SECTION 5. Each local government unit shall
No person shall be imprisoned for
have the power to create its own sources of
revenues and to levy taxes, fees, and charges
subject to such guidelines and limitations as
the Congress may provide, consistent with the
basic policy of local autonomy. Such taxes,
fees, and charges shall accrue exclusively to
the local governments.
ARTICLE VI, SECTION 28. (2) The Congress may,
by law, authorize the President to fix within
specified limits, and subject to such limitations
and restrictions as it may impose, tariff rates,
import and export quotas, tonnage and
wharfage dues, and other duties or imposts
within the framework of the national
development program of the Government.
Sec. 1608. Flexible Clause
Flexible Clause. – (a) In the interest of general welfare
and national security, and subject to the limitations
prescribed under this Act, the President, upon the
recommendation of the NEDA, is hereby empowered
to:
(1) Increase, reduce, or remove existing rates of
import duty including any necessary change in
classification…
(2) Establish import quotas or ban imports of any
commodity, as may be necessary; and
(3) Impose an additional duty on all imports not
exceeding ten percent (10%) ad valorem whenever
necessary:
ARTICLE II, SECTION 2. The
Philippines…adopts the generally
accepted principles of international law
as part of the law of the land…
SEC. 32. Gross Income. - (B) Exclusions from
Gross Income. - The following items shall not
be included in gross income and shall be
exempt from taxation under this Title:
(7) Miscellaneous Items. -
(a) Income Derived by Foreign
Government. - Income derived from
investments in the Philippines in loans,
stocks, bonds or other domestic
securities, or from interest on deposits in
banks in the Philippines by (i) foreign
governments, (ii) financing institutions
owned, controlled, or enjoying
refinancing from foreign governments,
and (iii) international or regional
financial institutions established by
foreign governments.
(b) Income Derived by the Government
or its Political Subdivisions. - Income
derived from any public utility or from
the exercise of any essential
governmental function accruing to the
Government of the Philippines or to any
political subdivision thereof.
SECTION 27(C) Government-owned or -
Controlled Corporations, Agencies or
Instrumentalities. - The provisions of existing
special or general laws to the contrary
notwithstanding, all corporations, agencies, or
instrumentalities owned or controlled by the
Government, except the Government Service
Insurance System (GSIS), the Social Security
System (SSS), the Philippine Health Insurance
Corporation (PHIC), the local water districts
(LWDs), and the Philippine Charity
Sweepstakes Office (PCSO) and the Philippine
Amusement and Gaming Corporation
(PAGCOR), shall pay such rate of tax upon
their taxable income as are imposed by this
Section upon corporations or associations
engaged in s similar business, industry, or
activity.
SECTION 20.
debt or non-payment of a poll tax.
Section 156. Community Tax. - Cities or
municipalities may levy a community tax in
accordance with the provisions of this Article.
Section 157. Individuals Liable to Community
Tax. - Every inhabitant of the Philippines
eighteen (18) years of age or over who has
been regularly employed on a wage or salary
basis for at least thirty (30) consecutive
working days during any calendar year, or
who is engaged in business or occupation, or
who owns real property with an aggregate
assessed value of One thousand pesos
(P1,000.00) or more, or who is required by law
to file an income tax return shall pay an
annual additional tax of Five pesos (P5.00)
and an annual additional tax of One peso
(P1.00) for every One thousand pesos
(P1,000.00) of income regardless of whether
from business, exercise of profession or from
property which in no case shall exceed Five
thousand pesos (P5,000.00).
In the case of husband and wife, the
additional tax herein imposed shall be based
upon the total property owned by them and
the total gross receipts or earnings derived by
them.
Section 158. Juridical Persons Liable to
Community Tax. - Every corporation no matter
how created or organized, whether domestic
or resident foreign, engaged in or doing
business in the Philippines shall pay an annual
community tax of Five hundred pesos
(P500.00) and an annual additional tax,
which, in no case, shall exceed Ten thousand
pesos (P10,000.00) in accordance with the
following schedule:
(1) For every Five thousand pesos (P5,000.00)
worth of real property in the Philippines owned
by it during the preceding year based on the
valuation used for the payment of real
property tax under existing laws, found in the
assessment rolls of the city or municipality
where the real property is situated - Two pesos
(P2.00); and
(2) For every Five thousand pesos (P5,000.00)
of gross receipts or earnings derived by it from
its business in the Philippines during the
preceding year - Two pesos (P2.00).
The dividends received by a corporation from
another corporation however shall, for the
purpose of the additional tax, be considered
as part of the gross receipts or earnings of said
corporation.
Section 159. Exemptions. - The following are
exempt from the community tax:
(1) Diplomatic and consular representatives;
and
(2) Transient visitors when their stay in the
Philippines does not exceed three (3) months.
Section 160. Place of Payment. - The
community tax shall be paid in the place of
residence of the individual, or in the place
where the principal office of the juridical
entity is located.
Section 161. Time for Payment; Penalties for
Delinquency. –
(a) The community tax shall accrue on the
first (1st) day of January of each year
which shall be paid not later than the
last day of February of each year. If a
person reaches the age of eighteen (18)
years or otherwise loses the benefit of
exemption on or before the last day of
June, he shall be liable for the
community tax on the day he reaches
such age or upon the day the
exemption ends.
, if a person reaches the age of eighteen (18) years or
efit of exemption on or
he last day of March, he shall have twenty (20) days to
community tax without becoming delinquent.
who come to reside in the Philippines or reach the age of
(18) years on or after the first (1st) day of July of any
who cease to belong to an exempt class or after the
ate, shall not be subject to the community tax for that
orations established and organized on or before the last
une shall be liable for the community tax for that year. But
ons established and organized on or before the last day
h shall have twenty (20) days within which to pay the
ity tax without becoming delinquent. Corporations
ed and organized on or after the first day of July shall not
ct to the community tax for that year.
is not paid within the time prescribed above, there shall
ed to the unpaid amount an interest of twenty-four
(24%) per annum from the due date until it is paid.
SECTION 28. (2) The Congress may, by law,
authorize the President to fix within specified
limits, and subject to such limitations and
restrictions as it may impose, tariff rates, import
and export quotas, tonnage and wharfage
dues, and other duties or imposts within the
framework of the national development
program of the Government.
(3) Charitable institutions, churches and
parsonages or convents appurtenant thereto,
mosques, non-profit cemeteries, and all lands,
buildings, and improvements, actually,
directly, and exclusively used for religious,
charitable, or educational purposes shall be
exempt from taxation.
(4) No law granting any tax exemption shall
be passed without the concurrence of a
majority of all the Members of the Congress.
ARTICLE XIV. SECTION 4(3) All revenues and
assets of non-stock, non-profit educational
institutions used actually, directly, and
exclusively for educational purposes shall be
exempt from taxes and duties. Upon the
dissolution or cessation of the corporate
existence of such institutions, their assets shall
be disposed of in the manner provided by
law.
Proprietary educational institutions, including
those cooperatively owned, may likewise be
entitled to such exemptions subject to the
limitations provided by law including
restrictions on dividends and provisions for
reinvestment.
(4) Subject to conditions prescribed by law, all
grants, endowments, donations, or
contributions used actually, directly, and
exclusively for educational purposes shall be
exempt from tax.
SECTION 28(4) No law granting any tax
exemption shall be passed without the
concurrence of a majority of all the
Members of the Congress.
SECTION 29. (1) No money shall be paid
out of the Treasury except in pursuance
of an appropriation made by law.
(2) No public money or property shall be
appropriated, applied, paid, or
employed, directly or indirectly, for the
use, benefit, or support of any sect,
church, denomination, sectarian
institution, or system of religion, or of any
priest, preacher, minister, or other
religious teacher, or dignitary as such,
except when such priest, preacher,
minister, or dignitary is assigned to the
armed forces, or to any penal institution,
or government orphanage or
leprosarium.
(3) All money collected on any tax
levied for a special purpose shall be
treated as a special fund and paid out
for such purpose only. If the purpose for
which a special fund was created has
been fulfilled or abandoned, the
balance, if any, shall be transferred to
the general funds of the Government.
 SECTION 25(2) No provision or enactment shall
be embraced in the general appropriations
bill unless it relates specifically to some
particular appropriation therein. Any such
provision or enactment shall be limited in its
operation to the appropriation to which it
relates.

SECTION 27(2) The President shall have the

power to veto any particular item or items in
an appropriation, revenue, or tariff bill, but the
veto shall not affect the item or items to which
he does not object.

ARTICLE VIII. SECTION 2. The Congress shall

have the power to define, prescribe, and
apportion the jurisdiction of various courts but
may not deprive the Supreme Court of its
jurisdiction over cases enumerated in Section
5 hereof.

No law shall be passed reorganizing the

Judiciary when it undermines the security of
tenure of its Members.

ARTICLE VIII (b) All cases involving the legality

of any tax, impost, assessment, or toll, or any
penalty imposed in relation thereto.

ARTICLE X SECTION 5. Each local government

unit shall have the power to create its own
sources of revenues and to levy taxes, fees,
and charges subject to such guidelines and
limitations as the Congress may provide,
consistent with the basic policy of local
autonomy. Such taxes, fees, and charges shall
accrue exclusively to the local governments.

SECTION 1. No person shall be deprived of life,

liberty, or property without due process of law,
nor shall any person be denied the equal
protection of the laws.

SECTION 5. No law shall be made respecting

an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the
free exercise thereof. The free exercise and
enjoyment of religious profession and worship,
without discrimination or preference, shall
forever be allowed. No religious test shall be
required for the exercise of civil or political
rights.

SECTION 29(2) No public money or property

shall be appropriated, applied, paid, or
employed, directly or indirectly, for the use,
benefit, or support of any sect, church,
denomination, sectarian institution, or system
of religion, or of any priest, preacher, minister,
or other religious teacher, or dignitary as such,
except when such priest, preacher, minister,
or dignitary is assigned to the armed forces, or
to any penal institution, or government
orphanage or leprosarium.

SECTION 10. No law impairing the obligation of

contracts shall be passed.

SECTION 11. No franchise, certificate, or any

other form of authorization for the operation
of a public utility shall be granted except to
citizens of the Philippines or to corporations or
associations organized under the laws of the
Philippines at least sixty per centum of whose
capital is owned by such citizens, nor shall
such franchise, certificate, or authorization be
exclusive in character or for a longer period
than fifty years. Neither shall any such
franchise or right be granted except under
the condition that it shall be subject to
amendment, alteration, or repeal by the
Congress when the common good so
requires. The State shall encourage equity
participation in public utilities by the general
public.

The participation of foreign investors in the governing body of any

public utility enterprise shall be limited to their proportionate share
in its capital, and all the executive and managing officers of such
corporation or association must be citizens of the Philippines.