this g ame , a very succe s s ful one . He
turns the g ame into a technical exercise , considerin g that White will h a v e
difficulty d e a l i n g in a hurry with a n a b s t r act sort o f position . M e a nwhi le ,
Black a d d s a little tactical s e a soning to h i s " s imple" move s . 25 Qe4 , for
examp l e , fails a g a i n s t 25 . . . Bxf2 26 R f l Rxd5 ! 27 Qxd5 R xe5 28 Qxe5 Bf3
mate .

25 Qxg4 Rxd5 26 Bc3

The b i s hop h a s no better s quare . A l so b a d is 26 Bxg7 ? Rxe1+ 27 R x e 1

Qxg7 28 Re8+ B f8 , a s i s 26 Bf6? h5 . A n d Korchnoi h a s but five minutes
remaining in which to make 14 moves .

26 • • • RedS !

I t i s this move ( wh ich was undoubtedly foreseen ) that j ustifies the loss
of the light-squared b i s hop . Now , for example , the attempt to drive the
enemy queen from its attacking position by 26 h5 woul d have failed to
27 Qxg7+ . White controls the e-file , but control of the d4 s quare is far more
important ; as soon as it is occupied by the Black b ishop , White ' s l a st
hop e s of a king side attack d i s a p pe a r .

27 Kg2 Bd4 28 Racl ? ?

I n urgent time trouble , Korchnoi p l a y s erratically . White would keep

rough e quality after 28 R a d 1 Bxc3 29 bxc3 , when the weaknes s of the pawn
on c3 woul d be almost b a l anced by the weakness at b6 .
 Game Twenty-Seven 185

28 • • • g6 !

As know from my own experience , this is a very hard kind of move

to meet in time pressure .

29 Qe2

As often in similar sitliations , White goes in for a long forcing vari­

ation and overlooks a zwischenzug . Here I think the best way to untie the
Gordian knot was to play 29 Bxd4 Rxd4 30 Qf3 Rxa4 31 Rc7 , when White s 1

counterplay against f7 would have to neutralize , at least somewhat , Black s 1

material advantage . Apparently the Challenger overlooked Karpov s 34th 1

mov e . ft
With less than three minutes left for 1 1 move s , it would have taken a
miracle for Korchnoi to find the correct path all the way to time control .

29 • • • Qd6 30 Bxd4 Rxd4

ft In this position , 31 b3 was Korchnoi s last chance to hold on .

1

31 Qb5? Rb4 32 Re8+ Kg7 33 Rxd8 Qxd8 34 Qe2 Qd5+ !

Evidently White counted on 34 Rxa4 35 Qe5+ , when 35 . . . Qf6

would fail against 36 Qxf6+ and 37 Rd6+ . Now Korchnoi weakens his second
rank , after which his position is completely hopeles s . Retreating the king
was more tenaciou s .

35 f3 Rxa4 36 Rc2 Rd4 3 7 Qe3 b S 38 h 4 h5

Black 1 s plan is as simple as it is convincing ; keep things quiet on the

kingside while pushing his extra pawn on the queenside .

39 Qe2 a4 40 Qe3 b4 41 Rf2

Here White cannot maintain his rook on the open file , since 41 Qe2
loses at once to 41 . . . b 3 .
Having learned from recent experience , Karpov sealed his 41st move with
twenty minutes in reserve .
Analysis supported the unanimous opinion that playing out this game
would be a s uncomfortable as it would be unrewarding for White . So we
waited for a telephone call , advising u s of his resignation . However , the
telephone was silent . At around 5 : 00 pm on Friday , the Convention Center
began to fill ; but those present waited in vain for play to resume .

41 • • • Rd3 ( sealed move )

186 Game Twenty-Seven

42 White resigned. T imes used 3 : 19 - 2 : 16 . ft

Korchnoi 1 s resignation w a s accomplished in a confused a n d u n u s u a l
manne r .
Shortly after adjournment o n Thursday , Korchnoi told R aymond Keene
that White 1 s position w a s beyond hope a n d he would resign immediately upon
resumption . His chief second a ssumed that Viktor would appear b riefly to
sign the scoresheets as soon as the sealed move w a s opene d ; Korchnoi h a d
not specifically i n s t r ucted Keene t o contact Chief A rbiter F i l i p ( Schmid w a s en
route to Germany ) a n d tender h i s resignation beforeha n d .
By 5 : 07 pm o n F ri day , everyone realize d t h a t something w a s amis s .
Keene c alled the villa a n d a s t a ff member told h i m that the Challenger w a s
asleep . H e refused to awaken Viktor because " M r . Korchnoi left instructions
for u s not to disturb h im . "
Keene , Stean , and P a n no were all visibly upset . They s a i d t h a t
perhaps Korchnoi felt everyone knew he h a d resigned - but he hadn t . 1 There
had been no notifica t ion to the arbiter or the opponent a n d no signing of the
score sheets .
R a y Keen e , certain of Korchnoi 1 s i n tention s , offered to resign for him ,
but F i l i p pointed out that would be imprope r . " We m u s t wait ; if h e does
not arrive by the end of the second control period , the game will be lost on
time . "
Deliberate or not , such an ending woul d be highly insulting to the
opponent , the arbite r , and the org a n i zers .
A h igh-speed t rip to the villa a n d back by Grandmaster Stean finally
resolved the dilemma . Michael returned with the following note , h a n dwritten
by a sleepy Korchnoi . " 1 apologize t o the arbiters . T h i s procedure i s a
b i t new for me . I resign the 27th g ame . "
Everyone accepted the explanation t h a t there h a d been a foul-up , with
no deliberate rude n e s s intende d . Karpov , of course , l aughed all the way to
h i s quarters . He could a fford to, with the score now standing at 5-2 in h i s
favor ( with 2 0 draw s ) .
B u t Korchnoi never did sign those scoresheets !
 Prelude to the L a st Run

Thursday night , while acknowledging t o h i s seconds that game twenty­

seven could be w ritten off without their w a sting further effort on a n a ly s i s ,
Korchnoi announced that they would work together from s i x t o eight o ' clo c k
on F r i day evening in preparation for g a m e twenty-eight . He seemed to relish
what lay a h e a d , as though being on the short end of a 5-2 score freed him
of a tremendous weight . "Now , " w a s h i s view , "I shall v i ndicate myself by
m aking K a rpov ' s l a st run for the title a s difficult as possible . "

* * * * *

F I DE P re sident Euwe h a d appointed D r . Miroslav Filip , one of the two

original Deputy A rbiters , to serve a s Chief Arbiter upon Lotha r Schmid ' s
departure for home . To keep at three the number of arbiters a v a i l able for
duty , D r . Euwe appointed F ID E Deputy P r e s i dent Bozidar K a zic as an acting
Deputy Arbite r . Mr . Kazic , already in B a guio City a s a correspondent for
" T a n j u g " , the Yugoslav News Agency , w a s highly qualifi e d . He h a d served
with distinction as the Chief Arbiter of many Candidates M atches in recent
y e a r s , including F i scher-T aimanov 1 97 1 , Korchnoi-Mecking 197 4, Korchnoi­
P etrosi a n 1 977 , and Korchnoi-Spa s sky 1977-78 .
P rofes sor Lim Kok Ann , Chairman of the J ury , a l so left for home on 29th
September ; urgent profe s sional m atters demanded h i s presence in Singapore .
D r . Euwe agreed to preside over any J ury Meetings which might be convened
during P rofes sor L im ' s ab sence . Also, Dr. Lim could e asily fly b a ck to the
P hilippines from Singapore should the need arise ; there were two flights
daily and the e n route time was a mere four hour s .

* * * * *

F ilip , K a zic , and I decided to h a ve our F riday evening meal together

at Fern ande , an excellent , small , and very quiet F r ench restaurant in
residential B a g uio. We h a d b a rely ordered dinner when the entire Korchnoi
contingent ( Viktor , P etra Leeuwerik , R aymond and Annette Keene , Michael
Ste a n , Osca r P an n o , a n d Y a s h a Murey ) enter e d . It w a s a n unexpected but
p l e a s a n t meeting ; we put several t a b l e s together and had a congen i a l p arty
of ten persons .
Korchnoi w a s i n a remarkably cheerful moo d , considering the day ' s
r e s ult . Michael explained tha t , inwardly , Viktor p robably felt the m atch w a s
over w h e n t h e score became 4-1 . He h a d fought b ack g amely and reached
4-2 , so l a s t night ' s loss was rather anti..:.climactic . The Challenger had

187
188 P re lude to the L a s t Run

a lready faced and accepted the likelihood of defe a t , which is why the loss
of g ame twenty-seven h a dn ' t shaken him as much as the loss of g ame seven­
tee n .
L a t e r , a s Stean a n d I were having a nightcap at t h e b a r o f t h e P in e s
Hotel , h e remarked t h a t the Keenes h a d decided to sleep a t the B aguio
Country Club and mused "Why ? " I ventured t h a t perh ap s , by getting off b y
themselves , R a y a n d Annette hoped for a more peaceful n ight t h a n they
usually experienced in their quarters at the P in e s .
Michael c huckled and s a i d t h a t w a s probably i t , since l a st night Y a s h a
and P et r a h a d engaged in a shouting match i n t h e Keene s ' room . The
ruckus began a t approximately midnigh t , a f t e r a n a l y s i s h a d confirmed t h a t
t h e a d j ourned position w a s utterly lost , a n d continued until 5 : 00 am ! It
s t arted i n R u s s i a n a n d then , unaccountably , switched into E n g l i sh . ( Which
was extraordinary , considering Y a sh a ' s lim ited command of English . ) M aybe
- by speaking the l anguage of the witnesses to this bitter d i s a g reement -
the a nt agon i s t s h a d sought support from Keene or Ste a n , but those worthies
h a d kept pretty well out of i t . Now , howeve r , Michael confided t h a t he
a g reed with everything which Yasha had laid onto P etra . The g i s t of h i s
a rgument w a s t h a t s h e h a d excessively h a rmed Viktor ' s c ause by introducing
politic s , personalities , and constant turmoil into an event which should h ave
been concentrated solely upon che s s . It was Y a s h a ' s unwavering view t h a t
Petra Leeuwerik h a d thereby c o s t Viktor Korchnoi the World Championship .
Three days e a r l ie r , Y a s h a h a d forcefully voiced these op1n1ons to
Korchnoi and told him t h a t either P et r a h a d to leave or he ( Ya s h a ) intended
to do s o . Viktor h a d put off g iving a reply until this weeken d . Whatever
h i s decision , would it be meaningless with Karpov needing j ust' one more
poi n t ?
 GAME 'TWENT�EIGHT

Saturday and Sunday, 30th September and 1 st October

J us t before five o ' clock , Yasha Murey appeared in the playing hall .
I t was his first time there in many g ames - and Petra w a s among the
m i s sing !
Michael exp l a i ne d : " Y a s h a h a s won the power struggle . P et r a h a s
b e e n b a nned from t h e Convention Center . "
" I t w a s only a p a r t i a l victory , " I ob serve d . " I f Yasha h a d truly won ,
P e t r a would now be on a flight bound for Swi t zerland . "
Michael replied that even p a r t i a l victory h a d s a t i sfied Murey to the
point where he WO\.lld stay on until the finish . A s for Korchnoi , he w a s
pleased w i t h hi s own deci sion ( which , he hope d , h a d c almed t h e t roubled
w aters within his camp ) and in high spi,r i t s for today ' s g ame .

Karpov-Korchnoi
Ruy Lopez - Open Variation

1 e4 e5 2 Nf3 Nc6 3 Bb5 a6 4 Ba4 Nf6 5 0-0 Nxe4 6 d4 b5 7 Bb3

d5 8 dxe5 Be6 9 c3 Nc5 10 Bc2 Bg4 ! ?

.ft The Challenger selects an old and little-studied continuation , con s i dered
r i sky for Black but a l so generating possibilities for counterplay . .ft
Karpov gave plenty of thought to h i s 9th a n d lOth moves , while Korch­
noi first rel axed in h i s a rmchair a t stage right and then retreated to h i s
dressing room . He g ave the impres s ing of being very pleased w ith his
opening play .

1 1 Re1 Be7 12 Nbd2 Qd7 13 Nb3

.ft The m aneuver N d2-fl-e3 also h a s m any a dherents .

( see next d i a g r a m )

K arpov ' s l a st move s e t s a tactical t r a p ; a fter 13 . . 0-0 , he obt a i n s a

.

great a dv antage from 14 h3 Bh5 15 N xcS BxcS 16 Bxh7+ Kxh7 17 N g5+ Kg6
18 g4 . Korchnoi avoids it - and p l a y s the rest of the g ame , as well , with
a dmirable verve .

189
190 Game Twenty-Eight

13 • • • Ne6

Long a go Anton Chekhov wrote t h a t if the audience sees a pistol onstage

in Act One , t h a t p i stol must eventually be fire d . Black i s del iberately
refrai ni ng from c a s t l i n g here ; the rook on h8 w i l l h ave its say .

14 h3 Bh5 15 Bf5

The beginning of the strategic battle for the central squares .

15 • • • Ncd8 16 Be3 aS ! ?

Highly origi n a l . Karpov w a s rea dy to meet the more obvious 16 . . . Nb7

with 1 7 N b d2 c5 18 Nfl .

17 Bc5 a4 18 Bxe7 Qxe7 19 Nbd2

It would be nice to p l ace this knight a l i ttle more actively , but after
19 N b d4 Nxd4 20 cxd4 Ne6 B l ack would swiftly work up counterplay a g a i n s t
t h e W h i t e d-paw n . ft
At 7 : 15 , a w a i ter b rought yogurt to Karpov a n d orange j uice to
Korchnoi - the u s u a l routine . U n u s u a l tonight , considering that P e t r a h a d
supposedly b e e n "banned" from t h e h a l l , w a s t h e fact that s h e c ame through
the main entrance close upon the w a i ter ' s hee l s . Not long a fterwards , that
young m a n told me that - a s always - P et r a had dropped in a white tablet
a n d stirred the orange j uice before he brought i t up from the kitche n . Did
Viktor know t h a t ? Funny , really , when we con sider t h a t Korchnoi always
suspected a n energy-giving " drug" was in K a rpov ' s yogurt !

19 • • • c6 20 b4

ft As became known after the game , Karpov w a s none too optimistic about
his pos ition here . But the s imple 20 Qc2 seems enough to me for White to
ca rry on without any ri sk .

20 • • • Ng5 21 Qe2 g6 22 Bg4

Retreating the b i shop along the diagonal f5-b 1 would have left White
with e quality . B l ack ' s pawn maj ority on the queens ide is static , for a dv a n-
cing any one of them wou l d a utomatically e n h a nce t h a t b i shop .

22 • • • Bxg4 23 hxg4 Nde6 24 Qe3 h5

B l ack c a n a l low himself to p l a y sh arply , not j us t because the s t a n d i n g s

a r g u e a g a in s t slow d e a t h b u t a l so because h i s opening strategy h a s been
j us tifed on this occa s ion . Here 25 Nh2 hxg4 26 N xg4 0-0-0 wou l d leave
 Game Twenty-Eight 191

W h i t e l ittle to c h e e r about , yet t h i s sharp l i n e w a s preferable to w h a t occurs

in the game .

25 Nxg5 Qxg5 26 Qxg5 Nxg5 27 gxh5

I s uspect t h a t White , in h i s preliminary c alculation s , b a sed h i s hopes

on the rapid a dvance of the f-pawn . B ut here h e discovers that after 2 7 f4
Ne6 28 f5 N g 7 ! he will have to g ive up either m aterial or positional advan­
t a ge s . Since active operations do not work , White must needs switch over to
the defensive .

27 Rxh5 28 Nfl Rh4 29 Rad1 Ke7 30 f3 Ne6 31 Ne3 Rd8 32 Ng4

Ng5 33 Ne3

T ry i ng to bring up the king a t once is refuted by 33 Kf2 Ne4+ ! 34 fxe4

R xg4 , with a demonstrably better rook ending for Black . Karpov h a s no
obj ection to a repetition , but I think he ought to have played 33 R d4 , in
order to meet 33 Ne6 by 34 R d2 .

33 • • • Ne6 34 Ng4 Ng7

Having repeated moves to g a i n time ( Korchnoi was facing his usual

proble m ) , Black now finds the best p l a n . Almost all rook endings are in h i s
favor . Here W h i t e should probably h a ve s t a y e d w i t h h i s w a i t i n g g a m e ,
p l aying 3 5 Kf2 .

35 Ne3 NfS

P aradoxic ally , despite the doubled pawn s , the rook ending favors B l ack ;
26 Nxf5+ gxf5 36 Rd4 f4 38 g4 R dh8 39 Rxf4 R h l+ 40 Kf2 R8h2+ 4 1 Kg3
Rxe1 42 Kxh2 Rxe5 shows this clearly . P os sibly White should h a ve moved
his knight away to g 4 .
Karpov plays o n h i s opponent ' s t i m e pres sure , b u t t h e l atter finds the
only resource - and a very powerful one , at t h a t .

3 6 Nc2 Rc4 3 7 Rd3 d4 !

Otherwise the rook might find itself in a very awkward situation .

38 g4 Ng7 39 Nxd4

The intermediate 39 e6 Nxe6 40 N xd4 Kf6 does not alter the character
of the position .

39 • • • Ne6 40 Red1 Nxd4 41 cxd4

1 92 Game Twenty-Eight

The ending with only one rook each i s even better for B l ack . ft
41 . . . Rxb4 42 Kf2

As in g ame twenty-one , Korchnoi looked suspiciously up at the ceiling

and then disappeared backstage momen t arily to write down h i s sealed move .

The adjourned position .

You c a n treat yourself to hours of amusement t rying to decide whether
Black should have sealed 42 . . . Rb2+ , 42 . . . Ke6 , 42 . . . c5, 42 . . . Rc4 , or
what . Grandmaster analysts - even those who were seconds in the match -
quite dis agree with one anothe r .
T a l s a y s t h a t the e n ding i s drawn after 4 2 . . . Rb2+ 4 3 R l d2 Rxd2+
44 Rxd2 Ke6 45 Ke3 c5 46 f4 ! Rxd4 47 Rxd4 cxd4+ 48 Ke4 ! , as White
can play f4-f5+ .
Keene d i s agree s , stating that the v a ri ance 44 . . . b4 ( retaining a rook
for each side ) w i n s because Black c a n bring h i s k i ng to d5 .
Keene c l a ims that 42 Ke6 is stronger than what Korchnoi s e a le d .
L a r s e n thinks t h a t 4 2 . . . Ke6 i s a draw , a n d T a l i s totally silent o n t h i s
move .
Most commentators look down on 42 . . . c5 , but that ' s what Korchnoi
choose s - and Tal has thi s to say : " T h roughout the m atch , the Challenger
h a s m ade a point of selecting the riskiest cours e . But this time , c i rcum­
stance s make that necess ary . "

42 • • • c5 ! ? ( se a l e d move ) 43 d5

ft The endg ame a fter 43 Ke3 c4 holds out no hope for White .

43 . • • Rb2+ 44 Kg3 Rxa2 45 Re3

T h i s w a s the idea White had in mind when he s acrificed the pawn .

Now he open s a line for h i s rook s . I t seems White ' s l a s t must h ave surpri s e d
Korchnoi ; out of h i s remaining twenty minut e s , he u s e d ten here .

45 • • • b4 46 e6 Ra3 47 Re2 fxe6 48 Rxe6+ Kf7 49 Rde l ?

Both p l a y e r s are t i re d . Led a s t r a y by hop e s o f springing a none-too-

subtle trap - 49 . . . R xd5 50 Re7+ Kf6 51 R l e6+ Kg5 52 Rg7 - Karpov
b r e a k s h i s s t r i de ; with 49 g5 , White woul d have kept the pos sibil ity of
developing h i s i n i t i ative . P erhaps B l ack could h ave w a r ded off the on­
slaught , b ut he would have h a d to call upon a l l his resources to do so.
But now h i s t a s k i s quite simpl e . H i s control of the d-file al lows the Black
king to cross over with no difficulties . At worst , Black i s prepared to
give up both his rooks for one of White ' s , when h i s three far-advanced
pawns g ua rantee the win .
 Game Twenty-Eight 193
49 . . . Rd7 50 Rb6 Rd3 51 Ree6 R3xd5 52 Rxg6 a3 53 Rbf6+ Ke7
54 Re6+ Kf8 55 Ref6+ Ke7 56 Re6+ Kd8 57 Ra6 Rb7 58 Rg8+ Kc7 59 Rg7+
Rd7 60 Rg5 b3 61 RxcS+ Kb8 and White resigned . Times u s e d (2 : 29 - 3 : 40 )> .ft
,·

P laying r a p i dly move-for-move with the time-troubled Korchnoi , K arpov

had r attled them off far too h a stily - " l i k e a machine gun", Korchnoi l a u gh­
ingly remarked - during the second s e ss ion and sprinkled in enough errors
to convert a difficult position into a n e a sy win for his oponent .
Korchnoi h a d certainly not caved i n . The score in favor of Karpov
w a s cut to 5-3 , with 20 draw s .

* * * * *

During much of the first s e s s ion ( until t i me t rouble finally kept him a t
t h e table ) , Korchnoi w a s mostly i n v i sible . After e ach move , he di s appeared
into h i s dressing room and left Karpov alone with the arbiters .
P etra , a s mentioned e a r l ie r , violated the b a n a g a i n s t her pre sence ( to
which she h a d acquiesced before the g ame ) and received a severe j awboning
or two from Y a s h a Murey during the action . When Viktor won , howeve r , the
entire Korchnoi Delegation was so delighted t h a t she got away with her
deceit . ( Which undoubtedly w a s , we must say in fairness to P e tr a , prompted
by her devotion to Korchnoi ' s interests - even though her efforts were more
often than not mi sdirected . )

* * * *

K a rpov w a s certainly not in the habit of losing , b u t he seemed un­

ruffled after dropping t h i s g ame . Seven and one-half hours l ater ( at 1 : 30 am
on Monday morning ) , we spoke a t the Terraces Appartel . Tolya was not in
the l e a s t downca s t ; on the contrary , he was h i s normal s e l f , smiling and
quietly confi den t .
" Game twenty-eight w a s typical o f ches s , " he s a i d . "Win a few , lose
a few - hopefully more of the forme r . P e r h ap s , after g ame twenty-seven ,
there were people who expected me to win b y 6-2 . So the score now i s 5-3 ;
t h a t in itself i s not too import a n t . B ut I still need only one more point to
win the Match . T h at i s import a nt . "
 GAME TWENTY-NINE

Saturday and Sunday, 7th and 8th October

Shortly a ft e r lunchtime on Tuesday , 3rd October , the Convention Center

was plunged into darkne s s a n d the schedule into di s array when an electrical
t r a n s former on a pole j us t outs i de the building exploded a n d then burst into
flame s . In a ddition to cutting off power , this m a l function temporarily over­
loaded circuits within the Center a n d potentially damaged them seriou s ly ,
which m a de use of the emergency generator an impossibil ity until the interior
wiring had been completely checked . Chi e f Org a nize r Campomanes announced
a technical postponement until Thursday the 5th .
Both players took the news c almly ; at t h i s point , they were surpris-
ingly cool about everything .
K arpov , a s soon as he heard t h a t there would be no g ame , took off
with Valery Krylov to play billia rds a n d tennis at the Green Valley Country
Club . Korchnoi relaxed at his v i l l a and diverted himself with additional
l e s sons from D a da a n d Didi in meditation , diet , a n d other subjects related
to his p sychological and general well-bein g .
D uring t h i s interv a l , what m ay well h a v e been the wittiest offh a n d
remark o f o u r e n t i r e three months in B a g uio w a s widely quoted by t h e P h i l ip­
pine newspaper s . When Korchnoi w a s pressed to comment upon the signifi­
c a nce of his closing the score to 5-3 , he implishly replie d : "Wel l , I have
now won one g ame in a row ! "
I n s e a rch of fairer weathe r , Korchnoi decided to motor down to the
sea shore at B a u a ng , L a Union , on Wednesday . We w a s accomp anied by P e t r a ,
the Keene s , a n d Michael Stea n . Michael lat e r pronounced it a perfect day a t
t h e b e a c h a n d described an idyllic couple o f hours which he a n d Viktor h a d
s p e n t in a s m a l l boa t , floating j ust offshore . A s a b l a zing sun reflected off
the water , Viktor s quinted at Michael a n d s a i d : " I only w e a r s u n g l a s s e s
when I play chess . "
T h a t may have sounded like a good j oke on Wednesday , but nothing
seemed very funny a t noon on Thursday . A g a i n g ame twenty-nine w a s post­
poned - this time because Korchnoi was reportedly suffering from a severe
c a se of sunburn ! ( The real truth? Another head cold - much more bother­
some than the glowing sunburn . )
E a rly Saturday morning , B a g uio City experienced its second earthquake
of recent weeks - a mild one , j ust enough to serve a s a reminder that the
faults in t h i s area were not confined to i t s chessic v i s itor s .
T here were five gallery ( elevat e d ) sections a long each side of the audi­
torium . Effective with this g ame , the front three sections on each side
became Off Limits areas . There remained far more than enough spectator
s e at s , and this measure effectively reduced the demands made upon the

194
 Game Twenty-Nine 195

usherettes and security men . It also cut down on the in-play roamings of
Luc Claes a n d h i s fellow Bulatao disciple s .

Korchnoi-Karpov
English Opening

1 c4 Nf6 2 Nc3 e6 3 e4

.ft Yet another form of the English , seen here for the first time in postwar
World Championship play . .ft.
Cosmona ut Vitaly Seb as t i a nov , Chairman of the USSR Che ss Federation ,
h a d returned to the P hilippines a n d w a s in the front row . Grandmaster
Evgeny Vasiukov , fre sh from a tournament victory in I nd i a , also j oined the
audience tonight .

3 • • • c5 4 e5 Ng8 5 d4

.ft L a tely , the gambit v ariation 5 N f3 Nc6 6 d4 c x d4 7 Nxd4 N xe5

8 N db5 h a s become quite popul a r . White is not disposed to sacrifice any
pawns in this g ame .

5 • • • cxd4 6 Qxd4 Nc6 7 Qe4 d6 8 Nf3 dxe5 9 Nxe5 Nf6

A point of i n terest i s that K arpov spent over an hour on this and h i s

previous move combine d . Black strives for active p l ay , disregarding t h s
comi ng weakness o f h i s c-p awn . (9 Bd7 h a s t h e theoretical s e a l of
approv al . )

1 0 Nxc6 Qb6 1 1 Qf3 bxc3 12 Be2

P erhaps 12 B d3 woul d h ave been more aggressive .

12 . • • Bb7 13 0-0 c5

This a dvance is the poi n t of Black ' s choice of v a r i ation . His light-
squared bishop is active now , and his opponent must remove his quee n , for a
time , to the edge of the boar d . 14 Qg3 , naturally , would be met by 14 . . .
. Bd6 .

14 Qh3 Be7 15 Bf3 0-0 16 b3 Rfd8 17 Be3 Bc6 18 Na4 Qc7 19 Bxc6
Qxc6 20 Radl Rac8

The c5-p awn requires untiring vigil ance , which in turns means White ' s
position must be rated somewhat prefe r able .

21 Qg3 Bd6
196 Game Twenty-Nine

21 Ne4 was probably more active ;

. . • on 22 Qg4 f5 ! 23 Qe2 Bf6 , Black
seize s the initiative ( 24 f3 Nc3 ) . White has better in 22 Qf3 ! f5 23 Rxd8+
Rxd8 24 Rdl , but here also B lack has every reason to expect he will obtain
good counterplay .

22 Qh4 Be7 23 f3 Kf8 24 Qf2 Rxdl 25 Rxdl Qc7 26 Qg3

The fewer pieces on t he board , the more sensitive the weaknes s at c5

grow s . Black should have avoided the queen exchange by playing 26 . . .
Qc6 . Perhaps Karpov somewhat overestimated his 27th

26 • • • Qxg3 27 hxg3 h5
.
Bl ack forestalls the advance of the g-pawn , which wou ld constrict his
position . Here also , however , he must be very accurate in his defense .

28 Kf2 Ke8 29 Ke2 g6 30 Nc3 a6 31 Na4 Rc6

Now the rook must take up this none-too-useful post , since on 31

Nd7 White could get a good bi shop endgame with 32 Rxd7 and 33 Nb6+ . .ft
Karpov spoke directly to Korchnoi and offered a draw as he made his
31st move . Korchnoi did not reply , except by making his 32nd .

3 2 R h l Bd6 33 Bf2 Nd7

.ft Karpov provokes the advance of the g-pawn . 33 . . . Kd8 was a more
cautious continuatio n , although after the text line White 1 s doubled pawns
could become targets ( this applies especially to the g4 pawn ) . Neverthele s s ,
the activity of White s pieces outweighs this factor .
1

34 g4 hxg4 35 Rh8+

An important zwischenzug .

35 • • • Ke7 36 fxg4

Short of time , Korchnoi was already reaching for his bishop when he
noticed that after 36 Bh4+ f6 37 fxg4 g5 ! , and Black wins a pawn with
38 . . . Ne5 .

36 • • • g5 37 Be3 f6 38 Nc3

The knight aims for e4 .

Now the game might have entered an ending slightly in White 1 s favo r ,
but most probably drawn , with 38 Ne5 39 Ne4 Nxg4 4 0 Rh7+ Kf8
41 Nxd6 Nxe3 42 Rf7+ Kg8 43 Kxe3 Rxd6 44 Rc7 ( 44 Rxf6 Kg7 45 Rfl Rd4
 Game Twenty-Nine 1 97

i s weaker a n d Black ' s position i s i n no way inferior to White ' s ) . But this
didn ' t appeal to K arpov , a n d he p l ayed something more restra i ned .

38 • • • Kf7 39 Rh7+ Ke8 40 Ne4 Be7

Here the g ame w a s a dj ourne d . :ft.

Korchnoi a g a i n w alked away from the t able to perform h i s " h i d den
scoresheet" routine on the sealed move .
P hy sically , what a tough night for Korchnoi . The symptoms of h i s head
cold were p a infully evident a n d he spent most of the five hours out of s i g ht
in h i s dressing room - unti l , as u s u a l , h i s t i me t rouble became acute .
Whenever he w a s in view , Viktor frequently g a sped for a i r , blew h i s nose ,
or used an inhaler . He appeared far too fra zzled for serious che s s . Michael
Ste a n , howeve r , i n s i sted t h a t one could play j u s t a s well with. a head cold
as w ithout . U nt i l tonight , 1 wouldn ' t h ave believed that !
Petra Leeuwerik evidently fel t t h a t the b a n on her presence w a s limited
to each ses sion ' s initial 2t hours . She c ame i n a n d out of the h a l l several
times after the p l ayers ' yogurt and orange j uice had been served .
:ft. At first sight it seems that Karpov ' s a ffairs are in no w ay thre atene d ,
since a fter 4 1 Rh8+ h e p l a y s 4 1 N f8 a n d t h e n slowly drives t h e rook
away . However , in a n a l y s i s we established t h a t White ' s advantage is very
substantial after 41 Bd2 ! One insufficient reply is 41 . . . Ne5 42 N f2 f5 , in
view of 43 Bc3 ! N xg 4 44 Nxg4 fxg4 45 Be5 , with an endgame which in all
prob abil ity i s won for White . After 4 1 . . . Ne5 42 N f2 N f7 43 Bc3 , the
attempt to get rid of the rook fail s ; 43 . . . Kf8 4 4 Ne4 Kg8 4 5 Rh5 ! a n d
White h a s a great advantage , in view o f t h e f a c t that 4 5 . . . K g 7 l o s e s t h e
g-paw n . Black would h a ve h a d to set up a defe n s ive position by 4 3 . . . N d6
( in s t e a d of 43 . . . Kf8 ) , but it ' s no p l e a s a n t t a s k to hold such a position .
A nalyzing the adj ourned position cost the Champion a great deal of time
and effort . Howeve r , i t turned out that the Challenger had not sealed the
strongest move .

41 Rh6? ( sealed move )

White w a n t s to repeat the position after 4 1 ... Kf7 42 Rh7+ Ke8 , and
t h e n c arry o u t whatever p l a n he found at home .

41 . . . Kf7 42 Rh7+ Kf8 !

T h i s move must have surprised Korchnoi . Now bringing the bi shop to

c3 loses much of i t s punch , since a fter 43 Bd2 Ne5 44 N f2 Nf7 B l ack c a n
play 4 5 . . . Kg8 .

43 Rh8+ Kf7 44 Bd2 Nf8 45 Rh1 Kg6 46 Rd1 f5

With a solid position ( such a position w a s never achieved in a n a l y s i s ) ,

K arpov decides to play actively .

47 Nf2 Bd6?

B l ack finds a p l a n which is correct in principle , but carries i t out

i n accurately . Significantly better w a s 47 . . . Nh7 first , with 48 . . . B d6 only
after 48 N d 3 .
By putting h i s b i shop on the same f i l e a s t h e opposing rook , B l ack
g e t s i n trouble a g a i n .

48 Bc3 Nd7

After 48 Nh7 , White can a l so open the g ame favorably with a contin-
198 Game Twenty-Ni n e

u a t ion a nalogous to t h a t w h i c h occurs i n the g ame .

49 gxf5+ exf5

50 g4 !

B l ack c an not t ake the g-pawn now , in view of 51 NeS . And he gets a
b a d endg ame a fter 50 BeS 51 Rxd7 Bxc3 52 gxfS+ Kxf5 53 R d5+ Kf4
54 Nh3+ , so the knight m u s t retre a t .

50 Nb6 51 Kf3 Be7 52 BaS Rf6 53 Kg2 fxg4

B lack obt a i n s a very unpleas a n t , but perhaps defe nsible position with
53 . . . Nc8.

58 Nxg4 Re6 55 Kf3 Bf6 56 Nxf6 Rxf6+ 57 Kg4 Nc8

B l ack could have obt a i n e d g r e a t practical drawing chances ( i ndee d ,

it ' s possible t h a t t h i s sort o f endgame cannot b e won at all ) by sacrificing a
piece ; 57 . . . N xc4 58 bxc4 Rf4+ 59 Kg3 Rxc4 . Defe n ding the a-pawn is
difficult , e s peci a l l y since White cannot trade rooks . B ut K a rpov does not
think it time for such r a dical measure s , and he ' s prob ably right .

58 Bd8 Rf4+ 59 Kg3 Rf5

Now the rook defends both the g- and the c-paw n s , while the knight
covers the a-uawn from c8 . If B lack manages to b ring the k n i g h t i nto play ,
h i s troubles � i l l be ove r . After lengthy consideration , Korchnoi brings up
h i s l a st reserve s .

60 a4 Kf7?

K a rpov p l a y s the l a s t part of the g ame uncertainly . T h i s unfortunate

k i n g maneuver should certainly have been replaced by 60 . . . ReS or 60 . . .
Rf7 . I n the l a tter event , the ending after 6 1 R dS RfS 62 R d7 Rf7 63 Rxf7
Kxf7 64 Bxg5 Ke6 is a draw . B l ack keeps his king a t e6 and b r i n g s the
knight to d7 , to prevent the hostile k i n g from penetrating .

61 Rd3 ReS 62 Kg4 Kg6 63 aS Re4+ 64 Kf3 Rf4+

64 Rh4 w a s tougher ; in com p a r i son with the game , Black w i n s a

v i t a l tempo . Still , once White ' s rook b r e a k s t h roug h , B l a c k c a n h a rdly
count on hol ding the endgame .

65 Ke3 Rh4 66 Rd5 Rh3+ 67 Kd2

 Game Twenty-Nine 1 99

White would not have h a d this possibility a fter 64 ... R h4 . 67 Ke4 i s

weaker a s t h e knight reaches d 6 w i t h check .

67 • • • Rxb3 68 Rxc5 Rb8 69 Rc6+ KfS 70 Rxa6

T he game is dec ided . White ' s b i shop a n d rook deal ea sily with the
Black g-paw n , while the queen s i de pawns will be unstoppable .

70 g4
• • • 71 Rf6+ Ke4 72 Bc7 Rb2+ 73 Kc3 Rb7 74 Bh2 Rh7 75 Bb8
Rb7 76 Bg3 Rbl 77 Rf4+ Ke3 78 Rf8 Ne7 79 a6 and Black resigne d . ( If
79 . . . Nc6 80 a7 N xa7 8 1 B f2+ ! ) T imes used 4 : 54 - 4 : 1 5 . :5:
K a rpov studied the final position for five minute s ; he sat with h i s
shoulders d r a w n up and looked decidedly unhappy t h e whole time . Finally ,
with an involuntary shudde r , he s igned both scoresheets a n d walked quickly
offstage .
An atoly h a d rea son aplenty for concer n ; the l a st two games h a d
reduced h i s l e a d from 5-2 t o 5-4 ( with 20 draws ) .

* * * * *

Monday w a s always a free day , so everyone h a d a chance to fall back

a n d regroup - i f necessary .
Over a late b reakfast at The Terrace s , D r . Vladimir Zotikh a r stated -
almost vehemently - t h a t K arpov ' s condition remained excellent . He insisted
t h a t nothing w a s wrong , that Anatoly was prepared - both physically a n d
mentally - to k e e p going a n d w a s confident t h a t he would win the m a t c h by
a 6-4 score .

CS - 0
 GAME THIR TY

Tuesday, lOth October

Tropical Storm Y aning lashed our mountaintop site today , the nine-
teenth such visitor in three mon th s . T o date , w e h a d experienced only four
r a in-free days out of our eighty-eight in B a g u io .
Korchnoi h a d nearly - although not completely - recovered from the
head cold which had afflicted him ( an d discomfited his opponent ? ) throughout
the preceding g ame . An occa siona l cough w a s t h e o n l y lingering symptom .

Karpov-Korchnoi
English Opening

1 c4 Nf6 2 Nc3 d5
.ft Korchnoi offers to play a Grunfe l d .

3 cxdS NxdS 4 g3

Karpov prefers the English .

4 • • . g6 5 Bg2 Nxc3 6 bxc3 Bg7 7 Nf3 0--0 8 0--0 c5 9 Rb1 Nc6

10 Qa4

As a rule in such position s , this is the most active square for the
queen . Here it supports queenside opera t ions and i t is a l so p repared to go
to h4 if the occ asion a r i se s .

10 NaS

T h i s appear!' to be the most exact . I f White plays d2-d4 , h i s advan­

tage in development coul d tel l . B ut here the advance of the d-pawn is not
so clear ; Black could win a tempo with . . . Bd7 to stir up counterplay on
the c-file .

1 1 d3

Sharper w a s the immediate 1 1 Qh4 ; leaving the d-pawn question unre s­

olved for the time being . Of course , White would h a ve h a d to consider
11 . . . c 4 i n th a t case , b ut then the dark-squared b i s hop woul d h a ve become
active ( Ba3 ) .

200
 Game Thirty 201

1 1 . . . b6 12 Qh4 Bb7 13 Bh6

Now the g ame ' s center of g ravity moves to the king ' s w i n g ; the immed­
i ate threat is 14 Ng5 . Black coul d prevent this by playing 1 3 .. . . f6 , but
t h e n t h e d-pawn ' s advance would be stronger . Korchnoi solves the problem
i n the most direct manne r .

13 Bxh6 14 Qxh6 Bxf3 15 Bxf3 Rc8 16 Bg2 Qd7 17 Rbe1 b5

18 Rb1

Karpov m a de this move after long though t . T h e p r e s s room w a s looking

at the active 18 f4 ! ? , when Black would have no t ime to play 18 . . . b 4 in
view of 19 f5 bxc3 20 R f4 , or 1 9 . . . gxf5 20 Rxf5 . Also dangerous i s
18 . . . f 5 1 9 e4 , o r 18 . . . e6 19 e4 . However , there is a defens e : 18 . . .
Qd6 ! Now 1 9 f5 allow s 1 9 . . . Qe5 , a n d the queen helps to defe n d the king­
side . On 1 9 e4 , Black can bravely continue with 1 9 . . . Qxd3 20 f5 Nc4
21 Rf3 Qd2 .
F inding no w ay to strengthen h i s attack , K arpov retur n s h i s rook to
the queens i de .

1 8 . . . Rb8 1 9 Qe3 Qd6 20 Rfd1

P layed with the intention of pushing the d-p awn ; but since this proves
difficult to c arry out , it soon becomes clear that White has lost time . The
immediate 20 Rb2 w a s more preci s e .

20 • • • a6 2 1 Rd2 Rfc8 22 Rdb2 Nc6

The knight h a s spent a long time at the edge of the boa r d ; now Black
decides to resurrect it . A tense struggle flares at once . B l a ck seeks to
a dvance h i s b-pawn , which would grant him s izable plusses on the queen ' s
wing . White ' s p l a n i s to b reak up that pawn c h a i n with a2- a 4 .

2 3 Qd2 !

T h i s strong move renders 23 . . . b4 u n favorable for Bl ack , in view of

24 Bxc6 . White a l so threatens the unpleasant 24 a4 Bxa4 25 R a l . Korchnoi
moves the knight out of the way and fal l s into an uncomfortable pin .

23 • • • Ne5 24 Qf4 ! Nd7 !

The only possibility of achieving a s a t i sfactory position . Now an

ending is reached in which Black is s a v e d by a tactical n u a nce .

25 Qxd6 exd6 26 Bh3 Rd8

202 Game T h i rty

After 26 f5 27 g4 ( or even 27 e4 ) , White ' s b i shop becomes very

powerful . 26 Rc7 was also p l a y ab l e .

27 a4 bxa4

Forces a resolution . After 27 . . . Nb6 28 a xb5 N a4 , White would have

continued 29 Rb3 axb5 30 Kfl , with strong pre s sure .

28 Bxd7 Rxb2 29 Rxb2 Rxd7 30 Ra2 Kf8 31 Rxa4 Ra7 32 Kfl Ke7
33 Ke1 Kd7 34 Kd2 h5 35 Kc2 Ra8

Karpov refused a draw offer , as he decided to take the position home

and t ry to a n a l y ze a win . ft.
Game twenty-nine in reverse , except t h a t Korchnoi offered the draw
t h rough Chief Arbiter Filip rather t h a n by speaking directly to Karpov . And
today i t w a s A n a toly who silently refused b y making his next mov e .

36 Rf4 Ke6 3 7 h 4 Rb8 3 8 Re4+ Kd7 39 Ra4 Ra8 40 Rf4 Ke6 41 Rc4
Ra7

ft. The g ame w a s adjourned here . Analysis showed t h a t B l ack has suffi-
cient defensive resources . The simplest p l a n is to push his outside p a s s e d
p awn t o a5 and t h e n to set up a k i n g s i d e b a rricade w i t h . . . f7-f5 . So the
following day Karpov - t h rough Grandmaster F i l i p - offered a draw , which
w a s accepted .

42 Re4+ ( se aled move ) . T imes used 2 : 38 - 2 : 22 . ft.

The draw offer was actually a triple play , from Zaitsev to Filip to
Keene .
 GAME THIR TY- ONE

Thursday and Friday, 1 2th and 1 3th October

Media personnel returned to B ag uio City in swarm s , a t t racted by the

honey of Kotchnoi s comeback and the fact that the m atch had now become
1

the longest one in h i s tory . ( From the s t andpoint of d a y s spent a t the s i t e ,

r a ther t h a n number o f g a m e s played . That record - 34 encounters - remained
with the 1927 Alekhine-Capablanca M at ch . )
Deputy Sports Mini ster Viktor l voni n , newly arrived from the USSR ,
j oined Cosmonaut Seba stianov in the front row of floor-level seat s .

Korchnoi-Karpov
Queen s Gambit Declined
1

1 c4 e6

.ft With g ame twenty-nine still -fre s h in his memory , K arpov uses a new
move order and avoi ds the Engli s h .

2 Nc3 d5 3 d4 Nf6 4 cxdS exdS 5 BgS Be7 6 e3 0-0 7 Bd3 Nbd7

8 Nf3 Re8 9 Qc2 c6 10 0-0 Nf8 1 1 Bxf6 Bxf6 12 b4 Bg4 13 Nd2 Rc8
14 BfS BxfS 15 QxfS Qd7

B l ack does not h ave to offer the queen exchange ; 15 . . . Ne6 w a s a l so

good . On the othe r hand , t h i s endgame i s s a fe enough for him .

16 Qxd7 Nxd7 17 a4 Be7 18 Rfb1 Nf6 19 aS

In the long run , t h i s move w i n s for White ; but still it i s h a r d to go

along with h i s deci s ion to close up the queen 1 s wing . 19 Kfl seems to be
more prom i s i n g .

19 • • • a6 20 Na4 Bf8

The b e g i nning of an unfortunately plan w h ich get s B l ack into difficul­

ties . On 20 . . . B d6 2 1 Nc5 Re7 seems obvious ; then Black prevents e3-e4
by doubling h i s rooks on the e-file a n d might begin preparations for a k i n g-
side p awn roller . think the initiative would have been on h i s s i d e .

2 1 Nc5 Re7 2 2 Kfl Ne8

203
204 Game T hirty-One

B l a ck ' s i d e a is to t r a n s fer the knight to d6 . There it w i l l look pretty ,

but it won ' t be doing much . White concentrates a l l h i s forces in the center
a n d takes firm grip on the initiative . Soon Black has no activ-e counterplay .

23 Ke2 Nd6 24 Kd3 Rce8 2S Re1 g6 26 Re2 f6

B lack should h ave refr ained from t h i s continuation , which con s i g n s h i s

dark-squared bi shop to b e i n g a s t a t i st i c . 26 Bg7 w a s preferable .

27 Rae1 Bh6 28 Ndb3 Bf8

A silent draw offe r , which White of course decline s . Short o f time ,

Korchnoi avoids committing himself.

29 Nd2 Bh6 30 h3 Kfl 3 1 g4 Bf8 32 f3 Rd8 33 Ndb3

33 e4 looked very prom i s ing .

33 • • • NbS 34 Rfl Bh6 3S f4

Here , too , 35 e4 w a s not bad. But the plan to constrict Black even
more i s a l s o very uncomfortable .

3S Bf8 36 Nd2 Nd6 37 Rfe1 h6 38 Rfl Rb8 39 Ra1 Rbe8 40 Rae 1

Rb8 41 e4

Korchnoi ope n s the game . T h i s l e a d s to simplific ation a n d , although

White keeps a n indisputable a dvantage , 1 think this decision could h a ve
waited.

41 • • • dxe4 4 2 Ndxe4 NbS

The rook endgame a fter 42 N xe4 43 Rxe4 Rxe4 44 Rxe4 Bxc5

45 bxcS R d8 would g ive B lack chances for a succes sful defe n s e .
K arpov unsucces s fully invites h i s opponent to enter t h e complications
a fter 43 f5 g x f5 44 g xf5 R d8 45 Ne6 R dd7 .

43 Nc3 Rxe2 44 Rxe2 BxcS

T h i s exchange might . h a ve been postpon e d . Although White ' s knight

would h a v e gotten to e6 after f4-f5 , 1 think that Black might fully h ave
expected to hold t h a t position .

4S bxc5 Rd8

T aking the k n ight on c3 wou l d" l e a d to a very tough endgame . White ' s
 Game T h irty-One 205

rook would go immediately to the b-file , and then White , a fter the proper
prepar ation s , would play d4-d5 . However , the text rook endgame i s also
very dangerous for Black .

46 Nxb5 axb5 47 f5

The duo of pawns on f5 and c5 Seriously restrict the Black k i n g . The

game w a s adj ourned here by K arpov .

47 • . • gxf5 ( the sealed move )

Analy s i s showed Black to be in serious danger . Howeve r , Korchnoi

p a ssed up a number of powerful continuation s ; then , j ust when the draw w a s
in h i s grasp , K arpov m a de a serious b l un de r .

48 gxf5 Rg8

48 Ra8 49 Ra2 would have been too p a s s iv e . White b r i n g s the

king to b4, threatening d4-d5 and a5-a6 .

49 Kc3

White h a d two other active continuations at h i s di sposa l , 49 Re6 and

49 R a 2 , which appeared more dangerou s . Here , the h-pawn i s taboo ; a fter
49 . . . Rg3+ 50 Kb4 Rxh3 51 d5 ! cxd5 52 c6 bxc6 53 a6 and the p awn is
unstoppable . Black , however , does not h ave to "gobble" .

49 • • • ReB

The k i n g and pawn ending is draw n , so the rook occup i e s a n importa nt

open fi le .

50 Rd2

Here , too , B l ack would h a ve had more serious p roblems to face after
50 R a 2 .

50 • • • Re4

T h i s may not have been the only w ay to dra w , b ut it w a s a very s a fe

one . 5 1 d5 i s not dangerous here , so White s only try for a win i s to
invade the queens i de w ith h i s king . The next few moves are , therefore ,
force d .

51 Kb4 Ke8 52 a6 bxa6 53 Ka5 Kd7 54 Kb6 b4 55 d5 cxd5 56 Rxd5+

KcB 57 Rd3
206 Game T h irty-One

One poss ible reply to 57 c6 is 57 . . . b3 . Here , Black needed only to

play 57 . . . Rc4 and all h i s troubles wou l d have been behind h i m . On 58 c6
Rc3 , or on 58 Rg3 Rc3 or even 58 . . Kd7 i s pos sible .
.

57 • • • a5? 58 Rg3 b3?

Here 58 . . . Rc4 would have m a i n t a i ned s a v i n g chances for Bl ack . He

appears to have completely forgotten about White ' s n atural reply .

59 Kc6

By moving h i s king with tempo , White w i n s a vital p aw n . The rest i s

understa ndable without commen t a ry .

59 Kb8
• • • 60 Rxb3+ Ka7 61 Rb7+ Ka6 62 Rb6+ Ka7 63 Kb5 a4
64 Rxf6 Rf4 65 Rxh6 a3 66 R a6+ Kb8 67 Rxa3 Rxf5 68 Rg3 Rf6 69 Rg8+
Kc7 70 Rg7+ Kc8 71 Rh7 , and Black resigned by signing the scoresheets .
Times used 4 : 10 - 2 : 50 . .ft.

By winning t h ree and drawing one of the l a st four g ames , Korchnoi h a d

achieved an incredible comeback to tie t h e score a t 5-5 ( with 2 1 draws ) .
Di splaying i t s approval i n a time-honored way , the small a udience accorded
tumultuous applause to the figh t i ng u nderdog .
Sever a l hours l a te r , after a quiet dinne r , Korchnoi gave voice to h i s
i n n e r fee l i ng s . "Now it i s l i k e a lottery . After three month s o f b attle , one
g ame - the next full poin t - will decide who s h a l l be champion . l n this
c a se , Fi scher w a s right . "
The reference could only be to the rule over which F i scher h a d for­
fei ted the title in 1975 . Bobby w anted the defending ch ampion to be decl ared
winner i f the score reached 9-9 i n a first-to-win-ten , draws-not-counting
match . So Korchnoi was actually saying t h a t any challenger should be pre­
pared to win by a two-point margin - or not to win a t all !
 The Final Fraca s

Thursday , 12th October

A l ittle more than one hour after the adjou rnment of g ame thi rty-on e , I
went to the P i n e s Hotel . Seated together in the coffee s hop were Viktor
Korchnoi , P e t r a Leeuweri k , Y a s h a Murey , Michael Stean , Dada and D i di .
Happy a n d smiling , they all acted completely unconcerned about this
reentry into the Pines by the previously-excluded Ananda M a r g i i . The pres­
ence of Dada a n d Didi , dressed in s affron a n d whi t e , h a d cert ainly captured
the attention of the many j ourn a l i s t s who frequented the adjoining bar and
lounge . I coulnd ' t help b ut won de r , " What happens when Campom a n e s learns
of thi s ? "
I didn ' t h a v e t o w a i t long for a n a n swer , a s Mr . a n d Mrs . Campom a n e s
e n t e r e d the b a r a few moments l ater . Sever a l of the newsp apermen present
directed h i s attention to the tableau i n the coffee shop . A g rim-faced a n d
fuming Campo immediately w e n t se archi ng for R aymond Keene .
Because i t w a s h i s perception t h a t D a da a n d Didi were flaunting them­
selves in defiance of a previous a g reement ( they had stayed away from the
P in e s for several week s ) and to the m atch ' s detriment , the Chief Org a n i zer
angrily told Keene that Ananda M a r g i i woul d no longer be permitted at the
v i l l a which h a d been l e a s e d for Korchnoi ' s use . Nor coul d they use offic ial
c a r s hereafter , even i f accompa n i e d by a genuine member of the Korchnoi
Delegation .
R a y w a s ba dly s h a ken by the immediate danger of a d i sruptive con­
fron t a t ion . If Dada and D i di were forcibly prevented from returning to the
v i l l a tonigh t , V iktor might become so furious t h a t n e ither analy s i s nor s l eep
would be pos s ible . T h i s coul d e a s i ly spell the d i fference between w i n n ing or
drawing the a dj ourned g ame t h irty-one .
Chief Org a n i zer Campom a n e s w a s so a n g ry that he no longer cared w h a t
h a p p e n e d to Korchnoi . "Whatever t a k e s place , " he s a i d , "Korchnoi and h i s
f r i e n d s have b rought i t upon him . I ' m fed up with t a k i n g shot s from them .
T h i s time , I w i l l t ake my shot at them a n d they can worry about the con­
s e quences . " C ampo fel t - and I had to agree - th a t e i ther P e t r a , D a d a a n d
D i di , e v e n Viktor ( or some combi n a t ion o f the four ) h a d chosen t h i s moment
to slap him in the face with the A n a n d a M a r g ii presence because they thought
he wouldn ' t dare react ; not with the score at 5-4 and prob ably soon to be
5-5 . If t h i s w a s a deliberate step by persons in Korchnoi ' s group , they m i s­
j udged their man ; Campo i s not one to s t a n d still a n d t ake punishme n t .
Somehow , s k i l l ful diplom a t K e e n e m a n a g e d to delay matters u n t i l the
next day . He prom i s e d to ask the A n a n da M a rg i i to move out of the villa on

207
208 The F i n a l F r a c a s

F r i d a y - a fter a n undisturbed Korchnoi h a d gone o f f to resume g ame thirty­

one . And so , Viktor and his aides analyze d in peace this night .

Friday , 13th October

F I D E P re si dent Euwe , upon learning of l a s t night ' s development , told

Campomanes that Korchn_oi ' s peace of mind should not be disturbed in mid­
g ame . Whatever w a s to be done , no act ion should be taken until after
today ' s play had ended . Campo went along with thi s , but he remained
adamant t h a t hereafter the Ananda Margii would be b arred from Korchnoi ' s
villa and official c a r s , as well as from the Convention Center a n d the P ines
Hotel .

Saturday , 14th October

At a news conference held by the Chief Org anize r , he distributed this

prepared st atemen t .

October 1 4 , 1 9 78

Taking an overview of the Ma tch a t this critical point - wha t h a s

transpired from t h e beginning, the prob lems w e h a ve encoun tered and how w e
h a ve solved them - we wou ld like t o express o u r apprecia tion for the excel­
lent cooperation the Soviet Delega tion h a s given us and th a t of Mr. Korchnoi
on the assumption of Mr. Raymond Keene from game 1 8 a s the officia l resp­
resen ta tive .
To digress , we commend Mr. Korchnoi who, v.rith his sto u t heart and
figh ting spirit, h a s tied the score thereby orojecting the Match throughout
the world. Regardless of the ou tcome, he shall h a ve con tribu ted immensely
to the development and popularity of chess, particularly in the Philippines.
h is our p a inful du ty to call the a ttention of the press to the contin­
u ing in sistence of some q u a rters in the ch allenger ' s camp (not, we would
like to point out, Mr. Keene who is the official represen tative of Mr. Korch­
noi) to disturb the c a lm wa ters so delica tely n u rsed by the players, repres­
entatives and organ izers .
We h a ve been keep ing track of the ac tivities, while in Bagu io, of
A n anda Margii Steven Mich ael Dwyer a n d Victoria Shepherd, convicted felons
out on b a i l . We h a ve tolerated their stay, though u n a u thorized, in Korch­
noi 1 s a l tern a te residence.
However, con trary to the letter and the spirit of commun ica tions from
the group of Mr. Korchnoi da ted Sep tember 1 4 , 1 9 78 , Dwyer and Shepherd
h a ve viola ted the letter of a ssurance th a t they would desist from use of the
official transport and maintain a low profile.
We h a ve reported the presence and recent a c tivities of Dwyer and Shep­
herd to the PC-INF Provincial Commander in Benguet Provin ce.

(Origin a l signed)
FLORENCIO CAMPOMANES

Campomanes explained t h a t he w a s concerned with the image of the

M atch and added that che s s heroes , p a rticularly in the P hilippine s , are
models to be emul ated and , therefore , should not become a s sociated with
persons havi ng criminal recor d s .

* *
 The F i n a l F r a c a s 209

I n an effort to b ring about a recon s i deration by the Chief Org a n i zer

which woul d permit the Ananda Margii to rema i n with Korchnoi at his vi l l a ,
D a d a s i g ned a letter which w a s delivered to Campo after h i s pre s s confer­
ence .

October 1 4 , 1 9 78
To : MR . FLORENCIO CAMPOMANES
Chief Orga n izer

During the further course of the World Chess Championship Match , I

undertake to a void any presence wh a tsoever of myself and Victoria Shepherd
in the Pines Hotel .
(Origin a l signed)
STE VEN MICHAEL DWYER

T h i s signed note from D a d a convinced the ever-optimistic D r . Euwe t h a t

" now everything will r e m a i n quiet" - or so he s a i d before departing for
Mani l a . He h a d to return to Amsterdam on the morrow ; there w a s urgent
la st-minute business which demanded his attent ion before he h e a ded for
Argentina a n d the F I D E Congress . No one could have foreseen our problems
eight months earlier ( when the meeting dates had been set ) , but the timing
cou l dn ' t h ave been wors e .

* *

Wan a n d t i red-looking , Karpov now deci ded to relieve the pres sure by
taking a timeout . With three free days at h i s disposal , Anatoly a n d several
of his a s soci ates departed for M a n i l a .
K a rpov had hinted a week or two earlier that he w anted to see the
World B a sketb all Championship being p l ayed in M a ni l a . Tonight , he attended
the final game ; Yugoslavia triumphed over the USSR by 82-8 1 , which must
not have done much for h i s morale .

Sunday , 15th October

M a dness prevailed in the Korchnoi c amp . A pre s s conference w a s

announced for 5 : 00 pm a t the vill a , w i t h a d v a n c e notice t h a t the A n a n d a
M a r g i i would co-star w i t h Viktor .
By the appointed hour , media personnel h a d descended like a cloud of
locusts . When Viktor came into the living room , fre s h from an afternoon
n a p , he seemed surprised - even perturbed - by their numbers . Howeve r ,
things started off well enough a s he g ave an exclusive interv iew t o P eter
Collins of C B S New s . Viktor w a s a t his forthright , articulate , a n d h umorous
best .
Gradually , the media p a i d more and more attention to the colorfully­
g arbed pair watching quietly during t h i s filmin� for Americ an televis ion . By
the time a general photo ses sion got under w ay , i t foc u sed on all three -
D a d a , Didi , a n d Viktor . The Ananda Margii described the exercises they h a d
t a u g h t Viktor , a n d h e demon strated t h e m to the newsmen . Dada a n d D i di ,
too , gave interview s . For approximately two hours , a c arnival atmosphere
p revailed a n d the p re s s ate it up .
T h i s w a s h ardly the " low profile" sought by the orga n i zers a n d hope d
for by the struggling R aymond Keene in h i s September 14 letter to Florencio
Campom a ne s .
2 10 T he F i n a l F r a c a s

Monday , 16th October

We J ury Members received our first and last letter from Grandmaster
Yuri B ala shov .

1 6 th October 1 9 78
Ma tch Jury, World Chess Championship

On behalf of the World Ch amp ion A n a toly Karpov, I appeal to the Jury
on the following ma tter.
In the World Ch ampion ' s letter of September 1 0 , 1 978 a ddressed to the
Chief A rb iter of the Ma tch , Mr. L . Schmid, as well as in the' letters of the
head of the Soviet Delega tion , V. Baturinsky, of September 3 and 9 , 1 9 78 to
Ma tch Organ izer, Mr. F. Campomanes and in a telegram to the FIDE Presiden t
Dr. Max E u we of Sep tember 1 0 , 1 9 78 , attention h a d been drawn to the a b sol­
ute in a dm ittab ility of the a ttachment to the World Chess Champ ionship Ma tch
of the crimina l elements - the "An a n d a Marga " sect 1 s memb ers Steven Dwyer
and Victoria Shepherd - sen tenced by the Phi l ipp ine court in May 1 9 78 to 1 7
years imprisonment for the terroristic assault on an Indian D iplom a t In
Ma nila .
In the b eginn ing of Sep tember 1 9 78 , these person s h a d b een invited by
the Ch a l lenger to Baguio City; they had b een present a t several games in
the Convention Center and had been declared offici a l members of Mr. Korch­
noi ' s Delegation by the Ch a llenger ' s Second, Mr. R. Keen e ' s letter of Sep tem­
ber 9, 1 9 78 . A lthough, l a ter on , th is s ta tement was fin a lly disa vowed, in
fa c t the terrorists for a long time h a ve b een and still are on the Challen ­
ger ' s Delega tio n ; they visit th e official premises and m a k e use o f the
transport assigned for the Challenger ' s Delegation by th e Organ izers .
Match Organizer, Mr . Florencio Campomanes a number of times demanded
officially to break off this rel a tion ship and warned in his memoran dum of
Sep tember 13, 1 9 78 of the possible termina tion of the Match for rea sons of
general and person a l security.
However, as it comes out of the Press Conference 1 s ma terial of October
1 4 , 1 9 78, the rela tion ship between the members of the Ch a llenger ' s Delegation
and the criminal elements con tin ues .
The unprecedented in the history of Chess and Sports competitions in
gen era l , the direct or disgu ised involvement of the crim ina ls-terrorists in the
sports con test appears to be a clear man ifesta tion of the irrespect to the
coun try-organ izer; it h a s p urposefully provocative chara cter and a ims a t
producing psychologica l pressure o n h i s riva l , arb iters, members o f the Jury,
and other offic ials.
In his official report of September 12, 1 9 78, and ·in a letter of Septem­
ber 13, 1 9 78, the Ch a irman of the Jury, Mr. L im Kok A n n , poin ted out th a t
the "in trusion o f the A n a n da Marga sect 1 s members into chess competition
cre a tes u n b eara b le a tmosphere and may infl u ence the decisions of the Jury".
One may a ssume th a t the u n timely dep a rture of Mr. L im Kok A n n from Bagu io
is in connection with these statemen ts .
The Soviet side considers the Cha llenger 1 s Delega tion rel a tionship with
the crimin a l elements con tra dicts the contents of the joint communique signed
on A ugust 31 , 1 978 by the particip a n ts 1 representa tives , which stressed the
desire to norm a l ize the further course of the m a tch in the in terest of chess
and the spirit of FIDE prin ciples.
In connection with the a b ove sta ted, I kindly a sk to urgently convene a
meeting of Jury for the consideration of the a b ove-mentioned ma tter and for
taking decision regarding the a tmosphere wh ich interferes with the norm a l
course of the con test.
 The F i n a l F r a c a s 211

Respectfully yours,
(Origin a l signed)
YURI BALASHO V, IGM
World Champion 1 s Chief Second

F lorencio Campomanes c alled Singapore and P rofessor Lim Kok Ann

c aught the next flight to the P h ilippines .

Tuesday , 17th October

Chairman Lim called the J ury Meeting to order at 1 2 : 26 p m . The p re-

scribed seven members were present , D r . Miroslav Filip having replaced the
ab sent Lot h a r Schmid .
P rofessor Lim set the record straight b y s ay ing t h a t the remarks
attributed to him ( in the seventh paragraph of Grandmaster B a l a s hov ' s
lette r ) were inexact . F urthermore , he h a d returned to Singapore because of
an urgent neces s i ty to attend to h i s profes sional duties there , rather than
for the r e a son incorrectly a ssumed by M r . B a l ashov .
After a d v ancing a lengthy pre-argument , Mr. B at u rinsky made two
specific reque s t s of the J ury .
" M r . B a turinsky asked the J ury to condemn M r . Korchnoi ' s conduct a s
u n s portsmanlike , ungentlemanly , and contrary t o paragraphs 1 . 2 a n d 1 . 3 of
the F I D E Statutes and to paragraphs 4 . 81 and 9 . 3 of the Match Regul ation s . "
" He requested t h a t M r . Dwyer a n d M s . Shepherd b e ejected from B aguio
City a n d t h a t s a i d ej ection be officially documented before the beginning of
g ame 32 ( scheduled to commence at 5 pm today ) . If this w a s not done , he
s a i d , M r . Karpov woul d not continue the Match and the entire que s tion would
be submitted to the F I DE Congress i n November . "
M r . Campomanes responde d , with reg ard to D a d a and Didi .
" Because of the photo session which h a d t aken p l a ce at the Korchnoi
villa two d a y s e a r l ier , serious consideration w a s given to ejecting them from
the villa because their p re sence w a s contrary to the terms of the lease signed
with the owners . However , their c a s e w a s being appealed and while free on
b a i l they enjoyed the s ame rights as any other c i tizens of or v i s itor to the
P h ilippine s . H e d i d not know how far t h e orga n i zers coul d g o tow a r d elim­
inating their presence from B ag uio, but their every move w a s monitored ;
there w a s no violation of the conditions of b a il and they h a d not been re­
a pprehended . M r . Campomanes urged the cooperation of M r . Keene to com­
pletely eliminate the pre sence of M r . Dwyer a n d M s . Shepherd from B a g u i o ,
s ay ing that he would not refrain from seeking the a s s i s tance o f the courts i f
t h e s it u ation did not improve and if there w a s danger of t h e Match being
terminated before i t came to a normal conclus ion . "
A h arried R aymond Keene , certain in h i s own mind t h a t any vote taken
would result in approval of Mr. B aturinsky ' s reque st s , attempted to keep the
match on track and to avoid the proposed condemna t ion of Korchnoi ' s conduct .
"He s a i d t h a t he well understood the v a r iety of intolerable pressures to
which Mr . Campomanes had been subj ected a n d a g reed t h a t the lease s t a t e d
q u i t e c l e a r l y the alternate residence w a s for use by M r . Korchnoi and h i s
official entourage o f not more than five person s . M r . Campomanes could h a ve
produced t h i s l e a s e at any time a n d Mr . Keene s a i d that M r . Campomanes h a d
h e l d h i s h a n d in very f a i r fashion . M r . Keene s a i d t h a t i t w a s quite clear
the two Ananda M a r g i i h a d ab solutely no right to be in the villa and h e
g u a r anteed t h a t they would l e a v e i t by 3 pm . He could not guarantee t h a t
t h e y would l e a v e B a guio City , b u t s a i d that he would d o h i s best to persuade
them to t h a t effect . "
212 T h e Final F r a c a s

M r . Campomanes "wishe d t h a t he could d e a l only w i t h M r . Keene , who

does his utmost to keep the M atch moving ; the trouble w a s t h a t other forces
in the Korchnoi camp often moved in exactly the opposite direction . The
worst example of this so far was the picture-taking s e s s ion a t the vil l a . He
s a i d we all understood t h a t a " low profile" w a s to be kep t , but these other
forces had invited the press and foreign television in for an obviously high­
profile session . All of M r . Keene ' s undertakings thus go for n a ught and it
it obvious that he , too , i s subj ected to pressure s . M r . Campomanes closed by
saying t h a t he felt it was important for the J u ry to condemn Mr. Korchnoi
for his inability to control the force s under him ; he should con sider the
promi ses made to the J ury by h i s representative as v a l id . "
Chai rma n - Lim finally suggested the following s tatement t o comply with
Mr. B a t u rinsky ' s first reques t and it was a dopted by the J ury without
di s sent .
"The J ury deeply regrets the prolonged a s sociation of the Challenger
with two persons who have been convicted by a P h ilippine court of frustrated
murde r , thereby hin dering the harmonious and normal organization of the
Match . It is further noted t h a t undert a king s given by the Challenger ' s
representatives were not always obs e rved b y the Chall enge r ' s other a s soc­
i a te s . These actions contradict p ar a g raph 1 . 3 o f t h e F ID E Statutes a n d p a r a­
graph 4 . 8 1 of the M atch Regulation s . "
T here followed a lengthy discussion on M r . B aturin sky ' s second request
and a n a bsence of Mr. Keene while he attempted to solve the problem . Again ,
R a y performed a small miracle . He returned with a written decla ration which
Chairman Lim read to the J ury .

TO WHOM IT MA Y CONCERN:

I confirm th a t the two A n a n da Margii , Steven Dwyer and Victoria

Shepherd, left the L a urel House, Bagu io City th is afternoon by a priva te car
to lea ve Baguio.
I guarantee to the best of my a b ilities tha t they will not return for
the dura tion of the m a tch .
Done a t Baguio City, Ph ilippines th is 1 7th day of October 1 9 78 .

(Original s igned)
RA YMOND D. KEENE
Chief Second to Viktor Korchnoi

It w a s now 4 : 00 pm a n d the g ame started one hour later. Viktor

Korchnoi was not informed until afterwards that Dada and Didi had left
B ag uio City before play beg a n .
 GAME THIR TY- TWO

Tuesday, 1 7th October

Karpov-Korchnoi
P irc Defence

:fr. K a rpov 1 s
opening move prob ably surprised no one . With the score
tie d , he once a g a i n relied upon h i s old and most-trusted weapon .

1 e4 d6

Of course , one cannot l abel thi s move a mi stake ; however , i t i s my

feeling that with it the Challenger set the stage for errors t h a t woul d prove
to be not so much chessic as p sychological . After the g ame , I h a d a t a lk
with one of Korchnoi s seconds , the Argentine Grandmaster P anno.
1 "But what
could we play?" he a sked . "Karpov certainly h a d to be rea dy for the R uy ;
Korchnoi h a d been getting difficult positions with the F rench . We wanted
something a bit complex , t aking Karpov 1 s psy cholog i c a l condition into
account . . . " .
But one of KarpoV 1 S c h ief streng ths i s h i s ability to take himself in
h a n d a t the most decisive , most critical moment . He h a s demon strated thi s
characteristic more than once ; as a rul e , he is succes s ful in cl utch g ames .
And here he a g a i n confirms t h a t quality .

2 d4 Nf6 3 Nc3 g6 4 Nf3 Bg7 5 Be2 0-0 6 0-0 c5

T h i s t r a nsition into King 1 s I n di a n form a tion s , it m u st be admitte d , came

as a surpri se , for Korchnoi is known to like such positions with White . Here
K arpov sank into thought , but not for long . According to theory , White gets
some edge after 7 dxcS ; but , as we h a ve a l ready noted , the Champion w a s
ready for a complex figh t . Addition a l l y , a s Anatoly s a i d afterw a r d s , it w a s
h i s intention t o force Korchnoi to " p l a y a g a i n st himself" .

7 dS Na6 8 Bf4 Nc7 9 a4 b6 10 R e l Bb7 1 1 Bc4 Nh5?

B l ack 1 s position is a l re ady uncomfortable 1 this loss of time only wor-

sens matte r s . Either 1 1 . . . N d7 or 1 1 . . . Ne8 w a s preferab le . :fr.
Dr . Zouk h a r moved from the Soviet g a llery into the fourth row of spec­
t a tor s e a t s at floor leve 1 !
"Thi s is a gross violation of our 3 1 st August agreement t h a t Zouk h a r
w o u l d r e m a i n i n t h e section reserved for t h e Soviet Deleg ation and Korchnoi

213
214 Game Thirty-Two

would refr a i n from wearing his mirrored eye-g l a s s e s on stage , " Keene s a i d
to the p re s s .
Viktor B a t u rinsky , who j ointly signed t h a t agreement with Keene ,
riposted with : "The Korchnoi Delegation con ducted itself in an ungentlemanly
ma nner when i t continued to a s sociate with the Ananda M a r g a members . lf
Korchnoi w a n t s t o u s e h i s · mirrored g l a s s e s a g a in , he c a n d o so; Zouk h a r
w i l l sit in the fourth row from the stage . "
Really , no one who h a d read B a l ashov ' s 16th October letter to the J ury
should have been surprised by this action , which w a s implicit i n t h a t
letter ' s e i g h t h parag rap h .
L u c Claes s a t directly behind Dr . Zoukha r , n o doubt i n a n attempt to
"bend h i s t r a n s m i s s ions" .
At no time during or after t h i s g ame did Korchnoi give any indication
t h a t he had even been aware of Zoukha r ' s move , let alone bothered by i t .

12 Bg5 Nf6 13 Qd3 a 6 14 R a d 1 Rb8 15 h3

ft 15 e5 w a s tempting , but after 15 . . . dxe5 16 Nxe5 b5 17 axb5 axb5

18 N xb5 Ncxd5 the Black pieces come to life . Such positions should not be
rushed .
White ' s l a st move i s useful from any point of view ; i t defends the
s qu a re g4 and leaves the bi shop the pos s ibility of returning to f4 .

15 • • • Nd7 16 Qe3

Karpov decides to t r a de off h i s opponent ' s most active piece .

16 • • • Ba8 17 Bh6 b5

With the dark-squared bi shop gone , the b-pawn ' s advance loses much
of its bite .

18 Bxg7 Kxg7 19 Bf1 Nf6 20 axb5 axb5 21 Ne2 !

K a rpov t r an s fers h i s pieces to the king ' s wing .

21 • • • Bb7

P erhaps Black might have secured h i s king by playing ... h7-h6 , now
or l a t e r .

22 Ng3 R a8 23 c3 Ra4 24 Bd3 Qa8?

 Game Thirty-Two 215

This i s con si stent but i t l e a d s to a r ather quick demise , a s White

breaks down the enemy defe n s ive line i n its most fortified spot . Better w a s
24 . . . Kh8 , when 2 5 e 5 could have been m e t by 25 . . . Ncxd5 .

25 e5 !

The d5-pawn is now taboo. On 25 . . . Nfxd5 26 N f5+ l e a d s to mate :

26 . . . g xf5 27 Qg5+ Kh8 28 Qxf5 . Sim i l a r blows would be pos s ible if the
knight retre at s .

25 • • • dxe5 26 Qxe5 Nxd5 27 Bxb5 Ra7 28 Nh4 !

Now the Black king is s urrounded by thunderhead s . B l a ck ' s toughest

defense looks like 28 . . . Qb8 29 c4 Qxe5 30 Rxe5 Nc7 3 1 Rxc5 ReB , but
Karpov h a d prepared a n elegant finish for t h i s : 32 Nhf5+ gxf5 33 Nxf5+ Kf8
34 Rxc7 !
Korchnoi attempts to cover the fS s qu a r e .

28 • • • Bc8 2 9 Be2 !

The threat is 30 Bf3 , winning a piece . .ft

29 • • • Be6 30 c4 Nb4 31 Qxc5 Qb8 32 Bfl ReS 33 Qg5 Kh8 34 Rd2
Nc6

Korchnoi w a s in such dire time trouble that Chief Arbiter Filip stood
where he could count the remaining moves and watch Viktor ' s flag .
.ft I t might seem that Black h a s p artly consolidated the position . If
permitted , h e will lay seige t o the b - a n d c-pawns . But Karpov h a s a very
s t rong continuation at his d i s pos a l .

35 Qh6 !

The threat of 36 N xg6+ costs B l a ck t ime - which he can ill a fford . On

35 . . . Kg8 36 N f3 , the knight g e t s to gS . 35 . . . Ng8 w a s relatively best ;
in that c a se , White h a d planned 36 Qe3 , when B l a ck ' s activity on the queen­
s ide fades away l ike a mirage . I n serious time trouble , Korchnoi chooses
another pat h .

35 • • • Rg8 36 Nf3 Qf8 37 Qe3 Kg7

Black ' s position i s completely hopele s s , even had he more than mere
seconds rema ining on his clock .

38 Ng5 Bd7 39 b4

cs - p
216 Game Thirty-Two

The beginning of the end . White ' s pawns start rolling , wiping out
everything in their path .

39 . • . Qa8 40 bS NaS 41 b6

Five hours of play having el apse d , Karpov wrote down the position on a
sealed move envelope and left the tournament h a l l . Our very short - 1
would almost say festive - analysis showed clearly that this was one game
which need not be played out .

41 . . . Rb7 ( sealed move ) . P lay w a s never resumed and Karpov had

his sixth victory . Times used 2 : 24 2 : 36 .
- ft
As Viktor Korchnoi walked out of the Convention Center , he looked as
forlorn as any living creature on the face of the earth . When he encountered
his companion and tigress of a defender , P etra Leeuwerik , he sadly ex­
claimed : "Petra , 1 ' ve lost the Match . "
No one contradicted him .
 The Ma ra thon Ends

Late next morning , the Challenger - through his Chief Second , Raymond
Keene - made official what was a foregone conclusion at adj ournment . The
following letter w a s distributed to all Match P rincipals .

18 October 1 9 78

A t 1 1 :22 am on the 1 8 th of October 1 9 78 the acting chief arbiter, Dr.

Mirosl a v Filip, received a telephone call from Mr. Raymond Keene, the Offi­
cial Second of Cha llenger Viktor Korchnoi, th a t Mr. Korchnoi will not resume
the a djourned ]2nd game of the World Chess Championship Ma tch. Mr. Keene
further sta ted th a t Mr. Korchnoi will not sign the - score sheet of the game.
A c ting chief arbiter Filip immediately informed the dep u ty arb iter, Mr.
Bozidar Kaz ic, a b o u t the telephone message from Mr. Keene . Both arb iters
wen t from the Pines to the Terraces Plaza Hotel and in the presence of two
neutral members of the Jury, Mr. A n drei Ma lchev and Col . Ed Edmondson , the
en velope was opened and the score sheet was signed by World Champ ion
A n a toly Karpov a n d both arbiters .
(Origi n a l signed) (Origina l signed)
DR . MIROSLA V FILIP BOZIDAR KAZIC
A c ting Chief Arbiter Deputy A rb i ter

Not long afterwards , a handwritten missive was delivered to Grand­

master Fili p .

18th October 1 978

To the dep u ty arbiter Mr. Filip :

I don ' t resume the ]2nd game b u t I am not going to sign the score
sheet of the game beca use it h a s been played u n der a b solu tely illegal con­
dition s . I don ' t consider this game valid. The ma tch is not finished. I
reserve the right to comp l a in to the FIDE on the in tolera b le Soviets 1 beh a v­
ior, a hostility of the organizers, a l a ck of a ctivity of the arb iters .
(Origina l signed)
V. KORCHNOI
217
218 T h e M a rathon Ends

After 93 grueling days , the m atch h a d ended - or h a d i t ? There were

pre s s conferences and a Closing Ceremony to be h e l d , prize checks to be
awarded - and final pronouncements to be made by F I DE m any months hence .
The initial press meeting w a s an informal a ffair which c ame about when
R aymond Keene , j ust after h i s call to F i l ip , encountered several j ourn a l i s t s
in the lobby o f the P ines Hotel . W i t h obvious feeling , M r . Keene made a
st atement to t h i s effect .
" M r . Korchnoi will not be playing the a dj ourned 32nd g ame , so w e c a n
con s i de r t h e Match term ina ted in favor of M r . K arpov . However , Mr . Korchnoi
informed me t h i s morning t h a t he did not intend to sign the offici a l score­
sheet s , in protest ag ains t the intolerable conditions which occurred during
yesterday ' s g ame .
"As the whole world k now s , tremendous pres sure w a s brought to bear by
the R u s s i a n s yesterday to disturb M r . Korchnoi and to remove his spiritual
a dvisers from him . I did my best to shield Viktor from t h i s pressure , but
inevitably the tens ion and unease which reigned in our c a m p got through to
him before the game . He w a s h andicapped by h i s inability to relax before­
h a n d by meditating with his accu stomed companion s . "
At 1 : 00 p m , reporters and photog raphers g a t hered out side the secluded
villa used by the Challenger and h i s aides . Korchnoi and Stean stepped into
the sunshine and Michael read a statement which had been written in Viktor ' s
hand.
"Althoug h I h a v e conceded the 32nd game , I w i s h t o m a k e it c l e a r t h a t
1 con sider t h a t t h i s game w a s p l a y e d under intolerable condition s . The
organizers did everything i n their power t o sl ander m e , t o destroy t h e h a r­
mony within my camp , to break my nerves . How can the Wor l d Champion s h i p
be conducted when t h e org a n i zers tell o n e p l a y e r w h o he can o r can ' t s p e a k
t o , w h i l e t h e y g i ve t h e other c a r t e b l anche to use every avai lable i l l e g a l
t r ick to di sturb h i s opponent? M r . C ampomanes h a s m a d e a mockery o f t h i s
match , and h a s done incalculable h a rm to t h e good name o f P h i lipp ine ches s .
He h a s flaunted and twisted the Match Regulations with a callousne s s t h a t I
still find unbelievable . I did not expect any degree of moral scrupulou s n e s s
from M r . K arpov and h i s merry men , but s u c h conduct from the m a t c h org a n­
izers amazes me . Although Mr . Karpov h a s retained h i s paper title , I hope
the world w i l l appreciate the moral depths to which h i s supporters h ave
lowered themselves to maintain h i s supremacy . "
I mmediately sought out by the pre s s and a sked to comment on these
charges , Florencio Campomanes replied extemporaneou sly .
"The record i s clear for everyone ' s in spection - who s l andered whom
and who ( on October 1 2 ) fin a l l y destroyed the h a rmony e st a b l ished by Mr .
R aymond Keene on September 1 4 .
" I regret M r . Korchnoi ' s change o f heart from the spirit o f sportsm an­
ship which prompted him to resign last night ' s g ame to the m aking of such
unwarranted accusations . I can only forgive him , for I know it is not e a s y
to lose s u c h a closely-fought rna tch , "
M r . Potenciana l l u sori o , P r e s i dent of the Baguio Country Club , w a s
reputedly one o f t h e match ' s financi al b ackers . For whatever rea son , he
soon received the following short lette r .

Dear Mr. Ilusorio :

In order to set the records s traigh t, I am hereby informing you th a t

Viktor Korchnoi lost the ]2nd game i n compl2te ignorance o f the pseudo­
judicial proceedings th a t morn ing a n d afternoon by the jury . Neither was h e
ever cognizant o f t h e fa c t tha t Zoukhar was sitting o n t h e 4 th row during
the game.
(Origin a l s igned)
R. D. KEENE
 The M a r a thon Ends 219

Very confusing .

* * * *

When I went with the arbiters to witne s s the World Champion ' s signa­
ture on the scoresheets of the final g ame , Karpov laughingly s a i d : " It is a
good thing t h a t we have no g ame today . I w a s awakened by the sound of an
airplane at 5 : 00 am and am very t i re d . " But victory and excitement are
rema rk able revit a lizers , and Anatoly g ave an impression of b ring well-re sted
and a lert when he appeared onstage at the Convention Center at 7 : 00 pm for
a formal press conference . The questions c ame at random from the crowd of
j ou r n a l i s t s present . K a rpov handled the g ive and take w i t h as surance and
turned only occ a sion a l l y to interpreter Sta s s i s Obouk aou !l k a s for a little
a s s i st ance w i t h the Eng lish .
Question : What took you so long to win the l a st g ame and wind up the
match , and that only after being beaten three times and drawing once in the
previous four g a m e s ?
Answe r : Every chesspl ayer h a s b a d and good d ay s . When I won t h e
eighth game , my play therea fter w a s a ffected psychologically b e c a u s e I h a d a
lot to lose while M r . Korchnoi h a d nothing to lose from that point onw a r d .
T h e qual ity o f t h e g a m e s from twenty t o twenty-seven w a s c l e a r enough . In
t he twenty-second , for example , I m a de six moves - including the 1 4 t h -
which were poor enough to deny me the wi n .
Q: What do you think about F i scher?
A: I really regret t h a t Mr. F i scher left chess and I wish t h a t he
would come back . Of course , I would like to p l ay a m atch a g a i n s t F i scher .
Q: Would you play F i scher under the s ame condit ion s a s preva iled for
this match? Would you want to play another match under these conditions
( s ix w i n s , draws not count ing ) a g a i n s t Korchnoi or anyone e l s e ?
A: The l a s t match p l ayed under these conditions took p lace about fifty
y e a r s ago between Alekhine and Capablanc a . I can say that the press ure is
rather d i fficult to withstand .
Q: W a s i t the phy s i c a l or the mental pre s s ure t h a t w a s the toughe st ,
or were they both equally rugged?
A: Together they produced the pre s sure .
Q: W h a t h appened to you physically during the match? D id you lose
weight , did you h ave t rouble eating or sleep ing?
A: I n this match I lost l e s s weight than during the 1974 F i n a l Candi­
dates iV! atch a g a i nst Korchnoi . I st arted t h a t m atch wei2,hing 104 pounds and
lost 11 of them . Here I have lost b u t 6t pounds . With some exceotion s , I
·

s lept very well dur ing t h i s match .

Q: How about the mental pre s s ure ; were you bothered by the sort of
antics that went on throughout the match - the Ananda M a rg i i , the yogurt ,
the c h a i r s , the anthem , and a l l t h a t ?
A: I a m not the type of person who bel ieves i n w a shing dirty l inen in
public . For example , my opponent complained about my swiveling in the
chair ; it happened that sometimes he did a s i m i l a r thing but I didn ' t pay
any attention to i t .
Q: W h a t k i n d o f an influence d i d D r . Zoukh a r h ave o n your own p l a y ?
A: He h e l p e d m e to overcome whatever t y p e of nervous p r e s s u r e s I
encountered - p r e s s ures which I norma l l y do not feel but which do crop up
in this k i n d of match . He helped me right from the beginning of the m atch ,
and for many y e a r s he h a s been helping various sports teams and individual
sports champions i n our country .
Q: Could you be specific about the w a y s in which he helps you? Does
he prescribe something to be put in the yogurt , or teach you meditation , or
anything like t h a t ?
A: Nothing in t h e yogurt , no meditation . He h a s h e l p e d m e l e a r n how
best to rest , to relax , to help me get away from thinking about che s s a l l
t h e time .
220 The M a rathon Ends

Q: Did you find Viktor Korchnoi a much better pl ayer here t h a n when
you met him i n the 1974 F i n a l C a ndidates M atch ?
A: I think t h a t w a s the best period for M r . Korchnoi ; in this m atch ,
there h a ve been more mistakes on both h i s p a r t and on my p a r t . But I w a n t
to say t h a t this m atch w a s m u c h h a rder t h a n m o s t because o f the l e n g t h of
the games and of the match it s e lf .
Q: Mr . K arpov , may I a s k you a difficult question o n the occa sion o f
your victory? Do you feel any bitterness tow a r d M r . Korchnoi because he did
not speak to you during the match , he defected from your country , a n d even
today he says t h a t he does not recog nize you as the legitimate World Cham­
pion?
A: A counter-que s tion . Were you present a t the prematch pre s s con-
ference held by M r . Korchnoi in M a n i l a ?
Q: No.
A: Had y o u been present a t t h a t p re s s conference , you wou l d h a v e
found the a n swer to your question . R i g h t from the beginning , M r . Korchnoi
tried to intensify the situation , the tension . All kinds of outbursts were
directe d , then and later , at me a s Worl d Champion and a t the Soviet Deleg­
ation , w h i le I persona lly never allowe d myself any b a d words . Mr . Korchnoi
accused the Soviet authorities of preventing him from winning our 1974 match .
Now , here , it w a s the F i l ipino authorities who p revented him from winning
the match . So the question a r i se s , where c a n a match be played with M r .
Korchnoi?
Q: Can you review your che s s games here and tell u s your best and
your worst game , your best and your worst move?
A: A s to the moves , I couldn t begin to tell you the best and the
1

worst . A s to the g ames , I couldn t a n swer your question very exactly right
1

now . To my regre t , I could point to only three complete g ames . The eighth ,
twenty-seventh , and thirty-second .
Q: What about the fourteenth?
A: Yes , m aybe the fourteenth . Other good g ames were the twenty-
second and twenty-fifth . In the twenty-second , I could have won the game
by a very simple move , but you might say t h a t I lost my way . And , of
course , the elevent h . I lost that one "without touching my fingers" , as we
say in R u s s i a n - very p a ssively .
Q: How do you feel about your performance here as compared with your
other results during the p a st few y e a r s ?
A: I am s a t i s fied with the outcome o f the match , but n o t w i t h the 6-5
score . The score should have been different , and for the time being I don t 1

believe t h a t I can say much about the creativeness of the play here . I may
comment about the creative and technical a spect s of each encounter in a book
on the match - t h a t i s , if I write one . I w a s s a t isfied enough w i th my
games t h rough the twenty-fi fth , but then c ame the awful decline .
Q: What w a s the lowest point you reached psychologically , how did
you bring yourself up from t h a t to win the match , and did you ever seriously
think a t a ny time that you were going to lose i t ?
A: R i g h t from t h e very f i r s t to the very l a st g ame , w a s completely
sure of my ultimate victory . After the thirty-first g ame , the rna tch h a d
developed into a r e a l battle a n d t h e n I m ade up my m i n d to confront m y
r i v a l with t h e con sideration t h a t I w a s playing the white p ieces in t h e
thi rty-second g ame .
Q: Much h a s been s a i d about the Ananda M a r g a people . Did you feel ,
at any time in the match , any inkling t h a t they were affecting you?
A: I don t know that any human beings can affect the game s , the
1

match , but when persons who fall into the c ategory of terrori s t s or crim i n a l s
a r e invited i n t o t h e h a l l , o n e should not feel fine about that .
Q: W a s it nece s s a ry , in your opinion , t h a t these two persons be
removed from B aguio City to M anila?
A: With them present , one could not be sure but that the atmosphere
 The M a rathon Ends 221

which had prevailed in the second p a r t of the match would continue .

think that the problems they caused should not keep cropping up during a
sport s even t .
Q: Have you made any p l a n s yet for spending your prize money?
A: My only plans right now are to t ake a res t .
Q: Would you meet M r . Korchnoi a g a i n ?
A: R i g h t now we cannot be s u r e w h o will win t h e next Candidates
M atches , but you c a n be certain t h a t 1 am prepared to meet whomever i s the
Challenger three years from . now .
Q: M r . Korchnoi h a s s a i d on a number of occasions t h a t Bobby F i scher
would triumph over e ither himself or Mr. Karpov . Do you a gree with h i m on
that?
A: M r . Korchnoi can p l a y and speak only for h i m s e l f . A m a t c h between
myself and M r . F i scher would be extremely interesting and I would hope to
emerge the winner .
Q: You referre d to the Ananda M a r g i i a s terror i s t s and criminal s .
Doe s t h a t mean that you a t any time felt you were actually t h reatened by
their p resence?
A: I t h i nk that we h ave a lrea dy devoted enought time to questions
about these people . I would prefer t h a t we confine ourselves to chess - pure
che s s .
Q: D o you intend t o g o straight t o Buenos Aire s , o r will you b e going
home first?
A: F i r s t , I ' m going to fly to Moscow . About B uenos Aires , I haven ' t
m a de up my mind whether I ' m going to p l ay there or whether I ' m going a s
a n onlooker . I c an ' t a n swer t h i s immediately .
Q: But you will attend the F IDE Cong r e s s as a Central Committee
Member?
A: Yes , ye s .
Q: How did you feel i n the thirty-second game , when you s aw retention
of the title within your g r a s p ?
A: I s a id to my s e l f : "There i s n o hurry ; take your time ! " This
because I had m ade the error of moving too quickly a number of times during
this match .
Q: M ay we speak about your not-too-accurate play and your not-so­
b right spot s ?
A: These things a r e o f a very controversial nature a n d one should
remark that it could depend upon the style of p l a y . M r . Korchnoi i s known
as a romantic p l a ye r , but I s acrificed in t h i s m atch more times than he did .
He w a s somewhat better prepared in the opening s ; I outplayed M r . Korchnoi
in the complicate d , d i fficul t , complex middle-game position s ; and he h a d a
slight a dvantage in those endgame positions where technique played an impor­
t a n t role . From the point of view of the chess pl ayed , this match w a s
interesting but I ' d better leave i t a t t h a t until I ' ve h a d time for further
analysi s .
Q: W h a t ' s your opinion about t h e P hilippines and B aguio - the
a r r a ngements made for the match?
A: Every attempt was m a de to provi de fine facilities plus a rrange­
ments which would al low the match to be played under normal condition s .
Today I would a l so like to extend my thanks to the a rbiters for their per­
formance under rather difficult circumstance s . Again , my thanks and my
congratul a tions to the org a n i ze r s . T h i s w a s the first World Championship
ever p l ayed in Asia and I think that i t will play a deep role in encouraging
the further development of chess i n t h i s p a rt of the world .
222 The M a rathon Ends

Thursday , 1 9th October

A sorely d i s a ppointed Korchnoi departed B ag uio City after writing once

a g a i n to Grandma ster Filip , who received t h i s letter a t 2 : 12 pm .

Oc tober 1 9 , 1 9 78
To the depu ty arb iter, Dr. Miroslav Filip
World Chess Champ ionship Match 1 9 78
With copies to Prof. Max E u we , FIDE Presiden t
and Florencio Camp omanes, Match Organ izer

Dear Mr. Filip :

I hereby file a protest, a s already sta ted a n d a nnounced in my letter
to you of October 18 yesterday. I protest against the unfair and u n eq u a l
condition s o f the 1 9 78 World Chess Champion ship Ma tch . Apart from th a t , the
Russian delegation violated FIDE Regu l a tions many times a n d broke two
agreemen ts con cluded during the ma tch . I was disturbed by the fa ct tha t
the ma tch jury decided to b a n my tr,ro friends , A n a n da Marga members
Victoria Shepherd a n d Steven Michael Dwyer from the City of Baguio on
Monday, October 1 7th .
I consider th e ]2nd game of th is ma tch not valid because of these
circums ta n ces .
The Swiss Chess Federa tion zs a u thorized to a c t on my b eh a lf, espec­
ially to file a n official protest to the FIDE Congress this year in Buenos
A ires . .

(Origina l signed)
VIKTOR KORCHNOI

A1.l but one member of the Challenger ' s Official Deleg a tion departed
with him ; Raymond Keene remained for the Closing Ceremony , authorized by
Korchnoi to accept the check for his sh are of the record purse .

Saturday , 2 1 st October

P eofes sor Lim Kok Ann , Chairman of the Match J ury , forw arded its con­
cluding reports to F I D E P r e s i dent Euwe . I n h i s cover letter to Dr . Euwe ,
P rofe s sor Lim ( in connection with a J ury decision made on 6th August ) wrote :
" I a s k F I D E P re sident to reque s t Rules Commission to formulate a regulation
that will allow a player to exclude from the audience anyone whose p re sence
mentally or p sychologically affec t s the p l ayer ' s ability to play his best .
The Rules Commission should also draft rule ( s ) t h a t woul d prevent a p l ayer
from receiving a s s i st ance during the g ame by means of p a r ap sychological or
supernatural agencie s . "

* *

The Central B a n k of the P h i lippines prepare d payments in the respective

amount s of 658 , 968 . 75 and 395 , 38 1 . 25 Swiss F r a nc s . In view of Viktor Korch­
noi ' s final letters to Arbiter Filip , a special prov i so w a s imprinted onto h i s
check . "This cheque i s n o t v a l i d u n t i l s i g n e d receipt received by P hilippine
Che s s F e deration . Signature of payee signifies t h a t he con siders the 1978
World Chess Championship definitely concluded . "
During the eight months from del ivery of b i d s to conclusion of the
 The M a r athon Ends 223

m atch , Swi s s Francs rose considerably in value compared to U . S . Dollars . In

February , t h e tot al purse of 1 , 054 , 350 Swis s Francs equaled $585 , 750 .
Rportedly , the dollar amounts eventually c ame to $432 , 645 for K a rpov and
$263 , 587 for Korchnoi - a total of $696 , 232 .
I f your a rithmetic show s t h a t Korchnoi ' s purse in dollars is not exactly
60% of Karpov ' s , that ' s because Viktor did not deposit h i s check for two
mont h s , until a fter the F I DE Congres s ; meanwhile , the Swi s s Franc climbed
to the tune of another $4 , 000 . Not that i t made any difference to Viktor ; he
lives in Swi t ze r l a n d .

* * * *

At 7 : 00 pm , the Closing Ceremony w a s held in the auditorium of the

Baguio Convention Center . Although their stay in the P hilippines had been
long and they were happily anticipating the return home , m a ny v i sitors also
felt a certain emptine s s . For more than three month s , this had been home .
T hey h a d taken p a rt in an h i s torica l event , cemented many friendship s , and
truly enjoyed the gracious hos p i t a lity of the F i l i pino people . Now it w a s
ending , a m i d s peeches , t oa st s , and a n exch ange o f addres s e s and prom ises t o
"keep in touch" . F arewells c a n be t h e most melancholy experiences of a l l .
A n d w h a t were t h e rew ards - other t h a n monetary - for t h e cont e s t a n t s ?
F o r Korchnoi , the knowledge t h a t he h a d staged a fantastic comeback
and shown himself to be a most worthy c h allenger . To become the World
Che s s Champion is a rare honor , one achieved by only a dozen men in the 92
years since the title w a s generally recogn i ze d . To twice come within a
single game of g aining the crown i s a l so a singular achievement . Viktor
has e arned his place in the p antheon of chess heroe s .
For K arpov , natura lly , the j oy which c ame with confirming h i s World
Championship - and something more . I t is difficult for those of us who are
not citizens of a soc ialis t n ation to understand the high esteem with which a
World Champion is regarded in the U SSR . Perhaps the following exchange of
telegrams will convey at l e a s t an inklin g .
From Baguio City to Moscow .

To Comrade Leonid Ilich Brezhnev

Deeply respected L eonid Ilich , I am gla d I c a n inform you th a t the
World Chess Ch amp ion ship Ma tch h a s ended in our victory .
I would l ik e you to a ccep t , dear L eonid Ilich , my hearty gra titude for
a l l the interest and a ttention you h a ve shown for me a n d our delegation
during our prepara tions and during the m a tch . I promise th a t in the future,
too, I sh a l l use all my powers to con trib ute to even h igher glory for the
Soviet Chess School .
A n a toly Karpov

I mmediately , thi s response .

To Comrade A n a toly E vgenyevich Karpov

Dear A n a toly Evgenyevich , I was very glad to receive your telegra m .
My warm a n d hearty congra tula tions o n your victory i n this responsible a n d
far-from-easy ma tch .
Our entire coun try is proud tha t in th is difficu l t and persistent comb a t
you h a ve displayed h igh mastery, da u n tless will a n d manliness - our Soviet
chara c ter. I am convinced tha t you will perfect your crea tivity even fur­
ther. I wish you good health, h appiness, and victories for the glory of our
gre a t homel a n d . L eonid Brezhnev
 FIDE Follow-on

The Swis s Che s s Federation , on behalf of Viktor Korchnoi , lodged a

protest for con s i deration by the F I D E Congress which met during November
1978 in B uenos Aires , Argentina . After discussions with the Central Committee
of F I D E , representatives of the SCF stated that their protest had been reduced
to two points .
1. The check to Mr . Korchnoi from the P h i lippines must be p ay able
without reservation s .
2. A comm i s s ion should b e created to invstigate whether there h a d been
irregularities or not in the 32nd g ame .

F rom Florencio Campom a n e s to that same F I DE Congre s s , another prote s t .

" A s organizer of the World Che s s Championship Match , B a g uio 1978 , I
protest to the Gener a l A ssembly a g a i n s t the di sgraceful conduct of the former
Challenge r , Viktor Korchnoi , and the Chief of his Deleg ation , Mrs . P e t r a
Leeuwerik , variously described b y the p r e s s a s C h i e f of the Sw i s s Dele g a t ion ,
h i s secretary , h i s constant companion , his confi dante and his a i de . "
He then listed and elaborated upon seven i n st a nces of what he charac­
terized a s "their scandalous behavior" .

F rom the Buenos Aires minutes of the General A ssembly , supreme govern­
ing body of F I D E .

Following the recommenda tions of the Central Committee, the Genera l

A ssembly
(a) declared the ma tch finished with a score of 6-5 and declared Mr. Karpov
winner of the ma tch ;
( b ) decided tha t Mr. Korchnoi 1 s check could be ca shed uncondition ally, as it
h a d b een c a sh a b le from the outset;
(c) decided tha t the Bure a u , after h a ving received the report of the Chief
Arb iter, should consider th is report as it is u s u a l with all FIDE compet­
ition s .
The General A ssembly furthermore approved th a t the Soviet and the
Swiss Chess Federa tions a n d the Chief A rb i ter (or, m his a b sence, the
Ch a irma n of the Jury) reply in writing to the following q u estion s :
1. Wa s Korchnoi "unnecessarily disturbed" in viola tion of Regu la tion 4 . 56 ?
If so, why did not the arbiters or the Jury prevent the disturbing of a
p layer in violation of Regula tion 7 . 5 ?
2. C a n a fin a l decision on the Swiss protest b e made "''ithout the Chief

224
 F ide Follow-On 225

Arb iter 1 s "official report describing the even ts a n d any u n u s u a l

problem s " i n a ccord with Regu l a tion 3 . 4 ? Who must comp lete th is report
and by when ?
3. Did Korchnoi fail to ob serve "the h ighest principles of sportsmanship and
gen tlemanly condu ct" in viola tion of Regul a tion 4 . 81 (note a lso Sta tutes
1 . 2 with respect to du ties) ? Specify deta ils.
4. A re the Swiss protesting "a decision made on stage during play"? If so,
why was not their protest submitted by the time limit sp ecified in Regul­
a tion 11 . 34 ?
The Ch a irman of the Jury h a d a lrea dy given his rep lies ; in the
Genera l Assembly, the Swiss and the Soviet Ch ess Federa tions promised to do
so b efore lea ving Buen os A ires .
These rep lies will serve the Bure a u in its in vestiga tion .
The Burea u will also con sider Mr. Campomanes 1 protest .
The Swiss delegate a ccepted tha t the check h a d been given un condit­
ionally and was satisfied with the procedure to b e followed .

The F I DE B ureau met from February 3 to 6 , 1979 in Graz , Austr i a .

Here in i t s entirely is t h a t portion of the resulting press release as it con­
cerned the 1 978 Match for the World Ch ampion s hip .

The Bureau u n a n imously approved the following delcara tion s .

(a) The FIDE Burea u , present i n fu ll a t its session s on the 4 th and
5th of Febru ary , 1 9 79 , in the c ity of Gra z , A u s tria , in a ccordance with the
req uest of the FIDE Congress Meeting of November 1 0 , 1 9 78 , cons idered the
report of In tern a tion a l A rb iter Mr. Lothar Schmid, Chief Arb iter of the World
Chess Ch amp ionship Match which took place in Baguio City (Philipp ines) from
July 18 to October 18, 1 9 78 , which report was da ted December 1 9 78 .
The FIDE Burea u w a s i n possession of the follov.ring documen ts :
( a ) the letter of protest of the Swiss Chess Federation da ted October 26 ,
1 9 78 ;
( b ) a letter o f t h e Swiss Chess Federation signed b y Mr. A . Brodbeck , dated
November 21 , 1 9 78 ;
( c ) a letter of th e Presiden t of the USSR Chess Federa tion , Mr. V. Seb a stian­
ov, da ted Jan u a ry 26 , 1 9 78 ;
(d) the minu tes of the Jury meetings , comprising 206 items, with their
annexes ;
(e) the minutes of the 1 9 78 General A s sembly which h a d a lrea dy declared the
m a tch fin ished with a score of 6-5 and declared Mr. Karpov winner of
the m a tch ;
(f) the replies to the four question s form u l a ted by the 1 9 78 FIDE Congres s .
During a whole day 1 s session the FIDE Bureau heard the exp l a n a tions
given by Mr. Baturinsky, representa tive of Mr. Karpov, and Mr. Brodb eck,
representa tive of Mr. Korchnoi.
Considering th a t both heads of delegation h a d con cluded a private
a ccord comprising among other th ings tha t Dr. Zou khar, not a n official
member of the Soviet delega tion , had to b e sea ted in one of the rear rows of
the h a l l beca u se the Ch a llenger h a d declared th a t he felt disturbed by the
n earness of Dr. Zoukh a r ;
Considering th a t during t h e whole ]2nd g a m e D r . Zoukhar was sea ted in
one of the fron t rows;
Considering th a t from the point of view of the Ch a llenger and his
delega tion this beha vior of Dr. Zoukhar could very well b e con sidered as a
disturbance;
Considering, however, th a t neither the Cha l lenger nor a ny members of
his delega tion , who were present in the h a l l , protested against it during the
226 Fide Fol low-On

wh ole game;
The Bureau u n a n imou sly came to the con c l u sion th a t during the ]2nd
game both the Ma tch Regula tion s and the Rules of Play of FIDE were respec­
ted and fully enforced.
( b ) The World Chess Champion ship Ma tch between Karpov and Korchnoi
in Baguio 1 9 78 "'a s prepared and orga n ized in a thoroughly excellent manner
by the Chess Federation of th e Ph ilippine Republic.
A fter a p a in s ta king exam in a tion, the FIDE Bureau confirms th a t the
Jury and the Panel of Arb iters a lso fulfilled their du ties in a n objective and
effective fa sh ion .
Under these circumstances, we m u s t condemn premeditated a c tions a n d
omissions o n th e part o f t h e Cha llenger within t h e framework o f t h e World
Chess Champion ship which did not conform to the sporting ethics of chess and
general social obliga tion s and which also damaged the dignity and prestige
of FIDE .
The FIDE Bure a u regrets the Ch a llenger 1 s a ttitude and severely a dmon­
ishes Mr. Korch noi to condu c t h imself in a correct manner in all future chess
ma tches .
 Foreca st

1 st Witch : When shall we three meet again

In thunder, lightning, or in rain ?
2nd Witch : When the h urlyb urly 1 s done,
When the b a ttle 1 s lost and �Jon .

I t is my belief that 1 st Witch K arpov and 2nd Witch Korchnoi w i l l butt

heads again i n 1 98 1 , after Viktor survives the 1 980 Final Candidates M atch .

The 3rd Witch? The Chief Arbiter , of course .

227
 Ta ble of Resu lts

Games not l i sted were D r awn a n d did not count

Game N umber
8 11 13 14 17 21 27 28 29 31 32 Totals

K arpov 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 6-5

Korchnoi 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 5-6

229
 Glossa ry of Abbrevia tions and Terms

Bureau of F I DE A ten-member body w hich " ai d s the P r e s i dent in a l l

t a s k s for w h i c h he i s re spon s ible according to the
s tatute s . Between the meetin g s of the General A s s embly
i t makes decisions on m atters in i t s charge according
to t h e se s tatutes or on important m atters l a id b e fore it
by the P re sident . "

C a ndidates M atches - An elimination series between eight p l ayers ; the w inner

becomes Offi c i a l Challenger for the World Championship
the following y e a r .

ECO Encyclopedia of Chess Openings. F ive volumes publishe d

i n Yugos lavia w i t h the approval o f F l D E . P eriodically
update d , the definitive reference for s tudy of the
opening s . ,

F ID E Federation I nterna t ionale des Echecs ( The World Che s s

Federation ) . Governing body of world chess .

F I DE Bureau See " Bureau of F IDE" .

F I DE Congr e s s Every other y e a r ( in conj uction with the World Team

Ches s Champion s h i p s ) , meetings of the Bure a u , Central
and other Committees , and the General A ssembly -
ultimate authority in F lD E .

Filipina A female n ative o r c itizen o f the P hilippine s .

F il ip i no Any native o r c i t i zen o f the P hilippines .

Gens U n a Sumus T h e motto of F ID E : We a re a l l one family .

"64" Weekly c h e s s newspaper published in the U SSR . ( Became

a b imonthly m a g azine i n 1980 . )

Z ugzwang When the p l ayer on the move does not h ave a good one .

Z w i s chenzug An i ntermediate move .

231
 Genera l Index

B a la shov , Yuri 5 , 65 , 1 1 8 , 174 , 2 10

B aturinsky , Viktor 4 , 1 2 , 1 3 , 26 , 28, 34 , 35 , 47 , 56 , 62 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 77 ,
88 , 94 . 98 , 109, 1 1 4 , 1 19 , 1 25 , 1 2 7 ' 1 2 9 , 130 , 1 3 1 ' 134 , 145 , 146 , 147 '
160 , 165 , 1 7 8 , 2 1 1 , 2 1 2 , 2 1 4 , 225
Berginer , D r . V l a dimir M . 82 , 95 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 104 , 105 , 107 , 109
Campomanes , Florencio 4, 1 1 , 1 7 , 26 , 3 1 , 35 , 38 , 47 , 49, 54 , 57 , 67 , 72 ,
76 , 87 ' 88 , 109 , 1 1 5 , 1 1 9 , 1 24 , 1 25 , 1 26 , 1 28 , 1 2 9 , 130 , 140 , 146 , 147 '
160 , 1 6 1 , 1 7 4 , 194 , 207 , 208 , 209 , 2 1 1 , 2 1 2 , 2 1 8 , 224
Clae s , Luc 1 3 8 , 1 4 1 , 1 4 5 , 1 4 6 , 148 , 1 4 9 , 153 , 159 , 168 , 195 , 2 1 4
D a d a ( Steven Michael Dwyer ) 132 , 137 , 1 4 1 , 146 , 147 , 148 , 153 , 154 , 160 ,
161 , 166 , 170 , 1 7 4 . 194 , 207 , 208 , 209 , 2 1 2 , 220 , 222
Didi ( Victoria Shepherd ) 132, 137 , 1 4 1 , 1 45 , 146 , 153 , 154 , 160 , 1 6 1 , 166 ,
1 7 0 , 1 7 4 , 1 94 , 207 , 208 , 209 , 2 1 2 , 220 , 222
Dwyer , Steven Michael - see D a d a
Edmondson , E . B . 6 , 1 4 , 32 , 40 , 55 , 59 , 66 , 6 9 , 78 , 80 , 93 , 95 , 1 19 , 124 ,
1 26 , 130 , 132 , 155 , 1 65 , 170 , 1 7 8 , 1 87 ' 188 , 2 1 7 ' 2 1 9
Euw e , D r . M a x 6 , 7 , 1 1 , 1 2 , 1 4 , 1 5 , 1 6 , 2 8 , 67 , 174 , 187 , 208 , 209 , 222
Filip , D r . M iroslav 5, 2 9 , 55 , 72 , 873 , 86 , 1 10 , 1 1 5 , 1 16 , 1 18 , 1 19 , 162 ,
186 , 187 , 202 , 2 1 1 , 2 1 5 , 2 1 7 , 222
Flag que stion 1 2 , 1 3 , 1 4 , 1 8 , 34 , 82
G l a s s e s , dark ( Korchnoi ) 1 7 , 2 1 , 4 1 , 48 , 50 , 72 , 73 , 86 , 87 , 1 1 2 , 1 1 4 , 1 19 ,
1 2 9 , 1 3 1 , 134 , 1 94 , 2 1 4
Handshake 20 , 23 , 47 , 48 , 53 , 67 , 94 , 156
Hola zo , R a fael M . 76 , 102 , 105 , 1 1 4 , 1 18 , 1 19
J ury Meetings 14, 28 , 57 , 79, 1 1 4 , 1 19 , 125 , 1 28 , 132 , 147 , 1 6 1 , 1 7 4 , 211
K a zic , Bozidar 55 , 187 , 2 1 7
Keene , R aymond 5 , 23 , 27 , 32 , 34 , 36 , 40 , 53 , 57 , 63 , 66 , 7 0 , 77 , 93 , 94 ,
95 , 10 1 , 1 1 8 , 125 , 1 26 , 1 27 , 128 , 1 2 9 , 130 , 1 3 1 , 132 , 1 3 4 , 1 4 5 , 146 ,
147 , 1 5 1 , 153 , 160 , 1 6 1 , 166 , 170 , 174 , 186 , 187 , 188 , 192 , 194 , 202 ,
207 , 208 , 209 , 2 1 1 , 2 1 2 , 2 1 4 , 2 1 7 , 2 1 8 , 222
Krylov , V a lery 7 , 3 1 , 95 , 105 , 1 1 8 , 159 , 174 , 175 , 194
L a r a , Manuel F . 5 , 1 2 , 22 , 24 , 2 9 , 38 , 67 , 72 , 7 7 , 83 , 91 , 1 15
Leeuwerik , P etra 4, 1 2 , 15, 25 , 27 , 34 , 36 , 47 , 54 , 58 , 66 , 68 , 72 , 77 , 87 ,
93 , 95 , 1 0 1 , 103 , 104 , 106 , 107 , 109, 1 1 2 , 1 1 4 , 1 1 8 , 1 19 , 123 , 1 2 5 , 126 ,
1 2 7 , 1 28 , 130 , 1 4 1 , 146 , 148 , 1 4 9 , 150 , 155 , 159 , 160 , 166 , 170 , 175,
187 , 188 , 189 , 1 90 , 1 93 , 194 , 1 97 , 207 , 2 1 6 , 224
Lim , P rofes sor Kok Ann 6 , 28 , 57 , 7 7 , 87 , 88 , 1 1 4 , 1 1 9 , 126 , 1 27 , 129 ,
1 47 , 1 5 5 , 187 , 2 1 1 , 2 1 2 , 222

233
234 General I ndex

M alchev , Andrei 6, 60 , 80 , 1 19 , 1 28 , 2 1 7
M a rcos , P re si dent Ferdinand 13, 15, 1 6 , 34 , 54 , 78
Murey , Y akob 5, 35 , 53 , 93 , 95 , 1 0 1 , 108 , 109 , 123 , 125 , 1 27 , 130 , 187 ,
188 , 189 . 193 , 207
N ational Anthems 12 , 1 5 , 34 , 69
P anno , Oscar 95 , 99 , 123 , 125 , 153 , 175 , 186 , 187 , 2 1 3
P ines Hotel 10 , 32 , 34 , 36 , 40 , 6 5 , 66 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 98 , 106 , 109 , 144 , 1 26
127 , 132 , 1 4 1 , 153 , 159 , 161 , 166 , 1 7 4 , 180 , 188 , 207 , 208 , 2 1 7 , 2 18
Roshal , Alexander 7 , 3 1 , 65 , 68 , 6 9 , 1 5 9 , 170
Schmi d , Lothar 4, 12 , 13, 1 4 , 15, 1 6 , 1 7 , 20 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 28 , 3 1 , 34 , 36 ,
37 , 38 , 40 , 42 , 47 , 4 9 , 53 , 55 , 62 , 67 , 70 , 72 . 76 , 83 , 88 , 90 , 9 1 , 93 ,
94 , 98 , 99 , 10 1 , 104 , 107 , 1 10 , 1 1 2 , 1 1 4 , 1 1 5 , 124 , 1 26 , 1 27 , 13 4 , 1 54 ,
156 . 162 , 173 , 1 7 5 . 1 82 , 186 , 187 , 2 1 1 , 225
Sebastianov , Vitaly 16 , 35 , 195 , 203 , 225
Shepher d , Victoria - See Didi
Staring ( by K arpov ) 23 , 42 , 50 , 73 , 155
'
Ste an , Michael 5, 27 , 32 , 34 , 36 , 53 , 54 , 66 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 1 0 1 , 1 23 , 1 25 ,
127 , 130 , 1 3 1 , 1 4 1 , 150 , 170 , 186 , 187 , 188 , 189 , 192 , 1 94 , 197 , 207 , 2 18
Swiveling ( by Karpov ) 104 , 1 10 , 1 1 2 , 1 1 4 , 1 18 , 155 , 162 , 165 , 2 1 9
T a l , Mikhail 5 , 36 , 62 , 6 9 , 76 , 1 4 1 , 170 , 192
Terraces P laza 10 , 34 , 40 , 66 , 67 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 109 , 1 1 4 , 1 23 , 124 , 126 , 132 ,
165 , 170 , 174 . 175 , 180 , 1 93 , 199 , 2 1 7
Yogurt 22 , 24 , 27 , 3 1 , 32 , 3 4 , 35 , 38 , 48 , 6 9 , 82 , 1 49 , 1 90 , 197 , 2 1 9
Zoukha r , D r . Vladimir 7 , 3 1 , 3 7 , 40 , 4 1 , 42 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 54 , 57 , 62 , 68 ,
6 9 , 72 , 83 , 76 , 87 , 88 , 93 , 95 . 99 , 100 , 10 1 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 109 ,
1 1 2 , 1 1 8 , 199 , 1 2 1 , 125 , 128 , 1 29 , 130 , 134 , 137 . 1 3 9 . 1 4 1 , 145 , 146 ,
148 , 154 , 159 , 168 , 1 99 . 2 1 3 , 2 1 8 , 2 1 9 , 225