TABLE OF CONTENTS

No. Topics Page No.

1. Title 2
2. Objective 2
3. Theory 2
4. Equipment 4
5. Procedure 5
6. Data and Results 6
7. Sample Of Calculation 7
8. Analysis and Discussion 9
9. Conclusion 10
10. References 10

TITLE: CONCENTRIC TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER

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OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the effect of temperature variation on the
performance characteristics of a parallel-flow concentric tube heat
exchanger.

THEORY:

The equations for calculating the performance characteristics: power emitted, power
absorbed, power lost, efficiency (η), logarithmic mean temperature (ΔTm), and overall
heat transfer coefficient (U).

The efficiency for the cold medium is:

ηc = (Tc,out – Tc,in) / (Th,in – Tc,in) × 100

The efficiency for the hot medium is:

ηh = (Th,in – Th,out) / (Th,in – Tc,in) × 100

The mean temperature efficiency is:

ηmean = ( ηc + ηh ) / 2

The power emitted is given below (where Vh is the volumetric flow rate of the hot
fluid):

Power Emitted = Vh ρh Cph ( Th,in – Th,out )

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The power absorbed is given below (where Vc is the volumetric flow rate of the cold
fluid):

Power Absorbed = Vc ρc Cpc ( Tc,out – Tc,in )

The power lost is therefore:

Power Lost = Power Emitted – Power Absorbed

The overall efficiency (η) is:

η=(Power Absorbed / Power Emitted) × 100

The logarithmic mean temperature difference (ΔTm) is:

ΔTm = (ΔT1 – ΔT2) / ln (ΔT1/ΔT2)

= [ (Th,in – Tc,out) – (Th,out – Tc,in) ] / ln [(Th,in – Tc,out) / (Th,out Tc,in)]

The overall heat transfer coefficient (U) is:

U = Power Absorbed / As . ΔTm

Where the surface area (As) for this heat exchanger is 0.067 m²

EQUIPMENT: The experiment set-up consists of:

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 a) Set of tube heat exchanger.
b) Cold fluids supply and hot fluids supply.
c) Digital stopwatch.

Figure 1: Set of tube heat exchanger. Figure 2: Volumetric Flow Rate.

Figure 3: Decade Switch. Figure 4: Flow Diagrams.

This experiment can be made using either parallel or counter flow operation. This
experiment was conducted as parallel flow operation.

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PROCEDURE:

1. Configure the experiment for parallel flow heat exchanger operation such as turn
ON the heating elements to heat the fluids.
2. Set the required hot water inlet temperature to Th,in = 60º with the decade switch
and set the cold water volumetric flow rate (Vc) to run at a constant 2000
cm³/min.
3. Initially set the hot water volumetric flow rate Vh to 1000 cm³/min. Wait until 5
minutes before the three temperature readings are records.
4. Repeat this for volumetric flow rate,Vh of 2000, 3000 cm³/min for hot water.
Record the temperature readings in the table.
5. After finish up the experiment, turn OFF the heating elements, close the valve for
hot and cold water.

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DATA AND RESULTS:
1. RESULT:
For Cold Water:

Flow rate (m3/s) Flow rate TC,in (○C) TC,out (○C) TC,mid (○C)
(L/min)

3.3333e-5 2 22.5 29 27.5

4.1667e-5 2.5 24 33 28

4.6667e-5 2.8 24.5 33.5 29

For Hot Water:

Flow rate m3/s) Flow rate TH,in (○C) TH,mid (○C) TH,out (○C)
(L/min)

1.66667e-5 1 62.5 47 49

3.3333e-5 2 62 51 55

5e-5 3 62 51 55

Density of hot water = 986.62 kg/m3

Density of cold water = 995.41 kg/m3
Specific heat of hot water = 4182 J/K.kg
Specific heat of cold water = 4178 J/K.kg

Power Power Overall LMTD Power Lost U

emitted (W) absorbed (W) efficiency (%) (○C) (W) (W/m2○
C)
1065 900.2 84.5 27.5 164.8 510.6

1510 1559 103.2 26.7 -49 910.9

1650 1744 105.6 26.2 -94 1038.4

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SAMPLE CALCULATION:

From table A-9 (Properties of saturated water):

At Tc,in = 20 ºC.
Vc = 2000 cm³/min = 2000 cm³/min × 1 min/60 s × 1 m³/100³ cm³
=3.333E-5 m³/ s
ρc = 996 kg / m³

Cpc = 4178 J/kg.K

At Th,in = 60 ºC.
ρh = 983.3 kg / m³

Cph = 4185 J/kg.K

a) Power Emitted = Vh ρh Cph ( Th,in – Th,out )

= (1.667E-5 m³)(983.3 kg / m³)(4185 J/kg.K)(333K – 319K)
= 960.38W

b) Power Absorbed = Vc ρc Cpc ( Tc,out – Tc,in )

= (3.333E-5 m³/ s)( 996 kg / m³)(4178 J/kg.K)(301K – 293K)
= 1108.56 W
c) Power Lost = Power Emitted – Power Absorbed
= 1108.56 W – 960.38 W
= 148.18 W

d) Overall Efficiency, η =(Power Absorbed / Power Emitted) × 100

= (960.38W / 1108.56 W) × 100
= 86.63 %

e) Logrithmic Mean Temperature Difference, ΔTm= (ΔT1 – ΔT2) / ln (ΔT1/ΔT2)

ΔT1 = Th,in – Tc,out

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 = 60 ºC - 28 ºC
= 32 ºC
ΔT2 = Th,out – Tc,in
= 46 ºC – 20 ºC
= 26 ºC
ΔTm = (ΔT1 – ΔT2) / ln (ΔT1/ΔT2)
= (32 ºC – 26 ºC) / ln [(32 ºC/26 ºC)
= 28.89 ºC

f) Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient, U = Power Absorbed / As . ΔTm

U = Power Absorbed / As . ΔTm
= 960.38W / (0.067 m²×28.89 ºC)
= 496.15 W/ m² .ºC

ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

Heat exchanger are commonly used in practice, and an engineer often finds
himself or herself in a position to select a heat exchanger that will achieve a specified
temperature change in a fluid stream of known flow rate, or to predict the outlet
temperatures of the hot and cold fluids stream in a specified heat exchanger.

The variation of temperature of hot and cold fluids in a parallel-flow heat

exchanger is given in figure 4. Note that the hot and cold fluids enter the heat exchanger
from opposite ends, and the outlet temperature of the cold fluid in this case may exceed
the outlet temperature of the hot fluid. In the limiting case, the cold fluid will be heated to

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the inlet temperature of the hot fluid. However, the outlet temperature of the cold fluid can
never exceed the inlet temperature of the hot fluid, since this would be a violation of the
second law of thermodynamics.

CONCLUSION
It can be concluded that the experiment is done successfully. The power emitted and
power absorbed are increased when we compared the effect of changing the volumetric
flow rate of the hot fluid. Besides, the power lost that we get shows decreasing value
unless the last reading give some increased value. This is maybe because of the error
while doing the experiment that may cause by conduction and convection between hot and
cold fluid while doing counter flow operation. The overall efficiency are reasonable and
doesn’t exceed the 100%. From our experiment, the overall heat transfer coefficient will
increase when the volumetric flow rate of the hot fluid are increase. So that, the
conclusion that can be done is the overall heat transfer coefficient, the power emitted and
power absorbed are influenced by the changing of volumetric flow rate of the hot fluid.

REFERENCE

1. Heat and Mass Transfer (A Practical Approach) – 3rd Edition

Yunus A. Cengel
McGraw Hill (2006).

2. Class Note KJM531-Heat Transfer.