Public housing

Some demand and some supply

Presented by:
Alan Chang Kin Leong (p7319724)

Photo by Alan Chang

 • Data Set
Contents • Approach & Programs
• Look in some demand and supply
URL of Data Sets
• https://data.gov.sg/dataset/active-cases-of-renting-out-of-flat
• Active Cases of Renting Out of Flat
• https://data.gov.sg/dataset/bookings-for-new-flats-annual
• Bookings for New Flats
• https://data.gov.sg/dataset/flats-constructed
• Flats Constructed
• https://data.gov.sg/dataset/resale-flat-prices
• Resale Flat Prices
• https://data.gov.sg/dataset/resale-transaction-by-flat-type-based-on-
registered-cases
• Resale Transaction by Flat Type (based on registered cases)
 My Data Set Setup
Because • C:\PYAI\data\ca1_ds
C:\ is SSD • C:\PYAI\data\ca1_ds\active-cases-of-renting-out-of-
flat
• active-cases-of-renting-out-of-flat.csv
• C:\PYAI\data\ca1_ds\bookings-for-new-flats-annual
• bookings-for-new-flats
• C:\PYAI\data\ca1_ds\flats-constructed
• flats-constructed-by-housing-and-
development-board-annual.csv
• C:\PYAI\data\ca1_ds\resale-flat-prices
• resale-flat-prices-based-on-registration-date-
from-jan-2015-onwards
• C:\PYAI\data\ca1_ds\resale-transaction-by-flat-type-
based-on-registered-cases
Programs (.py and .ipynb are setup in • resale-transactions-by-flat-type-based-on-
registered-cases
C:\PYAI
 First, a program to process all the CSV files and give some statistics information

A program to plot line chart and bar char for all the CSV files with only 2 columns of
numeric data

Approach I saw a trend, then create a program to scatterplot

•Active Cases of Renting Out of Flat
•Bookings for New Flats
5 python programs
Next, look at demand satisfied by resale market in the past for the different type of flat

Lastly, narrow down to look at pricing for combination of town and flat type
 A majority of population in Singapore
Public resides in public housing, i.e., HDB flats
housing
Aside from the direct purchase of flat from
demand HDB, there are demands met outside of
outside of HDB

HDB I look at a few data sets to see how part of

purchases the demand outside of purchases from
HDB are like and how they may be met
 First, a program to “walkthrough” process all the CSV files in a folder and give some
statistics information

A program to plot line chart and bar char for all the CSV files with only 2 columns of
numeric data

I saw a trend, then create a program to scatterplot

Approach •Active Cases of Renting Out of Flat

•Bookings for New Flats

Next, look at demand satisfied by resale market in the past for the different type of flat

Lastly, narrow down to look at pricing for combination of town and flat type
 Active Cases of Renting Out of Flat
Data sets
• https://data.gov.sg/dataset/active-cases-of-
walkthrough renting-out-of-flat

found 3 of Bookings for New Flats

the 5 are 2 • https://data.gov.sg/dataset/bookings-for-
columns new-flats-annual

numeric data Flats Constructed

sets • https://data.gov.sg/dataset/flats-constructed
Sample Output -
Default folder = [c:\pyai\data\ca1_ds] For for each CSV file in the folder, the
Where is the data located? Press [Enter] for default folder:

Going through files in folder [c:\pyai\data\ca1_ds]........

following are shown:
1. Number of rows and columns
Processing file c:\pyai\data\ca1_ds\active-cases-of-renting-out-of-flat\active-cases-of-renting-out-of-flat.csv
2. The name and type of each column
********************************************************************************

***Active Cases Of Renting Out Of Flat***

3. Number of unique values and the values
******************************************************************************** if there are not many (<=30)
There are 11 rows and 2 columns in this dataset
4. Statistics information for numeric
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The names of the columns are:

columns:
1. financial_year <class 'int32'> isnumeric: True • Lowest number (Note: 0 is excluded
2. no_active_cases <class 'int32'> isnumeric: True

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
as minimum)
11 unique values in financial_year column • Highest number
unique values are {2016, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015} • Range
Excluding 0s in this column........

lowest number in this column = 2007

• Average
highest number in this column = 2016 • 1st quartile
range for this column = 9
• Median
• 3rd quartile
average in this column = 2011.00

1st quartile in this column = 2008.50

median in this column = 2011.00 • Whether data is likely to be skewed

3rd quartile in this column = 2013.50
• Mode
no data skewing can be implied

mode in this column = 2006

• Standard deviation
standard deviation = 3.1

...
 First, a program to process all the CSV files and give some statistics information

A program to plot line chart and bar char for all the CSV files with only 2 columns of
numeric data

I saw a trend, then create a program to scatterplot

Approach •Active Cases of Renting Out of Flat

•Bookings for New Flats

Next, look at demand satisfied by resale market in the past for the different type of flat

Lastly, narrow down to look at pricing for combination of town and flat type
More demand since 2006
at:
1. Rental of flats
2. Purchase of new flats
 First, a program to process all the CSV files and give some statistics information

A program to plot line chart and bar char for all the CSV files with only 2 columns of
numeric data

I saw a trend, then create a program to scatterplot

Approach •Active Cases of Renting Out of Flat

•Bookings for New Flats

Next, look at demand satisfied by resale market in the past for the different type of flat

Lastly, narrow down to look at pricing for combination of town and flat type
Plotting the same 2 sets of data into a scatterplot and adding a trendline shows the trend of increasing demand in rental
and yet the purchase are also in uptrend

it looks like the trend of renting

flats and booking of new flats is
on the rise since 2006.

This implies the demand has been

increasing over the year.

Are we not building to fulfil the

home ownership aspiration?
 First, a program to process all the CSV files and give some statistics information

A program to plot line chart and bar char for all the CSV files with only 2 columns of
numeric data

I saw a trend, then create a program to scatterplot

Approach •Active Cases of Renting Out of Flat

•Bookings for New Flats

Next, look at demand satisfied by resale market in the past for the different type of flat

Lastly, narrow down to look at pricing for combination of town and flat type
 In actual fact, we have been build
mostly more over the years since 2006
HDB is not the only supply of
public housing
The resale market is where some buyers turned to
fulfil their demand
We can expect resale transactions volume to differ
over the years
Different flat type also has different demands

So, when looking at the met supply and demand in

the resale market, we should look at it by flat type
 First, a program to process all the CSV files and give some statistics information

A program to plot line chart and bar char for all the CSV files with only 2 columns of
numeric data

I saw a trend, then create a program to scatterplot

Approach •Active Cases of Renting Out of Flat

•Bookings for New Flats

Next, look at demand satisfied by resale market in the past for the different type of flat

Lastly, narrow down to look at pricing for combination of town and flat type
There seems to be downward trend in number of resale transactions since 2009.
Concentrating on the 3 most transacted types of flat, it can also be seen the demand for
resale flats has been generally down since.
Economics tells us that

Demand and supply affect prices

Lower demand generally lead to lower price

How much can owner sell his/her HDB flat

in these times then?
 First, a program to process all the CSV files and give some statistics information

A program to plot line chart and bar char for all the CSV files with only 2 columns of
numeric data

I saw a trend, then create a program to scatterplot

Approach •Active Cases of Renting Out of Flat

•Bookings for New Flats

Next, look at demand satisfied by resale market in the past for the different type of flat

Lastly, narrow down to look at pricing for combination of town and flat type
 Generally, not useful to look at historical price too far back to
compare for current prices

So, I only at the latest 6 months transactions in the data set

Variable can easily be changed for look at 3 months

Owners looking to sell will also be likely to compare with the

nearby town and same type of flat for pricing of resale flat

For this purpose, I target to look the data sets for the 3 towns in
the central of Singapore: Ang Mo Kio, Bishan, Toa Payoh

Pricing… Set reduced using Boolean index by list of towns

when an The data set is categorized by town and the different types of
flat to plot the histograms and boxplots
owner want to
sell
Resale prices for
latest 6 months…
say just for a few
towns in Central
Singapore
Let’s look at
Histogram for Ang Mo Kio town

In the transactions recorded for the

latest 6 months, we can see the
resale prices are somewhat skewed.
In some cases, it's more so than
other.
Histogram for Bishan town

For a town and flat type

combination, you can tell what is
the most transacted price for a type
of flat in a town.
Histogram for Toa Payoh town

For example, in the case of 4 room

flat in Toa Payoh town, the most
transacted prices are around
$600K.

So, if you are trying to sell you Toa

Payoh 4 room flat, there is a good
chance of selling it at around
$600K.
Moving to the boxplot for the
same set of targeted data…

We can see cases of outliers.

Outliers tell a story of

exception and these resale
prices are further from the
median.
For the most transacted type
of flats in the 3 towns, i.e., 4
room, the outliers way higher
than the median price except
for 4 room in Ang Mo Kio and
Bishan which implies there are
still quite a bit of people
willing to pay above the
median price..
However, in the case of Toa
Payoh, the buyers who are
willing for fork out more than
the median price are doing so
more for the 3 room flat. So,
there are more chance to sell
3 room flat in Toa Payoh to
people will pay more than
median price.
 Thank You for reviewing.
End of Presentation Comments welcome.