‘Given the list of contributors, it goes without saying that the overall standard is

high, and that each paper has something to offer the student of the particular
dialogue discussed.’
Christopher C. W. Taylor (Corpus Christi College, Oxford), Phronesis

‘[…] un outil de travail indispensable pour les spécialistes de Platon et plus

généralement pour toute personne intéressée par le rapport complexe que la
philosophie entretient, dès ses débuts, avec le mythe.’
Leopoldo Iribarren (Leiden University), Philosophie Antique

‘[All essays] are interesting, well-written and useful, and some […] are outstanding.
Kudos is due to Catalin Partenie for successfully insisting on a place for Plato’s
myths on the philosophers’ agenda. The book is also beautifully produced.’
Borje Byden (Stockholm University), Rhizomata

‘[…] a stimulating and varied volume which will serve to encourage further
interpretive wrestling with the myths and to promote the need to treat the myths as
integral elements of their dialogues.’
Jenny Bryan (University College London), Scholia Reviews

‘[…] una miscellanea eccellente e ben curata.’

Emanuele Maffi (Università degli Studi di Milano), Méthexis

‘This is a very helpful volume, with insightful chapters contributed by distinguished

scholars on Plato’s major myths.’
Kenneth Dorter (University of Guelph, Canada), Polis

‘[…] an excellent collection. […] Anyone with a philosophical interest in Plato's

myths will find Partenie's collection rewarding, and it is necessary reading for those
interested in publishing on the topic. All of the articles are of high-quality, and
many of them are truly excellent. The book itself is attractive and well-edited.’
Emily Austin (Wake Forest University, USA), Bryn Mawr Classical Review

‘L’excellent volume édité par Catalin Partenie […] ouvre de nouvelles voies de
réflexion autour d’un problème crucial non seulement pour la philosophie de
Platon, ou même pour la philosophie tout court.’
Zoe Petre (University of Bucharest), Scholia. Studies in Classical Antiquity

‘Dicho esto, sin embargo, como esperamos haber mostrado, todos los textos que
componen este volumen resultan de sumo interés y aportan nuevas luces sobre un
fenómeno de innegable importancia.’
Rodrigo Ferradas Samanez (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú),
Arete. Revista de Filosofía

‘No important myth from the Platonic corpus is left unstudied in this valuable
collection. Partenie deserves praise for collecting a stellar list of contributors, and
for promoting the scholarly study of Plato’s myths.’
Robin Waterfield (Lakonia, Greece), The Heythrop Journal
//FS2/CUP/3-PAGINATION/PNI/2-PROOFS/3B2/9780521887908FRP.3D ii [2–2] 6.11.2008 2:55PM

Frontispiece. Reverse of medal of Passeri, from I. P. Tomasinus,

Illustrium virorum elogia, Padua, 1630 (photo: Warburg Institute)
//FS2/CUP/3-PAGINATION/PNI/2-PROOFS/3B2/9780521887908TTL.3D iii [3–3] 6.11.2008 2:58PM

PLATO’S MYTHS

edited by
CATALIN PARTENIE
//FS2/CUP/3-PAGINATION/PNI/2-PROOFS/3B2/9780521887908IMP.3D iv [4–4] 6.11.2008 3:00PM

cambridge university press

Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi
Cambridge University Press
The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 8ru, UK

Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York

www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521887908

© Cambridge University Press 2009

This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception

and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without
the written permission of Cambridge University Press.

First published 2009

Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge

A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data

isbn 978-0-521-88790-8 hardback

Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for

the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or
third-party internet websites referred to in this book,
and does not guarantee that any content on such
websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
//FS2/CUP/3-PAGINATION/PNI/2-PROOFS/3B2/9780521887908TOC.3D v [5–6] 6.11.2008 3:00PM

Contents

List of illustrations page vii

List of contributors ix
Preface xiii
Acknowledgements xv
List of abbreviations xvi

Introduction
Catalin Partenie 1
1. Plato’s eschatological myths
Michael Inwood 28
2. Myth, punishment and politics in the Gorgias
David Sedley 51
3. Tale, theology and teleology in the Phaedo
Gábor Betegh 77
4. Fraternité, inégalité, la parole de Dieu: Plato’s authoritarian
myth of political legitimation
Malcolm Schofield 101
5. Glaucon’s reward, philosophy’s debt: the myth of Er
G. R. F. Ferrari 116
6. The charioteer and his horses: an example of Platonic
myth-making
Christopher Rowe 134
7. The myth of the Statesman
Charles H. Kahn 148
8. Eikōs muthos
M. F. Burnyeat 167
v
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vi Contents
9. Myth and eschatology in the Laws
Richard Stalley 187
10. Platonic myth in Renaissance iconography
Elizabeth McGrath 206

Suggested further reading 239

Bibliography 240
Index 251
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Illustrations

Frontispiece. Reverse of medal of Passeri, from I. P. Tomasinus,

Illustrium virorum elogia, Padua, 1630
(photo: Warburg Institute) page ii
1. Francesco Furini, Celebration of Plato and the Platonic
Academy in Florence. Fresco, 1639–42. Florence, Palazzo Pitti,
Sala degli Argenti (photo: Alinari). 207
2. Pietro Testa, The Symposium. Engraving, dated 1648
(photo: Warburg Institute). 209
3. Frontispiece to Book I of Aristotle’s Ethics. Neapolitan
manuscript of c.1500. Vienna, Österreichische
Nationalbibliothek, Cod. Phil. Gr. IV, fol. 1 (photo:
Österreichische Nationalbibliothek picture archive). 210
4. Nicolas Béatrizet after Baccio Bandinelli, Psychomachia.
Engraving, 1545 (photo: Warburg Institute). 213
5. Adamo Scultori, frontispiece to Rime degli Academici Eterei,
Padua [1567] (photo: Warburg Institute). 215
6. Adamo Scultori after Giulio Romano, The chariot of the soul.
Engraving, mid-sixteenth century (photo: Warburg Institute). 216
7. ‘Platonic Chariot’ from Berlinghiero Gessi, La spada di honore.
Libro primo, Bologna, 1671 (photo: Warburg Institute). 217
8. Florentine, Bust of a youth with a medallion. Bronze, late
fifteenth century, Florence, Bargello (photo: Alinari). 219
9. Giulio della Torre, ‘Auriga Platonis’. Reverse of medal
of Francesco della Torre, late 1530s. Turin, Museo Civico
d’Arte Antica (from Hill 1930). 220
10. Giovanni Cavino, Platonic androgyne. Reverse of medal of
Marcantonio Passeri, 1560s. London, British Museum (photo:
Warburg Institute). 221
11. Reverse of medal of Passeri, from I. P. Tomasinus, Illustrium
virorum elogia, Padua, 1630 (photo: Warburg Institute). 223
vii
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viii Illustrations
12. Jan Saenredam after Cornelis van Haarlem, Antrum
Platonicum. Engraving, 1604 (photo: Warburg Institute). 230
13. After Niccolò dell’Abbate, Plato’s Cave (?). Drawing,
mid-sixteenth century. London, British Museum (photo:
British Museum). © The Trustees of the British Museum. 232
14. French or Flemish, Plato’s Cave. Oil on canvas, late sixteenth
century. Douai, Musée de la Chartreuse, inv. 2787 (photo:
Musée de la Chartreuse). 234
15. Agostino Carracci, The Harmony of the Cosmos. First
Intermezzo, 1589. Engraving (photo: Warburg Institute). 235
16. Bernardo Buontalenti, Anankê and the Fates. Drawing, 1589.
Florence, Biblioteca Nazionale (photo: Warburg Institute). 236
17. Plate III from Johannes Kepler, Mysterium cosmographicum,
Tübingen (Georgius Gruppenbachius) 1597 (photo: Warburg
Institute). 237
//FS2/CUP/3-PAGINATION/PNI/2-PROOFS/3B2/9780521887908LOC.3D ix [9–12] 11.11.2008 6:18AM

Contributors

gábor betegh is Associate Professor of philosophy at the Central

European University, Budapest. He is the author of The Derveni Papyrus:
Cosmology, Theology and Interpretation (Cambridge University Press, 2004)
and papers on different aspects of ancient metaphysics, cosmology and
ethics. He is also a contributor to Der Neue Pauly Reallexikon der Antike.
m. f. burnyeat is Honorary Fellow of Robinson College, Cambridge,
and Emeritus Fellow in philosophy at All Souls College, Oxford. He is
the author of A Map of Metaphysics Zeta (2001) and The Theaetetus of
Plato (1990), and editor of The Skeptical Tradition (1983). He has edited
Bernard Williams, The Sense of the Past: Essays in the History of Philosophy
(2006), and co-edited The Original Sceptics: A Controversy (with Michael
Frede, 1997), Philosophy As It Is (with Ted Honderich, 1989), and Doubt
and Dogmatism: Studies in Hellenistic Epistemology (with Malcolm Schofield
and Jonathan Barnes, 1989).
g. r. f. ferrari is Professor of classics at the University of California,
Berkeley. He is the author of Listening to the Cicadas: A Study of Plato’s
Phaedrus (Cambridge University Press, 1987) and City and Soul in Plato’s
Republic (2003; reprint 2005). He is also the editor of Plato: The
Republic (trans. Tom Griffith, Cambridge University Press, 2000) and
The Cambridge Companion to Plato’s Republic (Cambridge University
Press, 2007).
michael inwood is Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford. He is the author
of A Heidegger Dictionary (1999), Heidegger (1997), A Hegel Dictionary
(1992), and Hegel (1983). He is also the editor of Hegel: Introductory
Lectures on Aesthetics (1993) and Hegel: Selections (1989).
charles h. kahn is Professor of philosophy at the University of
Pennsylvania. He is the author of Anaximander and the Origins of Greek
Cosmology (1960; reprint, 1994), The Verb ‘Be’ in Ancient Greek (1973;
ix
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x Contributors
reprint with new Introduction, 2003), The Art and Thought of Heraclitus
(an edition of the fragments with translation and commentary, Cambridge
University Press, 1979), Plato and the Socratic Dialogue (Cambridge University
Press, 1996), and Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans: A Brief History (2001).
elizabeth mcgrath is Curator of the Photographic Collection of the
Warburg Institute, London, and Professor in the history of art at the
University of London. She has published on Renaissance iconography,
on humanism, and on Rubens and his work. She is an editor of The
Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes and author of Rubens:
Subjects from History (Corpus Rubenianum Ludwig Burchard, 13; 1997),
which won the 1998 Mitchell Prize for the History of Art.
catalin partenie is Fellow in philosophy at the University of Quebec
at Montreal and Assosciate Professor of philosophy at the National School
of Political Studies and Administration in Bucharest. He is the editor of
Plato: Selected Myths (2004). He is also co-editor (with Tom Rockmore) of
Heidegger and Plato (2005).
christopher rowe is Professor of Greek at the University of Durham.
He has written commentaries on four dialogues of Plato: Phaedrus (1988
[second, corrected, edition]), Phaedo (Cambridge University Press, 1993),
Statesman (1995; reprinted with corrections, 2005), and Symposium
(1998). He edited Reading the Statesman: Proceedings of the III Symposium
Platonicum (1995) and (with Malcolm Schofield) The Cambridge History of
Greek and Roman Political Thought (Cambridge University Press, 2000).
He is joint editor, with Julia Annas, of Approaches to Plato, Modern and
Ancient (2002), wrote a new translation of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics
to accompany a new commentary by Sarah Broadie (2002), and is joint
author, with Terry Penner, of Plato’s Lysis (in the series Cambridge Studies
in the Dialogues of Plato, Cambridge University Press, 2005). He is also
the author of Plato and the Art of Philosophical Writing (Cambridge
University Press, 2007).
malcolm schofield is Fellow of St John’s College, Cambridge, and
Professor of ancient philosophy at the University of Cambridge. He is
co-author (with G. S. Kirk and J. E. Raven) of the standard work The
Presocratic Philosophers (Cambridge University Press, 2nd edition, 1983).
His main writings on ancient political philosophy are The Stoic Idea of
the City (Cambridge University Press, 1991), Saving the City (1999), and
Plato: Political Philosophy (2006). With A. Laks he has edited Justice
and Generosity: Studies in Hellenistic Social and Political Philosophy
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Contributors xi
(Cambridge University Press, 1995), and with Christopher Rowe The
Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Political Thought (Cambridge
University Press, 2000).
david sedley is a Fellow of Christ’s College, Cambridge, and Laurence
Professor of ancient philosophy at the University of Cambridge. He is
the author of Plato’s Cratylus (Cambridge University Press, 2003), The
Midwife of Platonism: Text and Subtext in Plato’s Theaetetus (2004), and
Lucretius and the Transformation of Greek Wisdom (Cambridge University
Press, 1998). He has published, with A. A. Long, The Hellenistic Philosophers
(Cambridge University Press, 1987), and is the editor of The Cambridge
Companion to Greek and Roman Philosophy (Cambridge University Press,
2003). He has also worked extensively on the editing of philosophical
papyri. One recent publication (jointly with G. Bastianini) is an edition
of the anonymous commentary on Plato’s Theaetetus, in Corpus dei papiri
filosofici greci e latini, vol. III (Florence, 1995). He is currently editor of
Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy.
richard stalley is Professor of ancient philosophy at the University
of Glasgow. He is the author of An Introduction to Plato’s Laws (1983)
and of many articles on ancient philosophy and on the philosophers
of eighteenth-century Scotland. He has also published an edition of
Aristotle’s Politics (1998).
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//FS2/CUP/3-PAGINATION/PNI/2-PROOFS/3B2/9780521887908PRF.3D xiii [13–14] 6.11.2008 3:30PM

Preface

‘“And what is the use of a book”, thought Alice, “without pictures or

conversations?”’ This question rounds off the first paragraph of Alice’s
Adventures in Wonderland, and it is, at least for Alice, a rhetorical question.
Judging from his writings, Plato seems to believe, just like Alice, that a good
book, even a philosophy book, should have both pictures and conversations;
although in his case the pictures are conjured up in words and the reader has
to imagine them himself. Conversation is ubiquitous in Plato’s writings,
which take the form of philosophical dialogues between both real and fic-
tional characters. Once in a while the conversation is interrupted, and then
the pictures appear. One of the characters puts the conversation on hold and
tells his audience a myth. The myths are visual – ‘iconic’ one might say. They
not only narrate a story, but paint before our mind’s eye vivid images of the
creatures and landscapes that feature in them. Details regarding shape, colour,
and even dimension are abundantly provided: the original two-headed, eight-
limbed human beings in the Symposium, the spindle-like universe in the
Republic, or the city of Atlantis in the Critias – these are all as meticulously
described as if Plato were giving instructions to an illustrator. Plato’s myths
are not abstract tales; and those listening to, or reading, them cannot but
attempt to picture what they are being told.
Plato is both a myth teller and a myth maker, and there are many myths
in his writings. Some are traditional myths, which he sometimes modifies
slightly; others are heavily modified versions of traditional myths; while
others still are his own invention, although they are never completely free of
elements drawn from various traditions. Whether the myths he tells are his
inventions or not, they are, most of the time, inextricably linked with his
philosophical thinking. And this makes any reader of Plato’s dialogues
wonder at them; for he explicitly opposes philosophical discourse to myth
while in practice he mixes the two. This volume is a collection of eleven
studies (all but one of them – Chapter 8 – appearing here for the first time)
dealing, from a philosophical perspective, with the puzzling issue of Plato’s
xiii
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xiv Preface
myths. The myths discussed include the eschatological myths of the Gorgias,
the Phaedo, the Republic and Laws X, the central myths of the Phaedrus
and the Statesman, and the so-called myth of the Noble Lie from the Republic.
The mythical character of the Timaeus cosmology is also amply discussed.
This volume, too, contains both pictures and conversations. Only this time it
is, in a sense, a reversal of what happens in Plato’s texts: the pictures (some
rare Renaissance illustrations of Platonic myths) are not conjured up in
words, but presented to the reader’s eyes; while the conversations of the
contributors – which took place during a conference held in Budapest in
2005, and which improved the arguments put forth in this volume – are to be
imagined behind its continuous prose.
I thank all the contributors for their patience and encouragement. I am
especially grateful to Dr Michael Sharp, editor at Cambridge University Press,
for his support and suggestions. I also wish to thank the two anonymous
readers of the Cambridge University Press for their helpful comments.
I am grateful to the Central European University in Budapest, to Pasts,
Inc., its Centre for Historical Studies, and to Professor Sorin Antohi, the
then director of the Centre, for their support in organizing a conference on
Plato’s myths in April 2005. I am also grateful to the publishers of Rhizai for
permission to reprint M. F. Burnyeat’s article.
Last but not least, I wish to express my gratitude to my wife, son and
parents for their continuing tolerance.
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Acknowledgements

By kind permission of Oxford University Press, Malcolm Schofield’s chapter,

‘Fraternité, inégalité, la parole de Dieu: Plato’s authoritarian myth of political
legitimation’, includes material first published in Chapter 7 of his Plato:
Political Philosophy (Oxford University Press, 2006).
Chapter 8, M. F. Burnyeat’s, ‘Eikōs muthos’, first appeared in Rhizai,
A Journal for Ancient Philosophy and Science, II.2 (2005), 143–65.

xv
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Abbreviations

PLATO’S WORKS
Alc. I Alcibiades I
Ap. Apology
Chrm. Charmides
Cra. Cratylus
Cri. Crito
Criti. Critias
Euthd. Euthydemus
Euthphr. Euthyphro
Grg. Gorgias
Hp. Ma., Mi. Hippias Major, Minor
La. Laches
Ly. Lysis
Men. Meno
Mx. Menexenus
Phd. Phaedo
Phdr. Phaedrus
Phlb. Philebus
Prt. Protagoras
R. Republic
Smp. Symposium
Sph. Sophist
Stm. Statesman
Tht. Theaetetus
Ti. Timaeus

xvi
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Dimension of Portraiture’, Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte, 68.1: 23–40
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Index

Aeschylus Cadmus, 101, 102

Seven against Thebes 474, 101 n. 1 Callipolis, 121
Aesop, 77, 80, 83–4, 97 cave (R.), 3 n. 3, 148, 228
aitia, 156 choice
akoē, 2 free, 44–6
alētheia, 175, 177 of lives, 40, 41–4, 131, 132
Allen, D., 62 n. 17 Cholbi, M. J., 60 n. 12
Anaxagoras Cicero, 168
in the Phaedo, 94–6 De Finibus, 169
Annas, J., 3, 19, 32, 124 n. 7, 126 n. 9, 129 n. 12 De Inventione I.44–49, 169
Apollodorus Cooper, J., 17 n. 17
Library 3.4.1, 101 n. 1 Cornford, F. M., 3 n. 4, 14, 171, 172, 174
Apollonius Rhodios Craig, L. H., 118 n. 4
Argonautica 3.1354–1407, 102 n. 4 Cronus
Aristotle the reign of, 56–8, 65, 69, 84, 149, 150, 152, 162,
De Motu Animalium 202 n. 36
701a16–17, 182
De Partibus Animalium dēmiourgos, 11
639a1–16, 177 dialectic, 57–8, 69 n. 30, 145
644b31–645a4, 183 dialectical refutation, 60, 63, 64
Metaphysics dialectician’s activity, 139
982b18, 20 n. 19 dianoia, 175
1000a18–9, 20 Diotima, 5, 81, 89, 145 n. 20, 145
Nicomachean Ethics
1094b11–1095a13, 177 egalitarianism, 48–50
1177b34–1178a7, 183 eidos, see forms
Politics eikasia, 175
III 13, 159 n. 5 eikōn, 172
Rhetoric eikōs muthos, 14–17, 167–86
1369b12–14, 62 n. 16 elenchus, 68
Empedocles, 81, 149–52
Bandinellei, B., 212 fr. 17, 7–8, 150
Betegh, G., 175 n. 21 England, E. B., 192 n. 20
Bloom, A., 132 n. 16 Epictetus
Bobonich, C., 165 I.6.17, 173
Brisson, L., 1, 2, 4, 14, 150 n. 1 epistēmē, 175
Buontalenti, B., 235 erōs, 136–46
Burkert, W., 77 n. 1 Eterei, of Padua, 214
Burnyeat, M. F., 12 n. 12, 15, 16 n. 14, 17 Euclid
Bury, R. G., 172, 192 Elements, XIII, 208

251
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252 Index
Euripides muthos, 1–2, 3–4, 77 n. 1, 78, 85 n. 9, 95, 104, 187
Phoenician Women 931–46, 101 n. 1 muthologēma, 2, 5
exēgētai, 172 muthologos, 83
myth
Ferrari, G. R. F., 2 n. 2, 125 n. 8 and creation in the Timaeus, see Timaeus
Ficino, M., 208, 211, 213, 217, 227, 231 and the irrational, 135
forms, 68 n. 28, 96, 154, 209 and the layering of perspectives, 144
Frutiger, P., 5 and logos, 2, 4–5, 66 n. 23, 67, 100
Furini, F., 206, 208, 212 and narrative, 136 n. 8, 168
and philosophy, 19–21
Glaucus, 116, 125, 126 and Plato’s philosophical doctrines, 3–4
Grube, G. M. A., 150 n. 1, 163 as extended similes, 135
as a means of persuasion, 6–8, 201
Halliwell, S., 128 nn. 10, 11 as a ‘noble lie’, 6, 101–15
Havelock, E. A., 90 n. 16 as preamble to laws in Plato’s Laws, 6
Hegel, G. W. F., 20 as a teaching tool, 8–11
Heraclides, of Pontus, 21 n. 20 of Deucalion, 168
Hesiod of the metals, 105–9
Theogony, 168 of Phaethon, 1, 168
Works and Days, 109 Plato’s and the sophists’ use of, 128
106–201, 105 Plato’s use of traditional Greek myth, 1,
122–3, 106 2–3, 149
129, 107 the Phoenician, 101–5
130–7, 107 the Sidonian, 201
145–6, 108 traditional, 4
176–7, 108
Homer, 1, 104, 109 Nehamas, A., 32
Hyginus Nettleship, R. L., 117 n. 3, 129 n. 12
Fabulae 178–9, 101 n. 1 Nietzsche, F., 32
Nightingale, A., 188, 190, 192, 200, 201
Irwin, T., 29, 62 n. 16
Ostwald, M., 163
Johansen, T., 177 n. 24 Ovid
justice, 46–8, 122, 123, 132 Metamorphoses 3.95–114, 102 n. 4
and metempsychosis, 38–41
paradeigma, 8, 135, 149, 152, 154, 155
Kahn, C., 63 n. 19 Parmenides
Kepler, J., 236 fr. 8, 4, 183
Keyt, D., 183 fr. 8, 60–1, 176
Klosko, G., 163 Partenie, C., 16 n. 16
koinē skepsis, 18 Passeri, M., 220
peri phuseōs, 4, 168
Lévy, C., 168 n. 3 phēmē, 2
logos, 53 n. 4, 53, 83, 142, 143, 144, 172, 173, Pherecydes
177, 183 fr. 22, 101 n. 1
pistis, 175, 177
Mackenzie, M. M., 69 n. 30 Plato
madness, 136 Plato’s myths
Magnesia, 113 eschatological myths, 28–50, 129, 188–205
McGrath, E., 206 in Renaissance iconography, 206–38
Moors, K. F., 5 myth of the Amazon (Laws), 1
Morgan, K., 15, 20, 123 n. 6 myth of the androgyne (Smp.), 3, 17, 80–2,
Morrow, G. R., 164 n. 9 86–7, 221
Moss, J., 63 n. 19 myth of Atlantis (Ti.), 1, 3, 12, 168 n. 5, 168
Most, G. W., 108 n. 7 myth of Boreas (Phdr.), 5
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Index 253
myth of the two cosmic eras (Stm.), 3, 608c, 117
135 n. 5, 148–64 612a, 126
myth of Cronus (Laws), 2 612d–e, 123
myth of Er (R.), 1, 3, 7–8, 133, 233 613c, 123
myth of Gyges (R.), 1 613e, 123
myth of origin (Prt.), 3 614a, 123
myth of Theuth (Phdr.), 2, 3 614b, 123
myth of the winged soul (Phdr.), 3, 9, 617e–619a, 131
134–47, 148, 213, 226 618b, 131
the Gorgias myth, 3, 28–31, 51–71, 84, 86, 129 Laches
the Laws X myth, 3, 187–205 187e–188b, 58
the Phaedo myth, 3, 6–7, 35, 98–9 Laws
Charmides 663d, 201
155d, 139 713b–714a, 162
Critias 715d, 161
107a, 19 715e–718c, 113
Crito 739a–e, 164
50b, 163 739c, 165
Euthyphro 739d, 166
14e–15a, 91 807b, 164–5
Gorgias 875a–d, 161
458a, 61 875c, 166
458a–b, 61 875d, 165
464b–c, 59 887c–889a, 203
464c–d, 59 888d–890b, 199
471e–472c, 57 895b–897c, 199
473e, 58 898e–899a, 199
474a–b, 57 900c–903b, 199
480b–d, 55 902e, 16 n. 16, 198
492a–493d, 53 903b, 190, 198, 202
493a, 63 903b–d, 200
501d–502d, 70 903d, 192, 198
503a–b, 54 903d–e, 190
503e, 17 n. 16 903e–904a, 193
503e–504a, 11 904a, 192, 198
503e–504e, 199 904b, 200
504c–e, 54 904c, 189
505a–b, 62, 64 904c–d, 189
505c, 60, 65 904d, 192
506c–508b, 63 904e, 192
507e–508a, 198 Lysis
508b, 55 226a, 145
515b–517a, 56 Menexenus
521d–e, 58 238a, 16 n. 16
523a, 52 238e–239a, 112
523a–524a, 52, 55 Meno
524a–b, 84, 91 85d–86a, 40, 41–4
524a–527a, 52 Phaedo
525b, 196 60b–c, 78
525b–d, 59 81a–b, 204
525c, 196 87c–99d, 199
527a–c, 52, 53 96c, 93
527c–e, 52 98a, 96
534a–527a, 59 99c, 15, 180
608b, 117 107d, 191
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254 Index
Plato (cont.) 615e–616a, 191
108a, 7 616b–617d, 199
114d, 7 617d, 194
114e, 204 617e, 42
Phaedrus 618b, 132
228b, 143 618b–e, 43–4, 46
230, 145 619c, 43
238b–c, 140 619c–d, 205
243e–275a, 213 621b, 8
245c, 36 Sophist
246a, 135, 217 225a, 170
246c, 13 232c, 17
251a, 147 236c, 17
252a–b, 140 265c, 11
255a, 145 n. 19 Statesman
262a–b, 135 261b, 153
262c–d, 137 261b–d, 154
265a–c, 136 261d, 153
265b, 10 266e, 154
265b–c, 138 267b–d, 148
265c–e, 138 267e–268b, 148
277b–c, 5, 142 271e, 154
277e, 141 274e, 149
Philebus 275a, 149, 152, 153
26d, 13 275b, 149, 152
26e–27a, 13 275c, 155
27b–c, 13 276d, 155
Protagoras 276d–e, 155
320c–324d, 82 277d, 8
324b–d, 195 278a–d, 8
325a–b, 195 279a–b, 10
Republic 291a, 156
361c–d, 120 293d, 160
377a, 7 300b–c, 158
377b, 17 300c, 160
378e–379a, 88 300e, 159
379c–380c, 199 300d–e, 158
380a, 88 301c–d, 159
414b–c, 103 301d–e, 159
414b–415d, 101 301e, 158
414d–e, 101 302d, 156
415b, 110 303b, 159
415c, 108 303c, 157
415d, 103 Symposium
416e–417a, 106 189d–193, 80
420c, 12 190c, 82
441a–b, 37 203b, 221
501e, 12 205d–e, 81
502e–503b, 114 205e–206a, 145 n. 20, 145
507a–509c, 199 215a, 225, 226
520e, 122 Timaeus
547a, 107 20a, 18, 19
597d, 16 n. 16 20b, 19
612e, 122 22b–d, 168
614b, 7 22c, 168
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Index 255
22c–e, 168 reincarnation, doctrine of, 32, 33, 35–41, 150,
26c–d, 12 151, 191
26e, 11, 12 Rivaud, A., 172
27a, 11 Robinson, R., 8, 10
27d–28a, 13 Rowe, C., 9, 12, 15, 19, 134 n. 1, 142,
28a, 13 150 n. 1, 150, 151 n. 2, 158 n. 4,
29a, 185 165 n. 10
29c, 170, 178, 179
29c–d, 172 Sabine, G. H., 164 n. 9, 164
29d, 17 Saenredam, J., 229
29d–30c, 182 Saunders, T. J., 188–97, 193 n. 21, 196 n. 27
29e, 13 Schofield, M., 113 n. 12, 115 n. 15
30b, 183, 185 Scott, D., 66 n. 23
30c–31b, 183 Scultori, A., 216
36b–d, 209 Sedley, D., 7, 19, 51 n. 1, 97 n. 27, 98
40d–e, 174 Solmsen, F., 192
41d, 36 Stalley, R., 195 n. 23
41e, 48 sunaitia, 156
42b–d, 193 Szaif, J., 176 n. 22
42d, 48
44a, 37 Taylor, A. E., 14, 172, 181, 184
44c, 37, 194 teleology, 93, 98, 184
44d, 181 Testa, P., 208
47e–48e, 13 Thucydides, 4
51e–52d, 13 IV.76.2, 186
55c, 181 VIII.72.2, 186
55c–d, 184 Timaeus, Plato’s
59c–d, 181 and Laws X, 193–4
67d, 171 as eikōs muthos, see eikōs muthos
68b, 18 cosmology of and the myth of the two cosmic
71a–76d, 16 eras (Stm.), 151
73c, 13 myth and creation in, 11–19
75b–c, 180, 181, 183 narrative pattern, 99–100
90a, 15 Torre, G. della, 219
90e, 185
91d, 194 Vlastos, G., 15, 169, 184
92b, 193
92c, 37 Watson, G., 89 n. 15
politeia, 110, 156, 157, 158, 160, 162 White, N., 132 n. 17
Proclus Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, U. von, 165
In Tim. 343.18, 179 Williams, B., 4 n. 6
punishment, 60, 61, 63, 64, 69, 158, 190, 191,
195–8 Xenophon
Memorabilia I.4.1, 60 n. 12, 91
Rabelais, F., 211
Rechenauer, G., 66 n. 23 Zeus, 82, 83
recollection, doctrine of, 9 the reign of, 56–8, 69, 150
Reeve, C. D. C., 126 n. 9 Zeyl, D., 171, 172, 174
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catalin partenie is a Fellow in the Department of contents

Par ten i e
Philosophy at the Université du Québec, Montréal. He is
1 Introduction
the editor of Plato: Selected Myths (2004) and co-editor

Plato’s Myths
Catalin Partenie
(with Tom Rockmore) of Heidegger and Plato (2005).
2 Plato’s eschatological myths
Michael Inwood

3 Myth, punishment and politics in the Gorgias

David Sedley
Jacket illustration: La Grotte de Platon (detail), sixteenth
century, by an anonymous Flemish artist. Courtesy of the E d i ted b y 4 Tale, theology and teleology in the Phaedo
Gábor Betegh

Plato’s Myths
Musée de la Chartreuse – Douai, inv. 2787. Photograph by
Daniel Lefebvre.
Catalin Partenie 5 Fraternité, inégalité, la parole de Dieu:
Plato’s authoritarian myth of political legitimation
Malcolm Schofield

6 Glaucon’s reward, philosophy’s debt: the myth of Er

G. R. F. Ferrari

7 The charioteer and his horses:

one Platonic myth in its context
Christopher Rowe

in archaic societies myths were believed to tell true stories – stories about the 8 The myth of the Statesman
ultimate origin of reality. For us, on the contrary, the term ‘myth’ denotes a false belief. Charles Kahn

Between the archaic notion of myth and ours stands Plato’s. This volume is a collection 9 Eikōs muthos
of eleven studies by eminent scholars that focus on the ways in which some of Plato’s M. F. Burnyeat
most famous myths are interwoven with his philosophy. The myths discussed include 10 Myth and eschatology in the Laws
the eschatological myths of the Gorgias, the Phaedo, the Republic and Laws 10, the central Richard Stalley
myths of the Phaedrus and the Statesman, and the so-called ‘Myth of the Noble Lie’ from
11 Platonic myth in Renaissance iconography
the Republic. The mythical character of the Timaeus cosmology is also amply discussed. Elizabeth McGrath
The volume also contains seventeen rare Renaissance illustrations of Platonic myths. The
contributors argue that, in Plato, myth and philosophy are tightly bound together, despite
Plato’s occasional claim that they are opposed modes of discourse.

Jacket designed by Hart McLeod

printed in the united kingdom