Thermochemistry combination problems answers

First, a disclaimer. This stuff has huge holes in reality. It is impossible to completely
transfer all of the energy from one process to another process without some inefficiency.
The inefficiencies are often referred to as heat loss or energy loss although the energy is
not really lost but rather escapes from the system and/or is unavailable for driving the
process of interest.

1) Changing the temperature

a) Calculate the heat in Joules needed to warm 53.7 g of solid zinc up by 48.98ºC.

q = C x m x ∆ T = 0.388 J/g Zn ºC x 53.7 g Zn x 48.98ºC = 1020 J (C is from the PT.)

b) Calculate the heat in calories needed to cool 79.43 g of boron from 547.9 K to 268.2
K. What would that heat be in Calories (food calories)?

q = C x m x ∆ T = 1.026 J/g B ºC x 79.43 g B x 279.7 K x 1 cal = 5450 cal or 5.45 Cal

4.18 J

c) Calculate the change in the temperature if 39.8 J is applied to 209 g of ethanol.

∆T= q = 39.8 J = 0.079 ºC

Cxm 2.4 J/g ºC x 209 g EtOH

d) Calculate the final temperature if 8.66 J of energy is absorbed by 93.47 g of iodine at a

starting temperature of –24.73 ºC.

∆T= q = 8.66 J = 0.639 ºC Final temperature is –24.09 ºC

Cxm 0.145 J/g I ºC x 93.47 g I2

e) Calculate the mass of calcium that can be heated up 65.4 ºC using 197 J.

m= q = 197 J = 4.66 g Ca
C x ∆T 0.647 J/g Ca ºC x 65.4 ºC

f) Calculate the specific heat capacity of substance Z if removing 659 J from 81.09 g of
the substance causes the temperature to change from 345.78 K to 221.98 K.

C = q = 659 J = 0.0656 J/g ºC

m x ∆T 81.09 g Z x 123.80 ºC

g) Calculate the heat capacity of substance Q if adding 457 J to 20.00 g of the substance
changes the temperature by 78.9 ºC.

Heat capacity = heat = 457 J = 5.79 J/ºC

∆T 78.9 ºC
2) Changing phases
a) How many moles of silver can be melted using 36.98 kJ?

36.98 kJ x 1 mol Ag = 3.27 mol Ag

11.3 kJ

b) How many grams of benzene can be boiled using 478.9 kJ?

478.9 kJ x 1 mol benzene x 78.12 g C6H6 = 1210 g benzene

30.8 kJ 1 mol benzene

c) How many liters of nitrogen gas can be produced when 35.98 kJ is used to boil the
nitrogen at STP?

35.98 kJ x 1 mole N2 x 22.4 L N2 = 289 L N2

2.793 kJ 1 mole N2

d) Calculate the energy removed to condense 65.23 moles of titanium.

65.23 mol Ti x 425.2 kJ = 27740 kJ

1 mol Ti

e) Calculate the energy removed to freeze 0.675 g of methanol.

0.675 g MeOH x 1 mol MeOH x 3.16 kJ = 0.0666 kJ

32.05 g MeOH 1 mole MeOH

3) Changing phases and temperatures

a) Calculate the total energy needed to heat 30.98 g of water from 63.9 ºC to the boiling
point and then boil the water to obtain 100.00 ºC steam.

Heat water = qheat = C x m x ∆T = 4.18 J/g ºC x 30.98 g water x 36.1ºC = 4670 J = 4.67 kJ

Boil water = qboil = 30.98 g water x 1 mol water x 40.7 kJ = 70.0 kJ

18.02 g water 1 mol water

Total energy = qheat + qboil = 4.67 kJ + 70.0 kJ = 74.7 kJ

b) Calculate the total energy removed to change 21.5 g of liquid acetone at 202.5 K to
frozen acetone at its melting point.

c) Calculate the total energy removed from 36.7 g of steam at 137.9 ºC to produce ice at
–19.4 ºC.
 d) Calculate the final temperature when 906 kJ is added to 57.02 g of ice with a
beginning temperature of –13.67 ºC.
e) Calculate the mass of solid H2O that can be heated from 265 .7 K to obtain liquid
water at 308.3 K using 54.1 J.

4) Heat of reaction (Use the following 3 reactions.)

2NaHCO3 (s) → Na2CO3 (s) + H2O (g) + CO2 (g) ∆H =129 kJ

CaO (s) + H2O (l) → Ca(OH)2 (s) ∆H = 65.2 kJ

Fe2O3 (s) + 3CO (g) → 2Fe (s) + 3CO2 (g) + 26.3 kJ

a) Calculate the energy absorbed when 68.7 grams of sodium bicarbonate is decomposed.
b) Calculate the mass of calcium hydroxide that can be formed using 742.9 kJ.
c) Calculate the energy released when 88.4 liters of carbon monoxide is reacted with
excess iron (III) oxide.
5) Heat of reaction, temperature changes, and phase changes
a) Calculate the temperature change in 498 g of silver if heat from the cooling of the
silver is used to decompose 92.22 g of sodium bicarbonate.
b) Calculate the mass of ice that can be melted from the heat released by the reaction of
168.5 g of iron (III) oxide is reacted with excess carbon monoxide.
c) Calculate the final temperature of 14.36 g of water with a starting temperature of 4.57
ºC if 82.7 g of calcium hydroxide is formed from calcium oxide and water.
6) Heat of solution (∆Hsoln = -445.1 kJ/ mol NaOH; -82.8 kJ/mol CaCl2; 25.7 kJ/mol
NH4NO3)
a) Calculate the heat released when 98.54 g of NaOH is completely dissolved.
b) Calculate the mass of calcium chloride that is dissolved when 42.97 kcal of energy is
released by the dissolving of the calcium chloride.
7) Heat of solution, temperature changes, and phase changes
a) Calculate the mass of ammonium nitrate that dissolves when the 89.34 g of water
changes its temperature from 79.34 ºC to 21.76 ºC.
b) Calculate the mass of phosphorus (at it melting point temperature) that can be melted
using the heat given off by the dissolving of 76 g of sodium hydroxide.
c) Calculate the final temperature of 543 g of water starting at 87.54 ºC using the heat
released when 1298 g of calcium chloride dissolves.
8) Heat of formation
a) Using the standard heats of formation, write a balanced equation and calculate the heat
of reaction when hydrogen peroxide reacts with nitrogen monoxide to form steam and
nitrogen dioxide.
b) Show a balanced equation and calculate the heat of reaction when sodium reacts with
calcium carbonate in a single displacement reaction.
c) Hydrogen sulfide reacts with chlorine to form monoclinic sulfur and hydrogen
chloride. Calculate the energy released when 657 g of hydrogen chloride is produced
with this reaction.
9) Heat of formation, temperature changes, and phase changes
 a) Calculate the temperature change of water when 729.87 g of water is heated by the
decomposition of 0.4378 g of hydrogen peroxide decomposes to form liquid water and
oxygen gas.
b) Calculate the mass of cesium at it melting point that can be melted when the heat from
the reaction of 96.2 L of ozone at STP with an excess of sulfur dioxide produces sulfur
trioxide.
c) Calculate the mass of liquid water that can be boiled and heated from 89.65 ºC to
178.09 ºC using the energy released when 88.30 g of calcium oxide is produced when
calcium reacts with excess iron (III) oxide. Iron metal is also produced by the
reaction.
10) Calculating with different thermochemical equations
a) Given the following thermochemical equations:
i) H2CO3 → H2CO + O2 ∆H =112kJ
ii) H2CO + O2 → H2O + CO2 ∆H =-50kJ

Calculate the heat of reaction for the following:

H2CO3→ H2O + CO2 ∆H =?
b) Given the following thermochemical equations:
i) 4PCl3(g) → P4(s) + 6Cl2(g) ∆H =650KJ
ii) 4PCl5(g) → P4(s) + 10Cl2(g) ∆H =917KJ

Calculate the heat of reaction for the following:

PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) → PCl5(g) ∆H =?

11) Using thermochemical equations, temperature, and phase changes

a) Given the following thermochemical equations:
i) 4PCl5(g) → P4(s) + 10Cl2(g) ∆H =1222KJ
ii) PCl5(g) → PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) ∆H =89KJ

Calculate the mass of sulfur that will be boiled by the heat given off by the production
of 754 g of phosphorus trichloride according to the reaction below.

P4(s) + 6Cl2(g) → 4PCl3(g)

12) Mixed bag

a) Calculate the energy needed to raise the temperature of 980 grams of mercury liquid
by 387.65 ºC.
b) Calculate the temperature change of water if 9.65 grams of calcium chloride is
dissolved in the water.
c) Calculate the final temperature of 80765 grams of water with a starting temperature of
2.98 ºC if the water is heated first by the freezing of 114.76grams of ruthenium at its
freezing point and then the water is further heated by the cooling of the same
ruthenium by 47.8 ºC.
d) Calculate the mass of gold that can be warmed up to its melting point from a starting
temperature of 727.00 and melted using 5624 kJ of heat.
e) Calculate the heat in Joules needed to change a 76.23 g sample of –27.89 ºC ice to
steam at 149.33 ºC.
f) Calculate the mass of hafnium (at it boiling point) that can be boiled by the heat
generated when 245 g of ozone is reacted with an excess of sulfur to produced sulfur
dioxide.
g) Calculate the change in temperature of 269.0 g of tin using 9.76 kJ.