Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
and Adaptable Public TECNALIA
Buildings through
Energy Efficient
Retrofitting Amaia Uriarte
Amaia.uriarte@tecnalia.com
Eneritz Barreiro
eneritz.barreiro@tecnalia.com
Train the Trainer Workshop
12‐13 September 2016, Bilbao
External
Ventilated Façade
A2PBA2PBEER– Affordable and Adaptable Public Buildings through Energy Efficient Retrofitting
External Ventilated Façade
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Content of the Presentation
Overview
The need for the Technology.
Main design features of the Technology.
Description of the main benefits – level of innovation,
energy savings etc.
How and where the Technology can be used for
retrofitting.
Evaluation
Benefits of retrofitting the technology – energy savings,
costs, ease of installation, uniqueness etc.
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Overview
• Conventional thermal insulation materials : rockwool, polyurethane
polystyrene based foams, mineral wools, fibres and even materials such as
cork, hemp, perlite.
• Their common thermal conductivities 0.045‐ 0.032 W/mK, being the lowest
value 0.023 W/mK for the polyurethane.
• In building façades insulation material are integrated as multi‐layer
solutions or composite materials.
• Applied thickness depends on the thermal transmittance requirements
/thermal resistance of all National building codes.
• The U requirement, the insulation thickness
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Vacuum insulation panels (VIPs) can defined as ‘‘an evacuated foil‐
encapsulated open porous material as a high performance thermal insulating
material’’ (Baetens,2010a). Their thermal performance is three to six times
better than still‐air, i.e. thermal insulation principle of traditional insulation
materials and is achieved by applying a vacuum to an encapsulated micro‐
porous material.
High performance thermal insulation materials that can achieve high thermal
energy resistance, with a low thickness has become a technical challenge
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The need for the Technology.
• The requirement to reduce buildings use and cost of energy in the last years , has lead to
increase the applied insulation thicknesses.
• Since the approval of EPBD EU2010/31 recast ,the thickness of the prescribed insulation has almost
doubled , contributing to increase floor occupancy and the complexity of the construction details.
Facade walls
Opaque component
28 United Kingdom
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0.70 0.55 Cfb 6
A2PBA2PBEER– Affordable and Adaptable Public Buildings through Energy Efficient Retrofitting
Main design features of the Technology.
• VIP panels protected with rubber
• PVC clip supporting VIP
• Aluminum anchorage
• Thermal pad
• Aluminium T profile
• PIR‐M insulation
• Cladding (ceramic)
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Description of the main benefits – level of
innovation, energy savings etc.
With 3cm of VIP integrated in Bucthtal’s ventilated, is
possible to achieve:
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Description of the main benefits – level of
innovation, energy savings etc.
FINAL SOLUTION ‐BUCHTAL KeraTwin K20 solution:
• VIP Panels: nominal dimension 1100x600mm; thickness (30 mm) + rubber (3+3 mm,
1
only on VIP large faces) + silicone like material 2mm thick to protect VIP edges
• PVC clip supporting VIP panels (lenght as the VIP panel), H profile (central thickness
2 5mm, lateral thickness 3mm)
3 • additional continuous vertical PIR‐M insulation (nominal cross‐section 40x36mm)
4 • Supporting structure
• T profiles (2mm)
1 VIPs PANELS
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2 PVC CLIP
3D printed and extruded clip supporting VIP panel installed on Demonstration Wall ‐
confirming proper clip construction
Special profiles
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3 PIR‐M insulation
Since VIPs are vapour tight, in order to avoid any
interstitial water building up, PIR insulation is
included in the vertical VIP‐VIP union.
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4 SUPPORTING STRUCTURE
Thermal break elements between the L bracket and the existing wall to
reduce the 3D thermal bridge.
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5 CLADDING
Because of their hygrothermal properties compared to open joint solutions, it
was decided to used extruded ceramic panels with overlapped joints. Main
feature of Keratwin K20 type of cladding, is its flexibility and possibility to
obtain varied lengths of ceramic panels (up to 1800mm). It allows trouble‐
free installation of cladding regardless of VIP panel configuration.
Thickness of ceramic panels is equal to 20mm; panels are manufactured in
varied heights from 200mm to 500mm, the height depends on horizontal
arrangement and wind‐loads on the façade.
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How and where the Technology can be used for
retrofitting.
– This design can be implemented in all types of
buildings, like a common ventilated facade
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Benefits of retrofitting the technology – energy
savings, costs, ease of installation, uniqueness
etc.
Excellent thermal properties ‐ thermal conductivity λ=0,005W/mK
The insulation thickness lower in comparison to other systems ‐ 30mm instead
of 200mm
The system is easy to install ‐ PVC clip integrating VIP into ventilated facade
Internal:
• Significant internal floor space savings
• System can be incorporated with existing and future elements & services
without affecting thermal layer
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Evaluation
• VIPs are integrated in the façade system. These materials are highly insulating, this
implies that any thermal bridge will produce a relatively larger effect than in its
counterpart with traditional insulation materials. This required of a detailed thermal
assessment of the proposed architectural designs. Thermal performance
• The envelope material in the VIP is air and water‐tight (it is designed and
manufactured to keep vacuum pressure within the VIP). The laying of a watertight
material all over the façade has been frequently identified with condensation
problems, not only surface, but also interstitial condensation. Condensation
performance
• The following performances have been verified:
• Thermal performance
• One‐dimensional U‐value, according to EN ISO 6946[2].
• 2‐3‐dimensional U‐value, when considering multidimensional heat transfer.
• Solar heat gain coefficient (g equivalent for opaque envelope)
• Condensation performance
• Indoor surface condensation & mould growth risk.
• Interstitial condensation
• Overall mechanical performance of the façade
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K20 Solution‐ Global heat transfer coefficient:
Representative
area, length or
U, ψ, χ units units Comments
U1D VIP 0.158 W/m2K 11.55 m2
U1D PIR 0.575 W/m2K 0.42 m2 34 mm thick PIR
ψ2Dclip 0.017 W/mK 16.5 lm Without silicon prot.
ψ 2DPIR 0.017 W/mK 10.5 lm 34 x40mm/lm sizePIR
χ3Dbrackets 0.070 W 11 6 mm thermsotop
Uglobal 0.276 W/m2K 11.97 m2
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COMPARISON OF CALCULATED THERMAL AND HYGROTHERMAL
FEATURES OF VENTILATED FAÇADE DESIGN WITH TARGET VALUES
Targeted values for the external facade Calculated values
system
Thermal transmittance‐ targeted U U =0.276 W/m2K
factor < 0.25 W/m2K
Water vapour diffusion: the façade has No water condensation – breathable façade system
to allow the internal wall to breathe.
Thermal bridges: overall thermal bridges When considering only 2D thermal bridges, U value
related to the anchoring of the system increases 34% when the PIR is considered a thermal bridge
should be less than the 15% of the by itself. When the PIR is considered in the 1D model, 2D
equivalent thermal value of the panel. represent 22% and in the overall model, ie considering 2D
and 3D, thermal bridges represent almost 50% of the
thermal transmittance, being anchorage one of the key
elements in improving the behavior.
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PROTOTYPE installation
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PROTOTYPE installation
1. Condition the existing wall. All ducts,
pipes, wires, gutters…should be
removed and any imperfection or
damage in the existing façade should
be repaired before starting the façade
installation.
2. Draw the lines where the profiles and
anchorages should be installed
according to the façade layout
drawings and plans.
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PROTOTYPE installation 3 & 4
3. Place the fixed point brackets that
withstand the façade weight in the
slabs with a thermal break between
the aluminum anchorage and the
existing wall neoprene according to
the façade layout drawings.
5
4. Place the moving point brackets with
the thermos top layer.
5. Install the vertical T and C aluminum
profiles so the top part of the T
profile is around 90 mm from the
bracket or around 95 mm from the
façade.
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PROTOTYPE installation
6. Begin installing the insulation layer
from one of the external extremes of
the L brackets.
7. Cut PVC profiles to proper length equal
to VIP panel length (if longer)
8. Begin installation with starting clip (L
shaped) from the bottom of external
wall. Use 3 to 4 mechanical fasteners
adequate to external wall construction
to fix first part of the clip.
9. Place the VIP panel on fixed element
and snap second part of clip together
with the fixed one to hold down VIP
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PROTOTYPE installation
10. Place the first part of the clip on
mounted VIP panel and fix it to external
wall.
11. Repeat steps 7‐8
12. At the edges of external wall like upper
edge of wall, openings, etc. use a final
clip use starting clip. Where VIPs can
not cover the whole area, use PIR
insulation. Maximize area covered with
VIPs in order to reduce thermal bridges
or areas with lower insulation levels.
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PROTOTYPE installation
13. PIR installation in top of brackets:
measure the distance between two VIP
in the vertical arrangement. Cut a
piece of PIR of 8 cm thick that fits
within. Introduce the PIR in the gap
and seal it with a strand of
polyurethane.
14. Cladding: install the cladding fixed
between the pawls.
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PROTOTYPE installation
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PROTOTYPE installation
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PROTOTYPE installation
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PROTOTYPE MOUNTING VALIDATION AND RECOMENDATION
• No vacuum loss was observed in the reception VIPs.
• Apparently, no vacuum loss occurred during the installation. VIPs were
handled with relative care.
• Small displacements of the asphalt layer were observed in some of the
VIP panels, hampering the continuity of two VIP panels in the wall.
• The protruding asphalt layer was cut with a sharp cutter
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PROTOTYPE MOUNTING VALIDATION AND RECOMENDATION
• two layers of fumed silica that are in the interior of the envelope are not
perfectly straight
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Thank you for listening!
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research,
technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 609060.
The information in this presentation does not necessarily represent the view of the European
Commission.
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