EEE224

USEFUL INFORMATION
Trigonometric identities
1 1
cos( x) cos( y)  cos( x  y)  cos( x  y) sin( x) sin( y)  cos( x  y)  cos( x  y)
2 2
1
sin( x) cos( y)  sin( x  y)  sin( x  y) cos( x  y)  cos( x) cos( y)  sin( x) sin( y)
2
sin( x  y)  sin( x) cos( y)  cos( x) sin( y)

Operational amplifiers


vo  Av v   v   Av 
A0

1 j
0
Transmission lines
L 1 Z L  Z0 Z S  Z0 v
Z0  v L  S  
C LC Z L  Z0 Z S  Z0 f

First order circuits

vo 1 vo s vo 1  s 2
k k k
vi 1  s vi 1  s vi 1  s1

 
V t   Vstart  V finish et /  V finish

 = 2f s = j (steady state)

Second-order circuits
s s2
vo 1 vo 0q vo 02
k k k
vi s s2 vi s s2 vi s s2
1  1  1 
0q 02 0q 02 0q 02
1
 
2q

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 EEE224

USEFUL INFORMATION

Laplace Transform Pairs

Laplace Transform Properties
Signal Transform
(t) 1 xt eso t  X s  so 

1 dxt 
u(t)  sX s   x0
s dt
1 1
  x d  X s 
t
tu(t)
s2 s
1
eatu(t) xt  to ut  to   X s e sto , to > 0
sa

Unit multipliers:
p = 10−12, n = 10−9,  = 10−6, m = 10−3, k = 103, M = 106, G = 109
All the symbols have their usual meanings.

KLF/MB

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